Mere Sansmaran Babamama

‘o a o g§ ñ ‘aU
(My Memoirs)
~m~m ‘m‘m H¥ V
{hÝXr AZw d mX
(Amo . nr.MmÝXZm)
coIH Ho {df` ‘| Hw N eãX
lr.EM.nr.gmëdo H m OÝ‘ df© 1933 ‘| hþAm& ghO¶mo{J¶m| ‘| do ~m~m-

‘m‘m Ho ê n ‘| OmZo OmVo h¢& ^maV Ho ‘hmamï´ àXoe ‘| ‘m± Ho ^mB© H mo ‘m‘m
H hH a nwH mam OmVm h¡& do ghO¶moJXm{¶{Z "‘m±', n.ny.‘mVmOr lr‘Vr
{Z‘©bmXodr, Ho ^mB© Wo& EM.nr.gmëdo nyd©H mcrZ em{cdmhZ Zm‘H gwà{gÕ
amOd§e Ho d§eO Wo& CZH m OÝ‘ ^maVr` B{Vhmg Ho ‘hËdnyU© H mc ‘|
hþAm-EH Eogo g‘` ‘| O~ CZHo {nVm amîQ´ Ho AÝ` ~‹S o cmoJm| Ho gmW H§ Yo
go H§ Ym {‘cmH a ~Vm©Zdr gaH ma H s XmgVm H m OyAm (Yoke) CVma ’| H Zo
Ho {cE g§Kf© H a aho Wo& `h EH Eogm g‘` Wm O~ loîR ‘mZdr` ‘yë`m| H m
~moc~mcm Wm V~ Eogo AmXem}§ H s ~{cdoXr na ~{cXmZ hmo OmZm CÎm‘ ‘mZm
OmVm Wm, EH Eogm g‘` O~ ~Vm©Zdr Oocm| ‘| amîQ´ {nVmAm| Zo Xoe Ho `wdmAm|
H mo nrNo Nmo‹S {X`m Wm Am¡a AmË‘m H s {dO` àmá H aZo Ho {cE CZHo n[admam|
Zo Jar~r H s H {RZmB`m| H mo ghf© ñdrH ma H a {c`m Wm& H moH m-H mocm Am¡a
nm°n å`y{OμH H m {H gr Zo Zm‘ ^r Z gwZm Wm& g^r cmoJm| Ho hm|R mo na O`{hÝX
H m Zmam Wm Am¡a ^maV ‘mVm g^r Ho öX`m| H mo ào[aV H aVr Wt& ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr
H s AgmYmaU à{V‘m ^maVr` {j{VO na NmB© hþB© Wr Am¡a g^r `wdmAm| H m
ñdßZ CZH s naNmB§© H mo Ny coZm Wm& Bg ÌmgXr Zo `wdm gmëdo H s MoVZm na
^r Nmn Nmo‹S r Am¡a CÝhm|Zo SQH a BgH m ‘wH m~cm {H `m& OrdZ n`©ÝV
CÝhm|§Zo H Rmoa Jm±YrdmXr AmXem}§ H m nmcZ {H `m& ‘mVm-{nVm Ho àm`: Ooc
OmZo Ho H maU CZH s ~‹S r ~hZ {Z‘©cm Zo AË`ÝV ào‘nyd©H CZH m cmcZ-
nmcZ {H `m Am¡a Z Ho dc CZH s AmË‘m H m nmofU {H `m ~pëH AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm Ho Cƒ AmXem}§ Ho AZwê n CZHo ì`pŠVËd H mo ^r {ZImam&
{d^mOZ Ho VwaÝV níMmV² BŠH sgdt eVmãXr Ho A{êmn Am¡a daXmZ
AmE Am¡a `wdm gmëdo Zo Bg Vyμ\ mZr n[adV©Zerc g‘` ‘| AnZo n§I ’¡ bmZo
grIo& CÝhm|Zo nmaån[aH ‘yë`m| H mo AmË‘gmV {H `m Wm {’ a ^r emg-n{ÌV
coImH ma H m AmYw{ZH noem AnZmZo H m gmhg {H `m& Omo cmoJ Bg ~mV go
n[a{MV Wo {H CZH s ‘m± J{UV H s {dÛmZ Wt, CZHo {cE CZH m ò H X‘ H moB©
AmíM`© H s ~mV Z Wr& CZH s ~hZ Ho Ûmam ~moE JE ~rO H éUm‘` ì`pŠV Ho
ê n ‘| nwpînV hþE Am¡a Bg àH ma CÝh| Am§V[aH gÝVwcZ H s AdñWm àXmZ
H s& Vrd« hm{OμaOdm~r Ho JwU Ho H maU do AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho {à` ~Z JE& CZHo
{‘Ì àm`: CZH s ~mV| H aV&o CZHo EH g‘rnr {‘Ì Zo ~Vm`m {H , ""CZHo {nVm
ZmJnaw Ho àW‘ ‘òa Wo Ama¡ ~m~m ZmJnaw Ho ApÝV‘ hmE¡ (Nightmare) W&o''
Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H ^m½` Ho J^© ‘| CZHo {cE Am¡a ^r ~hþV Hw N
{Nnm hþAm Wm& AnZr ~‹S r ~hZ {Z‘©cm Xodr Ho {Xì` ñd^md H mo O~ CÝhm|Zo
nhMmZm Vmo CZH m OrdZ n[adV©Z {~ÝXw VH nhþ±M J`m& CZHo Amerdm©X go
CÝhm|Zo AmË‘ gmjmËH ma àmá {H `m& Á`mo{V‘©` MoVZm nmH a do gÝV ~Z JE,
{’ a ^r do {dZmoX-ercVm go n[anyU© Wo& gd©gmYmaU ~m~m {díd â Ho
hOmam| ghO`mo{J`m| Ho ~m~m-‘m‘m ~Z JE& do AË`ÝV AmË‘gå‘mZerc,
B©‘mZXma Ed§ {dZ‘« ì`pŠV Wo& Ü`mZ YmaUm Ûmam CÝhm|Zo Am`moOZ H s
J{VercVm àmá H s& AMmZH CZH s epŠV`m± àH Q hþBª Am¡a do EH ‘hmZ
H {d, g§JrVH ma Am¡a ^mfm{dX² ~Z JE& g¥OZmË‘H Vm Ho A{ÛVr` ñVa na
CZHo EH Ho ~mX EH g§JrV Ho Ec~‘ {ZH co& CZHo {~Zm ghO`moJ Ho
H m`©H« ‘m| H m Am`moOZ Agå^d hmoVm& ^maVr` emñÌr` g§JrV Ed§ Z¥Ë` H mo
nwZOudZ àXmZ H aZo Ho {cE lr ‘mVmOr Ho nW àXe©Z ‘| CÝhm|Zo ZmJnwa ‘|
g§JrV g§ñWmZ ñWm{nV {H `m& Wmo‹S o go g‘` ‘| hr {díd â go AmE gm¡ go ^r
A{YH {dÚm{W©`m| go ò g§ñWmZ â J`m& {dÚm{W©`m| Zo Z Ho dc g§JrV ‘|
Hw ecVm àmá H s ~pëH ar‹T H s hÈr Ho ‘yc ‘| pñWV ào[aV H aZo dmcr epŠV
VWm òmoV H s JhZVm ‘| ^r CVao& ghO`moJ Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go OmJ¥V hmoH a
Hw ÊS{cZr O~ ghòmaaÝY« H mo nma H aVr h¡ Vmo h‘mar à{V^mAm| H m nmofU
H aHo {d{eîQVmAm| H mo C^maVr h¡& {ejm Ho Wmo‹S o go g‘` ‘| hr {dXoer
{dÚm{W©`m| H m O{Qc ^maVr` amJm| ‘| ‘hmaV hm{gc H a coZm dmñVd ‘|
AmíM©OZH h¡& V~ go coH a ~hþV go NmÌ AnZo joÌ ‘| ‘hmZ {demaX ~Z JE
h¢& ~m~m ‘m‘m H s Am`w Š`m|{H 60 Ho cJ^J nhþ±M JB© Wr AV: CÝh| Hw N
emar[aH g‘ñ`mE§ hmo JBª& 28 ’ adar 2000 Ho {XZ na‘² nyÁ` lr ‘mVmOr
H s H¥ nm go empÝVnyd©H CÝhm|Zo {díd go à`mU {H `m&
¶moJr ‘hmOZ
coIH Ho Hw N eãX
gd©àW‘ ‘¢ A§Jo«Or ^mfm Ho {dÛmZm| Ed§ ^mfm{dXm| go j‘m ‘m±Jy§Jm Š`m|{H

lr ‘mVmOr H s Vah go ‘oar ^r nyar {ejm-Xrjm ñWmZr` ^mfm ‘| hþB©& A§J«oOr
h‘mao {cE d¡H pënH {df` Wm& AV: AmcmoMH m| go ‘oar `hr àmW©Zm h¡ {H Bg
{Xem ‘| AmcmoMZm Z H aHo {df`-dñVw na Ü`mZ X|, ^mfm H s loîRVm na
Zht& AÝ` g^r Ìw{Q`m| Ho {cE ^r ‘¢ j‘m`mMH hÿ± Š`m|{H nwñVH -coIZ ‘|
‘oam `h àW‘ à`ËZ h¡&
lr ‘mVmOr H s {Xì` A{^ì`pŠV go nyd© Ho OrdZ, {deof ê n go CZHo
n[adma Ho B{Vhmg, Ho {df` ‘| OmZZo H s A{YH Va ghO`mo{J`mo§ H s cå~o
g‘` go BÀNm Wr& Bg {Xem ‘| à`ËZ H aZo ‘| ‘oao gå‘wI ~hþV gr
H {RZmB©`m± AmBª, {deof ê n go n[adma H m B{Vhmg nVm cJmZo ‘|& AV: Hw N
Eogo ^r H mc h¢ {OZ na àH me Zht Smcm Om gH m& nyar nwñVH ‘| nmRH H s
é{M ~ZmE aIZo H m à`ËZ ‘Z¢o {H `m h¡ Ama¡ Bgr{cE nñwVH {cIVo hEþ ‘Z¢o
H Wm-ec ¡ r AnZmB© h&¡
AmnH s {XcMñnr ~ZmE aIZo ‘| `{X H ht ‘¢ Ag’ c hþAm hÿ± Vmo
g§^dV: ‘wPo Cg KQZm go nyd© Ho Hw N {ddaUm| H s Amdí`H Vm hmoJr Omo
CncãY Z Wo&
df© 1995 ‘| X{jU A’« sH m go gof (Sesh) AH mX‘r AmB© Am¡a nwñVH
{cIZo Ho {cE ‘oam OrdZ Xyâ H a {X`m& Ho dc Amcñ` Ho H maU ‘¢ ò
nwñVH Z {cI ahm Wm& Bg cú` H mo àmá H aZo ‘| dh àoaUm òmoV Wr& Bg
H m`© H mo nyam H aZo Ho {cE AnZr n‹T mB© H s H s‘V na ^r dh ‘oao XâVa AmH a
H m`© H aVr Am¡a ha g‘` {cIVo ahZo Ho {cE ‘wPo {dde H aVr& `h ñdrH ma
H aZo ‘| ‘wPo Jd© h¡ {H Bg nwñVH H mo {cIZo H m AmYo go ^r A{YH lo` gof
H mo OmVm h¡& CgHo n{V lr.‘¡Q (Matt) ^r nwñVH Ho {df` ‘| AË`ÝV CËgmhr
Wo Ama¡ AË`ÝV {dZ‘V«mndyH© do h‘eom ‘P w o ñ‘aU H admVo {H WmS‹o o go à`ËZm| go ‘¢
AnZo Amcñ` go ‘ŠwV hmo gH Vm h&±ÿ CÝhmZ|o ‘P w o A‘arH m AmZo H m {Z‘Ì§U ^r
{X`m& Bg nñwVH H mo nUy© H aZo ‘| CZH m ^r ~hVþ ~S‹ m `mJoXmZ h&¡
Sm.amOrd Am¡a CZH s gwÝXa nËZr Sm°cr H mo ‘¢ {H g àH ma ^yc gH Vm
hÿ±! ghO-{díd Ho à{V ‘oao CÎmaXm{`Ëdm| Ho {df` ‘| do gXm `mX {XcmVo aho
{H {H g àH ma cmoJ lr‘mVmOr Ho OrdZ Ho {df` ‘| OmZZo Ho {cE CËgwH Vm
go àVrjm H a aho h¢& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ‘Zrcm {Z‘§{ÌV {H `m& naÝVw AnZr
ì`ñVVm Ho H maU Z ‘¢ A‘arH m Om nm`m Z ‘Zrcm&
gÝZr ^¡`m, emÝVm VmB© Am¡a ga gr.nr., {OÝhm|Zo ‘wPo gmjmËH ma {XE
Am¡a Bg nwñVH H mo nyU© H aZo Ho {cE Amdí`H gyMZm àXmZ H s, CZH m ‘¢
{deof ê n go YÝ`dmXr hÿ±&
AÝV ‘| ‘¢ ‘‘Vm Am¡a Aå~a H m YÝ`dmXr hÿ± {OÝhm|Zo eamaV H aZo ‘|
gof H m ñWmZ {c`m Am¡a ò nwñVH nyU© H aZo ‘| gXm ‘oao nrNo cJo aho& XmoZm|
~‹S r-~‹S r Xoa VH ‘oar ~mocr hþB© B~maVm| (Dictations) H mo {cIVo& H ^r
CÝhm|Zo ò Zht Xem©`m {H do WH JE h¢& ò XmoZm| c‹S {H `m± (gof Am¡a ‘‘Vm)
‘oar ~o{Q`m| g‘ h¢ naÝVw AnZr ~o{Q`m| go ^r H ^r BVZo AQc ào‘ Am¡a
g‘n©U H s Amem ‘¢ Z H aVm& ò XoIH a AË`ÝV empÝV hmoVr h¡ {H {H g
àH ma lr‘mVmOr Zo cmoJm| H mo n[ad{V©V {H `m h¡& CZHo ^ŠV {Og àH ma go
H m`m}§ ‘| AnZm g‘n©U Xem©Vo h¢ Cggo lr‘mVmOr Ho ào‘ H s A{^ì`pŠV hmoVr
h¡& ‘¢ CÝh| àUm‘ H aVm hÿ± VWm Bg loUr ‘| AmZo dmco g^r cmoJm| H mo ^r& ‘oar
Bg nwñVH H m gånmXZ H aZo ‘| ‘¢ AnZr nwÌdYw gwZrVm H m ^r ewH« JwμOma hÿ±&
Bg nwñVH H m {df` Š`m|{H lr‘mVmOr H s AZH hr H hmZr h¡ AV:
‘¢Zo Bg H hmZr H mo df© 1986 na Nmo‹S {X`m h¡& 1986 Ho ~mX Ho dfm}§ ‘| Omo
Hw N ^r lr‘mVmOr Zo ghO Ho {cE {H `m `m Omo ^r Wmo‹S m ~hþV `moJXmZ ‘¢Zo
ghO H mo {X`m dh g^r cmoJ OmZVo h¢& AV: nwZamd¥{Îm go ~MZo Ho {cE (VWm
H ^r `{X ‘¢Zo Xygar nwñVH {cIZo Ho {df` ‘| gmoMm Vmo CgH s {df` dñVw Ho
{cE) ‘¢Zo `hr C{MV g‘Pm {H lr‘mVmOr Am¡a CZHo n[adma Ho {df` ‘| df©
1986 VH hr {cIy§&
‘wPo Amem h¡ VWm ‘oar ¶h àmW©Zm h¡ {H ¶h nwñVH AmnH s Amem-
AZwê n hmo VWm AmnH mo dh g~ gyMZm Xo {OgH s Bggo AmnH mo Amem h¡&
AÝV ‘| ‘¢ AnZr nËZr H m YÝ¶dmX H aZm Mmhÿ±Jm Omo ‘oao à{V Am¡a n{V
Ho ê n ‘| ‘oao Amdm§{NV ì¶dhma Ho à{V gXm g{hîUw ahr&
OyZ 1999 gXm gd©Xm AmnH m
~m~m -‘m‘m
Hw N eãX nwñVH Ho {df¶ ‘|
¶h nwñVH na‘ nyÁ¶ ‘mVmOr lr {Z‘©bm Xodr H s nm[adm[aH n¥ð ^y{‘,

e¡edH mb, ¶wdmdñWm Am¡a CZH s amOZr{VH J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho {df¶ ‘| {ZaÝVa
H s OmZo dmbr nyN VmN H m n[aUm‘ h¡&
AV: ¶o gmoMm J¶m {H CZHo n[adma H m gXñ¶ hmoZo Ho ZmVo ¶{X ‘¢ EH
nwñVH {bIy§ Vmo CZH s {Xì¶ A{^ì¶{º go nyd© Ed§ níMmV² Ho OrdZ Ho {df¶
‘| ghO¶mo{J¶m| Ho g^r àíZm| H m CÎma {‘b gH Vm h¡& AV: Bg nwñVH ‘|
lr‘mVmOr H m hr ‘w»¶ ñWmZ h¡ VWm Bg‘o d{U©V KQZmE§ CZHo amOZr{VH
OrdZ VWm Ym{‘©H J{V{d{Y¶m| na AmYm[aV h¢&
¶h nwñVH gmëdo n[adma Ho ¶eñdr ñd^md na ^r àH me SmbVr h¡&
gmëdo eãX AmO ^r gË¶{Zðm, Xoe Ho {bE ASmob ào‘ Am¡a AÝ¶m¶-{damoY
H m àVrH h¡& {ZpíMV ê n go ¶h nwñVH ghO¶mo{J¶m| H mo gÝVwï H aoJr Am¡a
bmoJm| ‘| ghO¶moJ H s CÞ{V H m gmdYmZr nyd©H AÜ¶¶Z H aZo H s {XbMñnr
n¡Xm H aoJr, {deof ê n go ³¶m|{H Bg nwñVH H s KQZmE§ EH àË¶jXeu Ûmam
{bIr JB© h¢&
AZwH« ‘{UH m
AÜ¶m¶ {df¶ n¥ð
AÜ`m`-1 1883 go 21 ‘mM© 1923 14
AÜ`m`-2 1823 go 1927 48
qNXdmSm ‘| lr‘mVmOr H m e¡edH mb
AÜ`m`-3 1827 go 1933 53
~Vm©Zdr gm‘«mÁ¶ H m AmJ‘Z
AÜ`m`-4 1933 go 1947 60
lr‘mVmOr Ho {ddmh VH ‘oam e¡edH mb
AÜ`m`-5 1947 go 1955 94
amï´ H m OÝ‘
AÜ`m`-6 1955 go 1963 118
AÜ`m`-7 1963 go 1970 132
AÜ`m`-8 1970 go 1986 142
lr‘mVmOr H m àH QrH aU
AÜ`m`-9 1986 - ~«÷mÊS H m g¥OZ 170
AÜ`m`-10 1999 - lr‘mVmOr-‘oar CÕmaH 180
AÜ`m`-1
1883 go 21 ‘mM© 1923
‘oao {nVmOr lr àgmXamd H m OÝ‘, ‘oao XmXmOr H s ‘¥Ë`monam§V ‘oar XmXr

lr‘Vr gIw ~mB© H s H moI go, 15 OwcmB© 1883 H mo C‚m¡Z ‘| hþAm&
em{cdmhZ amOd§e Ho d§eO ‘oao XmXmOr lr Ho edamd H s ‘¥Ë`w ‘oao {nVmOr Ho
OÝ‘ go Xmo gámh nyd© OyZ ‘mh Ho ‘Ü` ‘| hmo JB© Wr& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo EH ~ma
`wdmdñWm ‘| hr ‘oao XmXmOr Ho Agm‘{`H Ed§ Xw:IX ‘¥Ë`w Ho {df` ‘| ~Vm`m
Wm& H hmZr Bg àH ma h¡ :-
AnZr MMoar ~hZ (‘oar MmMr ~wAm XmXr) H mo coZo Ho {cE ‘oao XmXmOr
amhþar JE Wo; Š`m|{H CÝhm|Zo (MMoar ~wAm XmXr Zo) àgy{V Ho g‘` ‘oar XmXr
H s XoI^mc H aZo Ho {cE AmZm Wm& XmXmOr amO-n[adma go Wo {OZH m lr
Jm±d ‘| EH {H cm Wm, ‘amRr ‘| Bgo dm‹S m H hVo h¢& {Og àH ma ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo
~Vm`m Wm Am¡a lr ‘mVmOr Zo BgH s nw{ï H s, ‘oao naXmXm ‘amRm amOKamZo Ho
d§eO Wo ({hÝXy Y‘© Ho AZwgma j{Ì` Om{V) {OZH m lr Jm±d g‘oV amhþar joÌ
na emgZ Wm& X{jU ‘o§ CZHo gm‘«mÁ` H m {dñVma h¡Xam~mX VH Wm Ohm±
AmO ^r em{cdmhZ amOm H s à{V‘m cJr hþB© h¡& do gwà{gÕ gmVdmhZ
amOd§e (Satvahan Dynasty) Ho d§eO Wo Omo {H MÝÐJwá ‘m¡`© d§e H s EH
àemIm h¡& em{cdmhZ {MÎmm¡‹S J‹T go AmE& EH nwñVH ‘| dU©Z {H `m J`m h¡
{H em{cdmhZ amOm B©gm-‘grh go H í‘ra ‘| {‘co&
~~«wdmhZ ^r BÝht Ho EH d§eO Wo& CÝhm|Zo {dH« ‘m{XË` H mo namñV
H aHo {dH« ‘m{XË` Ho n§Mm§J H¡ co§S a {dH« ‘r g§dV² Ho {dnarV em{cdmhZ eH
Zm‘H n§Mm§J H¡ co|S a H m Amaå^ {H `m& XmoZm| hr n§Mm§Jm| H s Mmc MÝÐ‘m na
AmYm[aV h¡, gy`© na Zht&
àW‘ eVmãXr ‘| CZH m em{cdmh Zm‘H EH nwÌ Wm& CÎmar ^maV go do
Am¡a§Jm~mX Ho g‘rn n¡R Z ‘| AmH a ~g JE& ^`§H a ~m‹T Zo O~ CZHo n¡R Z
‘hc H mo ZîQ H a {X`m V~ lr {edmOr ‘hmamO Zo CZH s ~hmXwar Ed§ {ddoH
Ho gå‘mZ ‘| Z Ho dc CÝh| gwajm hr àXmZ H s naÝVw h‘mao Bg em{cdmhZ
14
nyd©O amOm H mo amhþar Ho g‘rn H m joÌ ^r ^|Q {H `m& CÝh| emhZmo
(Shahnow) Hw b Zm‘H CÀM Om{V H m {deof XOm© ^r àXmZ {H `m& CÝhm|Zo
lr Jm±d ‘| EH {H cm ~Zm`m Omo A~ "Zm`H m§Mo qeJwZo' (Naiakanche
Shingune) H hcmVm h¡ AWm©V² Zm`H H m qeJwZo& ò Zm`H amÁ` Ho ‘moQ m ~ma
(Motta Bar) (Xa~ma Ho à~ÝYH ) Wo& {OÝhm|Zo lr Jm±d go gmëdo n[adma Ho
àñWmZ Ho níMmV² H m`©^ma gå^mcm& lr Jm±d H mo qeKdo ^r H hVo Wo& AÝ`
gå~pÝY`m| Zo ^r Ho ed amd gmëdo H s μO‘rZ h{W`m cr& Eogm A§J«oOm| Ho ^y{‘
[aH mS© ‘| {cIm hþAm h¡& VrZ gm¡ df© nyd© CZHo d§eOm| Zo {H co Ho AÝXa lr
grVmam‘ Or H m EH gwÝXa ‘pÝXa ^r ~Zdm`m Wm& AnZo nyd©Om| Ho nmnm| Ho
àm`píMV Ho ê n ‘| Cg {H co ‘| ahZo dmco CZHo d§eO Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo {H co
Ho AÝXa Ho Hw N H ‘ao ^|Q H aZo H m àñVmd {H `m h¡& `hm± EH ~hþV gwÝXa
ñWmZ h¡ {Ogo "grVm ZhmZr' H hVo h¢& `hm± dZdmg H mc ‘| grVmOr lr am‘
Ho gmW aht Wt& ò g^r ñ‘maH amOnyV dmñVwH cm e¡cr ‘| ~Zo hþE h¢&
lr‘mVmOr Zo nwUo Ho à{VîRmZ ‘| Bgr dmñVwH cm H m Cn`moJ {H `m h¡& ‘w»`
H hmZr H s Amoa dm{ng AmVo hþE, Š`m|{H amhþar aocdo ñQoeZ lr Jm±d go Xg
{H cmo‘rQa Xya Wm ‘oao XmXmOr Kmo‹S o na gdma hmoH a aoUwH m ~mB© H mo coZo gw~h-
gdoao hr Mco JE Wo& ‘mZgyZ Amaå^ hmo MwH s Wr Am¡a ~m[ae hmoZo H m ^` Wm&
KZKmoa KQmAm| H s {MÝVm Z H aVo hþE do amhþar Mco JE& dfm© G Vw go gwajm H s
H moB© V¡`mar Zht Wr& Jm‹S r na aoUwH m ~mB© Ho Z AmZo go CÝh| {Zamem hþB© Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo dm{ng AmZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& amñVo na ‘ygcmYma dfm© hmoZo cJr naÝVw
AnZr MMoar ~hZ Ho Z AmZo Ho H maU do BVZo naoemZ Wo {H CÝhm|Zo dfm© go
~MZo Ho {cE H moB© gwa{jV ñWmZ Zht Ty ±T m& Amdoe ‘| CÝhm|Zo lr Jm±d Am¡a
amhþar Ho ~rM ‘| ~hZo dmcr Cμ\ ZVr ZXr H mo nma {H `m& ZXr Ho Xygao {H Zmao
na Ohm± ~hþV {’ gcZ Wr, EH I‹S r MÅmZ na M‹T Vo hþE do Kmo‹S o go {JaH a
~homfo hmo JE& ‘aoo {nVmOr Zo h‘| ~Vm`m Wm {H ‘g y cmYma dfm© ‘| do H m’ s Xao VH
~homfo nS‹ o ah&o n[aUm‘ñdê n CÝh| {Z‘m{oZ`m hmo J`m Omo KmVH gm{~V hA þ m&
‘oao XmXmOr H s Agm‘{`H ‘¥Ë`w H s KQZm AË`ÝV ‘hm{dn{Îm Am¡a
ÌmgXr gm{~V hþB© Am¡a ‘oar XmXrOr H s epŠV narjm H m H maU ~Zr& ^maVr`
‘{hcm Ho {cE XwK©Q Zm ‘| n{V H s ‘¥Ë`w hmo OmZm ^`mZH ÌmgXr h¡& gIw ~mB©
15
Ho {cE Vmo `h XwK©Q Zm {dfoeê n go H îQH a Wr Š`m|{H CZH s J^m©dñWm
CÝZV pñW{V ‘| Wr& (CZ {XZm| nmaån[aH ^maVr` g§ñH¥ {V Am¡a ar{V-
[admμO ‘{hcmAm| H mo ~MnZ go hr n{V H m ‘mZ-gå‘mZ {gImVo Wo& ‘oar
XmXrOr Ho {cE ^r CZHo n{V hr CZH m g§gma Wo, CZHo nmcH Wo Am¡a CZHo
g§ajH Wo& AV: do CZ na nyU©V: Am{lV Wt&) {Z:gÝXoh do AnZo ñdJu` n{V
Ûmam Nmo‹S r JB© {demc gån{Îm VWm AÝ` gm§gm[aH ‘m‘cm| H mo gå^mcZo H s
pñW{V ‘| Z Wt Š`m|{H BgH m CÝh| H moB© AZw^d Z Wm&
{’ a ^r gIw ~mB© AË`ÝV ~hmXwa, {ZûH Am¡a X¥‹T {ZíM` dmcr ‘{hcm
Wt& CÝhm|Zo AnZo gå‘wI AmZo dmcr g^r {dn{Îm`m| H m gm‘Zm H aZo H m
{ZíM` {H `m& h‘mar XmXr ‘m± Ho BZ JwUm| Zo CZHo ~ÀMm| Ho nmcZ-nmofU ‘|
Ah‘² ^y{‘H m {Z^mB© h¡ Am¡a ò JwU CZHo ZmVr-nmoVm| Ho aŠV ‘| ^r Mco JE
h¢& AË`ÝV {Zame, hVmoËgm{hV do nyar Vah go Qy Q Zo hr dmcr Wt& dmo Am¡a ^r
A{YH naoemZ Wt Š`m|{H CZH s ggwamc Ho Xya-XamO Ho [aíVoXma CZHo
{damoY ‘| EH OwQ hmo JE Wo& do Š`m|{H B©gmB© Wt, Bg{cE ò gå~ÝYr Zht
MmhVo Wo {H {hÝXy n[adma H s n¡V¥H gån{Îm H s do CÎmam{YH mar ~Z|&
‘oao {nVmOr H s OÝ‘ H Wm Ho {df` ‘| OmZZo Ho {cE A^r h‘| éH Zm
hmoJm Š`m|{H Bggo nyd© `h dU©Z H aZm àmg§{JH hmoJm {H {H Z hmcmV ‘| ‘oao
nyd©Om| Zo B©gmB© Y‘© AnZm`m&
‘oao EH ‘hmZ nyd©O H s EH ~hZ AnZo e¡edH mc ‘| hr {dYdm hmo JB©
Wr& (Cg `wJ ‘o§ ~mc{ddmh Am‘ ~mV Wr {Ogo {hÝXy g‘mO ñdrH ma H aVm
Wm) ‘oao ò nyd©O Y‘© Ho ‘m‘co ‘| AË`ÝV CXma {dMmam| dmco ì`pŠV Wo& AV:
CZ {XZm| AÝYm-Yw§Y {H E OmZo dmco {hÝXy H ‘©H mÊSm| Am¡a ar{V-[admμOm| H mo
do ñdrH ma Z H a gHo , {deofê n go {hÝXy {dYdmAm| na {H E OmZo dmco
AË`mMmam| Ed§ AnamYm| Ho Vmo do {~ëHw b pIcmμ\ Wo& {hÝXy ar{V-[admOm| Ho
AZwgma {dYdm ‘{hcmAm| H mo AnZo {ga Ho ~mc ‘w§S dmZo n‹S Vo Wo& {dYdm
‘{hcm H mo g’o X gm‹S r nhZZr n‹S Vr Wr VWm {ga TH Zm hmoVm Wm& {H gr ^r
CËgd ‘| ^mJ coZm CgHo {cE d{O©V hmoVm Wm Š`m|{H CgH s CnpñW{V H mo
`hm± VH A‘§Jc‘` ‘mZm OmVm Wm {H cmoJ ‘mZVo Wo {H CZH s naNmB§© ^r
16
{H gr na Zht n‹S Zr Mm{hE& XÊS Ho ê n ‘| {dYdm ‘{hcm nwZ{d©dmh Zht H a
gH Vr Wr, Am¡a Cgo EH mÝV Am¡a AHo conZ H m OrdZ ì`VrV H aZo Ho {cE
{dde {H `m OmVm Wm& ‘oao CZ ‘hmZ nyd©O H s ~hZ na {hÝXy ar{V-[admOm| Ho
Zm‘ na {hÝXy npÊSVm| Zo Omo AË`mMma {H E do AË`ÝV Xw:IX Ed§ IoXOZH Wo
VWm CZH s ghZepŠV go nao Wo& ò g~ ar{V-[admO CZH s ‘mZdr` J[a‘m,
‘yë`m| Am¡a AmXem] H m gå‘mZ H aZo dmcr gyP-~yP Ho {dnarV Wo& BZ
‘mZdr` ‘yë`m| H m CZH s X¥{ï ‘| ~hþV gå‘mZ Wm& CZH s ~hZ Ho H îQ CZHo
{cE AË`ÝV AghZr` hmoVo Mco JE& {hÝXy g‘mO Bgo {dYdm Ho nmnm| H m
XÊS ‘mZVm Wm Am¡a {dYdm ‘{hcm H mo AnZo n{V H m OrdZ coZo Ho {cE
AnamYr ‘mZVm Wm& BgHo {dnarV n{V `{X {dYwa hmo OmE Vmo Cgo nwZ{d©dmh
H m nyU© A{YH ma Wm& {hÝXy g‘mO CgH s ^Ëg©Zm Zht H aVm Am¡a Z hr H ^r
Cgo nËZr H s ‘¥Ë`w Ho {cE Xmofr Rham`m OmVm h¡& AmO ^r Xya-XamO Ho Jm±dm|
‘| `h ôX^md àM{cV h¡&
Š`m|{H ò g~ Hw H¥ Ë` Y‘© Ho Zm‘ na {H E OmVo Wo, BÝhm|Zo ‘oao nyd©O H mo
{dÐmoh Ho {cE {dde {H `m& npÊSVm| Am¡a g‘mO Ho ~wOwJm] Zo CZH s {H gr ^r
àmW©Zm na H mZ Zht {XE& `wJm| H s àmMrZ naånamAm| Am¡a nwOm[a`m| Ho ^` Ho
H maU cmoJm| Ho ‘pñVîH ~ÝX hmo MwHo Wo& n§{SVm| Ho eãXm| H mo nmdZ ‘mZH a
CZHo {df` ‘| {~Zm H moB© àíZ {H ò, {~Zm {ddoH Am¡a VH© ~w{Õ H m Cn`moJ
{H E, Am±I| ~ÝX H aHo ñdrH ma {H `m OmVm Wm&
EH {XZ Bg {dYdm ‘{hcm H mo ‘§{Xa co Om aho Wo& CgZo AnZm {ga
Zht ‘w§S dm`m Wm Bg{cE CgHo gå~pÝY`m| Zo ‘mJ© na hr Cg na nËWa ’| H Zo
Amaå^ H a {XE& dh NmoQ r gr c‹S H s ‘y{N© V hmo JB© Am¡a CgH m ^mB© CRmH a
Cgo AnZo {H co VH cm`m& naÝVw dhr gå~ÝYr CZgo nyd© {H co ‘| àdoe H a
MwHo Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo CZHo gå‘wI {H co H m Ûma Zht Imocm& {dde hmoH a dh
AnZr ~hZ H mo {H co Ho ~mha pñWV EH AÝ` ~hVþ ~S‹ o Ka ‘| co Am`m& dh Ka
AmO ^r "gmëdo dmS‹ m' Ho Zm‘ go à{gÕ h&¡
‘oao Cg nyd©O Zo O~ XoIm {H ~mc{dYdm H mo gVmZo dmcr
AÝY{dídmg H s H Rmoa Xrdma go do AnZm {ga ’ mo‹S aho h¢ Vmo CÝhm|Zo Eogm Y‘©
17
Nmo‹S H a B©gmB© Y‘© AnZmZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& CÝhm|Zo Bñcm‘ Y‘© Zht
AnZm`m Š`m|{H dmo cmoJ Vmo AnZr ‘{hcmAm| Ho gmW {hÝXwAm| go ^r ~wam
ì`dhma H aVo h¢& CZHo Xya Ho ~hþV go gå~ÝYr {hÝXy Wo {OÝhm|Zo B©gmB© Y‘©
AnZmZo Ho {cò CZH s ^Ëg©Zm H s& dmo Y‘© n[adV©Z Ho níMmV² ^r AnZr
gån{Îm Ho ñdm‘r ~Zo aho& AnZr ~hZ H m {ddmh CÝhm|Zo EH AÝ` ~«m÷U
c‹S Ho go H a {X`m Omo {H nhco go hr B©gmB© Y‘© AnZm MwH m Wm& ‘oao XmXmOr
B©gmB© ~Zo Bg n[adma Ho Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr Ho OÝ‘ H s H hmZr AmJo Bg àH ma
h¡& ‘oao XmXmOr Ho VwaÝV CnamÝV CZHo ^mB©`m| VWm gå~pÝY`m| Zo Cg
gån{Îm Ho {df` ‘| g‘ñ`mE§ I‹S r H aZr Amaå^ H a Xt Omo do Nmo‹S H a JE Wo
Am¡a {OZ na CÎmam{YH mar Ho ê n ‘| gIw ~mB© Am¡a CZHo ~ÀMm| H m A{YH ma
Wm& H hm OmVm h¡ {H BZ gå~pÝY`m| Zo {nVm {dhrZ n[adma Ho XyY ‘| μOha
{‘cmZo H m à`ËZ {H `m& naÝVw gm¡^m½`de gIw ~mB© H mo BgH m nVm Mc J`m
Š`m|{H EH {~„r Bg XyY H mo nrH a ‘a JB© Wr& Bg KQZm Zo gIw ~mB© H mo
erK«m{VerK« dm‹S m Nmo‹S H a Mco OmZo H m {ZU©` coZo Ho {cE {dde H a {X`m&
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Wr {H `hm± go AnZo àñWmZ ‘| `{X CgZo A{YH Xoa H s Vmo `h CgH s VWm
CgHo ~ÀMm| H s gwajm Ho ‘m‘co ‘| KmVH hmo gH Vm h¡& Cgo `{X ò H m`©
H aZm h¡ Vmo {~Zm {H gr Xoa Ho VwaÝV {H `m OmZm Mm{hE& g^r {dnXmE§ CZHo
gå‘wI ‘w±h ~m±Yo I‹S r Wt& CZHo ggwamc dmcm| H m ^`mdh X¥{ïH moU, Vy’ mZr
‘m¡g‘, ‘ygcmYma dfm© Am¡a ~m‹T J«ñV Z{X`m±& Ho dc BVZm hr Zht, CÝh|
aocJm{‹S `m| H m ^r H moB© kmZ Z Wm Am¡a Z hr CZHo nmg H moB© gmYZ Wm
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cJm nmVt& BZ hmcmV ‘| nm±M ~ƒm| Ho gmW J^m©dñWm ‘| ~m‹T J«ñV ZXr H mo nma
H aZo H m à`ËZ Vmo H ënZm go ^r nao Wm Am¡a dmñVd ‘| KmVH Wm& naÝVw do
AË`ÝV Ym{‘©H ì`pŠV Wt {OÝh| na‘mË‘m na AJmY {dídmg Wm& AË`ÝV
AmemdmXr hmZoo Ho gmW-gmW ‘Hw m~cm H aZo H s ^mdZm ^r CZ‘| nayr-nayr Wr&
Vmo EH amV H mo O~ dfm© hmo ahr Wr Am¡a nyam Jm±d gmo`m hþAm Wm CÝhm|Zo
Omo Hw N ^r dmo gmW co Om gH Vr Wt, ^co {XZm| ‘| EH Ì {H `m hþAm n¡gm,
Hw N JhZ| Am{X, CRm`m Am¡a {H co go ~mha pñWV gmëdo dm‹S m ‘| Mcr JBª& ò
18
gw{ZpíMV H aHo H s H moB© CÝh| XoI Zht ahm h¡ AË`ÝV empÝV nyd©H AnZo
nm±Mm| ~ÀMm| H mo gmW coH a do Ka go pIgH JBª& AnZm gmam gm‘mZ CÝhm|Zo
AnZr nrR na ~m§Ym hþAm Wm& hëH s-hëH s dfm© hmo ahr Wr naÝVw ~M
{ZH cZo Ho {cò ò H mμ\ s Wr Š`m|{H g^r cmoJ AnZo Kam| ‘| ~ÝX Wo, Am¡a
AË`ÝV empÝV nyd©H do ZXr H s Amoa Mc n‹S t& nmZr H s AmdmO go CÝhm|Zo
A§XmOm cJm`m {H ~hmd ~hþV VoμO h¡& ewé go do àm`: ZXr na AmVr OmVr
ahVr Wt Am¡a Bg{cE CÝh| ZXr Ho {H Zmam| H m ^m¡Jmo{cH kmZ H m’ s AÀNm
Wm& éH -éH H a {~Ocr H m M‘H Zm naoemZr H m H maU Wm Š`m|{H M‘H
Ho ~mX ~mXcm| H s JO©Z go NmoQ o-NmoQ o ~ÀMo SaVo Wo& naÝVw EH -Xmo jUm| VH
McZo dmcr {~Ocr H s M‘H CÝh| pñW{V H m AÝXmOm cJmZo H m àH me
àXmZ H a XoVr Wr Am¡a Bg àH ma AÝYoao ‘| do AmJo ~‹T Vr JBª& eZ¡:eZ¡: AnZo
~ÀMm| Ho gmW do EH Eogo ñWmZ na nhþ±M JBª Ohm± do OmZVr Wt {H ZXr H s
JhamB© ~hþV H ‘ h¡ VWm XmoZm| {H Zmam| H s Xyar ^r g§H sU© h¡&
na‘mË‘m go àmW©Zm H aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo AnZr Xmo ~o{Q`m| Ho hmW nH ‹S o Am¡a
Xmo ~oQ m| Ho hmW AnZo ~‹S o ~oQ o gmocmo‘Z Ho hmW ‘| nH ‹S m {XE Vm{H CÝh| ZXr
nma H amB© Om gHo & Cg g‘` gmocmo‘Z ½`mah-~mah gmc H m h¥íQ-nwíQ
c‹S H m Wm Am¡a ~hþV AÀNm V¡amH ^r Wm& dmñVd ‘| CgHo eara H s ~ZmdQ
nhcdmZ O¡gr Wr& CgH m eara AgmYmaU Wm Am¡a Cg‘| AnZo hmWm| VWm
H ÝYm| ‘| H m’ s dμOZ CRmZo H s epŠV Wr& Vmo ‘oao Xmo NmoQ o MmMmAm| H s
XoI^mc H m ^ma gmocmo‘Z Zo AnZo hmW ‘| {c`m VWm ‘oar Xmo ~wAmAm| Ho hmW
H gH a AnZo hmW ‘| nH ‹S H a gIw ~mB© Zo Yrao-Yrao ZXr ‘| àdoe {H `m&
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H mo nma H a c|Jo, {deof ê n go O~ CZH m ~oQ m gmocmo‘Z CZHo gmW Wm&
naÝVw ZXr Ho ‘Ü` ‘| O~ dmo nhþ±Mt Vmo CÝhm|Zo ‘hgyg {H `m {H ~hmd ~hþV
VoμO Wm Am¡a CZHo n¡am| Ho ZrMo go aoV pIgH ahr h¡& V~ CÝhm|Zo gmocmo‘Z H mo
~wcm`m Am¡a AnZr XmoZm| ~o{Q`m| H m hmW CgHo hmW ‘| XoH a XmoZm| NmoQ o ~oQ m|
H mo V¡aH a ZXr nma H aZo Ho {cE H h {X`m& ZXr H s VoO Ymam ‘| do ñd`§ ^r
V¡aZo cJt& Bg H m`© Ho {cE CÝh| AnZm nyam gmhg Am¡a nyar epŠV ~QmoaZr
n‹S r Š`m|{H dmo OmZVr Wt {H H moB© Am¡a ‘mJ© Zht h¡& NmoQ o ^mB©`m| H mo V¡aZo H s
19
Amkm XoZo Ho ^`mZH n[aUm‘ H mo gmocmo‘Z Zo XoI {c`m Am¡a CÝh| AnZo
H ÝYm| na {~Rm {c`m VWm AnZr NmoQ r ~hZm| Ho hmW H gH a nH ‹S {cE Am¡a
nŠHo H X‘m| go ZXr nma H aZo cJm& gIw ~mB© `Ú{n Hw ec V¡amH Z Wt {’ a
^r dmo V¡aVr hr aht& Omo Wmo‹S r gr V¡amH s dmo OmZVr Wt Cg‘| ^r CZH s Zm¡
JO cå~r gm‹S r ~mYm ~Z ahr Wr& {’ a ^r AnZo g^r {dH ënm| H mo XoIVo hþE
(Omo {H Sy ~Zo Ho A{V[aŠV Hw N ^r Z Wm) CÝhm|Zo V¡amH s H s AnZr gr{‘V
à{V^m ‘| AnZr nyar epŠV Omo‹S Xr&
Amdmh-joÌ ‘| éH -éH H a hmoZo dmcr dfm© ~hþV ~‹T JB© Wr Am¡a gIw
~mB© Oc àdmh ‘| ’§ g JBª, ZXr Ho ~hmd Ho gmW do ~hZo cJt& O¡gm ‘¢Zo nhco
~Vm`m h¡ CZH s AXå` BÀNm epŠV Am¡a gmhg Zo CÝh| ZXr Ho Xygao {H Zmao
VH nhþ±MZo H s epŠV àXmZ H s, `Ú{n Hw N Xyar VH Vmo dmo ZXr H s Ymam ‘|
~h JB© Wt& BVZo ‘| AnZo X¥‹T {ZíM` Am¡a namH« ‘ Ho H maU gmocmo‘Z Zo ^r
gwajmnyd©H ZXr H s VoO Ymam H mo nma H aZo Ho Agå^d H m`© H mo H aZo Ho
níMmV² gIw ~mB© Zo AnZo g^r ~ÀMm| H m Hw ec jo‘ nyN m& BgHo ~mX CÝhm|Zo
nrR na ~§Yo hþE AnZo gm‘mZ H mo gå^mcm Am¡a Cgo ghr gcm‘V nmH a Cgo
~hþV g§Vmof hþAm `Ú{n gmam gm‘mZ ^rJ J`m Wm& A~ EH AÝ` H {RZ H m`©
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naÝVw Omo ~mYm CÝhm|Zo nma H a cr Wr CgHo ‘wH m~co ‘| dfm© Am¡a H sM‹S ‘|
AmR-Xg {H cmo‘rQa H s `mÌm ‘m‘ycr g¡a H s Vah go àVrV hþB©&
nyar Vah ^rJo hþE do Am¡a CZHo ~ÀMo A§VV: ñQoeZ nhþ±M JE& CZHo
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Jm‹S r H s àVrjm H aZo cJo&
AmO O~ ‘¢ AÝVd©cmoH Z Ûmam CÝh| XoIVm hÿ± Vmo ‘oao AÝXa ‘oar XmXr
‘m± H s Omo ‘y{V© CâVr h¡ CgHo AZwgma do gmhg go n[anyU©, loîR ì`pŠVËd
H s ‘{hcm Wt {OZ‘| AÝ`m` Ho {déÕ `wÕ H aZo Ho X¥‹T {dídmg H s epŠV
Wr& CZ‘| EH Amoa Vmo JhZ namH« ‘ VWm gmhg Wm Am¡a Xygar Amoa do AnZo
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CZHo ~ƒm| Ho {cE àoaUm H m g«moV h¢& Bg ~mV na ‘¢ {deof ê n go Bg{cE ~c
20
Xo ahm hÿ± {H ò JwU CZHo ‘mÜ`‘ go CZHo ~ƒm| Ama¡ ZmVr-nmVom| ‘| àdeo H a JE
h¢ Ama¡ BZ‘| lr‘mVmOr H m ñWmZ {defo h&¡
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ImoO H aZo H s nyar gå^mdZm Wr& nyd© go AmH me H m a§J cm{c‘m ‘| n[ad{V©V
hmo ahm Wm Omo Xem©Vm Wm {H gy`m}X` Xya Zht h¡ Am¡a dfm© ^r éH MwH s Wr&
gIw ~mB© Zo àmW©Zm H aVo hþE AnZr Am±Io§ ~ÝX H a ct, gd©epŠV‘mZ
na‘mË‘m go àmW©Zm H s Am¡a aocJm‹S r H s àVrjm H aZo cJt& Á`m| hr CÝhm|Zo
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gd©àW‘ dh ‘Z‘m‹T nhþ±Mt& CZHo n{V Ho {‘Ì lr.MmÌo ‘Z‘m‹T ‘| ahVo
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C‚m¡Z JBª& C‚m¡Z ‘| BZ H {RZ n[apñW{V`m| ‘| 15 OwcmB© 1883 H mo ‘oao
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CZH s VoOmo‘` gwÝXa ‘wImH¥ {V Wr&
`h ~mV ñnîQ Zht h¡ {H CZHo ^mB© H m Or{dH mO©Z H m gmYZ Š`m Wm
naÝVw AmË‘ gå‘mZ go nyU© ‘oar XmXr Zo EH {dYdm ~hZ Am¡a CgHo nm±M
~ÀMm| H m ^ma CZ na Smc XoZo H mo AÀNm Zht g‘Pm& CZHo ^mB© Zo CZH m
n[aM` EH AJ§O o« Y‘© àMmaH lr.{dëHo go H am`m& lr.{dëHo BÝXma¡ ‘| ahVo Wo
Ama¡ C‚mZ¡ Ho nS‹ mgo ‘| pñWV BÝXma¡ eha Ho Bg © mB© {‘eZ Ho d[aîR A{YH mar W&o
CZH s H hmZr gwZH a CZHo ^mB© go cå~o n[aM` Ho H maU lr.{dëHo Zo
‘oar XmXr H s ghm`Vm Ho ê n CÝh| ~mB~b ‘{hcm (Bible Woman) H s
Zm¡H ar Xo Xr& Bg Zm¡H ar H m AW© ò Wm {H CÝh| BÝXm¡a Ho Amg-nmg Xya-
XamO Ho Jm±dm| ‘| ahZo dmco B©gmB©`m| Ho Kam| ‘| OmH a CÝh| ^r ~mB~c H s
21
à{V`m± ~oMZr hmoVr Wr, {Oggo CÝh| H ‘reZ {‘cVr Wr& ~Vm`m OmVm h¡ {H
EH ~mB~c ~oMZo H s CÝh| Mma AmZo (Mm¡WmB© én`m) H ‘reZ H s noeH e H s
JB©& EH AÝ` gw{dYm Omo CÝh| Xr JB© dh Wr MM© Ho AhmVo ‘| hr ahZo Ho {cE
{Z:ewëH {Zdmg ñWmZ CÝh| {X`m J`m& gIw ~mB© ‘ycV: AmemdmXr Wr& `Ú{n
~mB~c ‘{hcm Ho ê n ‘| hmoZo dmcr Am` CÝh| ~hþV H ‘ àVrV hþB© {’ a ^r
CÝhm|Zo ò Zm¡H ar ñdrH ma H a cr& ñdm{^‘mZr hmoZo Ho H maU do {H gr na ~moP
Z ~ZZm MmhVr Wt& CZHo nmg AnZo JhZo ^r Wo {OÝh| do g‘`-g‘` na
~oMVr aht&
Eogr pñW{V H mo ñdrH ma H aZo H m AW© AnZr OrdZ e¡cr go g‘Pm¡Vm
H aZm Wm, O¡go EH emgH H s nËZr hmoZo Ho H maU AnZo emhr Am¡a J[a‘m‘`
OrdZ H m Ë`mJ H aZm& ^ì` ^dZm|§ ‘| ahZo H s AmXr, CÝh| EH H ‘ao H s Mmc
‘| ahZo Ho {cE {dde hmoZm n‹S m& dV©‘mZ OrdZ H s dmñV{dH Vm H m CÝh| kmZ
Wm, Bg{cE AnZr nyd© emZm|-em¡H V H mo CÝhm|Zo {X‘mJ go {ZH mc {X`m&
~mB~c ‘{hcm Ho ê n ‘| CÝh| ñWmZ-ñWmZ na OmZm hmoVm Wm& Š`m|{H
AÝ` g^r ~ÀMm| Zo nmRemcm OmZm hmoVm Wm Bg{cE ‘oao ZÝh| {nVm H s
XoI^mc H aZo dmcm H moB© Z Wm& O~-O~ ^r CÝh| BÝXm¡a go ~mha Xya-XamO
Ho Jm±dm| ‘| OmZm hmoVm Vmo do ‘oao {nVm H mo AnZo ^mB© Ho nmg Nmo‹S H a OmVt `m
aoUwH m ~mB© Ho nmg& Bg Vah go CÝhm|Zo Z`m OrdZ Amaå^ {H `m& ~mB~c
{dH« ` go hmoZo dmcr Am` A{Z`{‘V Wr Am¡a ~hþV hr H ‘ Wr& naÝVw CÝhm|Zo
AnZo ~ÀMm| H mo CncãY gmYZm| ‘| hr AË`ÝV {‘Vì``Vm Ed§ H RmoaVm nyd©H
ahZm {gIm`m& lr‘mVmOr ^r AË`ÝV {‘Vì``r Ed§ gmXr h¢& do nQar na gmo
gH Vr h¢ `m O§Jcm| ‘| ah gH Vr h¢ naÝVw AÝ` g^r cmoJm| H s gwI gw{dYm H s
do h‘oem {MÝVm H aVr h¢& ‘oao ~‹S o MmMm gmocmo‘Z AnZr ‘m± H s ‘wgr~Vm| H mo
AZw^d H a aho Wo& CZHo gm‘Zo emZXma {dÛVm nyU© ^{dî` Wm Omo CÝh|
AË`ÝV g’ c OrdZ àXmZ H aVm& naÝVw AnZm ^{dî` ~ZmZo ‘| cJm ahZm
AnZr ‘m± Ho H îQm| VWm g§Kf© Ho à{V Am±I| ~ÝX H aZm hmoVm& CZH m M[aÌ
Eogm Z Wm& CZHo gå‘wI AnZr n‹T mB© Nmo‹S H a ‘m± H s ghm`Vm H aZo H m
{dH ën Wm Am¡a CÝhm|Zo Eogm hr {H `m&
22
EH {XZ gmhg H aHo CÝhm|Zo AnZm {ZU©` ‘m± H mo ~Vm {X`m&
{Oå‘oXmar H s CZH s JhZ g§doXZm H mo VWm n[adma H s {MÝVm H mo XoIH a
gIw ~mB© AË`ÝV à^m{dV hþBª& naÝVw Cg g‘` VH Š`m|{H do ‘¡{Q´ H ^r nmg
Z H a nmE Wo, gIw ~mB© Zo CÝh| n‹T mB© Nmo‹S Zo H m {ZU©` Z H aZo Ho {cE amμOr
H a {c`m, O~ VH do ‘¡{Q´ H nmg Zht H a coVo& CZHo ‘Z ‘| AnZo g^r ~ƒm|
H mo {ejm XoZo H s X¥‹T BÀNm Wr& naÝVw Bg BÀNm H mo nyU© H aZo Ho {cE CZHo
nmg gmYZ Z Wo& do OmZVr Wt {H CZHo gmao ~ÀMo AË`ÝV ~w{Õ‘mZ Ed§
hmoZhma h¢, Bg{cE do CÝh| {e{jV H aZm MmhVr Wt {deof ê n go AnZo
b‹S H m| H mo& {XZ ~rVVo JE naÝVw CZH s Am` gr{‘V ahr Am¡a IM} ~‹T Vo Mco
JE& CZH m g~go NmoQ m ~oQ m àgmX A^r ~‹T ahm Wm Am¡a CgH s AnZr
Amdí`H VmE§ Wt& Bg{cE `h Amdí`H hmo J`m {H gmocmo‘Z H moB© Eogr
Zm¡H ar H a co Ohm± dh AnZr n‹T mB© H mo ^r Mmcy aI gHo Am¡a Hw N YZ ^r
H ‘m co&
gIw ~mB© {‘eZ Ho AhmVo ‘| ahVr Wt Am¡a gXm AnZo ~ÀMm| Ho gmW MM©
OmVr Wt& EH a{ddma KÊQr ~OmZo dmcm Mnamgr Zht Am`m Am¡a nmXar
{H gr gwX¥‹T nwéf H mo ImoO ahm Wm Omo MM© H s NV na {demc KÊQr H mo ~Om
gHo & gmocmo‘Z Zo, Omo {H AË`ÝV VJ‹S o Wo, KÊQr ~OmZo H s noeH e H s Am¡a
CgZo BVZr c` nyd©H Am¡a nyU© epŠV go KÊQr ~OmB© {H Y‘© àMmaH
lr.{dëHo Zo nm±M énò Ho gwÝXa doVZ na ha a{ddma H mo MM© H m KÊQm ~OmZo
H s Zm¡H ar Cgo Xo Xr&
Bg àH ma gmocmo‘Z H m OrdZ Amaå^ hþAm& CgH m {ZñdmW© Am¡a
~{cXmZ‘` M[aÌ ^{dî` ‘| CZHo NmoQ o ^mB©-~hZm| Ho OrdZ H mo {Xem XoZo ‘|
AË`ÝV ghm`H hþAm& a{ddma H s Zm¡H ar CZHo {cE AË`ÝV Cn`wŠV
gm{~V hþB© Š`m|{H Bggo CgHo ñHy b H s n‹T mB© {cImB© na VWm n[adma H s
‘mZ-‘`mX©m na H mBo© Xîwà^md Z nS‹ Vm Wm Š`m{|H dh MM© H s gdom H a ahm Wm&
nm±M énò ‘hrZm H moB© ~hþV ~‹S m doVZ Z Wm naÝVw BgH m gIw ~mB© na
‘hËdnyU© AÝVa n‹S m Š`m|{H CZH s AnZr Am` AË`ÝV A{Z`{‘V Wr Am¡a
Bg ~mV na {Z^©a Wr {H do {H VZr ~mB~c ~oMVr h¢, naÝVw gmocmo‘Z H s Am`
23
{Z`{‘V Wr Am¡a {dídñV Wr& Bggo do H ‘ go H ‘ AnZm ‘hrZo H m ameZ Vmo
IarX gH Vr Wt§& ‘oar ‘m± Zo ‘wPo EH ~ma ~Vm`m Wm {H CÝZrgdt eVmãXr Ho
ApÝV‘ XeH ‘| Mmdc EH énò Ho Xg Hw Xd (gmV {H cmo) hmoVo Wo AWm©V²
EH énò ‘| Amn gmV {H cmo Mmdc IarX gH Vo Wo Am¡a Johÿ± EH énò H s
gmV CXd {‘cVr Wr& Bg àH ma Xmo énò ‘| nyao ‘hrZo Ho {cE Johÿ± Am¡a Mmdc
IarXo Om gH Vo Wo& AV: nm±M énò H s CZHo {cE ~hþV Ah{‘`V Wr Am¡a
BgZo CÝh| Am{W©H gwajm àXmZ H s& AnZo n{V Ho g‘` go hr do Bg Am{W©H
gwajm H s AmXr Wt& EH -EH H aHo AnZo JhZo Omo dmo ~Mo ahr Wt Hw N gr‘m
VH CZH m {~H Zm ^r éH J`m&
àgmX amd ^r ~‹S o hmo aho Wo Am¡a ~MnZ go hr AnZr ‘m± H s ghm`Vm
{H `m H aVo Wo& Mma df© H s Am`w ‘| Vmo do AnZo Ka Ho NmoQ o-NmoQ o H m`© H aZo
cJo Am¡a Bg àH ma do AnZr ‘m± Ho ghm`H ~Z JE& do CZHo gmW ~mha OmZo
H s {OμX H aVo {deof ê n go O~ do BÝXm¡a go ~mha OmVt& Amaå^ ‘| Vmo gIw
~mB© Zo CZHo gmW McZo na H moB© EVamμO Zht {H `m naÝVw Am`w Ho ~‹T Zo Ho
gmW-gmW CÝhm|Zo CÝh| Ka Ho NmoQ o-NmoQ o H m¶m] H s {Oå‘oXmar coZo Ho ~hmZo
go Ka na hr Nmo‹S Zm Amaå^ {H `m& dmñVd ‘| dmo MmhVr Wt {H àgmX amd
ñdVÝÌ Am¡a AmË‘{Z^©a ~Zo Š`m|{H `{X do CZ na {Z^©a ahVo Vmo `h CZHo
^{dî` Ho {cE AÀNm Z hmoVm& Bg Amapå^H {ejm Zo ‘oao {nVmOr Ho ^{dí`
Ho OrdZ ‘| ~hþV ‘hËdnyU© ^y{‘H m {Z^mB©&
AnZr ‘m± na CZHo AJmY {dídmg H s EH H hmZr ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ‘wPo
gwZmB© Wr& EH {XZ gmam n[adma g‘rn H s ZXr na NmoQ r gr {nH {ZH Ho {cE
J`m& ‘oao gmao MmMm Hw ec V¡amH Wo& ZXr ‘| Hy X H a do g~ V¡aZo cJo& ‘oao
{nVmOr Omo A^r Ho dc nm±M `m N: df© Ho Wo, ñdm^m{dH ê n go ZXr Ho
g‘rn OmZo go SaVo Wo Š`m|{H A^r CÝh| V¡aZm Z AmVm Wm& AnZo ~‹S o ^mB©`m|
Ho {dídmg {XcmZo Ho ~mdOXy ^r CÝhmZ|o nmZr Ho g‘rn AmZo H m gmhg Z {H `m&
CgHo AÝXa ^` H s ^mdZm XoIH a gIw ~mB© Zo Cgo H hm, "" AnZo
^mB`m| Ho gmW OmAmo Am¡a V¡aZm grImo&'' àgmX amd H mo Sy ~Zo H m ^` Z Wm
naÝVw CÝhm|Zo V¡aZo Ho {cE AnZr Ag‘W©Vm àH Q H s& gIw ~mB© ~hþV X¥‹T Wr
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo Cgo H hm {H "ZXr ‘| OmAmo' Am¡a Cgo {dídmg {Xcm`m {H CgHo
24
^mB© CgHo gmW h¢& CZHo {dídmg {XcmZo na, {Z:gÝXoh CZ‘| gmhg Am`m,
naÝVw gd©àW‘ CÝhm|Zo H ‘ Jhao nmZr ‘| OmZo H m hr gmhg {H `m Am¡a nmZr go
IocZo cJo& AMmZH CZHo ~‹S o ^mB© gmocmo‘Z Zo CÝh| CRm {c`m Am¡a ZXr H s
‘w»` Ymam ‘| co JE Am¡a dhm± CÝh| nmZr ‘| Nmo‹S {X`m& àgmX amd nmZr Ho ZrMo
Mco JE Am¡a hdm H s H ‘r Ho H maU CZH s gm±g éH Zo cJr, naÝVw CZH s ‘m±
Ho {XcmE JE {dídmg, CZHo AnZo gmhg Am¡a OrZo H s ñdm^m{dH BÀNm Zo
Amcñ` H mo ^Jm {X`m Am¡a do hmW-n¡a ‘maZo cJo& nmZr ‘| O~ do D na AmE
Vmo h¡amZr go CÝhm|Zo XoIm {H CZHo ^mB© ZXr H s Ymam ‘| Hw N Xyar na I‹S o hþE
Wo& {H Zmao na I‹S r gIw ~mB© Zo CZgo H hm {H AnZm nyam Omoa cJmH a dh
V¡aZo H m à`ËZ H ao& ‘m± Ho ò eãX CZHo {cE àoaUm H m òmoV Wo Am¡a AnZo
^mB©`m| H s e¡cr ‘| hr do AnZo ~mOy Am¡a Qm§J| nmZr ‘| McmZo cJo& Bg àH ma
CÝh| V¡amH s H m nhcm nmR {‘cm& ~mX ‘| do {dOoVm V¡amH ~Zo&
V¡amH s CZHo {cE EH Zem ~Z JB©& AnZo Amn dmo Mco OmVo, ‘m¡H m
{‘cVo hr ZXr na nhþ±M OmVo& `hm± VH {H ñZmZ Ho {cE ^r dmo ZXr na Mco
OmVo& naÝVw gIw ~mB© CÝh| MoVmdZr XoVr {H {H gr ^r MrμO H s CÝh| cV Zht
n‹S Zr Mm{hE& H ht Eogm Z hmo {H do Cg AmXV Ho Xmg ~Z OmE§&
gIw ~mB© H s {ejm Eogr Wr& BgHo n[aUm‘ ñdê n CZHo g^r ~ÀMo
ñdV§Ì Wo naÝVw CÝhm|Zo H ^r ^r AZwemgZ H s ‘`m©XmE§ Zht cm§Kr Am¡a Z hr
gIw ~mB© H s Xr hþB© {ejm H m C„§KZ {H `m& gIw ~mB© Zo CÝh| AÝ`m` go
c‹S Zm {gIm`m Mmho dmo {H gr ^r àH ma H m hmo& CZH m X¥‹T {dídmg Wm {H
AÝ`m` H mo ghZ H aZm H màVm h¡ Am¡a dmo Zht MmhVr Wt {H CZHo ~ÀMo
H mà ~Z|& AnZo ~ÀMm| H mo CÝhm|Zo B©‘mZXmar H m ‘yë` {gIm`m& CÝhm|Zo AnZo
~ÀMm| H mo ~Vm`m {H AQc B©‘mZXmar na‘-{Z`‘ h¡, àmg§{JH -{Z`‘
(Relative Term) Zht& ì`pŠV `m Vmo nyU©V: B©‘mZXma hmo gH Vm h¡ `m nyU©V:
~oB©‘mZ& CÝhm|Zo ~Vm`m {H B©‘mZXmar CÝh| ~hmXwa Am¡a gmh{gH ~ZmEJr Am¡a
AmË‘{dídmg Ho gmW H {RZmB`m| H m gm‘Zm H aZo H s epŠV àXmZ H aoJr&
B©‘mZXmar Ho ‘m‘co ‘| gIw ~mB© Zo H ^r g‘Pm¡Vm Zht {H `m& do gXm H hVr
Wt {H ~oB©‘mZ hmoZm g~go ~‹S m nmn h¡& CZH s ò {ejm CZHo g^r ~ÀMm| Ho
‘pñVîH na nyU©V: A§{H V hmo JB©& ^`§H a Jar~r ‘| {Og àH ma dmo OrdZ
25
{~Vm ahr Wt Bg àH ma H s {ejm CZHo ~ƒm| H m M[aÌ ~ZmZo ‘| ~hþV ‘hËdnyU©
Wr&
Hw emJ«Vm, B©‘mZXmar, H m`© Ho à{V g‘n©U, AÝ`m` go c‹S Zo Ho {cE
gX¡d V¡`ma ahZm Am¡a ‘mZdr` J[a‘m H m gå‘mZ, g^r ~ÀMm| Ho Mm[a{ÌH
JwU ~Z JE& g^r ~ÀMo AË`ÝV ào‘‘` Ed§ AmkmH mar ^r Wo& àgmX amd Ho
{cE CZH s ‘m± Z Ho dc AmXe© Wt naÝVw CZHo {cE àoaUm H m òmoV ^r Wt& Omo
^r Hw N dmo H hVr Wt `m {Og ^r ~mV H s do gcmh XoVr Wt dh CZHo {cE
Ac§KZr` Wr&
g‘` ~rVVm J`m, àgmX amd {‘eZ ñHy b ‘| OmZo cJo& Amapå^H {XZm|
go hr ñHy b ‘| {dÚmWu Ho ê n ‘| do AnZr `mo½`Vm Xem©Zo cJo Wo& do Ho dc
H jm ‘| àW‘ hr Zht AmVo Wo, dmñVd ‘| AÝ` ~ÀMm| go ~hþV AmJo Wo Am¡a
CÀM H jmAm| ‘| n‹T mE OmZo dmco {df`m| na A{YH ma nyd©H ~mV-MrV H aVo&
do AV¥ß` nmRH Wo Am¡a CZH s ñ‘aU epŠV AË`ÝV Vrd« Wr& do JhZ
~mar{H `m| ‘| OmVo Am¡a {df` H m gmaVËd CZgo Z ~M nmVm& lr‘mVmOr ‘| ^r
ò {d{eîQ JwU h¢& CÝhm|Zo {df` Ho ê n ‘| H ^r {hÝXr `m A§J«oOr Zht n‹T r&
naÝVw AnZr n‹T Zo H s AmXV Ho H maU CÝhm|Zo XmoZm| hr ^mfmAm| na {ZnwUVm
àmá H a cr h¡& CZ‘| ^r Vrd« ñ‘aU epŠV h¡ Am¡a JhZ {MÝVZ epŠV h¡&
dmñVd ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr ñd`§ AnZo Jwé Wo Am¡a CÝh| AnZr n‹T mB© {cImB©
‘| {H gr AÝ` go ghm`Vm H s Amdí`H Vm Z Wr& {Og àH ma Iocm| ‘| CZH s
é{M Wr d¡go hr n‹T mB© {cImB© ‘| ^r CZH s {XcMñnr Wr& {df` ‘| CZH s
gyP-~yP BVZr AÀNr Wr {H do Z Ho dc AnZo ghnm{R`m| H s H {RZmB© ‘|
ghm`Vm H aVo naÝVw AnZo go CÀM H jmAm| Ho cS‹ H m| H s ^r do ghm`Vm H aV&o
naÝVw CZH s {ejm àmá H aZo ‘| ~hþV gr g‘ñ`mE§ Ed§ H {RZmB©`m± ^r
Wt& g~go ~‹S r g‘ñ`m n[adma H s Jar~r Wr& {‘År H m Voc Š`m|{H ~hþV
‘h±Jm Wm `m, CÝhm|Zo Eogm g‘Pm, amV H mo n‹T mB© Ho {cE Xoa VH c¡ån OcmZo
H m IM© CRmZo H m gm‘Ï`© CZ‘o§ Z Wm& n[aUm‘ ñdê n am{Ì H mo Zm¡ ~Oo Ho
~mX do ~mha OmVo Am¡a Jcr Ho c¡ån Ho àH me ‘| AnZr n‹T mB© H aVo& {Z`‘ Ho
AZwgma amV H mo ImZo Ho níMmV² Ka H s ~{Îm`m§ ~wPm Xr OmVr Wt& Bg{cE
26
àgmX amd H mo `m Vmo Jcr Ho c¡ån Ho ZrMo OmZm n‹S Vm `m {H gr {‘Ì Ho `hm±
Omo {‘År Ho Voc Ho Eoíd`© H m IM© dhZ H a nmVm Wm&
‘wPo `mX h¡ {H EH ~ma do Jcr Ho c¡ån Ho ZrMo ~¡R H a n‹T mB© H aZo H s
AnZr H hmZr AnZo ~ÀMm| H mo gwZm aho Wo& ‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© Zo CZgo nyN m {H CÝh|
BVZm A{YH n‹T Zo H s Amdí`H Vm hr Š`m| Wr, do Vmo AË`ÝV à{V^memcr
Wo& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H CÝh| n‹T Zm hr n‹T Zm Wm, BgHo A{V[aŠV CZHo nmg
H moB© {dH ën Z Wm Š`m|{H CÝh| NmÌd¥{Îm {‘cVr Wr {OgHo {cE Amdí`H
Wm {H do AnZr H jm ‘| Aìdc ah|& NmÌd¥{Îm H m g‘má hmo OmZm CZHo
n[adma Ho {cò hm{ZH a Wm Am¡a CÝh| `h ^` Wm {H Eogr pñW{V ‘| CÝh|
AnZr n‹T mB© Nmo‹S Zo na {dde hmoZm n‹S gH Vm h¡& {H gr ^r H s‘V na dmo Eogm
Z H aZm MmhVo Wo& Ho dc AnZr à{V^m Am¡a kmZ Ho à{V Ý`m` H aZo Ho {cE
hr Zht, naÝVw Bg{cE ^r do n‹T Zm MmhVo Wo {H dmo Bg ~mV Ho {cE {dídñV
H a gH| {H n[adma Ûmam {H ò Jò ~{cXmZ, {deof ê n go gIw ~mB© VWm
CZHo ~‹S o ^mB© Ûmam {H ò Jò ~{cXmZ ì`W© Z Mco Om`|& Bg{cE H ^r CÝhm|Zo
AnZr n‹T mB© Ho ‘m‘co ‘| g‘PmV¡m Zht {H `m, VWm Bg{cE Nw {Å`m| ‘| ^r do nT‹ mB©
‘| cJo ahVo W&o
Bg àH ma n[adma H Rmoa n[apñW{V`m| ‘| OrdZ`mnZ H aVm ahm Am¡a
àgmX amd df© Ho ~mX df© AnZr H jm ‘| Aìdc AmVo aho& CZHo ~‹S o ^mB©
So {dS Am¡a So {dS go ~‹S o emÝVdZ Zo ^r AnZr n‹T mB© Mmcy aIr& naÝVw
gmocmo‘Z H mo ‘¡{Q´ H Ho ~mX AnZr n‹T mB© Nmo‹S Zr n‹S r Am¡a Hw N NmoQ r
Amapå^H Zm¡H [a`m| Ho níMmV² qNXdm‹S m Ho So {Z`cgZ (Danielson) {‘Sc
ñHy b ‘| CÝh| AÜ`mnH H m nX àmá hmo J`m& gå‘mZZr` gr.Sr.OmYd
(C.D.Jadhava), Omo ‘oao {nVmOr H s Xygar ~hZ emÝVm~mB© go {ddm{hV Wo,
qNXdm‹S m cyWo[a`Z MM© Ho à{V^mar Wo Am¡a CZH m qNXdm‹S m Ho {‘eZ[a`m| na
H m’ s à^md Wm& dh D ±Mo XO} Ho H {d Wo Am¡a {hÝXr ‘| ÔZ VWm {håg
(Hymns) {cIm H aVo Wo {OÝh| {hÝXr MMm] ‘| Jm`m OmVm Wm& gå‘mZZr`
OmYd Zo gmocmo‘Z MmMm H mo {cIm {H So {Z`c gZ² {‘Sc ñHy b ‘| EH nX
Imcr h¡ Am¡a dmo `mo½` Cå‘rXdma ImoO aho h¢& Amaå^ ‘| gmocmo‘Z H mo
AÜ`mnH Ho nX Ho {cE MwZm J`m Am¡a ~mX ‘| ñHy b H m ‘w»`mÜ`mnH ~Zm
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{X`m J`m& doVZ ~hþV A{YH Z Wm naÝVw ò {ZpíMV Am` Wr Am¡a gIw ~mB©
Ho {cò `h ~hþV ~‹S r ghm`Vm gm{~V hþB©& gmocmo‘Z ha ‘hrZo AnZo IM}
KQmH a AË`ÝV {‘Vì``Vm nyd©H OrdZ `mnZ H aVo hþE AnZr ‘m± H mo n¡go
ôOVo& NmoQ o ^mB©`m| na CgH m ~hþV AÀNm à^md n‹S m& Hw N dfm] Ho níMmV²
emÝVdZ amd Zo ^r ‘¡{Q´ H H s narjm nmg H a cr Am¡a CÝh| ^r Cgr ñHy b ‘|
EH nX Xo {X`m J`m {Ogo CÝhm|Zo ñdrH ma H a {c`m&
gmocmo‘Z H m {ddmh {edm§Vr~mB© g§gmao (Shevanti Bai Saunsare) go hmo
J`m& Hw N g‘` níMmV² emÝVdZ amd H m ^r {ddmh hmo J`m& CÝhm|Zo
{edm§Vr~mB© H s NmoQ r ~hZ ào‘m~mB© g§gmao go {ddmh {H `m& naÝVw ‘oao {nVmOr
àgmXamd Am¡a CZHo ~‹S o ^mB© So {dS Zo AnZr {ejm H mo BÝXm¡a ‘| Mmcy aIm&
CÀM {ejm àmá H aZo Ho {cE do B§Xm¡a Mco Jò Wo& AnZo ^mB©`m| go {‘cZo Ho
{cE àm`: do qNXdm‹S m Om`m H aVo Wo& nañna gå‘mZ d ào‘ H m ~ÝYZ Bg
n[adma H m ‘hËdnyU© JwU Wm& gmëdo nm[adm[aH d¥j Ho {dH mg ‘| Bg JwU H s
‘hËdnyU© ^y{‘H m ahr&
g^r ^mB© ~hþV AÀNo pIbm‹S r Wo& VWm g^r {H« Ho Q, hm°H s VWm AÝ`
Ioc Iocm H aVo Wo& Vrgao Zå~a Ho ^mB© So {dS A^r hmB©ñHy b Ho {dÚmWu Wo
Vmo CÝh| B§Xm¡a Ho {Ocm{YH mar Zo hm°H s IocVo hþE XoIm& hm°H s IocVo hþE So {dS
H s `mo½`Vm Am¡a MwñVr go nw{cg gwn[aQ|S| Q ~hþV à^m{dV hþE& CÝhm|Zo So {dS
go nyN m {H Š`m dh nw{cg {d^mJ ‘| em{‘c hmoZm Mmh|Jo& AË`ÝV hf© nyd©H
So {dS Zo `h àñVmd ñdrH ma {H `m Am¡a Cgo AJco {XZ XâVa AmH a
gwn[aQ|S| Q nw{cg go {‘cZo Ho {cE H hm J`m&
CgH s A{^é{M VWm kmZ H s narjm coZo Ho {cE nw{cg gwn[aQ|S| Q Zo
Cgo nw{cg Smàr n‹T Zo Ho {cE H hm& {Z`‘ Ho AZwgma nw{cg Smàr H s
{cImdQ ~o‹T ~r hmoVr h¡ {Ogo AmgmZr go g‘Pm Zht Om gH Vm& H hm OmVm h¡
{H H B© ~ma Vmo {cIZo dmcm ^r AnZr {cImdQ H mo Zht g‘P nmVm& naÝVw
MmMm So {dS, O¡gm ‘wPo `mX h¡, Z Ho dc AnZr Hw emJ« ~w{Õ Am¡a hm{OμaOdm~r
Ho H maU {d»`mV Wo, CÝhm|Zo Smàr H mo Bg àH ma n‹T Zm ewé {H `m ‘mZmo
CgH m EH -EH eãX dmo OmZVo hm|& Omo ^r Hw N dmo g‘P nmE Cgo CÝhm|Zo
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AnZo eãXm| ‘o§ H h Smcm& n[aUm‘ñdê n dmo Smàr H mo àdmh ‘| n‹T nmE&
gwn[aQ|S| Q BVZo à^m{dV hþE {H VwaÝV CÝhm|Zo So {dS H mo nw{cg A’ ga H s
Zm¡H ar H s noeH e H a Xr& ‘oao {nVmOr gX¡d ‘oar {dZmoXercVm H s VwcZm
MmMm So {dS go {H `m H aVo Wo Š`m|{H CZH s Vah go ‘wP‘| ^r Z Ho dc {dZmoX
àd¥{Îm h¡ ~pëH AnZo ^mB©-~hZm| Ho gmW ì`dhm[aH ‘μOmH m| Ho {cE ^r ‘¢
à{gÕ hÿ±& lr‘mVmOr ^r AË`ÝV {dZmoX {à` h¢ Am¡a {ddmh Ho níMmV² ^r
AË`ÝV H¥ nm nyd©H do ‘oao {‘Ìm| H mo AnZr gyú‘ {dZmoXercVm Ûmam h±gm`m
H aVr Wt& ‘¢Zo H ^r CÝh| {H gr go ZmamμO hmoVo hþE Zht XoIm& hmc hr ‘| O~
CÝhm|Zo nwñVH {cIr, Omo {H npíM‘r cmoJm| Ho {cE AË`ÝV JhZ Ed§ H {RZ
h¡, Bgo ^r CÝhm|Zo BVZr {dZmoXercVm nyd©H {cIm h¡ {H Amn Cgo Nmo‹S Zht
nmVo&
BZ {XZm| g~go ~‹S o ^mB© gmocmo‘Z MmMm H mo qNXdm‹S m Ho {ejUmc` ‘|
Y‘© {dkmZ n‹T mZo H m H m`© Xo {X`m J`m Wm, Š`m|{H CÝh| Y‘© H m JhZ kmZ
Wm& ~mX ‘| emÝVdZ MmMm Cg {‘Sc ñHy b Ho ‘w»`mÜ`mnH Ho ê n ‘|
CÎmam{YH mar ~Zo& Bgr Xm¡amZ ‘oao {nVmOr Zo {H« píM`Z H m°coO BÝXm¡a go
ñZmVH narjm nmg H a cr& `h H m°coO H cH Îmm {díd{dÚmc` go Ow‹S m hþAm
Wm& {ejm H mc ‘| dmo H m‘ ^r H aVo Wo& ‘wPo `mX h¡ EH ~ma CÝhm|Zo AnZr
{ejmH mc H s EH KQZm gwZmB© Wr& NmÌd¥{Îm VWm Q² `yeZ Ho n¡go, Omo CÝh|
{‘cVo Wo, Cg‘| go CÝhm|Zo Xg énò ~MmE& AÀNo OyVm| H m CÝh| ~hþV em¡H
Wm& CÝhm|Zo AmR énò Ho ‘±hJo OyVo IarXo& ZE OyVo àmá H aHo CÝh| ~hþV
àgÝZVm hþB© Am¡a AnZr Bg Iwer H mo do n[adma Ho gmW ~m±Q Zm MmhVo Wo& do
O~ Ka nhþ±Mo Vmo CZH s ‘m± Zo CZH m ñdmJV {H `m Am¡a CZgo nyN m {H Cg
{Sã~o ‘| Š`m h¡ {Ogo do AnZo hmWm| ‘| H gH a nH ‹S o hþE h¢? Jd© nyd©H CÝhm|Zo
AnZr ‘m± H mo ~Vm`m {H AnZr ~MV go CÝhm|Zo OyVo IarXo h¢& ‘m± go do gamhZm
H s Amem H a aho Wo& H Rmoa AZwemgZ Ed§ {ddoH H s à{V‘y{V©, O¡go dmo Wt,
CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go H hm {H ò OyVo dm{ng H a X| Š`m|{H AÝ` g^r ^mB©
Mßnc Am¡a pñcßna nhZo hþE Wo& BZ hmcmV ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H m OyVo nhZZm
RrH Z hmoJm& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo Bgr ‘| {ddoH XoIm Am¡a VwaÝV OyVo XwH mZXma H mo
cm¡Q mH a Xg énò AnZr ‘m± H mo Xo {XE Am¡a CgHo níMmV² ñZmVH narjm
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nmg H aZo VH CÝhm|Zo H ^r OyVo Zht IarXo& gIw~mB© Ho {ddoH Ho à{V CZHo
öX` ‘| BVZm gå‘mZ Wm {H BgZo CZHo öX` ‘| ~{cXmZ H s ^mdZm H mo OÝ‘
{X`m& ñHy b VWm H m°coO Ho {XZm| ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Ho Eogo ~hþV go {‘Ì Wo Omo
gX¡d CZH s ghm`Vm Ho {cE V¡`ma hmoVo& BZ {‘Ìm| ‘| go EH H m Zm‘ do
{deofê n go {c`m H aVo Wo& CZH m Zm‘ Oc (Jal) Wm& Y‘© go do μOmoampñQ´ `Z
Wo Am¡a d¡^demcr n[adma go gå~pÝYV Wo& AnZr ‘m± H mo ò H hH a {H CÝh|
~hþV ^yI cJVr h¡, Oc Xmo ì`pŠV`m| H m ^moOZ cm`m H aVo Wo Vm{H ‘oao
{nVmOr Am¡a Oc, XmoZm| Bgo Im gH| & Oc H s ‘m± h‘oem h¡amZ hþAm H aVr Wr
{H {H g àH ma Cgo Xmonha Ho g‘` BVZr ^yI cJVr h¡ Am¡a amV Ho ImZo Ho
g‘` Zht cJVr& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo h‘| ~Vm`m {H Oc AnZr ‘m± go PyR ~mocVm
{H am{Ì H mo hëH m noQ hmoZo go dmo AÀNr n‹T mB© H a gHo Jm& dmo gXm AnZr ~Îmr
OcmH a gmVom Vm{H CgHo ‘mVm-{nVm `hr g‘P| {H dh nT‹ mB© H a ahm h&¡
B§Xm¡a {H« píM`Z H m°coO ‘| AnZr n‹T mB© Ho Xm¡amZ ‘oao {nVmOr Zo H B©
[aH mS© H m`‘ {H E& CZH s à{V^m H mo H m°coO Ho àYmZmMm`© lr.{dëHo Zo
‘mÝ`Vm Xr& (ò Sm°ŠQa {dëHo C‚m¡Z dmco Z hmoH a AÝ` ì`pŠV Wo) CÝhm|Zo
‘oao {nVmOr H mo gX¡d Am¡a ~ohVa H aZo Ho {cE CËgm{hV {H `m& CZHo {‘Ì
Oc BVZo A{YH {ddoH erc {dÚmWu Z Wo Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr Cgo n‹T m`m H aVo
Wo& H m°coO ‘| CZHo Hw N AÝ` {‘Ìm| ‘| lr.Sãë`y.Ama.nm¡am{UH , Omo ~mX ‘|
CÀMV‘ Ý`m`mc` Ho Ý`m`mYre ~Zo, lr.H mAmoao (Kaore) Am¡a lr.Jé‹S
(Mr.Garud) Omo ~mX ‘| ZmJnwa AmE Am¡a godmgXZ hmB© ñHy b Ho à{V^mar
~Zo& ~hþV df© níMmV² lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘¡{Q´ H H s narjm Bgr ñHy b go nmg H s&
{díd{dÚmc` Nmo‹S Zo Ho Xmo XeH m| Ho níMmV² lr.H mAmoao ‘oao {nVmOr go {‘cZo
Ho {cE AmE& do JwgcIμmZo ‘| JmZo Ho {cE à{gÕ Wo Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr h‘oem
‘μOmH ‘| CZgo nyN m H aVo Wo {H JwgcIμmZo H mo Vwåhmam g§JrV gwZZo H s
AmXV n‹S JB© h¡ `m Zht ?
ñZmVH H s n‹T mB© ‘| J{UV CZH m EH {df` Wm& naÝVw ~r‘ma n‹S OmZo
Ho H maU do narjm ‘| Z ~¡R gHo Am¡a ’o c hmo JE& AJco df© {df` ~XcH a
CÝhm|Zo J{UV Ho ñWmZ na g§ñH¥ V co cr& CÝh| cJm {H J{UV Vmo CÝh| ~hþV
AÀNm AmVm h¡, Š`m| Z g§ñH¥ V O¡gm Xygam {df` co {c`m OmE& d¡go Vmo do
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Nã~rg ^mfmE§ OmZVo Wo naÝVw Mm¡Xh ^mfmAm| na CZH m ñdm{‘Ëd Wm&
ñZmVH narjm nmg H aZo Ho ~mX ‘oao {nVmOr Zo H B© Zm¡H [a`m± {H {OZ‘| go
EH B§Xm¡a hmB© ñHy b ‘| AÜ`mnH H s Zm¡H ar Wr& CÝhm|Zo ‘{Unwar ’ éIm~mX
Am¡a Pm§gr, Omo A~ CÎma àXoe ‘| h¡, ‘| ^r Zm¡H [a`m± H s& AÝVV: do goÝQ
Om°Z ñHy b, AmJam ‘| AÜ`mnH ~Z JE& H m`© Ho {cE CÝhm|Zo AmJam H mo MwZm
Š`m|{H AmJam ‘| {d{Y ‘hm{dÚmc` (Law College) H s gw{dYm Wr Am¡a
{d{YdoÎmm (Lawyer) ~ZZo H s CZH s CËH Q BÀNm Wr&
df© 1906 ‘| CÝhm|Zo AnZo ‘m‘m lr.Jm`H dm‹S H s ~oQ r H éUm go {ddmh
{H `m& gån{V H mo J¡a hmWm| go ~MmZo Ho {cE Eogm H aZo H s ‘hmamîQ´ ‘| Am‘
àWm Wr& df© 1908 ‘| CZHo Ka àW‘ nwÌr H m OÝ‘ hþAm {OgH m Zm‘
CÝhm|Zo C{‘©cm aIm& AÜ`mnZ H m`© H aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H mZyZ n‹T m& `h XwîH a
H m`© Wm Š`m|{H H mZyZ H m {df` AË`ÝV {dñV¥V Am¡a Jå^ra Wm VWm CZH m
g‘`, Zm¡H ar Am¡a n‹T mB© ‘| ~§Q OmVm Wm& {d{Y ‘hm{dÚmc` AmJam, Omo {H
Bcmh~mX {díd{dÚmc` go gå~Õ Wm, CÝhm|Zo H mZyZ H s narjm nmg H s Am¡a
gmW-gmW AÜ`mnZ H m`© ^r Omar aIm&
J{‘©`m| ‘| nyam n[adma qNXdm‹S m EH Ì hmoVm& Eogr hr EH `mÌm ‘|
gmocmo‘Z MmMm Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo gcmh Xr {H do dht AmH a dH mcV H a|&
gmocmo‘Z MmMm H mo ‘oao {nVmOr go BVZm ào‘ Wm {H dmo Zht MmhVo Wo {H ‘oao
{nVmOr n[adma go Xya ah| Am¡a n[adma Ho A{YH Va gXñ` {H gr Z {H gr
H maUde qNXdm‹S m ñWmZm§V[aV hmo JE Wo& AÝVV: df© 1914 ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr
^r qNXdm‹S m ñWmZm§V[aV hmo JE& A~ VH CZHo VrZ Am¡a ~ÀMo hmo JE Wo,
{d‘cm, ApídZr Am¡a H ‘cm& CZHo Xmo ^mB© ~hZ {OZgo CÝh| ~hþV ào‘ Wm dmo
^r qNXdm‹S m Am MwHo Wo, Bg{cE qNXdm‹S m ñWmZm§V[aV hmoZo H m CÝh| ~hþV
AmH f©U Wm&
`h dh g‘` Wm O~ àW‘ {díd `wÕ {N‹S J`m Wm& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo CÝhr
{XZm| AnZr dH mcV Amaå^ H s Wr& ‘oao {nVmOr H s cmoH {à`Vm H mo XoIH a
qNXdm‹S m Ho {SßQr H ‘reZa Zo AZwamoY {H `m {H do ^Vu A{YH mar
(Recruiting Officer) H m nX ñdrH ma H a c|, Omo AÝVV: CÝhm|Zo ñdrH ma H a
{c`m& CÝh| nyao à‘ÊSc H m ^Vu A{YH mar {Z`wŠV {H `m J`m& Bg nX na
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CÝhm|Zo àW‘ {díd `wÕ Ho AÝV, df© 1918, VH H m`© {H `m& df© 1919 ‘|
^Vu A{YH mar Ho ê n ‘| CZH s emZXma godmAm| Ho BZm‘ Ho ê n ‘| CÝh|
""amd gm{h~'' H s Cnm{Y go gå‘m{ZV {H `m J`m& O~ qH J OmO© n§M‘
^maV AmE Vmo CZgo ^r CZH s ^|Q H admB© JB©& CZH s godmAm| H m gå‘mZ
H aVo hþE CÝh| A{V[aŠV ghm`H à‘ÊSc A{YH mar H m nX ^ma ñdrH ma
H aZo Ho {cE H hm J`m naÝVw BgHo {cE CÝhm|Zo BÝH ma H a {X`m Š`m|{H
Zm¡H ar H s Anojm AnZm ì`dgm` CZH s dar`Vm Wr&
H éUm~mB© AË`ÝV à{V^memcr ì`pŠV VWm gm‘m{OH H m`©H Vm© Wt&
{gcmB©-H ‹T mB© Ho H m¶m] ‘| do AË`ÝV Hw ec Wt& qNXdm‹S m ‘| EH ~ma
{gcmB©-H ‹T mB© àXe©Zr hþB©& Bg‘| CÝhm|Zo ^mJ {c`m Am¡a EH ~hþV gwÝXa
QmoH ar ~ZmZo Ho {cE àW‘ nwañH ma àmá {H `m& CZ {XZm| lr.So {Z`cgZ
E.L.C. qNXdm‹S m Ho ‘w»` nmXar ({~en) Wo Am¡a CZH s nwÌr lr‘Vr c¡‘Z
(Mrs.Lemmon) Am¡a H éUm~mB© àm¡‹T {ejm H s EH H jm McmVo Wo {Og‘|
~hþV gr ‘{hcmE§ {deof ê n go A§J«oOr grIZo AmVr Wt&
{díd `wÕ g‘má hmoZo Ho níMmV² ‘oao {nVmOr Zo qNXdm‹S m ‘| ’ m¡OμXmar
‘wH X‘m| H m H m`© nwZ: Amaå^ H a {X`m& Amaå^ ‘| am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX Ho
gmW CÝhm|Zo CZHo ghm`H Ho ê n ‘| H m`© {H `m& am`~hmXwa gwà{gÕ
’ m¡OXmar dH sc Wo Am¡a AnZr H mZyZr à{V^m Ho {cò OmZo OmVo Wo& CZHo
^wcŠH ‹S nZo Ho ~hþV go {H ñgo h¢, BZ‘| go EH ‘wPo ñnîQ `mX h¡&
CZ {XZm| AmOH c H s Vah go gaH ma Ho nmg ñWm`r gaH mar dH sc
Zht hþAm H aVo Wo& AmOH c Vmo gaH mar nj ‘| ~hg H aZo Ho {cE gaH mar
dH sc h¢, gaH mar A{^dŠVm h¢, gaH mar A{YdŠVm h¢ Am¡a ‘w»` A{YdŠVm
h¢, Am{X-Am{X& àW‘ {díd `wÕ Ho g‘` na amÁ` Ho {cE ‘wH X‘| H s n¡adr
H aZo Ho {cE gaH ma {H gr à{gÕ dH sc H mo H hm H aVr Wr&
am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX H s à{g{Õ Ho H maU gaH ma CÝh| ~hg H aZo
Ho {cE ~hþV go ‘wH X‘| {X`m H aVr Wr& àm`: do gaH ma Ho nj ‘| ‘wH X‘| c‹S m
H aVo Wo, naÝVw EH ~ma CÝhm|Zo EH Eogo ì`pŠV H m ‘wH X‘m ñdrH ma {H `m
{Og na H Ëc H m Amamon Wm& Bg ‘wH X‘| ‘| am`~hmXwa ‘Wawm àgmX H mo
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gaH ma Ho {déÕ à{Vajm dH sc Ho ê n ‘| ~hg H aZr Wr&
CZHo ^wcŠH ‹S nZ H m kmZ hmoZo Ho H maU ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ‘wH X‘| H s
noer H s àmV: CÝh| `mX {Xcdm`m {H AmO do BñVJmgm (Prosecution) H s
Va’ go Ý`m`mc` ‘| I‹S o Z hmoH a à{VdmXr (Defendent) H s Amoa go ~hg
H a|Jo& am`~hmXwa Zo O~ ~hg Amaå^ H s Vmo do ^yc Jò H s dmo à{Vajm dH sc
h¢ Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ~hg H mo Bg àH ma Amaå^ {H `m ‘mZmo do A{^`moOZ nj Ho
dH sc hm|&
‘oao {nVmOr Zo JcVr H mo ‘hgyg {H `m Am¡a `h `mX {XcmZo Ho {cE
AmO dmo à{VdmXr (Defendant) Ho dH sc h¢, CÝhm|Zo am`~hmXwa H m JmD Z
nH ‹S H a ItMm& naÝVw am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX V~ nyao ^md ‘| Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
‘oao {nVmOr Ho Bemao na H moB© Ü`mZ Zht {X`m& JmD Z ItMZo H m O~ H moB©
n[aUm‘ Z ZμOa Am`m Vmo CÝh| Hw N H hZo Ho {cE ‘oao {nVmOr CRo& am`~hmXwa
Zo CÝh| Sm±Q H a H hm {H ~¡R OmAmo, ‘oar ~hg ‘| ~mYm ‘V Smcmo& Ý`m`mYre
^r Xw{dYm ‘| n‹S J`m Wm Am¡a gd©Ì ^«‘ H s pñW{V ~Z JB© Wr& pñW{V H s
Jå^raVm H mo XoIVo hþE am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX Ho {damoY H s {~ëHw b {MÝVm
Z H aVo hþE ‘oao {nVmOr CZHo H mZ ‘| Omoa go ~wX~wXmE {H CÝh| à{VdmXr
(Defence) Ho nj ‘| ~hg H aZr h¡ A{^`moOZ (Prosecution) Ho nj ‘|
Zht& ‘Wwam àgmX H mo VwaÝV AnZr JcVr H m Ehgmg hþAm naÝVw MmoQ r Ho
dH sc hmoZo Ho ZmVo do AnZr JcVr H mo ñdrH ma Z H a gHo & AV: do Hw N jU
Ho {cE éHo Am¡a Hw ec OmXyJa H s Vah go CÝhm|Zo H hm, ""lr‘Z (My Lord)
A{^`moOZ nj Ho {cE ~hg H mo Bg àH ma ewé H aZm gdm}Îm‘ hmoVm `h ~mV
‘¢ XoI ahm hÿ±& A~ ‘wPo à{VdmXr Ho nj ‘| ~hg H aZo H s Amkm Xr OmE&''
AnZo ‘wdpŠH cm| go ’ sg CJmhZo ‘| ^r ‘Wwam àgmX AË`ÝV à{gÕ Wo&
CZHo A{YH Va ‘wdpŠH c AZn‹T J«m‘rU hmoVo Wo Omo CZH s gm‘mÝ` ’ sg
XoZo ‘| ^r AmZm H mZr H aVo Wo& AV: CÝhm|Zo ’ sg dgyc H aZo H m EH CÎm‘
Cnm` ImoO {ZH mcm& AnZr ‘oμO na do VrZ H c‘XmZ (Pen Holders) aIVo
Wo, EH cH ‹S r H m ~Zm hþAm, Xygam Mm±Xr H m ‘w„‘m M‹T m hþAm Am¡a Vrgao
gmoZo Ho ‘w„‘o dmcm& AnZo ‘wìd{H cm| H mo do H hVo {H `{X cH ‹S r Ho
H c‘XmZ go do àmW©Zm nÌ {cI|Jo Vmo CZH s ’ sg Xmo énò hmoJr, Mm±Xr dmco go
33
`{X do {cI|Jo Vmo ’ sg VrZ énò hmoJr Am¡a `{X gmoZo Ho ‘w„‘o dmcm H c‘
Cn`moJ H a|Jo Vmo ’ sg nm±M énò hmoJr& A~moY ^moco-^mco J«m‘rU nyN Vo H s
g~go AÀNm àmW©Zm nÌ H m¡Z gm hmoJm Am¡a do CÝh| H hVo {H `{X do gmoZo Ho
n¡Z go {cI|Jo Vmo ‘wdpŠH c Adí` OrVoJm& Bg àH ma dmo ha àmW©Zm nÌ Ho
{cE nm±M énò ’ sg dgycVo Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr O~ BZ JcV VarH m| H m {damoY
H aVo Vmo am`~hmXwa H hVo "ò AZw{MV Zht h¡& `h Vmo {~Zm ‘wdpŠH c go ‘m±Jo
nyar ’ sg dgycZo H m VarH m h¡¡&' Wmo‹S o g‘` ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Zo à{gÕ ’ m¡OXmar
dH sc Ho ê n ‘| ñd`§ H mo ñWm{nV H a {c`m& H m‘ Ho H maU CÝh| àm`:
ZmJnwa AmZm n‹S Vm Wm Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo EH H ma IarX cr& ZmJnwa ‘w»` ‘mJ©
na CÝhm|Zo AnZo {cE EH Ka ^r ~Zdm`m& `hr dh Ka h¡ Ohm± lr‘mVmOr H m
OÝ‘ hþAm&
df© 1919 ‘| H éUm ~mB© Jå^ra ê n go ~r‘ma hþBª& 27 AJñV, 1919
H mo CÝhm|Zo AnZo gmao gå~pÝY`m|, {‘Ìm| Ed§ OmZH mam| go {‘cZo H s BÀNm
àH Q H s& CÝh| Bg ~mV H s PcH {‘c JB© Wt {H dmo A~ ~hþV g‘` VH
Or{dV Z ah gH| Jr& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo g^r gå~pÝY`m|, {‘Ìm| Am¡a OmZH mam| H mo
gÝXoe {Ôdm`m Am¡a So ‹T gm¡ go ^r A{YH cmoJ CÝh| Ac{dXm H hZo Ho {cE
AmE& O~ am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX CÝh| XoIZo Ho {cE AmE Vmo CÝhm|Zo àmW©Zm
H s {H do CZHo n{V Am¡a ~ƒm| H m Ü`mZ aI|& 29 AJñV 1919 Ho {XZ
CÝhm|Zo dhm± CnpñWV g^r gå~pÝY`m| H mo H hm {H AmO dmo Bg ñWmZ go
àñWmZ H a|Jr& CÝhm|Zo g~go AZwamoY {H `m {H H moB© ^r amoE-{~cIoJm Zht
Š`m|{H Bggo CZHo àñWmZ ‘| {dcå~ hmoJm& VËníMmV² CÝhm|Zo AnZr XmBª
~mOy CRmH a AmH me H s Amoa VrZ C§J{c`m± CRmB§©& ~mX ‘| Bg KQZm H s
ì`m»`m Bg àH ma H s JB© {H CÝhm|Zo CÝh| coZo AmE VrZ XodXyVm| H mo XoIm Wm&
AnZo ApÝV‘ eãX Omo CÝhm|Zo ‘amRr ^mfm ‘|§ H ho, ""Xodm ‘cm Ko'' AWm©V ""
ho na‘mË‘m, ‘wPo ñdrH ma H amo&'' Am¡a V~ CÝhm|Zo àmU Ë`mJ {XE& CZH s
‘¥Ë`w go ‘oao {nVmOr H mo, ‘oao MmMmAm| H mo Am¡a Mm{M`m| H mo ~hþV gX‘m nhþ±Mm
Š`m|{H AnZo ào‘‘` ñd^md Ho H maU H éUm ~mB© g^r H mo ~hþV {à` Wr&
‘¥Ë`w Ho g‘` CZH s g~go ~‹S r ~oQ r C{‘©cm ½`mah df© H s Wr Am¡a CZH m
g~go NmoQ m ~oQ m Ho dc VrZ df© H m& AV: Ka ‘| EH Eogr ‘{hcm H m AmZm
34
Amdí`H Wm Omo ~ƒm| H s XoI^mc H a gHo & ApÝV‘ g§ñH ma Ho {cò Amò
‘oao MmMo-Mm{M`m± Hw N {XZ Vmo éHo naÝVw do cå~o g‘` VH Zht éH gH Vo
Wo Š`m|{H CZHo AnZo n[adma Wo {OZH s XoI^mc CÝh| H aZr Wr& CZ g~
cmoJm| Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo nwZ: {ddmh H aZo Ho {cE amOr H a {c`m&
ZÝXJm±d go gw lr.H moZu{c`m OmYd ZmJnwa AmB© Wr& ZÝXJm±d lrJm±d
H s Xod ZXr Ho Xygao VQ na pñWV Wm& H hm OmVm h¡ {H {edmOr H s ‘m±
‘mcmoOr amd Ho {nVm H mo Am¡a§JμOo~ Zo ~hþV gVm`m Wm& Bg{cE dh Am¡a
CgH m ~oQ m em{cdmhZm| H s ghm`Vm Ho {cE Amò& Am¡a§JμOo~ Xodr^ŠV
em{cdmhZm| go ~hþV K~amVm Wm Am¡a Bg{cE ‘mcmoOr Ho gm‘«mÁ` ‘| dmo H ^r
^r Zht Am`m& gmëdo H hcmZo dmco em{cdmhZm| Ho d§eOmo§ H s gwajm Ho {cE
dmo AmJo AmE&
gwlr H moZu{c`m OmYd Zo ’ ½¶w©gZ H m°coO (Ferguson College), nyZm
go J{UV Am°Zg© ‘| ñZmVH {SJ«r H s Am¡a goÝQ Cgw©cm hmB© ñHy b (Ursula
High School, Nagpur) ‘| ‘w»ÀÜ`m{nH m H m nX coZo Ho {cE ZmJnwa AmBª&
do a¢Jca nam§Ono (Wrangler Paranjpe) H s {dÚmWu Wt& dmñVd ‘| CZ {XZm|
‘| do CZH s EH ‘mÌ ‘{hcm {dÚmWu Wt& H moZu{c`m ~mB©, {Og Zm‘ go CÝh|
gmao OmZZo dmco nwH maVo Wo, H m OÝ‘ 20 {Xgå~a 1892 H mo, amhþar Ho
{ZH Q ZÝXJm±d ‘| hþAm& ò Jm±d {edmOr Ho XmXmOr Am¡a CZHo ~oQ o (OmYd)
H mo em{cdmhZm| Zo AmZÝX coZo Ho {cE {X`m Wm& (ZÝX) AWm©V² AmZÝX coZm&
Ah‘X ZJa ‘| CZHo {nVmOr nwñVH mc` AÜ`j (Librarian) Ho nX na
AmgrZ Wo& Ah‘X ZJa ‘| AnZr àmapå^H {ejm àmá H aZo Ho níMmV²
H moZu{c`m ñZmVH H s {SJ«r àmá H aZo Ho {cE nyZm AmB©& n[adma Ho g^r
gXñ`m| Ho {damoY Ho ~mdOyX ^r CÝhm|Zo ò H m`© {H `m& n[adma Ho g^r gXñ`
Bg ~mV go {MpÝVV Wo {H do AHo cr ‘{hcm {dÚmWu Wt Am¡a ~‹S o eha Ho
OrdZ Ho Vm¡a VarH m| go ^r n[a{MV Z Wt& naÝVw H moZu{c`m ~mB© AnZo BamXm|
‘| X¥‹T Wt Am¡a gmao {damoYm| Ho ~mX ^r CÝhm|Zo ‘hm{dÚmc` ‘| àdoe {c`m& CZ
{XZm| c‹S {H `m± àm`: ‘¡{Q´ H go AmJo Zht n‹T m H aVr Wt Am¡a n[aUm‘ ñdê n
CÝh| AnZo n[adma Ho gXñ`m| VWm g‘mO Ho {damoY H m gm‘Zm H aZm n‹S m&
J{UV ‘| ñZmVH ~ZZo H s CZH s BÀNm BVZr X¥‹T Wr {H gmao {damoY H m
35
‘wH m~cm H aHo ^r, Mmho {damoY {OVZm ^r epŠVemcr hmo, CÝhm|Zo AnZr
BÀNm H mo H m`m©pÝdV H aZo H m {ZíM` {H `m& H moZu{c`m ~mB© à{V^mdmZ
{ejm{dX² Wt& J{UV ‘| CZH m {deof PwH md Wm& ^maVr` J{UV na CZH m
nyU© A{YH ma Wm Am¡a ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H EH ~ma CÝhm|Zo OJV Jwé e§H amMm`©
(^maVr` J{UV Ho coIH m| ‘| go EH ) H mo CZHo Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {gÕmÝV Ho
AmYma na MwZm¡Vr Xr Wr Am¡a g’ cVmnyd©H CZHo {gÕmÝV H s ‘yc μJcVr H m
{dídmg {Xcm`m Wm& g§ñH¥ V na CÝh| à^wËd àmá Wm& CÝhm|Zo h‘| ~Vm`m {H
nmBWmJmoag Ho Á`mo{‘{V {gÕmÝV H m kmZ ^maV ‘| ~hþV àmMrZ g‘` go Wm&
do gñ§H¥ V ^mfm H s ^r {dÕmZ Wr Ama¡ ^maVr` àmMrZ gñ§H¥ {V ‘| ^r nmaJ§V Wt&
H Rmoa AZwemgZ ‘| CZHo {nVm Zo CZH m nmcZ nmofU {H `m Bg{cE
CZH s AmXV| nyU©V: Ìw{QhrZ Wr& ñdÀNVm CÝh| ~hþV ngÝX Wt Am¡a `h ~mX
‘| CZHo Am¡a CZHo ~ÀMm| ‘|, {deof ê n go ‘wP‘|, {ddmX H m H maU ~Zt& do
AË`ÝV naånamdmXr Wr Am¡a AmXVZ AË`ÝV {‘Vì``r Wt, naÝVw AnZo
AmXem] ‘| AË`ÝV CXma ‘pñVîH Wt& AnZr naånamdmXr {‘Vì``r AmXVm|
H s H hm{Z`m± do h‘| gwZm`m H aVr Wt& EH Eogo hr {H ñgo H m ‘¢ `hm± dU©Z H a
ahm hÿ±& goÝQ Cgy©cm {dÚmc` H s ‘w»`mÜ`m{nH m Ho nX na O~ dmo ZmJnwa
AmBª Vmo CÝh| 125 énò à{V‘mh H m emZXma doVZ nyU© ê noU gOm-YOm
~§Jcm Am¡a CZH s godm Ho {cE EH Zm¡H a XoZm V` hþAm& nhco ‘hrZo H m doVZ
O~ CÝh| {‘cm Vmo do à~§YH m| Ho nmg JBª Am¡a AnZo doVZ ‘| go gm¡ énò cm¡Q m
{XE, BgH m H maU ~VmVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H hm, {H CZHo ^moOZ VWm AÝ`
Amdí`H VmAm| H m IM© Vmo nÀMrg énò ‘| hr Mc OmEJm& ñHy b à~ÝYH
{Z:gÝXoh h¡amZ hmo JE Am¡a CZH s Bg gX²^mdZm H mo CÝhm|Zo ~hþV gamhm&
naÝVw CÝh| doVZ ñdrH ma H aZo Ho {cE gh‘V H a {c`m J`m Š`m|{H CZHo
doVZ H s H ‘r Zo ñHy b Ho nyao ñQm’ Ho doVZ Ho Tm±Mo H mo Smdm±S moc H a {X`m
hmoVm& CZH s nmaån[aH AmXV|, CZHo ~ÀMm| H m M[aÌ ~ZmZo ‘| ~hþV H maJa
gm{~V hþBª& B©‘mZXmar Am¡a ñnîQVm H m {ddoH CZHo JwUm| ‘| go EH Wm&
na‘mË‘m na nyU© {dídmg Ho H maU do B©‘mZXma Wt Am¡a {ZSa hmoZo Ho H maU do
AË`ÝV ñnîQdmXr Wt& do Zht MmhVr Wt {H {H gr àH ma H m ^r njnmV
Xem©`m OmE `m ñdrH ma {H `m OmE&
36
‘oar EH MmMr Ho ~hþV A{YH AZwamoY na ‘oao {nVmOr Zo nwZ{d©dmh H aZo
H m {ZU©` {H `m& gm‘y{hH {‘Ìm| Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go lr.OmYd H mo {ddmh àñVmd
ôOm J`m& lr.OmYd godm {Zd¥{Îm Ho níMmV² ZmJnwa ‘| AnZr ~oQ r Ho nmg
ahZo Ho {cE Am JE Wo& Bggo nyd© H moZu{c`m ~mBª H m {ddmh Z hmo nm`m Wm
Š`m|{H dmo BVZr n‹T r {cIr Wt {H B©gmB©`m| ‘| H moB© ^r c‹S H m CZgo A{YH
`m CZHo g‘mZ n‹T m {cIm Z Wm& ò àñVmd O~ lr.OmYd Ho nmg nhþ±Mm Vmo
do AË`ÝV àgÝZ hþE Am¡a CÝhm|Zo M¡Z H s gm§g cr& naÝVw do AnZr ~oQ r H s
ñdrH¥ {V MmhVo Wo, Bg{cE {ddmh àñVmd CZHo nmg ôOm J`m&
‘oar ‘m± H mo {ZåZ{cpIV ~mV| {deofê n go ~VmB© JBª& àñVmd H aZo dmcm
Xyëhm {Z:gÝXoh EH {dYwa h¡ {OgHo nm±M ~ÀMo h¢ naÝVw dh ~hþV n‹T m {cIm
h¡, `wdm h¡, gwÝXa h¡, OrdZ ‘| ^cr-^m§{V ñWm{nV h¡& na‘mË‘m na Cgo X¥‹T
{dídmg h¡ Am¡a Cgo {H gr ^r àH ma Ho Zeo H s AmXV Zht h¡& gmao D ±M-ZrM
H mo CÝhm|Zo AnZo ‘pñVîH go Om±Mm-naIm& ~hþV g‘` níMmV² CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo
~Vm`m Wm {H ‘oao {nVmOr go {ddmh H aZo Ho CZHo {ZU©` H mo Xmo MrOm|μ Zo
à^m{dV {H `m Wm& àW‘ Vmo `h {H ‘oao {nVm ~hþV n‹T o {cIo Wo Am¡a
à{V^mdmZ dH sc Wo, naÝVw Cggo ^r A{YH ‘hËdnyU© CZH m na‘mË‘m na
{dídmg hmoZm VWm CÝh| {H gr àH ma Ho Zeo H s AmXV Z hmoZm Wm& BVZr
NmoQ r Am`w Ho ‘m± {dhrZ ~ÀMm| Ho à{V ^r CZHo öX` ‘| JhZ H éUm C‘‹S
n‹S r Wr& dmo ò ^r OmZVr Wt {H CZHo d¥Õ {nVm MmhVo Wo {H do ‘oao {nVmOr go
{ddmh H a c|&
‘oao {nVmOr Zo CZH s ‘ZmoXem H mo g‘Pm Am¡a CZgo AHo co ‘| ~mV
H aZr Mmhr& naÝVw nmaån[aH hmoZo Ho H maU CÝhm|Zo Bg {Xem ‘| ‘oao {nVm Ho
g^r à`ËZm| Ho {cE BÝH ma H a {X`m& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘¢ EH ~ma CÝh| ò
H hH a gVm ahm Wm {H ‘oao {nVm Ho gm¡ÝX`© H mo XoIH a dmo CZ na cÅÿ hmo JB©
hm|Jr& ‘oao ‘μOmH H mo AZXoIm H aHo CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H ~hþV gr MrμOm| H mo
gmoMVo hþE CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVm go {ddmh {H `m Wm Am¡a BZ Jå^ra ‘m‘cm| H mo `wdm
nr‹T r Zht g‘P gH Vr&
AÝVV: ~hþV go gcmh ‘edam| Ho níMmV² 21 OyZ 1920 H mo qNXdm‹S m
Ho E.L. MM© ‘| CZH m {ddmh hþAm& {ddmh Ho g‘` H moZu{c`m ~mB© AË`ÝV
37
H mo‘c ‘{hcm Wt {OZHo Z¡Z ZŠe AË`ÝV VrIo Ed§ gwÝXa Wo Am¡a ‘oao
{nVmOr H m eara AË`ÝV JRm hþAm Wm& CZHo {ddmh Ho {MÌ H mo O~ h‘Zo
XoIm Vmo h‘| Eogm cJm ‘mZmo dmo EH Xygao Ho {cE hr ~Zo hm|& Hw N g‘` níMmV²
do ‘oao {nVmOr Ho gmW qNXdm‹S m Am JBª Am¡a CÝhm|Zo AnZm nm[adm[aH OrdZ
ewé {H `m& nËZr VWm nm±M gm¡Voco ~ÀMm| H s ‘m± Ho ê n ‘| CZH m H m`© ~hþV
MwZm¡VrnyU© Wm& {deof ê n go O~{H g~go NmoQ m ~ÀMm gwerc OÝ‘ go {‘Ju
amoJr (Epileptic) Wm Am¡a CgH m ‘mZ{gH {dH mg AdéÕ Wm& Amaå^ ‘|
CÝh| ~ÀMm| Ho {damoY H m ^r gm‘Zm H aZm n‹S m& naÝVw eZ¡: eZ¡: CÝhm|Zo CÝh|
VWm CZH m {dídmg OrV {c`m& 18 ‘mM© 1921 H mo CÝh| nhcm nwÌ aËZ-
ZaoÝÐ àmá hþAm& nhco ~ƒo Ho ê n ‘| ~oQ m àmá H aHo ‘mVm-{nVm ~hþV àgÝZ
Wo& Bgr Xm¡amZ ‘oao {nVmOr Zo am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX Ho gmW H m‘ H aZm
Nmo‹S H a ñdV§Ì ê n go H m`© Amaå^ {H `m& ~hþV hr erK« do qNXdm‹S m Ho MmoQ r
Ho ’ m¡OXmar dH sc ~Z JE& ‘oar ‘m± H moZu{c`m ~mB© ^r narjmE§ nmg H aZm
MmhVr Wt Am¡a BgHo {cE CÝhm|Zo {d{Y H m°coO ‘| àdoe ^r co {c`m Wm naÝVw
nm[adm[aH {Oå‘oXm[a`m| H s dOh go do AnZr H mZyZ H s {ejm nyU© Z H a nmBª&
df© 1927 VH ‘oao {nVmOr qNXdm‹S m ‘| aho& O~ VH dmo dhm± na aho
CÝhm|Zo H ñ~o Ho ZmJ[aH OrdZ ‘| g{H« ` ^y{‘H m {Z^mB©& qNXdm‹S m ZJa
nm{cH m Ho do MwZo hþE gXñ` Wo VWm CnmÜ`j ^r Wo Am¡a am`~hmXþa ‘Wwam
àgmX AÜ`j Wo& CnmÜ`j Ho ê n ‘| AnZo H m`©H mc Ho Xm¡amZ CÝhm|Zo
am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX Am¡a H B© AÝ` à{gÕ ZmJ[aH m| H s AÜ`jVm ‘|
qNXdm‹S m ‘| ‘{hcm AñnVmc ~ZmZo Ho {cE EH g{‘{V H m JRZ {H `m&
‘{hcm AñnVmc H s dhm± ~hþV Amdí`H Vm Wr Am¡a ~hþV dfm] go BgH s ‘m±J
~Zr hþB© Wr& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo Bg AñnVmc Ho {cE Ho dc ~hþV gm n¡gm hr Zht
{X`m naÝVw BgHo ~ZmZo Ho H m`© ‘| ^r nyar Vah go g§c¾ aho& AmO ^r `h
‘{hcm AñnVmc dhm± na ~hþV AÀNm H m`© H a ahm h¡& Sm°ŠQa gwlr ‘¡H cr‘
(Miss Macleam) "ñH m{°Qe ‘{hcm' Bg AñnVmc H s àW‘ ‘{¡SH c
gnw[aQ¨ S¢o ÝQ Wt&
H mo`cm joÌ hmoZo Ho H maU qNXdm‹S m ‘| ~hþV go `yamonr` Am¡a A§J«oO H ñ~o
VWm CgHo Amg-nmg H s H mo`cm ImZm| ‘| H m‘ H aVo Wo& CÝhm|Zo EH Šb~
38
ewé {H `m Omo Ho dc A§J«oOm| VWm `yamonr` ‘yc Ho cmoJm| Ho {cE hr gr{‘V Wm&
Bg{cE qNXdm‹S m Ho Ioc-Hy X ào‘r ^maVr`m| Zo AnZm hr EH Šb~ Amaå^
H aZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& qNXdm‹S m Š`m|{H ‘Ü` ^maV Ho gVnw‹S m nd©V ‘mcm Ho
nRma ‘| pñWV h¡ Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo Bg Šb~ H m Zm‘ nRma Šb~ (The
Plateau Club) aIm& O¡gm nhco dU©Z {H `m Om MwH m h¡, ‘oao {nVmOr Am¡a
MmMm bmoJ g^r ~hþV AÀNo pIbm‹S r Wo& AV: do g~ Bg Šb~ Ho gXñ` ~Z
JE& Šb~ Ho nmg Š`m|{H n`m©á YZ Z Wm Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo ^y{‘ Ho EH Iwco
Qw H ‹S o H mo {H« Ho Q ‘¡XmZ ~Zm {c`m& ~hþV erK« hr ò Šb~ à{gÕ hmo J`m Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo ZmJnwa go EH Qr‘ H mo IocZo Ho {cE Am‘§{ÌV {H `m& Bg Qr‘ ‘| ^md
gmh~ q^So , H Z©c Zm`Sy (H ZH¡ `m Zm‘ go à{gÕ) Am¡a {gëdoñQa Mm¡~o
(Mm¡ãgo Zm‘ go {d»`mV) gå‘{cV Wo& H B© NŠHo cJmH a H Z©c Zm`Sy Zo
eVH ~Zm`m& ‘oao {nVmOr lr ~oÝQZ (A{V[aŠV gwn[aQ|S| Q nw{cg) Ho gmW
qNXdm‹S m Ho {cE Ioco& CÝhm|Zo ^r ~hþV go NŠHo cJmE&
‘oao {nVmOr Š`m|{H nyar Vah go eam~ {damoYr Wo Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo nRma
Šb~ Ho ~mH s gXñ`m| H mo ^r Šb~ Ho AÝXa ‘ÚnmZ d{O©V H aZo Ho {cE
gh‘V H a {c`m& Amaå^ ‘| BgH m {damoY {H `m J`m naÝVw Šb~ Ho AÜ`j
am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX H m g‘W©Z ‘oao {nVmOr H mo àmá Wm& AV: g^r cmoJ
Bg ~mV Ho {cE gh‘V hmo JE {H Šb~ Ho AÝXa ‘ÚnmZ Zht {H `m OmEJm&
~hþV go Adgam| na ‘oao {nVmOr gm‘m{OH ^moOm| go CRH a Mco AmE Š`m|{H
dhm± eam~ {ncmB© Om ahr Wr& AnZo Xoe H mo ‘oao {nVmOr CVZm hr ào‘ H aVo Wo
{OVZm IocHy X H mo& CZHo Xoeào‘ Ho Hw N CXmhaU {ZåZ{cpIV h¢&
gwà{gÕ Acr ^mB©`m| (Ali Brother) H mo CZH s ‘m± Ho gmW J¥h H mamJma
‘| aIm Om ahm Wm& MŠH a ‘mJ© na CÝh| EH ~§Jcm Amd§{QV H a {X`m J`m
Wm& naÝVw h‘mao `hm± AmZo H s Amkm Wr& CZ {XZm| h‘ hamB© Ho OmJraXma Ho
~§Jco ‘o§ ahVo Wo Omo Acr ^mB©`m| H mo Amd§{QV ~§Jco Ho ~hþV g‘rn Wm Am¡a dmo
cJ^J à{V{XZ h‘mao `hm± Am`m H aVo Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr Am¡a Acr ^mB©`m| Ho
~rM gm{ZÜ` Ed§ {ZH QVm H mo XoIVo hþE qNXdm‹S m Ho A§J«oO gwn[aQ|S| Q nw{cg
Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo H hm {H Acr ^mB©`m| go AnZr {‘ÌVm H m cm^ CRmVo hþE
CZgo A§J«oO {damoYr pIcm’ V Am§XmocZ H s ^{dî` H s `moOZmE§ nVm H a|& ‘oao
39
{nVmOr Zo QH m gm BÝH ma H a {X`m Am¡a H hm, ""`{X A§J«oOm| Zo ‘wPo
amdgm{h~ H s Cnm{Y Eogo Xoe {damoYr H m`© H aZo Ho {cE Xr h¡ Vmo ‘¢ AnZo Xoe
VWm Xoedm{g`m| Ho gmW YmoIm H aZo Ho ñWmZ na `h Cnm{Y Ë`mJ XooZm
Mmhÿ±Jm&''
CZH s Xoe ^pŠV H s EH AÝ` KQZm h¡ Omo Ho dc Bg{cE ‘hËdnyU©
Zht h¡ {H `h CZHo amîQ´ r` AmÝXmocZ ‘| gpå‘{cV hmoZo go nyd© K{QV hþB©
naÝVw Bg{cE ^r {H `h CZH s loîRVm VWm Xoe Ho à{V {ZñdmW© g‘n©U H mo
^r Xem©Vr h¡& CZHo BZ JwUm| Zo ~mX ‘| ñdVÝÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| ~hþV ‘hËdnyU©
^y{‘H m {Z^mB©& df© 1921 ‘| ñdJu` gamo{OZr Zm`Sy ({OÝho§ ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Zo
^maV H mo{H cm H hm Wm), Omo {H H m§J«og H s CÀM XO} H s ZoVm Wt, ZmJnwa Ho
EH gå‘ocZ ‘| ^mJ coZo Ho níMmV² qNXdm‹S m AmBª& gwn[aQ|S| Q nw{cg Zo EH
‘wgc‘mZ A{V[aŠV ghm`H H {‘íZa H mo CZHo ^mfU Ho ZmoQ coZo Ho {cE
{Z`wŠV {H `m Vm{H {SßQr H {‘íZa H mo BZH s gyMZm Xr Om gHo & ò A’ ga
‘oao {nVmOr go AmJo ~¡R o hþE Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr ^r Bg g^m ‘| ^mJ co aho Wo&
nw{cg {d^mJ Ho Am¡a ^r H B© cmoJm| H mo Eogo hr H m¶m] Ho {cE dhm± {Z`wŠV
{H `m J`m Wm& ò ‘wpñc‘ A{V[aŠV ghm`H H {‘íZa gamoOZr Zm`Sy Ho
epŠVemcr VWm CÎmoOH ^mfU go BVZm à^m{dV hþAm {H CZHo ^mfU Ho
ZmoQ {cIZo Ho ñWmZ na dh AÝ` lmoVmAm| Ho gmW CZHo ^mfU H s àe§gm
H a ahm Wm& nw{cg Ho AÝ` H {‘©`m| Zo ò ~mV XoIr Am¡a BgH s gyMZm {SßQr
H {‘íZa H mo Xr& Bg A{V[aŠV ghm`H H {‘íZa H m gm‘Zm O~ {SßQr
H {‘íZa go hþAm Vmo CgZo ~Vm`m, ""Amn `{X ‘oar [anmoQ © H mo XoI|Jo Vmo
AmnH mo nVm McoJm {H ‘¢Zo CZHo EH -EH eãX H mo Ajae: {cIm h¡ Am¡a
Eogm H aZm Ho dc V^r gå^d hmo nmVm O~ ‘¢ CÝh| g‘PVm Am¡a CZHo ^mfU
go ‘oar EH mH m[aVm hmo OmVr& ò H hmZr O~ ‘oao {nVmOr H mo gwZmB© JB©, Vmo
CÝhm|Zo H hm {H ^maVr` hmoZo Ho ZmVo Amn ào[aV hþE {~Zm Zht ah gH Vo& ‘oao
{nVmOr Or-OmZ go ^maVr` Wo Am¡a AË`ÝV Xoe ^ŠV ^r& gamoOZr Zm`Sy
H s àe§gm ‘| CÝhm|Zo CXy© H m EH eoa n‹T m {OgH m AW© ò Wm {H cmIm| n‹T o-
{cIo cmoJ h¢ Am¡a CZ‘| go hOmam| ñZmVH h¢ naÝVw ~{J`m ‘| JmZo dmcr H mo`c
Ho dc EH h¡, ~mH s g~ H m¡E h¢&
40
‘oao {nVmOr H s Xoe^pŠV ~Vm©Zdr cmoJm| Ho ^maVr`m| go VWm Eo§½cmo
BpÊS`Z VW ñd`§ H mo A§J«oO ‘mZZo dmco ^maVr`m| go {OÝh| ~«mD Z gm{h~
(Johþ§E A§J«oO) H hm OmVm Wm, {H E OmZo dmco ì`dhma Ho à{V Vrd« {damoY ‘| ^r
XoIr Om gH Vr Wr& EH ~ma A§J«oOm| VWm ^maVr`m| Ho ~rM EH {H« Ho Q ‘¡M
hþAm& `h Am‘ àWm Wr {H gmW-gmW Xmo Q¢Q cJmE OmVo Wo {OZ‘| pIcm‹S r
{~Zm {H gr a§J-ôX Ohm± Mmho ~¡R gH Vo Wo& naÝVw EH e{Zdma qNXdm‹S m
Šb~ VWm H mo`cm IXmZm| Ho ewÕ A§J«oO VWm ~mH s Ho ~«mD Z gm{h~m| H s
Qr‘m| ‘| EH ‘¡M Iocm OmZm Wm& qNXdm‹S m Ho A§J«oO Eg.nr. ‘¡XmZ Ho à~§Y-
A{YH mar Wo& CÝhm|Zo ‘¡XmZ H {‘©`m| H mo Amkm Xr {H Xya-Xya Xmo Q¢Q cJmE
OmE§ Am¡a ò ^r {hXm`V Xr {H AÀNm Q¢Q no‹S Ho ZrMo A§J«oOm| Ho {cE cJm`m
OmE Am¡a Bggo H m’ s Xyar na EH gmYmaU Q¢Q CZHo {cE Omo A§J«oO Zht h¢&
‘oao {nVmOr O~ ‘¡XmZ ‘| nhþ±Mo Vmo VwaÝV CÝhm|Zo ‘hgyg {H `m {H Q¢Q cJmZo
H m à~ÝY ^maVr`m| VWm A§J«oOm| ‘| ôX^md H aZo H s X¥{ï go {H `m J`m h¡&
AnZr Qr‘ Ho gm{W`m| Ho gmW CÝhm|Zo ‘¡XmZ H {‘©`m| H mo H hm {H OmH a
Eg.nr. Am¡a {Ocm H coŠQa (D.C.) H mo ~Vm X| {H àOmVr` ôX^md Ho {damoY
‘| do ‘¡XmZ Nmo‹S H a Mco JE h¢& Ka nhþ±MH a ‘oao {nVmOr Zo KmofUm H s {H
A§Jo«Om| Ho OmVr` ôX^md Ho X¥pîQH moU Ho H maU CÝhm|Zo ‘¡M Z IocZo H m
{ZU©` {c`m Wm& ‘oar ‘m± Zo Xmonha Ho ImZo Ho {cE ~hþV AÀNm ^moOZ V¡`ma
{H `m Wm& nmH H cm ‘| do ~hþV nma§JV Wt {deof ê n go Mmdc nwcmd ~ZmZo
‘|& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo CÝh| H hm {H ^moOZ H m H m`©H« ‘ aÔ H a {X`m J`m h¡ Am¡a
O¡gm nhco {ZU©` {H `m J`m Wm A~ CÝh| dhm± AmZo H s H moB© Amdí`H Vm Zht
h¡& do ^r ‘hmZ Xoe^ŠV Wt Am¡a A§J«oOm| Ûmam ^maVr`m| H m An‘mZ {H `m
OmZm do ^r ghZ Z H a gH Vr Wt&
Á`m| hr ò g‘mMma ‘¡M Ho à~ÝYH m| Sr.gr.H Z©c {MVmcr (Colonel
Chitaly) H mo {X`m J`m do VwaÝV h‘mao Ka na AmE Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr go AmH a
‘¡M IocZo H s àmW©Zm H s& AË`ÝV {dZ‘«Vm naÝVw X¥‹T Vm nyd©H CÝhm|Zo CÝh|
~Vm`m {H a§JôX EH gm‘m{OH AnamY h¡& AV: do Ho dc AmO H m hr ‘¡M
Zht, ^{dî` ‘| ^r H ^r A§J«oOm| Ho {cE `m CZHo {damoY ‘| ‘¡M Zht Ioc|Jo&
H Z©c ßbmoS Z Am¡a H Z©c {MVmcr Zo qNXdm‹S m Ho Eg.nr. H s Amoa go j‘m
41
‘m§Jr Am¡a H hm {H XmoZm| Q¢Q mo H mo nwZ: gmW-gmW cJm {X`m J`m h¡ Am¡a
^{dî` ‘| H ^r ^r Bg àH ma H m ôX^md Zht {H `m OmEJm& Ho dc V^r ‘oao
{nVmOr Am¡a Qr‘ Ho AÝ` gXñ` ‘¡M IocZo Ho {cE JE& {Og àH ma CÝh|
{dídmg {Xcm`m J`m Wm, BgHo níMmV² Ioc Ho ‘¡XmZ ‘| H ^r ^r a§JôX Zht
{H `m J`m&
AmR df© H s Am`w ‘|§ EH ~ma lr‘mVmOr EH {H« Ho Q ‘¡M XoI ahr Wt&
Bg ‘¡M ‘| CZHo ~‹S o OrOm ^r Ioc aho Wo& CZH s H ma na amîQ´ r` Xc H m
PÊSm h‘oem chamVm Wm& `h ‘¡M {gnm{h`m| Ho ‘Ü` Wm Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘m±J H s
{H PÊSo H mo hQm {X`m OmE& lr‘mVmOr H ma go ~mha AmBª Am¡a CZgo H hm {H
‘oao OrVo Or PÊSm Zht hQm`m Om gH Vm& Bg àH ma PÊSo H mo dht chamVm
hþAm Nmo‹S {X`m J`m& O~ do Ka dm{ng AmBª Vmo CZH s ^m^r ~hþV Sar hþB© Wt
naÝVw CZHo OrOm Zo H hm {H CgZo (lr‘mVmOr) {~ëHw b RrH H m`© {H `m h&¡
‘oao {nVmOr g^r ~ƒm| H mo H moB© Z H moB© Ioc IocZo Ho {cE CËgm{hV
H aVo ahVo Wo, Š`m|{H CZH m X¥‹T {dídmg Wm {H Ioc-Hy X ì`pŠV ‘| gmhg
H s ^mdZm (Sportsman's Spirit) Ho A{V[aŠV gm‘y{hH Vm, {‘c ~m±Q H a
coZm, nmañn[aH gyP-~yP Am¡a gdm}n[a-cú` àm{á H s ^mdZm ^r n¡Xm
H aVo h¢& n[aUm‘ñdê n ~o{Q`m| g‘oV CZHo g^r ~ÀMo AnZo ñHy c Am¡a
H mc
° O
o Ho {XZm| ‘| H mBo© Z H mBo© Ic
o Ic o Vo W&o lr‘mVmOr ñd`§ AnZo amÁ` H s
Km{ofV ~S¡ q‘QZ {dOVom Wr& do ~hVþ go ^maVr` Ic o ^r Ic o Vr Wt Ama¡ amÁ`
ñVa H s Ic o ñnYmA© m| ‘| CÝhmZ|o AnZo ñHy c go ZmJnaw H m à{V{Z{YËd {H `m&
‘oao {nVmOr H s {eH ma H aZo ‘|, {deof ê n go Za^jr MrVm| H m, JhZ
{XcMñnr Wr& de© 1921-22 ‘| pIcMrnwa Ho ‘hmamOm qNXdm‹S m ‘|
Ý`m`m{`H A{YH mar H m à{ejU co aho Wo& AÀNo pIcm‹S r hmoZo Ho A{V[aŠV
‘hmamOm ~hþV AÀNo {eH mar ^r Wo& n[aUm‘ñdê n ‘oao {nVmOr Am¡a ‘hmamOm
~hþV AÀNo {‘Ì ~Z JE& àm`:, {deof ê n go Nw {Å`m| ‘|, do {eH ma IocZo Ho
{cE Om`m H aVo Wo& Eogo hr EH Adga na O§Jcr newAm| Ho {eH ma Ho {cE
JE ‘oao {nVmOr Zo 301 H s ^mar amB’ c co cr& naÝVw Cg {XZ CÝh| H moB© ~‹S m
O§Jcr new Z {‘cm, Ho dc H mco Za {haUm| H m EH PwÊS {XImB© {X`m& ‘oao
{nVmOr BVZo AÀNo {ZemZo~mO Wo {H O~ CÝhm|Zo {ZemZm cJm`m Vmo Jmocr Zo
42
EH H mco {haU H mo MraH a gmW I‹S o Xygao {haU H mo Km`c H a {X`m& CZHo
gmWr Vmo EH hr H mco {haU H mo CRmZo Ho {cE JE Wo naÝVw EH hr Jmocr go ‘ao
hþE Xmo {haUm| H mo XoIH a CZHo AmíM`© H s gr‘m Z ahr& {ZemZo~mOr H s
CZH s Bg `mo½`Vm go pIcMrnwa Ho ‘hmamO BVZo à^m{dV hþE {H CÝhm|Zo
CÝh| EH Xwc©^ amB’ c ^|Q H s, {Oggo hm{W`m| H mo ^r ‘mam Om gH Vm Wm&
^monmc Ho g‘rn ‘Ü` ^maV ‘| pIcMrnwa EH NmoQ m gm amÁ` h¡&
à{ejU àmá H aZo Ho níMmV² ‘hmamOm pIcMrnwa cm¡Q JE Am¡a dhm± go
CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr Am¡a CZHo n[adma H mo AmZo Ho {cE Am‘§{ÌV {H `m& ‘oar
‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m Wm {H O~ dmo pIcMrnwa JE Wo Vmo lr‘mVmOr Ho dc
EH df© H s Wt& amÁ` A{V{W`m| Ho ê n ‘| do cJ^J Xg {XZ aho& AmíM`© H s
~mV h¡ {H lr‘mVmOr H mo pIcMrnwa H s EH -EH ~mV `mX h¡!
‘oao {nVmOr AnZr hm{OμaOdm~r (Quick wit) Am¡a gwY-~wY
(Presence of mind) Ho {cE ^r à{gÕ Wo& Eogm EH X¥îQmÝV CÝhm|Zo gwZm`m
Wm& {díd`wÕ Ho níMmV² H ‘©Mm[a`m| H s H ‘r Ho H maU A{YH m[a`m| H mo
A{V[aŠV H m`© H aZo Ho {cE H hm J`m& AãXwc gw^mZ Im± Zm‘H EH
‘wgc‘mZ XÊSm{YH mar (Magistrate) Wo {OÝh| H moem{YH mar H m H m`© H aZo
Ho {cE ^r H hm J`m Š`m|{H YZ gå~ÝYr H m`© Ho H maU Bg H m`© H mo AYyam
Zht Nmo‹S m Om gH Vm& VrZ ~Oo VH do IμOmZo ‘| H m`© H aVo Am¡a CgHo
níMmV² ’ m¡OXmar ‘wH X‘| gwZZo ewé H a XoVo Omo gy`m©ñV Ho ~mX VH McVo
ahVo& ‘oao {nVmOr Š`m|{H ’ m¡OXmar dH sc Wo Am¡a AãXwc gw^mZ Im±
’ m¡OXmar ‘wH X‘o VrZ ~Oo Ho ~mX gwZm H aVo Wo, ‘oao {nVmOr Ho nmg em‘ H mo
IocZo Ho {cE dŠV Z hmoVm Wm& {OcmYre H Z©c ßbmoS Z ^r ~‹S o CËgmhr
{H« Ho Q pIcm‹S r Wo& EH em‘ O~ ‘oao {nVmOr dhm± Wo, H Z©c ßbmoS Z Zo XoIm
{H Aä`mg Ho {cE Omc (Nets) Zht cJmE JE h¢& ‘¡XmZ H ‘u Zo ~Vm`m {H
gmam gm‘mZ ‘¡XmZ go ~hþV Xya aIm OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo dh AnZr gmB©{H c na
aIH a H B© ~ma ‘| cmVm h¡& Sr.gr. Bg g‘ñ`m H m g‘mYmZ MmhVo Wo& hþAm
Eogm {H lr gw^mZ Im± H m Ka Ioc Ho ‘¡XmZ go {~ëHw c g‘rn Wm& ‘oao
{nVmOr Zo VwaÝV Sr.gr. H mo gcmh Xr {H Ioc H m gmam g‘mZ gw^mZ Im± Ho
Ka aIm Om gH Vm h¡ Am¡a em‘ H mo Ioc H s V¡`mar H m H m`© CÝh| gm¢nm Om
43
gH Vm h¡& Sr.gr. BgHo {cE gh‘V hmo JE Am¡a ‘¡XmZ H {‘©`m| go H hm {H
VwaÝV lr.gw^mZ Im± H mo ~wcm`m OmE& H ‘©Mmar gw^mZ Im± Ho {~Zm cm¡Q AmE
Š`m|{H gw^mZ Im± Vmo A^r H Mhar ‘| Wo& Sr.gr. naoemZ Wo {H Ý`m`mc` Ho
g‘` Ho ~mX ^r {H g Vah EH A{YH mar H m`© H aVm ah gH Vm h¡! AV: ‘oao
{nVmOr Ho gmW dmo CZHo Ý`m`mc` Ho H ‘ao ‘| JE& dhm± nhþ±M H a CÝhm|Zo
XoIm {H `Ú{n Ý`m`mc` H m g‘` g‘má hmo MwH m Wm naÝVw {’ a ^r
Ý`m`mc` H s H m`©dmhr nyao Omoam| na Mc ahr Wr& Sr.gr. H m ñdmJV H aZo Ho
{cE lr gw^mZ Im± CR I‹S o hþE& CÝh| Amem Wr {H Xoa VH CZHo H m`© H aZo
H s Sr.gr. gamhZm H a|Jo& naÝVw CZH s AmemAm| Ho {dnarV Sr.gr. CZ na
~ag n‹S o Am¡a H hm {H BVZr Xoa VH H m`© H aZm CZH m H m‘ Zht h¡&
VËníMmV² CÝhm|Zo lr Im± H mo AnZo gmW Ioc Ho ‘¡XmZ na McZo Ho {cE H hm
Am¡a dhm± IocZo Ho {cE V¡`mar H aZo H m H m`© CZH mo gm¢n {X`m Am¡a H hm {H
CÝh| {dídñV H aZm hmoJm {H nm±M ~Oo VH gmar V¡`mar hmo OmZr Mm{hE&
Ý`m`mc` H m g‘` g‘má hmoZo go nm±M {‘ZQ nhco H Mhar Nmo‹S Zo H s Amkm Xo
Xr& AË`ÝV Rmog Ed§ Cn`moJr gcmh XoZo Ho {cE Sr.gr. Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H m ^r
YÝ`dmX {H `m& Bg àH ma AnZr hm{Oμa Odm~r Am¡a gyP-~yP Ho H maU em‘
H mo IocZo Ho {cE ‘oao {nVmOr ñdVÝÌ hmo JE& do Ho dc {H« Ho Q hr Zht IocVo
Wo, hm°H s, ’w Q~mc, {~{c`S©² g Am¡a Qo{Zg ^r IocVo Wo& {H« Ho Q VWm AÝ`
Iocm| Zo CÝh| ~hþV go {‘Ì àXmZ {H E& gwà{gÕ Ý`m`mYre nmocmoH
(Pollock), {OZHo {ZU©` AmO ^r CX²Y¥V {H E OmVo h¢, Am¡a Omo ~mX ‘|
ZmJnwa Cƒ Ý`m`mc` Ho Ý`m`mYre ~Zo, O~ do qNXdm‹S m ‘| Ý`m`m{YH mar H m
à{ejU àmá H a aho Wo Vmo ‘oao {nVmOr Ho ~hþV AÀNo {‘Ì ~Z JE& Ý`m`mYre
nmocmoH , {Og Zm‘ go do ~mX ‘| à{gÕ hþE, H¡ på~«O ãë`y (Cambridge Blue)
Wo (H¡ på~«O {díd{dÚmc` Ho {H« Ho Q pIcm{‹S `m| H mo {X`m J`m gå‘mZ-
H¡ på~«O ãë`y)& do ‘oao {nVmOr Ho Ioc VWm H mZyZr H m¡ec XmoZm| go AË`ÝV
à^m{dV Wo& ò {‘ÌVm dH sc Ho noeo ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H s àJ{V ‘| ~hþV ghm`H
{gÕ hþB©& Ý`m`mYre nmocmoH , CZHo {‘Ì VWm gh`moJr g^r gmëdo n[adma Ho
‘yë` AmYm[aV OrdZ go ~hþV à^m{dV hþE& B©gmB© hmoVo hþE ^r gmëdo n[adma
‘{Xam godZ Am{X go ‘wŠV Wm& CZ g~H m Ym{‘©H AmYma Wm, {deof ê n go
‘oao {nVmOr H m, Š`m|{H do Y‘m©ÝY Z Wo& do g^r Y‘m] H m gå‘mZ H aVo Wo Am¡a
44
gdm}n[a ‘mZdr` J[a‘m H m gå‘mZ H aVo Wo& CZH m {dídmg Wm {H g^r
‘Zwî`m| H mo na‘mË‘m Zo ~Zm`m h¡, CZH s Om{V, Y‘©, n§W Mmho Omo ^r hm|&
B©‘mZXmar Am¡a {ddoH CZHo Xmo Eogo JwU Wo Omo CZHo CXma Ed§ no«‘‘`
ì`pŠVËd ‘| O~ Ow‹S OmVo Wo Vmo Ohm± ^r dmo OmVo CÝh| cmoH {à` ì`pŠV ~Zm
XoVo& AnZm Cƒ ‘yë`-ñVa ~ZmE aIZo ‘| CZH s nËZr H moZu{c`m ~mB© H s
‘w»` ^y{‘H m Wr& CÝht H s Vah go dh ^r AË`ÝV B©‘mZXma Ed§ ñnîQdmXr
Wt& J{UVk hmoZo Ho H maU {Z:gÝXoh do AË`ÝV AZwemgZ {à` Wt naÝVw
AZwemgZ Ho Bg H Rmoa c~mXo Ho nrNo h‘| gX¡d CZH m ñZoh ‘hgyg hmoVm
Wm& ‘oao {dMma go h‘ g^r ~ÀMo CZHo G Ur h¢ Š`m|{H `{X CZH m ò H Rmoa
AZwemgZ Am¡a ‘yë` e¡cr Z hmoVr Vmo h‘‘| go A{YH Va AmO Cg AdñWm
VH Z nhþ±Mo hmoVo Ohm± h‘ h¢& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H EH ~ma ‘¢Zo lr ‘mVmOr go nyN m,
""AmnZo gmëdo n[adma ‘| OÝ‘ coZm ngÝX Š`m| {H `m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m
{H ‘w»`V: ò M[aÌdmZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho H maU Wm {OZna CÝh| gX¡d Jd© h¡&''
O¡gm nhco dU©Z {H `m J`m h¡ ZaoÝX« Ho OÝ‘ Ho níMmV² ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo
{d{Y ñZmVH (L.L.B.) Ho {cE {d{Y H m°coO ‘| àdoe co {c`m& CZ {XZm| {d{Y
H m°coO H s H jmE§ ZmJnwa Ho ‘m¡[ag H m°coO ‘| A{V[aŠV g‘` (Part Time) ‘|
cJVr Wt& n[aUm‘ ñdê n CÝh| àm`: ZmJnwa AmZm n‹S Vm Wm& {ZaÝVa ~‹T Vr
hþB© nm[adm[aH {Oå‘oXm[a`m| Ho H maU CÝh| AnZr n‹T mB© AYyar Nmo‹S Zr n‹S r&
‘oao {nVmOr Zo Bgr Xm¡amZ ’ m¡OXmar dH sc Ho ê n ‘| ~hþV YZ H ‘m`m VWm
qNXdm‹S m VWm ZmJnwa Ho ^r MmoQ r Ho dH sc ~Z JE&
df© 1922 Ho ‘Ü` ‘| ‘oar ‘m± Zo nwZ: J^© YmaU {H `m Am¡a Bg ~ma ‘oao
‘mVm VWm {nVm XmoZm| H s hm{X©H BÀNm Wr {H CZHo `hm± nwÌr OÝ‘ co& ‘mM©
1923 Ho Amaå^ ‘|, O~ CZH m ~mha AmZm OmZm d{O©V hmoZo cJm Wm, ‘oar
‘mVmOr Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go àmH¥ {VH dmVmdaU ‘| ‘wŠV eoa XoIZo H s BÀNm
ì`ŠV H s& ^maVr`m| ‘| ò na§nam h¡ {H do J^©dVr npËZ`m| H s g^r BÀNmAm|
H mo nyU© H aVo h¢& Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H J^©dVr ‘m± H s BÀNm dmñVd ‘| Cg
~ƒo H s BÀNm hmoVr h¡ {OgH m A^r OÝ‘ Zht hþAm hmoVm& ‘oar ‘m± H s XoI^mc
H aZo dmcr XmB© Ho {damoY Ho ~mdOyX ^r ‘oao {nVmOr Zo g‘rn Ho O§Jc ‘|
{eH ma H m à~ÝY {H `m& newAm| H mo AnZr ZmX ‘| go {ZH mcZo Ho {cE
45
nma§n[aH Tmoc, emoa-eam~m, h„m-Jw„m (hm°H m) H m à~ÝY {H `m J`m& ‘oao
‘mVm Am¡a {nVmOr ‘MmZ na ~¡R o hþE Wo& Bgr Xm¡amZ EH {demc eoa ‘oao
{nVmOr Ho {ZemZo H s Xyar na {XImB© {X`m Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr Zo Cg new na
{ZemZm gmYm& BVZo ‘| ‘oar ‘m± Zo Cg new H mo gyú‘Vm go XoIm Am¡a CÝh| cJm
{H `h EH eoaZr Wr Omo J^© go Wr& CÝhm|Zo VwaÝV ‘oao {nVmOr go H hm {H Bg
na Jmocr Z McmE§& {nVmOr Zo O~ CZgo BgH m H maU nyN m Vmo CÝhm|Zo CÎma
{X`m, ""do Or{dV eoa H mo XoIZm MmhVr Wt Cgo ‘aVo hþE Zht&'' CÝhm|Zo ò ^r
H hm {H eoaZr OëXr hr ~ÀMm XoZo dmcr h¡ {OgHo H maU CZHo ‘Z ‘| ‘‘Ëd
OmJ CRm h¡ Am¡a Bg{cE do Zht MmhVr Wr {H eoaZr H mo ‘mam OmE& ‘oao
{nVmOr Zo V~ ‘μOmH H aVo hþE CZgo H hm {H gå^dV: do lr XwJm© H mo OÝ‘
X|Jr, Cg Xodr H mo Omo eoa H s gdmar H aVr h¢& ò ‘μOmH {H g àH ma go
^{dî`dmUr ~Z J`m, ò ~mV ‘oar H hmZr Ho AmJo ~‹T Zo go ñnîQ hmo OmEJr&
ò KQZm df© 1923 Ho ‘mM© ‘hrZo ‘| K{QV hþB©& CZ {XZm| ‘| àgy{V J¥hm|
VWm ñÌr amoJ {deofkm| H s gw{dYm Z hþAm H aVr Wr& ~ÀMm| H m OÝ‘ àm`: Kam|
‘o§ hr hþAm H aVm Wm Am¡a Bg H m`© H mo XmB©`m± H aVr Wt& ‘oao {nVmOr H s EH
gå~ÝYr XmB© AË`ÝV AZw^dr Wr& AV: CÝho§ ~wcm`m J`m& Ka Ho ‘Ü` ‘| EH
NmoQ m H ‘am ~ÀMo Ho OÝ‘ Ho {cE {ZpíMV {H `m J`m& àgd nr‹S m `m ~ÀMo Ho
OÝ‘ hmoZo H m H moB© Zm‘mo{ZemZ Z Wm& AMmZH 21 ‘mM© 1923 H s àmV: ‘oar
‘m± H mo cJm O¡go àgd nr‹S m hmo ahr hmo Am¡a CÝh| {Z`V H ‘ao ‘| ñWmZm§V[aV
H a {X`m J`m Am¡a RrH Xmonha H mo CÝhm|Zo EH H m§{V‘mZ, Jm¡adU© H Ý`m H mo
OÝ‘ {X`m& ~ÀMo H m a§J Xy{Y`m Wm Am¡a CZH m {ga H mco ~mcm| go TH m hþAm
Wm& Bg ~ÀMo H m OÝ‘ {ZåZ{cpIV H maUm| go A{ÛVr` Wm&
l ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo ~hþV H ‘ àgd nr‹S m hþB&©
l ~ÀMm {~ëHw b amòm Zht, dmñVd ‘| XmB© Zo ~ÀMo H mo amZoo Ho {cE {dde {H `m&
l ~ÀMr H s AË`ÝV ñdÀN X¡Xrß`‘mZ Am±I| Wt Am¡a AË`ÝV ‘Ywa
‘wñH mZ Wr&
l CZH m a§J dmñVd ‘| Jwcm~r Wm Omo AË`ÝV {Z‘©c Wm&
l O~ é³‘Ur Xodr Zo Cg ~ÀMr H mo XoIm Vmo CgZo H hm {H "ò
46
{ZíH c§H m h¡' AWm©V² BZ‘| H moB© ^r Xmof Zht h¡&
l aUoHw m Xdor Zo H hm, ""{H ò Zm‘ lr {dîUw Ho Xgd| AdVma H m h&¡'' naV§w
Š`m{|H ò ~m{cH m h¡ Bg{cE Bgo "{Z‘c © m' AWmV©² eÕ
w , {ZXmf} H h m
OmZm Mm{hE& ‘aor ‘m± Zo ^r Bg ~ÀMr H mo AnZr AmXe© AÜ`m{nH m Ho
Zm‘ na So Oμ r (Daisy) Zm‘ {X`m&
l CZH m OÝ‘ 21 ‘mM© H s Xmonha H mo hþAm Wm& Bg {XZ gy`© ^y‘Ü`
aoIm go H H© aoIm VH AnZr `mÌm nyU© H aVm h¡ Am¡a VoO Yyn, {deof
ê n go ^maV ‘|, H m CX²Kmof H aVm h¡& Bg {XZ, {XZ Am¡a amV
~am~a hmoVo h¢&
l ~ÀMo H m OÝ‘ qNXdm‹S m ‘| hþAm Wm Omo Xoem§Va ‘| H H© aoIm na pñWV
h¡& g§`moJde ‘ŠH m H m nmdZ ZJa ^r H H© aoIm na pñWV h¡&
l ‘oar ‘m± H s do nhcr nwÌr Wt `Ú{n nhcr nËZr go ‘oao {nVmOr H s
VrZ nw{Ì`m± nhco Wr&
l ~ÀMo H m OÝ‘ ~wYdma Ho {XZ hþAm& ~hþV go AÝ` gÝVm| H m OÝ‘ ^r
Bgr {XZ hþAm&
l CZH m OÝ‘ EH Eogo n[adma ‘| hþAm Omo amOd§e hmoZo Ho gmW-gmW
AË`ÝV nmdZ, Y‘n©amÙ, B‘©mZXma, gË`{ZîR ^r Wm VWm AË`ÝV
CXma Ed§ AÝ` Y‘m] H m gå‘mZ H aZo dmcm ^r& ~ÀMo Ho ‘mVm-{nVm
{dÛmZ Wo Ama¡ CÝh| gñ§H¥ V ^mfm H m ~hVþ AÀNm kmZ Wm& do AË`ÝV
Xeo^ŠV ^r W&o
‘¢ AmJo Bg {df` na {dñVma ndyH© {cIJ§ym VWm Cg ~mVMrV Ho {df¶ ‘|
~VmD J§m Omo {defo ê n go Bg n[adma ‘| AdV[aV hmZoo Ho ~mao ‘| ‘Z¢o lr ‘mVmOr
go H s Wr&
47
AÜ`m`-2
1823 go 1927
qNXdmSm ‘| lr‘mVmOr H m e¡edH mb
e¡edH mc go hr lr‘mVmOr AË`ÝV {OμÝXm{Xc Wt& Omo ^r CÝh| ~wcmVm

CgHo nmg do Mcr OmVt& CZH s ‘wñH mZ AË`ÝV ‘Ywa Ed§ AmH f©H Wr& Bg
‘wñH mZ Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go g^r Ho à{V do AmZÝX H s A{^ì`pŠV H aVr Wt&
O¡gm nhco dU©Z {H `m J`m h¡, df© 1922 ‘| ‘oar ‘mVmOr AnZr {d{Y
narjm Ho {cE AÜ``Z H a ahr Wt& AnZo Am^yfU do EH ~Šgo ‘| aIm H aVr
Wt Am¡a O~ ^r do ZmJnwa OmVt Vmo ò ~Šgm AnZo gmW co OmVt& ZmJnwa ‘o§
O~ CZH s H jm g‘má hmoVr Am¡a O~ do qNXdm‹S m nhþ±MVt Vmo do AË`ÝV
Ü`mZnyd©H Bg ~Šgo H mo H ma `m Qm±Jo ‘| go {ZH mcZm Z ^ycVt& EH ~ma Bg
cH ‹S r Ho Am^yfU-~Šgo Ho gmW-gmW dmo Hw N Am¡a g‘mZ ^r cmBª& O~ dmo
Qm±Jo ‘| go CVa ahr Wt Vmo ~m[ae hmoZo cJr& CZH s JmoX ‘| ~oQ m ZaoÝX« ^r Wm
(Omo ~mX ‘| N.K.P. Ho Zm‘ go OmZm J`m)& H jm Ho {cE OmVo hþE do ZaoÝX« H mo
AnZo gmW co Om`m H aVr Wt& ~ƒo H mo dfm© go ~MmZo Ho {cE do VoμOr go Qm±Jo go
CVat Am¡a Zm¡H a H mo gm‘mZ CVmaZo Ho {cE H hm& cH ‹S r H m Am^yfU ~Šgm
Qm±Jo ‘| AmJo H s Amoa aIm hþAm Wm Am¡a n[aUm‘ñdê n gm‘mZ CVmaVo hþE
Zm¡H a Am^yfU ~Šgm CVmaZm ^yc J`m& Qm±Jm {H amE H m Wm Am¡a gm‘mZ
CVaVo hr Qm±Jm MmcH Am^yfU ~Šgo g{hV Qm±Jo H mo coH a Mcm J`m& Hw N Xoa
~mX ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo Zm¡H a go JhZm| Ho ~Šgo Ho {df` ‘| nyN m naÝVw Zm¡H a Zo ò
H hVo hþE AZ{^kVm OVmB© {H CgZo Vmo Qm±Jo ‘| Am^yfU ~Šgm XoIm hr Zht&
‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo VwaÝV Am^yfU ~Šgo Ho Imo OmZo Ho {df` ‘| {nVmOr H mo
~Vm`m Am¡a ‘m‘co H s gyMZm Ka Ho nmg pñWV WmZo ‘| Xr JB©& nw{cg VwaÝV
J{Verc hmo CRr Am¡a Qm±Jm MmcH Ho Ka na JB©& naÝVw dhm± dmo ~Šgm Z
{‘cm& ~Šgm Imo OmZm AË`ÝV ‘hËdnyU© Wm Š`m|{H ‘oar ‘m± Ho Am^yfU Ho
A{V[aŠV Bg‘| am`~hmXwa ‘Wwam àgmX O¡go {‘Ìm| VWm AÝ` MmMm-Mm{M`m|
Ûmam {XE JE Cnhma (JhZo) ^r Wo& Am^yfU ~Šgo H m Imo OmZm AneH wZ
48
‘mZm OmVm Wm& BgHo YZ-‘yë` Ho {cE Zht naÝVw ò X¥‹T {dídmg {H `m
OmVm h¡ {H Ka H s ñdm{‘Zr Ho JhZo `{X Jw‘ hmo OmE§ Vmo BgHo gmW-gmW
n[adma na Am¡a ^r ‘wgr~V| AmE§Jr&
lr‘mVmOr Ho OÝ‘ Ho nÝÐhd| {XZ {H« ñVrH aU (Christening) Ho
{cE MM© co Om`m J`m& ‘oar ‘mVmOr, lr‘mVmOr, ‘oar MmMr Am¡a CZH m ~oQ m
CÎm‘ VWm AÝ` Mm{M`m± Vm±Jo ‘| Wt& ~moÐr ZXr (Omo qNXdm‹S m Ho g‘rn go
~hVr Wr) H m nwc nma H aVo hþE Vm±Jo H m n{h`m Qy Q J`m& XmoZmo§ Kmo‹S o Xmo n¡am| na
I‹S o hmoZo cJo Am¡a AOr~mo-Jar~ T§J go {hZ{hZmZo cJo& Bg àH ma Vm±Jm ~rM
‘| go Qy Q J`m Am¡a CgHo Xmo {hñgm| Ho ~rM lr‘mVmOr {Ja JBª& ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo
‘wPo ~Vm`m Wm {H Vm±Jo Ho Mm¡IQo H mo O~ hQm`m J`m Vmo XoIm {H lr‘mVmOr
H mo {~ëHw c MmoQ Zht cJr Am¡a do ‘Ywa ‘wñH mZ {~Ioa ahr Wt&
EH ‘mh níMmV² Ka Ho XmE§ ^mJ ‘| AmJ cJ JB© Š`m|{H {d‘cm Zo c¡ån
go {‘År H m Voc {Jam {X`m Wm Am¡a `h ñWmZ A§JrRr Ho ~hþV g‘rn Wm&
Bggo nyd© {H OmZ-‘mc H mo H moB© Jå^ra hm{Z hmoVr, gm¡^m½`de Bg AmJ na
H m~y nm {c`m J`m& naÝVw Bg KQZm H mo ^r AneHw Z ‘mZm J`m&
n[aUm‘ñdê n ‘oar ‘mVmOr g^r ~ÀMm| Ho à{V ~hþV gwajmË‘H hmo CRt Am¡a
CÝh| IocZo Ho {cE ^r OmZo H s Amkm Z XoVt& Hw N cmoJ BZ MrOm| H mo
AÝY{dídmg H hVo naÝVw Ka H s ‘{hcmAm| H m X¥pîQH moU {~ëHw c AcJ Wm
Am¡a g^r Zo AnZo ~ÀMm| H s gwajm Amaå^ H a Xr& ‘oar ‘mVmOr lr‘mVmOr
H s ajm Ho à{V {deof ê n go gmdYmZ Wt Š`m|{H do AË`ÝV gwÝXa Ed§
AmH f©H Wt, CZH m a§J AË`ÝV Jmoam Wm, ~mc AË`ÝV H mco Am¡a Z¡Z ZŠe
~hþV hr AÀNo Wo& ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo gX¡d `hr Sa ~Zm ahVm Wm {H H ht H moB©
BZ na {H gr àH ma H m OmXy QmoZm Z H a Xo&
AmJo H m KQZmH« ‘ Bg àH ma hþAm {H BZ g~ KQZmAm| Ho Hw N ‘mh
níMmV ‘oam MMoam ^mB©, emÝVdZ MmMm H m ~oQ m, CÎm‘, Jå^ra ê n go ~r‘ma
hmo J`m Am¡a Xw^m©½`de ò ~r‘mar OmZcodm gm{~V hþB©& XoIZo ‘| dh ^r
AË`ÝV gwÝXa Wm Am¡a lr‘mVmOr H s Vah go hr CgH s Am±Io ^r AË`ÝV
M‘H Xma Wt& CÎm‘ H s ‘¥Ë`w H m nyao gmëdo n[adma na JhZ à^md n‹S m Am¡a
g^r gå~pÝY`m| Zo AnZm {MÎm lr‘mVmOr na O‘m {X`m {H H ht CÝh| ^r
49
H moB© Jå^ra amoJ Z hmo OmE& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr AË`ÝV à’w {„V aht Am¡a gX¡d
g~ na AnZr ‘Ywa ‘wñH mZ {~IoaVr aht& CZH s ò ‘Ywa ‘wñH mZ Bg ~mV Ho
à{V {dídñV H aVr Wr {H CZ na H moB© {dnXm Zht Am gH Vr&
Cg g‘` ‘oar ‘mVmOr J^© go Wt Am¡a ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm Zo {ZU©` {H `m
{H hmoZo dmcm ~ÀMm `{X nwÌ hþAm Vmo do Bg ~ÀMo H mo MmMm emÝVdZ amd H mo
JmoX coZo Ho {cE Xo Xo§Jo& CÎm‘ H s ‘¥Ë`w H m gX‘m ‘oao {nVmOr na BVZm
O~aXñV Wm {H CÝh| cJm {H ‘oao MmMm Ho Xw:I H mo H ‘ H aZo H m EH ‘mÌ
Cnm` AnZo hmoZo dmco ~oQ o H mo CÝh| Xo XoZm h¡& ‘oar ‘m± Zo VwaÝV ò ~mV ñdrH ma
H a cr& n[adma Ho gå~ÝY Am¡a nmañn[aH ào‘ BVZo JhZ Wo!
CÎm‘ H s ‘¥Ë`w Ho EH ‘mh níMmV² N: ‘mh H s lr‘mVmOr H mo AnZr
JmoX ‘| coH a ‘oao ‘mVmOr IarXXmar Ho {cE JBª& {Og ~mOma ‘| dmo JE Wo dh
h‘mao ~§Jco go A{YH Xya Z Wm, O~ do dm{ng AmZo cJt Vmo CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr
H mo Qm±Jo H s {nNcr grQ na {cQm`m Am¡a Qm±Jm MmcH H mo H hm {H dh Qm±Jo H s
{nNbr grQ na M‹T Zo ‘| CZH s ghm`Vm H ao& MmcH Á`m| hr CZH s ghm`Vm
H aZo Ho {cE CZHo nrNo Am`m, Z OmZo Š`m| Kmo‹S m Qm±Jo H mo coH a Mc n‹S m Am¡a
‘oar ‘mVmOr Qm±Jo ‘| Z M‹T nmBª& A~ pñW{V Eogr ~Z JB© {H Qm±Jo H s {nNcr
grQ na coQ o hþE lr‘mVmOr H mo coH a Kmo‹S m Mc n‹S m& lr‘mVmOr {~ëH wc
AHo cr Wt& ‘oao ‘mVmOr Am¡a Qm±Jm MmcH {M„mVo hþE Kmo‹S o H mo éH Zo Ho {cE
H hVo hþE Qm±Jo Ho nrNo Xm¡‹S aho Wo& naÝVw éH Zo Ho ñWmZ na Kmo‹S o Zo AnZr J{V
~Xcr Am¡a XwcH s go ganQ (Galloping) Xm¡‹S Zo cJm& Qm±Jm ~hþV VoOr go Om
ahm Wm, ‘oao ‘mVmOr Am¡a Qm±Jo Ho ~rM H s Xyar ~‹T Vr Om ahr Wr& ‘oao ‘mVmOr
{H gr XwK©Q Zm H s gå^mdZm go K~am JE& A{Z`§{ÌV Qm±Jm EH X¥í` ~Z MwH m
Wm Am¡a ha AmX‘r Adí`å^mdr XwK©Q Zm H s Amem H a ahm Wm& {Og g‹S H
na Qm±Jm Mc ahm Wm dmo Qr-{~ÝXw (T-Junction) na g‘má hmo ahr Wr Am¡a
Kmo‹S m `{X grYm McVm ahVm Vmo `h JÉo ‘| {JaVm Am¡a `{X ò XmE§ H mo ‘w‹S Vm
Vmo h‘mao ~§Jco H s {dnarV {Xem ‘| Mcm OmVm& g^r cmoJm| Ho AmíM`© H s
gr‘m Z ahr O~ Qr-{~ÝXw na Kmo‹S o Zo AnZr J{V Yr‘r H s, ~mB© Amoa H mo ‘w‹S m
Am¡a {’ a ganQ Xm¡‹S Zo cJm& Qr-{~ÝXw go ~§Jcm cJ^J AmYm ‘rc Xya Wm&
‘oar ‘mVmOr Am¡a Qm±Jm MmcH Xygao Qm±J| ‘| ~¡R H a BgH m nrNm H aVo aho& ‘oar
50
‘mVmOr Zo Xygam Qm±Jm {H amE na co {c`m Wm naÝVw BgH m H moB© cm^ Z hþAm&
Qm±Jm O~ ~§Jco na nhþ±Mm Vmo Kmo‹S o Zo AnZr J{V Yr‘r H s, XwcH s ‘| McZo cJm
Am¡a {’ a ~§Jco Ho Ûma Ho gå‘wI ñd`§ hr éH J`m Am¡a {’ a nrNo H s Amoa
‘w‹S H a XoIZo cJm ‘mZmo dh XoI ahm hmo {H Qm±Jo na CgH m gdma gwa{jV h¡
`m Zht& ‘oar ‘mVmOr O~ Qm±Jo VH nhþ±Mr Vmo, O¡gm CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m Wm,
lr‘mVmOr Qm±Jo H s {nNcr grQ na Amam‘ go coQ r hþB© Wt, Z Vmo dmo amo ahr Wt
Am¡a Z hr CZHo ‘wI na ^` Ho H moB© {MÝh Wo& CÝhm|Zo AnZr ‘Ywa ‘wñH mZ Ho
gmW ‘oar ‘m± H m ñdmJV {H `m Am¡a Bg ‘wñH mZ Zo CZH s {MÝVm H mo Xya H a
{X`m& CÝhm|Zo ~ÀMo H mo Jco go cJm`m Am¡a ~ÀMo H s ajm H aZo Ho {cE
gd©epŠV‘mZ na‘mË‘m H m YÝ`dmX {H `m& Bgo g^r cmoJm| Zo M‘ËH ma ‘mZm&
g~ cmoJ h¡amZ Wo {H ZÝh| {eew, Omo A^r VH ~moc ^r Zht gH Vm Wm, H mo
coH a {~Zm MmcH Ho Qm±Jo H m Kmo‹S m {H g àH ma ~§Jco Ho RrH gm‘Zo éH
gH Vm h¡! nmRH m| H mo ò ~VmZm ‘oao {cE AZmdí`H hmoJm {H Kmo‹S o H m
nWàXe©Z H m¡Z H a ahm Wm `Ú{n Kmo‹S o H m gmaWr Z Wm& `h KQZm ‘¢Zo ~hþV
go cmoJm| H mo gwZmB© h¡, Bggo {eew Ho ê n ‘| lr‘mVmOr H s {Xì` epŠV`m| na
àH me n‹S Vm h¡&
‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m Wm {H lr‘mVmOr Ho gmW Omo EH ‘mÌ
g‘ñ`m CÝho§ Wr, dh Wr CZHo KZo cå~o ~mc& ~mcm| ‘| H§ Kr H aZm ~hþV ~‹S m
H m‘ Wm& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr ‘oar ‘m± go H hVt {H {ga ‘| Toa gmam Voc Smcmo
Vm{H ~mc gwcP OmE|& ~MnZ ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo H ^r ^r ‘oar ‘m± H mo gVm`m
Zht, Ho dc ~mc gwcPmZo ‘| hr CÝh| Wmo‹S m gm H îQ hmoVm Wm& lr‘mVmOr H m
O~ ~n{VμÁ‘ hmoZm Wm Vmo ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo EH ñdßZ XoIm {Og‘| CÝh| AnZr
‘mVmOr {XImB© Xt& CZH s ‘mVmOr Zo ñdßZ ‘| CÝh| ~Vm`m {H CgH s ò ~oQ r
Hw N {deof h¢ AV: Bg c‹S H s H m Zm‘ dh ZmZr emÝVm~mB© Ho Zm‘ na aI|&
AJcr gw~h ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo Bg ñdßZ Ho {df` ‘| ~Vm`m
naÝVw CÝhm|Zo H hm {H {Z‘©cm Zm‘ ~ƒo Ho {Za^« ídoV dU© H mo Am¡a CgH s
‘wñH mZ H s nmdZVm H mo Xem©Vm h¡& AV: `h {ZU©` {H `m J`m {H AJcm
~ÀMm `{X nwÌr hþB© Vmo CgH m Zm‘ ZmZr ‘m± Ho Zm‘ na aIm OmEJm& 6 ‘B©
1924 H mo ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo EH AÝ` ~oQ r H mo OÝ‘ {X`m& ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm,
51
XmoZm| Wmo‹S o go {Zame hþE Š`m|{H CÝh| MmMm emÝVdZ amd H mo XoZo Ho {cE EH
~Qo m Mm{hE Wm& Š`m{|H ZdOmV {eew ~Qo r Wr Bg{cE emÝVercm Zm‘ {X`m J`m&
VrZ NmoQ o ~ÀMm| Zo ‘oar ‘mVmOr H s dH sc ~ZZo H s gmar AmemE§ g‘má
H a Xt& AV: CÝhm|Zo dH sc ~ZZo H s Amem Ë`mJ Xr& df© 1926 ‘| 10 OyZ
H mo ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo EH nwÌ H mo OÝ‘ {X`m& CZH m Zm‘ {dZ` Hw ‘ma aIm J`m
Omo ~mcmgm{h~ Ho Zm‘ go {d»`mV hþE& df© 1927 ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Zo qNXdm‹S m
H m ~§Jcm am`~hmXwa ‘cH H mo ~oM {X`m& am`~hmXwa ‘cH ~moham g‘wXm` Ho
AmÜ`mpË‘H ‘wpI`m Wo& ~moham cmoJ ‘wgc‘mZm| H m hr EH A§J h¡ Omo Y‘© H s
‘w»` Ymam go AcJ hmo J`m h¡& gX¡d Ho {cE ‘oao {nVmOr ZmJnwa ñWmZm§V[aV
hmo JE, V~ lr‘mVmOr Ho dc nm±M df© H s Wt&
lr‘mVmOr H s ñ‘aUepŠV ‘hmZ h¡& newAm| go ^r CÝh| ~hþV ào‘ h¡&
qNXdm‹S m Ho Ka ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Zo EH ~ÝXa, Hw Îmm Am¡a EH VmoVm nmco hþE Wo&
‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H O~ dmo ZmJnwa Am JE Vmo lr‘mVmOr BZ g^r
nmcVw new-n{j`m| H mo `mX H aVt Am¡a CZHo Zm‘ coH a CÝh| nwH maVt&
~MnZ go hr do {M{‹S `m| Am¡a H ~yVam| Ho {cE ~JrMo ‘| Mmdc ’¡ cm XoVr& h‘mam
qNXdm‹S m H m Ka CÝh| AË`ÝV ñnîQ ê n go `mX Wm Am¡a EH {XZ CÝhm|Zo Cg
Ka H m ~hþV hr AÀNm ZŠem ~Zm`m Wm& CÝhm|Zo `h ^r ~Vm`m {H CZH m
OÝ‘ Ka Ho {H g ñWmZ na hþAm Wm& CÝh| AnZm OÝ‘ ^r `mX Wm Am¡a OÝ‘
Ho g‘` CnpñWV g^r ì`pŠV`m|§ H s ^r `mX Wr& ‘oao ~‹S o MmMm H m Ka,
CZH m ~JrMm ^r CÝh| `mX Wm& ~mX ‘| CÝhm|Zo ZXr Ho {df` ‘| ^r ~Vm`m Wm&
AË`ÝV h¡amZr H s ~mV Wr {H Ho dc Mma df© H s Am`w ‘| {H g àH ma do g^r
Hw N BVZm ñnîQ ê n go ñ‘aU H a gH Vr Wt! do AË`ÝV gÝVwîQ {eew Wt
Am¡a XyY Ho {cE ^r H ^r Zht amoBª& CÝh| {Z`{‘V ê n go g‘` na XyY {X`m
OmVm Wm naÝVw EH {XZ Am`m XyY XoZm ^yc JB©& {’ a ^r do (lr‘mVmOr) amoBª
VH Zht Am¡a Z ò ~Vm`m {H do ^yIr h¢&
52
AÜ`m`-3
1827 go 1933
~Vm©Zdr gm‘«mÁ¶ H m AmJ‘Z
lr‘mVmOr Ho OÝ‘ Ho g‘` {~«{Qe amO ~wcpÝX`m| na Wm& `hm± na ò

dU©Z H a XoZm C{MV hmoJm {H ^maV ‘| A§J«oO {H g àH ma Am¡a Š`m| AmE ?
df© 1599 ‘| SM (Dutch) ì`mnm[a`m| Zo, Omo {H ~Vm©{Z`m Ho gmW
‘gmcm| H m ì`mnma H a aho Wo, ‘gmcm| Ho Xm‘ Ho dc nm±M VwÀN {eqcJ à{V
nm¡ÊS Ho {hgm~ go ~‹T m {Xò& Xm‘ ~‹T mò OmZo Ho H maU {~«{Qe ì`mnm[a`m| Zo
dhm± na AnZr EH H ånZr ~Zm cr& 31 {Xgå~a 1599 H mo ‘hmamZr
E{cμOm~oW àW‘ Zo emhr ’ a‘mZ na hñVmja {H ò Am¡a Bg H ånZr H mo Ho n
Am°’ JwS hmon (Cape of Good Hope) Ho nao Ho Xoem| ‘| nÝÐh dfm] Ho {cE
ì`mnma H aZo H m EH ‘mÌ A{YH mar ~Zm {X`m&
AmR ‘mh hoŠQa (Hector) Zm‘H nm±M gm¡ QZ J¡cZ Ho EH g‘wX«r OhmμO
Zo ~å~B© (AmOH c ‘wå~B©) Ho g‘rn gyaV H s NmoQ r gr ~ÝXaJmh ‘| c§Ja
Smco& ò OhmμO 24 AJñV 1600 Ho {XZ gyaV ~ÝXaJmh nhþ±Mm& Bg OhmμO
Ho H ámZ {d{c`‘ hm°{H Ýg (William Hawkins) Wo Š`m|{H CÝhm|Zo ^maV Am¡a
^maVr`m| Ho d¡^d Ho {df` ‘| ~hþV Hw N gwZm Wm Bg{cE ‘mUH (Rubies),
hrao (Diamond), gmoZm (Gold) Am{X Ho gmW-gmW H mcr {‘M© (Pepper),
gm|R (Ginger) Am¡a Zrc (Indigo) H s ImoO ‘| do dhm± Ho AmÝV[aH joÌm| ‘|
{ZH c n‹S o& ò g~ ‘gmco dhm± na ~hþVm`V ‘| CncãY Wo&
^m½`de do 70 H amo‹S cmoJm| Ho ‘hmamO Ohm±Jra Ho Xa~ma ‘| nhþ±M Jò&
‘oh‘mZ ZdmμOr ‘hmamOm Ohm±Jra H s Xw~©cVm Wr& CÝhm|Zo ~mOy ’¡ cmH a H ámZ
{d{c`‘ H m ñdmJV {H `m& ‘wJc g‘«mQ Zo H ámZ H mo Z Ho dc AnZo Xa~ma
H m gXñ` ~Zm`m ~pëH CÝh| ~hþV go Cnhma ^r {Xò {OZ‘| CZHo AÝVnwa
(Harem) H s EH gwÝXar ^r ^|Q H s, {Ogo ~mX ‘| A‘arH s Y‘© àMmaH m| Zo
B©gmB© ~Zm {X`m&
EH emhr ’ a‘mZ na hñVmja H aVo hþE g‘«mQ Zo B©ñQ BpÊS`m H ånZr
53
H mo ~å~B© Ho {ZH Q ì`mnma H aZo Ho {cE EH {Snmo ImocZo H s Amkm Xr& Bggo
nyd© ~å~B© H mo ‘w§~B© Ho Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm Wm AWm©V² ‘m± Aå~m& Vmo Bg àH ma
go A§J«oO ^maV ‘| nhþ±M Jò Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ZJam| Ho Zm‘ AnZo AZwgma H a {Xò
Š`m|{H ^maVr` Zm‘m| Ho CÀMmaU do Z H a nmVo Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr H hm H aVo Wo
{H {H gr A§J«oO H mo ^maVr` ^mfm n‹T mZm ~hþV H {RZ H m`© h¡& EH A§J«oO Zo
CZgo nyN m {H AnZo Zm¡H a H mo XadmOm ~ÝX H aZo d ImocZo Ho {cE dh {H g
àH ma H ho? XadmOm ImocZo H s {d{Y ~VmVo hþE CÝhm|Zo H hm, dh H ho,
"There was a cold day" XadmμOm ImocZo Am¡a XadmOm ~ÝX H aZo Ho {cE
"There was a Banker"& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H Bg àH ma do AnZr ~mV H mo ñnîQ
ê n go H h gH| Jo&
erK« hr ~Vm©Zdr ì`mnma ^maV ‘| g‘¥Õ hmo J`m& ha ‘hrZo ^maV Ho
~ÝXaJmhm| go ~Vm©{Z`m Ho {cE Xmo g‘wÐr OhmμO ‘gmco, Jm|X, MrZr, H ÀMm
aoe‘, ‘g{cZ, éB© Am¡a Zrc coH a OmVo Am¡a dmngr ‘| ^maV ‘| AnZm
ì`mnma ñWm{nV H aZo Ho BÀNw H ~hþV go CÚ{‘`m| H mo AnZo gmW cmVo&
grYo-gÀMo ^maVr` A§J«oOm| H m XmoZm| ~mh| ImocH a Xmo H maUm| go ñdmJV
H aVo: nhcm ò Wm {H ^maVr` AË`ÝV A~moY cmoJ Wo Omo A§Jo«O ì`mnm[a`m| Ho
~‹S o-~‹S o dMZm| ‘| `m dmXm| ‘| ’§ g Jò Wo Am¡a Xygao A§J«oOm| Zo AnZm H moB© ~mø
à`moOZ Zht Xem©`m Wm& Amaå^ ‘| dmñVd ‘o§ CZH s é{M ì`mnma hr Wr&
naÝVw Á`m| hr CÝhm|Zo ^maVr` ì`mnma H s AJmY gå^mì`Vm H mo g‘Pm Vmo
CÝhm|Zo amOZr{VH Am¡a àemgZmË‘H g§ñWmZ ~ZmZo Amaå^ H a {Xò& NmoQ o-
NmoQ o ^maVr` emgH m| H s Zr{V`m| ‘| XIb§XmμOr Zo CÝh| "’y Q Smcmo Am¡a
emgZ H amo' H m {gÕmÝV àXmZ {H `m Am¡a Bg àH ma ~Vm©Zdr amO Ho
ñWmnZm H s à{H« `m Amaå^ hmo J`r&
n[aUm‘ ñdê n ì`mnm[a`mo§ Am¡a CÚ{‘`m| Ho gmW-gmW Wmo‹S r-Wmo‹S r
g§»`m ‘| ~Vm©Zdr g¡{ZH ^r ^maV H s ^y{‘ na nhþ±MZo cJo& nQgZ (Á¶yQ )
Am¡a nQgZ go ~Zr MrμOm| ‘| Š`m|{H CZH s H m’ s é{M Wr Bg{cE CZH m
Ü`mZ ~§Jmc VWm CgHo Amg-nmg Ho joÌm| ‘| Ho pÝÐV hmo J`m Š`m|{H ò joÌ
g~go A{YH nQgZ CËnÝZ H aVo Wo& O~ Hw N O‘tXmam| Zo A§J«oOm| H mo AnZr
^y{‘ na nQgZ CJmZo `m nQgZ H m ì`mnma H aZo H s Amkm Z Xr Vmo Iw„‘-
54
Iw„m PJ‹S o H s pñW{V ~Z JB©& ~§Jmc Ho g‘rn pñWV ßbmgr Zm‘H ñWmZ Ho
μO‘tXma Zo J¡a H mZyZr A§J«oOm| H mo AnZr ^y{‘ go IXo‹S {X`m& A§J«oOm| Zo BgH m
à{VH ma {H `m Am¡a ~Vm©Zdr goZm Ho EH goZmn{V am°~©Q ŠbmBd (Robert
Clive) Zo μO‘tXma H s VWm Amg-nmg Ho emgH m| H s ’ m¡O Ho gmW IyZr
c‹S mB© b‹S r Omo ßbmgr Ho `wÕ Ho Zm‘ go à{gÕ hþB©&
Eo{Vhm{gH X¥pîQ go ßbmgr H m `wÕ ~Vm©Zdr gm‘«mÁ`dmX H m Amaå^ `m
CZHo {cE namdV©Z {~ÝXw (Turning Point) gm{~V hþAm& emgH m| Ho ~rM
A§J«oOm| Ûmam aMr JB© NmoQ r-NmoQ r H ch Ho H maU ò emgH A§J«oOm| Ho Nc-
H nQ Ho ghO ê n go {eH ma hmoVo Mco Jò& CZH s "’y Q Smcmo Am¡a emgZ
H amo' H s Zr{V Zo ~hþV cm^ nhþ±Mm`m& CZH s H m`©{d{Y Xmo emgH m| Ho ~rM
PJ‹S o H mo àmoËgmhZ XoZo H s Wr& do EH emgH H m gmW XoVo, Cgo Hw N A{YH
joÌ H m cmcM Xo XoVo Am¡a VËníMmV² gwajm àXmZ H aZo Ho {cE Cggo H a
dgyc H aVo& `Ú{n emgH Cg ^y{‘ H m H mZyZr ‘m{cH hmoVm {’ a ^r Bg
àH ma go dh A§J«oOm| H m Xmg ~Z OmVm Š`m|{H A§J«oO Cggo H a H s dgycr
H aVo Wo& grYo-gÀMo ^maVr` A§Jo«Om| H s Bg MmcmH s H mo V~ VH Zht g‘P
nmE O~-VH A§J«oO dmñVd ‘| Xoe Ho emgH Zht ~Z JE& ò pñW{V ~oamoH -
QmoH gZ² 1857 VH A§J«oOm| Ho ^maV nhþ±MZo Ho cJ^J 256 df© níMmV² VH
McVr ahr&
gZ² 1857 ‘| Pm±gr H s amZr cú‘r~mB© Zo A§J«oOm| Ho {déÕ `wÕ H s
KmofUm H s& IoX H s ~mV h¡ {H ^maVr` `Ú{n g§»`m ‘| H ht A{YH Wo,
CZHo nmg A§J«oOm| H s Vah go ~ÝXyHo § `m Vmon| Am{X Z Wt& Pm±gr H s amZr Zo
CZgo ñdXoer Vcdmam| Am¡a YZwfm| go `wÕ {H `m& `wÕ ‘| ^maVr` nam{OV hþE&
A§J«oOm| Zo Bg `wÕ H mo {dßbd `m ~Vm©Zdr gm‘«mÁ` Ho {déÕ {dÐmoh H s g§km
Xr& `wÕ ‘| Pm±gr H s amZr nam{OV Vmo hmo JB© naÝVw {Og ~hmXwar Ho gmW
CgZo ò ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ c‹S m, BgZo A§J«oOm| H mo hVà^ H a {X`m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
H hm, ""Pm±gr Vmo h‘| {‘c JB© h¡ naÝVw dñVwV: cú‘r~mB© Bg `wÕ H s Zm{`H m
h¢& AnZo em¡`© go do gwgp‚mV h¢&'' `h `wÕ ^maVr`m| Ho {cE ñdV§ÌVm g§Kf© Ho
AmÝXmocZ H m Amaå^ Wm& Amaå^ ‘| BŠH s-XwŠH s KQZmAm| go ò AmÝXmocZ
J{V nH ‹S Zo cJm& Á`m|-Á`m| H«y aVm Ed§ {ZX©`Vm nyd©H A§J«oO A~moY cmoJm| H s
55
hË`mAm| H m {gc{gcm ~‹T mVo Jò ^maVr`m| Ho ‘Z ‘| ñdV§ÌVm àm{á Ho {cE
`wÕ H s BÀNm ~cdVr hmoVr JB©& {OVZm A{YH A§Jo«Om| Zo ñdV§ÌVm AmÝXmocZ
H mo Hw Mcm, AmÝXmocZ CVZm hr gwX¥‹T hþAm& 19 dt eVmãXr Ho AÝV VH
A§J«oOm| H s g‘P ‘| ò ~mV Am JB© {H AmO Zht Vmo H c, AÝVV: CÝh| ^maV
Nmo‹S Zm hr hmoJm&
~rgdt eVmãXr Ho Amaå^ ‘| àW‘ {díd `wÕ Ho Amaå^ Zo A§J«oOm| H mo
Wmo‹S m gm M¡Z àXmZ {H `m Š`m|{H Cg g‘` àmW{‘H VmE§ ~Xc JB§© Am¡a
^maVr`m| Zo ^r àW‘ {díd `wÕ ‘| c‹S Zo H m {ZíM` {H `m& naÝVw `wÕ Ho
g‘má hmoVo hr ~hþV go ‘hmZ ZoVm EH OwQ hmo JE& ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ Ho ‘§M na
‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr àH Q hþE Am¡a ^maVr` CZHo Mhþ±Amoa Bg àH ma EH Ì hmo Jò
‘mZmo ‘grhm (‘wpŠVXmVm) AdV[aV hmo J`m hmo&
df© 1925 ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr nhcr ~ma ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr go {‘co& EH em‘
Ý`m`mc` go cm¡Q Vo hþE qNXdm‹S m OmVo hþE ZmJnwa aocdo ñQoeZ Ho amñVo na
O~ do Wo Vmo CÝhm|Zo ñQoeZ Ho amñVo na pñWV H ËWya MÝX nmH© ‘| EH ~hþV
~‹S r ^r‹S H mo XoIm& EH AË`ÝV Xw~©c eara H m ì`pŠV Bg ^r‹S H mo
gå~mo{YV H a ahm Wm& nyN VmN H aZo na CÝh| nVm Mcm {H g^m H mo
gå~mo{YV H aZo dmco ì`pŠV ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Wo& O¡go nhco dU©Z {H `m Om MwH m
h¡, ‘oao {nVmOr amîQ´ dmXr Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Am¡a CZHo AqhgmË‘H
AmÝXmocZ Ho {df` ‘| gwZm Wm& AV: CËgwH Vmde CÝhm|Zo Cg g^m ‘| ^mJ
{c`m& ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr A§J«oOm| H s Jwcm‘r, ^maVr`m| Ho ñdV§ÌVm A{YH ma Ho
{df` ‘| ~mV H aVo hþE H h aho Wo {H ha AmË‘gå‘mZ dmco ^maVr` H mo
Aqhgm AmÝXmocZ ‘| ^mJ coZm Mm{hE Š`m|{H AnZr hr ‘mV¥^y{‘ ‘| do XmgVm
H s O§Oram| ‘| OH ‹S o hþE h¢&
‘oao {nVmOr na Bg ^mfU H m JhZ à^md n‹S m, Ho dc Bg{cE Zht {H
dh nyar Vah go amîQ´ dmXr Wo naÝVw Bg{cE ^r Š`m|{H do Bg ~mV H mo nyar Vah
go ‘mZVo Wo {H Jwcm‘ hmoVo hþE gå‘mZnyd©H ah nmZm Agå^d Wm& `Ú{n
A§J«oOm| Zo CÝh| pIVm~ àXmZ {H `m Wm, `Ú{n do B©gmB© ^r Wo {’ a ^r A§J«oOmo§
Ho {déÕ {dÐmoh H aZo H s Amdí`H Vm CÝh| ‘hgyg hþB©&
56
qNXdm‹S m dm{ng OmVo hþE CÝhm|Zo amîQ´ r` Aqhgm AmÝXmocZ ‘| ^mJ coZo
Ho n[aUm‘m| na JhZVm go {dMma {H `m& BgHo {df` ‘| CÝhm|Zo ‘oar ‘mVmOr go
^r ~mV H s& Š`m|{H dmo ^r XmgVm H s njYa Z Wr& n[aUm‘ñdê n XmoZm| Zo
ZmJnwa go cJ^J Añgr {H cmo‘rQa Xya pñWV Jm±Yr Or Ho godmJ«m‘ Aml‘ ‘|
CZgo {‘cZo H m {ZU©` {c`m& ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo ~Vm`m {H AnZo ñnîQ {dMmam|,
X¥‹T {dídmg Am¡a Aqhgm AmÝXmocZ ‘| X¥‹T lÕm go ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Zo BZ XmoZm|
H mo ~hþV à^m{dV {H `m& CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go H m§J«og ‘| gpå‘{cV hmoZo Ho
{cE H hm& ^maV na emgZ H aZo H m A§J«oOm| H mo H moB© H mZyZr A{YH ma Zht h¡
Am¡a g^r ^maVr`m| H m ò àW‘ H V©ì` Wm {H {~Zm {H gr nmdZVm, {ddoH `m
A{YH ma Ho ^maV na emgZ H a aho A§J«oOm| H mo ^maV ^y{‘ go CIm‹S ’| H| &
Bg {‘cZ H m dm§{NV à^md hþAm& ‘oao {nVmOr godmJ«m‘ go qNXdm‹S m
cm¡Q Amò Am¡a ~mX ‘| ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H godmJ«m‘ go cm¡Q Vo hþE ‘oao
{nVmOr AË`ÝV H¥ V-g§H ën àVrV hmo aho Wo Am¡a AË`ÝV ‘m¡Z Wo& ñnîQV:
CZHo ‘pñVîH ‘| ‘§WZ Mc ahm Wm& qNXdm‹S m nhþ±MH a nhcm H m`© Omo
CÝhm|Zo {H `m dh Wm EH Iwco ‘¡XmZ ‘| gmar OZVm Ho gå‘wI AnZo {dXoer
gyQ m| H mo Ocm XoZm& O¡gm nhco ~Vm`m Om MwH m h¡ ‘oao {nVmOr AÀNo-AÀNo
dñÌm| Ho ~hþV em¡H sZ Wo& naÝVw `{X CÝh| H m§J«og ‘| gpå‘{cV hmoZm Wm Vmo
CÝh| nyar Vah go H m§J«ogr ~ZZm Amdí`H Wm& OZVm Ho gå‘wI AnZo gyQ m|
H mo OcmH a àW‘ ñWmZ na CÝhmoZo ‘h§Jo gyQ mo| Ho à{V Ë`mJ ^mdZm H s
A{^ì`pŠV H s, YZ Ho à{V AnZr Ë`mJ H s ^mdZm H mo ì`ŠV {H `m Am¡a
AÝV ‘| gyQ Z nhZZo Ho H maU AnZr à{VîRm H s H ‘r Ho à{V nyU© Ë`mJ Ho
^md H mo àH Q {H `m& ‘moVr cmc Zohé (Odmha cmc Zohé Ho {nVm) Am¡a
‘mohå‘X Acr {OÝZm O¡go Hw N AÝ` ZoVmAm| H s Vah go ‘oao {nVmOr ‘|
amîQ´ r` AmÝXmocZ Ho cú` H mo àmá H aZo ‘| Xw{dYm (Duality) Zht Wr& ‘oao
{nVmOr H mo `{X amîQ´ dmXr ~ZZm Wm Vmo {~Zm {H gr g‘Pm¡Vo Ho nyar Vah go
amîQ´ dmXr ~ZZm Wm& {dXoer dñÌm| H mo nyar OZVm Ho gå‘wI OcmZo Ho
qNXdm‹S m Ho cmoJm| VWm dhm± ahZo dmco A§J«oOm| na n‹S o à^md H s ‘¢ ^cr^m§{V
H ënZm H a gH Vm hÿ±& A§J«oOm| Ho à{V Iw„‘-Iw„m {dX«moh H aZo H m ‘oao
{nVmOr H m `h àW‘ H m`© Wm& BgHo níMmV² ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr Zo hmW go
57
H Vo gyV go ~Zr ImXr nhZZr Amaå^ H a Xr Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘¥Ë`w n`©ÝV ImXr
hr nhZr& df© 1927 ‘| ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Ho AZwamoY na ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ZmJnwa
ñWmZm§V[aV hmoZo H m {ZU©` {H `m Š`m|{H Jm±Yr Or MmhVo Wo {H H m§J«og
AmÝXmocZ go gå~pÝYV cmoJm| Ho Anam{YH ‘m‘cm| H mo do Ý`m`mc` ‘| Am¡a
A{YH à^mdemcr T§J go XoI gH| & df© 1930 ‘o§ ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Zo
Amdí`H Vm H s MrμO Z‘H na H a cJmò OmZo H m {damoY Amaå^ {H `m&
CZH s YmaUm ò Wr {H {dXoer A§J«oO ^maV ‘| ^maVr`m| Ûmam ~Zmò Jò Z‘H
na H a {H g àH ma cJm gH Vo h¢? à{gÕ Sm§S r `mÌm, Omo CÝhm|Zo gm~a‘Vr
Aml‘ go Sm§S r VH H s, CZHo {dídmg Am¡a nŠH s YmaUm H s àVrH Wr& Bg
`mÌm H m Am‘ OZVm na M‘ËH m[aH à^md hþAm Am¡a nyam amîQ´ EH hmoH a
A§J«oOm| go c‹S Zo Ho {cE I‹S m hmo J`m&
ZmJnwa ‘| ñWmZr` H m§J«og ZoVmAm| {OZ‘| ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr ^r Wo, H mo
àm`: Ooc OmZm n‹S Vm Wm& Bgr ~rM n[adma H m AmH ma ^r Am¡a ~‹T J`m Wm&
AJñV Ho {XZ EH Am¡a ~oQ r BÝXw~mcm Zo OÝ‘ {c`m& 28 OyZ 1930 H mo EH
Am¡a c‹S H s e{eH cm H m OÝ‘ hþAm& Bgr g‘` Ho ~rM n[adma Ho Hw N cmoJm|
H s ‘¥Ë`w ^r hþB©& XmXr gIw ~mB© 1925 ‘| ñdJ©dmg hþBª Am¡a 1 Zdå~a 1931
H mo ‘oar EH ~hZ {d‘cm ‘¥Ë`w H mo àmá hþB©& df© 1930 go 1933 H m g‘`
Eogm Wm {Og‘| ^maV Ho cmoJ ñdV§ÌVm AmÝXmocZ Ho Omoe ‘| ì`ñV Wo&
cJ^J ha em‘ H mo ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm H mo g^mAm| ‘| OmZm n‹S Vm Wm Am¡a
’ m¡OXmar dH sc Ho ê n ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H s dH mcV g‘¥Õ hmo ahr Wr& ‘oao
‘mVm-{nVmOr Ho nmg Š`m|{H ~ÀMm| H s XoI^mc H aZo Ho {cE ~hþV H ‘
g‘` hmoVm Wm Am¡a Š`m|{H n[adma ~‹T ahm Wm, gX¡d ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm ~‹S o Ka
H s Vcme ‘| ahVo& n[adma Ho ~‹S o ~ÀMo ñHy c d H m°coO H s n‹T mB© ‘| ì`ñV
ahVo& df© 1932 ‘| ‘oar ~‹S r ~hZ C{‘©cm Zo ZrcH m§V ZmJH a go {ddmh
{H `m& do nw{cg A{YH mar Wo AV: dh AnZo n{V Ho `hm± Mcr JB©&
Š`m|{H ‘oar ‘m± H mo Ka Ho H m‘-Y§Yo H aZo H s ’w agV Z Wr Am¡a
lr‘mVmOr go ~‹S o ^mB©-~hZ AnZr n‹T mB© VWm J{V{d{Y`m| ‘| ì`ñV Wo
lr‘mVmOr Zo gmV `m AmR df© H s H mo‘c Am`w ‘| hr nyao Ka H mo McmZo H s
{Oå‘oXmar AnZo H§ Ym| na coZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& AnZo {Xc Am¡a {X‘mJ Ho JwUm|
58
Ho H maU A~ VH do g^r H s {à` ~Z MwH s Wt, Bg{cE Ka H mo McmZo, ~‹S o
^mB©-~hZm| H s Oê aV| nyar H aZo Amoa NmoQ m| H s XoI^mc H aZo H m H m`©^ma
ñdm^m{dH ê n go CZ na Am J`m& Amaå^ ‘| BVZo NmoQ o ~ÀMo H mo nyao Ka H m
^ma gm¢nZo ‘| ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo g§H moM hþAm& naÝVw erK« hr CÝhm|Zo Bg ~mV H mo
‘hgyg {H `m {H CZH s ~oQ r AË`ÝV gj‘ h¡ Am¡a Cg‘| Z Ho dc amoμO‘am© Ho
J¥hñW H s g‘ñ`mAm| H mo gå^mcZo H s j‘Vm h¡ ~pëH ‘oao {nVmOr Ho nmg
AmZo dmco gå~pÝY`m| H s XoI^mc H aZo H s ^r j‘Vm h¡& ‘oao {nVmOr Xw~©cVm
H s gr‘m VH ‘oh‘mZZdmμO Wo&
1932 ‘| EH ~ma {’ a, gmVdt ~ma ‘oar ‘m± J^©dVr Wt& CÝhm|Zo ~mX ‘|
‘wPo ~Vm`m Wm {H Bg J^© go do àgÝZ Zht Wt& ~hþV go ~ÀMm| H s XoI^mc
H s {Oå‘oXmar ‘| ~mYm SmcZo Ho gmW-gmW ò J^© Xoe ‘| J{V nH ‹S Vr hþB©
amOZr{VH J{V{d{Y`m| ‘| ^r ~mYm SmcVm& O~ ~ÀMo H m OÝ‘ cJ^J g‘rn
Wm Vmo CÝhm|Zo EH ~ma {’ a ñdV§Ì Ky‘Vo hþE eoa H mo XoIZo H s BÀNm ì`ŠV H s
naÝVw Eogm K{QV Z hmo nm`m Š`m|{H ‘oao {nVmOr AnZr dH mcV VWm
amOZr{V ‘| ~hþV ì`ñV Wo& do CÝh| ñWmZr` {M{‹S `mKa co JE Am¡a dhm± CÝh|
qnOao ‘| ~ÝX eoa {XIm`m& BZ n[apñW{V`m| ‘| 2 ‘B©, 1933 H mo ZmJnwa Ho
‘mohZ ZJa aËZ‘ ~m~y ‘wX{cà Ho Ka ‘| ‘oam OÝ‘ hþAm&
59
AÜ`m`-4
1933 go 1947
lr‘mVmOr Ho {ddmh VH ‘oam e¡edH mb
‘¢ AnZo {nVmOr H m ~mahdm± Am¡a ‘mVmOr H m gmVdm± ~ƒm Wm& n[adma ‘|

g~go NmoQ m hmoZo Ho H maU ‘oao gmao ^mB© ~hZ ‘oar XoI^mc H aZm MmhVo Wo&
A~ VH lr‘mVmOr 10 df© H s hmo JB© Wt Am¡a, O¡go ‘¢ dU©Z H a MwH m hÿ±, do
nyar J¥hñWr H s Amdí`H VmAm| H mo XoIVr Wt& lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘hgyg {H `m {H
amOZr{VH J{V{d{Y`m| Ho H maU ‘oar ‘mVmOr dm§{NV ê n go ‘oam Ü`mZ Z aI
nm ahr Wt Am¡a n[aUm‘ñdê n CÝhm|Zo (lr‘mVmOr Zo) AnZr gwajm àXmZ
H aZr Amaå^ H a Xr& AnZo ~MnZ H m g~go nhcm g§ñ‘aU V~ H m h¡ O~
h‘ KmQ amoS pñWV lr.{MÎmZdrg Ho {demc Ka ‘| Rhao Wo& ò Ka H m±M ~§Jcm
Ho Zm‘ go à{gÕ Wm Š`m|{H ‘w»` g‹S H H s Amoa IwcZo dmcr ~hþV gr
pI‹S {H `m± Bg‘| cJr hþB© Wr {OZ‘| a§J {~a§Jo ereo cJmE JE Wo&
‘oao {dMma go df© 1936 ‘|§ h‘Zo Ka ñWmZm§V[aV {H `m Am¡a ZmJnwa H s
ZB© H mcmoZr ‘| lr.~oJ Ho Ka ‘| AmE& df© 1937 ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr ZmJnwa
ZJanm{cH m Ho AÜ`j MwZo JE Am¡a Bg nX na do df© 1939 VH aho& Bg df©
‘| ‘oao OrdZ ‘| Xmo Ah‘² KQZmE§ KQr& nhcr KQZm Vmo ò Wr {H ‘wPo ‘O~ya
H aHo ñHy c ôOm J`m Š`m|{H AÝ` ~hþV go ~ÀMm| H s Vah go ñHy c OmZm
‘wPo ^r ngÝX Z Wm& ‘¢ Š`m|{H ZmJnwa Ho ‘oà H m nwÌ Wm Bg{cE AÜ`mnH
‘oao à{V H¥ nmcw Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo BÀNmZwgma {dÚmc` AmZo Am¡a OmZo H s
BOmOV Xo Xr& naÝVw O~-O~ ^r ‘¢ ñHy c Ho g‘` go nyd© Ka nhþ±Mm Vmo ‘oar
‘mVmOr Zo VwaÝV ‘wPo ñHy c dm{ng {Ôdm {X`m& ‘¢Zo nhco ^r H hm h¡ {H `h
AË`ÝV Ah‘² KQZm Wr Š`m|{H ~hþV NmoQ r Am`w ‘| hr lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo {ejm
Ho ‘hËd Ho {df` ‘| VWm OrdZ ‘| nX àm{á Ho {df` ‘| ~Vm`m Wm& Z MmhVo
hþE ^r ñHy c OmZo Ho {cE ‘wPo gh‘V hmoZm n‹S m& Omo grI CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo Cg
g‘` Xr Wr Cgo ‘oar e¡{jH n¥îR ^y{‘ H s Ztd ‘mZm Om gH Vm h¡& Xygar
KQZm ‘oam ‘¥Ë`w Ho AW© H mo g‘PZm h¡&
60
lr.~oJ Ho g~go NmoQ o nwÌ H m{Xa H s ~mah-Voah df© H s AË`ÝV NmoQ r
Am`w ‘| {Z‘mo{Z`m go ‘¥Ë`w hmo JB©& `Ú{n dh ‘oao go H m’ s df© ~‹S m Wm naÝVw
h‘ XmoZm| ~hþV AÀNo {‘Ì Wo Am¡a ò g‘P nmZm ‘oao {cE Agå^d Wm {H Cg
O¡gm BVZm A~moY Am¡a ß`mam ì`pŠV ‘¥Ë`w Ho Xw:I VWm XÊS H mo àmá hmo
gH Vm h¡! Cg amV, ‘wPo `mX h¡, ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr go ‘¥Ë`w Ho {df` ‘| nyN m Wm
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo g‘PmZo H m à`ËZ {H `m Wm, EH {XZ g^r H mo ‘aZm h¡&
naÝVw H m{Xa O¡go cmoJ AnZo JwUm| Ho H maU cmoJm| Ho {Xcm| ‘| Or{dV ah|Jo&
B©‘mZXmar go ~VmVo hþE, ‘¢ CZH s ~mV H mo Z g‘P nm`m {H do Š`m H h ahr
h¢& ò g‘P nmZm N: df© Ho ~ÀMo Ho {cE Agå^d Wm {H ‘¥Ë`monam§V ^r
ì`pŠV Or{dV ah gH Vm h¡& ~hþV df© níMmV² AnZo EH àdMZ ‘| lr‘mVmOr
Zo ~Vm`m {H ‘¥Ë`w OrdZ H m A{^ÝZ A§J h¡ Am¡a Omo ‘aVm h¡ dhr nwZ: OÝ‘
coVm h¡& naÝVw Omo ‘aVm Zht h¡ dh OÝ‘ ^r Zht coVm-AWm©V² "AmË‘m'&
CÝhm|Zo AnZo Bgr àdMZ ‘| `h ^r dU©Z {H `m {H ‘mZd Ho JwU VWm ‘yë`
{Za§Va h¢ Am¡a ‘¥Ë`w Ho CnamÝV ^r ~Zo ahVo h¢& Cg NmoQ r Am`w ‘| ‘oao {cE
H m{Xa H s ‘¥Ë`w Cg na na‘mË‘m H s Wmonr hþB© H«y aVm Wr& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Ho
àdMZ Zo A~ ‘wPo ‘¥Ë`w H m gÀMm AW© g‘Pm {X`m h¡ {H `Ú{n ì`pŠV H s
‘¥Ë`w hmo OmVr h¡ V~ ^r dh cmoJm| Ho {dMmam| ‘| `m B{Vhmg ‘| Or{dV ah gH Vm
h¡ O¡go ‘hmZ Xoe^ŠV `m ‘hmZ AmÜ`mpË‘H cmoJ Or{dV ahVo h¢&
‘oao {nVmOr Zo EH Jm` aI cr Wr Vm{H h‘ cmoJ ewÕ XyY àmá H a
gH| & Kmg MaZo Ho {cE Xm¡‹S OmZm Cg Jm` H s {deof AmXV Wr Am¡a Omo
Xy{Y`m Jm` H s XoI^mc H aZo Ho {cE aIm J`m Wm, H ^r Jm` H mo ImoO Z
nmVm& naÝVw {H gr Vah go Jm` Ho Nw nZo Ho g^r ñWmZ ‘¢Zo OmZ {cE Wo Am¡a
O~-O~ Xy{Y`m Imcr hmW cm¡Q Vm ‘oar ‘m± ‘wPo Jm` H mo cmZo Ho {cE ôOVr&
Jm` O~ ‘wPo {‘cVr Vmo ‘¢ Cg na Iy~ {M„mVm Am¡a dmo AË`ÝV empÝV go ‘wPo
gwZVr (`m em`X ‘¢ Eogm gmoMVm Wm)& dm{ng cmVo hþE ‘¢ Cgo Imgr {ejm
XoVm Am¡a ñd`§ H mo Madmhm ‘mZ coVm & nyao n[adma Ho cmoJ Bg ~mV na ‘oam
Iy~ ‘μOmH C‹S mVo&
J{‘©`m| ‘| h‘ cmoJ amV H mo Iwco ‘| gmoVo& n[adma Ho g^r gXñ`m| H s
AnZr-AnZr MmanmB© hmoVr& H Rmoa AZwemgZ {à` hmoZo Ho H maU ‘oar
61
‘mVmOr H s H ‹S r {hXm`V hmoVr {H ha ì`pŠV AnZo hr {~ñVa na gmoEJm,
Xygao ^mB© ~hZ Ho {~ñVa ‘| H moB© Zht gmoEJm& naÝVw do O~ ‘oao {nVmOr Ho
gmW amOZr{VH g^mAm| ‘| OmVt Vmo lr‘mVmOr Ho gmW ‘oar Jwn-Mwn
aμOm‘ÝXr hmoVr& O~-O~ ‘m± ~mha hmoVr Vmo ‘¢ CZHo {~ñVa ‘| MwnHo go Kwg
OmVm Am¡a AnZr ~mhm| ‘| coH a dmo ‘wPo ào‘ go Wn-WnmVt Am¡a ào‘ go ‘wPo
AnZr ~mhm| ‘| â coVt& naÝVw ‘wPo Bg ~mV Ho {cE {dídñV H aZm hmoVm Wm
{H ‘oam {~ñVa Eogo {XImB© XoJm {H ‘¢ dhm± gmo`m Wm& ò H m`© {~ñVa H s MmXa
Ho ZrMo {gamhZo H mo Bg àH ma aIH a {H `m OmVm {Oggo Eogm àVrV hmoVm
{H H moB© {~ñVa ‘| MmXa Ho AÝXa coQ m hþAm h¡& gw~h-gw~h ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm
g¡a H aZo Ho {cE Om`m H aVo Wo Bg{cE lr‘mVmOr ‘wPo OëXr OJm XoVt& ‘oao
‘mVm-{nVm Ho g¡a na OmZo go nyd© MwnHo go ‘¢ AnZo {~ñVa ‘| pIgH OmVm&
ò g~ Hw N AË`ÝV g’ cVmnyd©H McVm ahm& naÝVw EH {XZ AMmZH ‘oar
‘mVmOr {ZarjU Ho {cE Am JBª& CÝhm|Zo O~ ‘wPo lr‘mVmOr Ho {~ñVa ‘|
XoIm Vmo ‘¢Zo Jhar ZtX ‘| hmoZo H m ~hmZm {H `m& ‘oam öX` VoOr go Y‹S H ahm
Wm Š`m|{H ‘¢ OmZVm Wm {H ‘wPo XÊS {‘cZo dmcm h¡& naÝVw Bg ~ma ^r
lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~Mm {c`m& CÝhm|Zo ‘m± go H hm {H ‘wPo Eogo cJ ahm Wm {H
~m~m Sa ahm h¡ Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo AnZo gmW gmoZo Ho {cE H hm Wm& CZH s
Bg MoîQm Zo ‘wPo ~hþV gwajm àXmZ H s Am¡a ‘¢ ò ~mV g‘P J`m {H
lr‘mVmOr hr ‘oar gÀMr ew^{MÝVH Am¡a ajH h¢ Am¡a `{X H moB© ‘wPo AnZr
‘m± Ho H Rmoa AZwemgZ go ~Mm gH Vm h¡ Vmo do lr‘mVmOr h¢&
lr‘mVmOr h‘| gX¡d ~Vm`m H aVr Wt {H h‘mar ‘m± H s H RmoaVm Am¡a
AZwemgZ Ho nrNo {hV H s ^mdZm hmoVr Wr Am¡a h‘mao {hV ‘| do `h AZwemgZ
MmhVr Wt& AmO O~ ‘¢ AÝXa Pm±H H a XoIVm hÿ± Vmo ‘wPo g‘P AmVm h¡ {H
‘oar ‘m± Zo Omo ‘yë` h‘‘| âo Wo dmo {H VZo AÀNo Wo& ~MnZ ‘| {OZ MrOm| H m
h‘Zo {damoY {H `m Wm AmO h‘ CÝht H m doX dmŠ` ‘mZH a gå‘mZ H aVo h¢&
df© 1940 ‘| EH ~ma {’ a h‘Zo J¥h n[adV©Z {H `m Am¡a ‘mC§Q amo‹S
~§Jco ‘| Am JE& ‘oao {nVmOr H s dH mcV M‘H CRr Wr Am¡a A~ h‘mao nmg
AnZr H ma Wr, Qm±Jm Wm, godm Ho {cE H B© Zm¡H a Wo& Ym|S² `m (Dhondya) Zm‘
H m h‘mam EH S´ mBda Wm {Oggo ‘oar ~‹S r XmoñVr hmo JB©& CgZo ‘wPo H ma H s
62
gmar VH Zr{H `m± ~VmB§© Š`m|{H ‘wPo BZ‘o§ ~hþV {XcMñnr Wr Am¡a ‘¢ ~hþV
OëXr grIVm ^r Wm& ‘moQ a H ma B§Or{Zà ~ZZm ‘oam ñdßZ Wm& naÝVw
lr‘mVmOr h‘oem `hr H hm H aVr Wt {H ‘erZm| H s ‘aå‘V Ho H m‘ ‘| H moB©
‘m¡{cH Vm (Originality) Zht hmoVr& dmo ‘wPo gwPm`m H aVr Wt {H `{X ‘wPo
B§Or{Zà ~ZZm hr h¡ Vmo ‘¢ {g{dc B§Or{Zà ~Zy§ Vm{H gñVo ‘| Am¡a ZE
{H ñ‘ Ho Ka ~ZmH a J«m‘rU ^maV H s aMZm H aZo ‘| ghm`H hmoD §& dmo H hm
H aVr Wt {H do ñd`§ Sm°ŠQa ~ZH a Jar~ J«m‘rUm| H s godm H aZm MmhVr h¢& ò
H hZm AË`ÝV {damoYm^mg àVrV hmoJm Š`m|{H h‘ ñd§` AË`ÝV gwI‘`
(`{X Eoíd`©‘` Zht Vmo) OrdZ ì`VrV H aVo hþE ^maV Ho Xw:Ir cmoJm| Ho
{df` ‘| gmoMVo Wo& ò YmaUm lr‘mVmOr H s ‘yc ^mdZmAm| H mo Xem©Vr h¡&
`wdmH mc ‘| Omo `moOZmE§ h‘ ~ZmVo Wo dmo AmO ^r ‘wPo `mX h¢& nhcr eV© `h
Wr {H h‘‘| go H moB© ^r {ddmh Zht H aoJm, O§Jc ‘| EH Pmon‹S r ‘| ah|Jo Am¡a
`Wmgj‘ J«m‘rU ^maV H s godm H a|Jo& dmo gXm ‘oar H ënZmAm| H mo àmoËgm{hV
{H `m H aVr Wt Vm{H `wdm hmoZo Ho ZmVo H ht ‘¢ àcmo^Zm| ‘| Z ’§ g OmD §& df©
1931 ‘| O~ ‘oao {nVmOr H mo Ooc ôO {X`m J`m Vmo ‘oar XmoZm| ~hZm| H mo
{‘eZar ñHy c go {ZH mc {X`m J`m& MM© Zo ^r h‘| {ZH mc ’| H m& naÝVw O~
‘oao {nVmOr Ooc go ~mha AmE Am¡a dhm± Ho ‘oà ~Z JE Vmo CZ g~ Zo h‘mao
n[adma Ho à{V X¥pîQH moU ~Xc {XE& J¥h n[adV©Z Ho H maU ‘oar ‘m± Zo ‘wPo
Xygao ñHy c ôO {X`m& h‘mao n[adma H m ò A{cpIV {dYmZ Wm {H h‘‘| go
H moB© ^r {‘eZar ñHy c Zht OmEJm& ‘w»`V: BgH m `h H maU Wm {H A§J«oOr
‘mÜ`‘ ñHy c A§J«oOm| Ho njYa Wo Am¡a ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm H m ò ‘mZZm Wm {H
àm§Vr` ^mfm ‘| àmá H s JB© {ejm AnZo ‘hmZ Xoe H s g§ñH¥ {V Am¡a {damgV
H mo g‘PZo ‘| AË`ÝV ghm`H hmoJr& AV: Amaå^ ‘| ‘¢ EH àmW{‘H ñHy c
J`m {OgH m Zm‘ MmoIm ‘ocm Wm& `h Zm‘ ANy V Om{V Ho EH gÝV Ho Zm‘
na aIm J`m Wm& BgHo ~mX ‘¢ QoH ‹S r Zm‘H ñHy c ‘| J`m {Ogo ZJanm{cH m
McmVr Wr& `h ñHy c gaH mar ~§Jco Ho g‘rn nhm‹S H s MmoQ r na pñWV Wm&
ZmJnwa Ho ‘oà H m nwÌ hmoZo Ho ZmVo ‘oao {cE μO‘rZ na QmQ H s nÅr na
~¡R Zm ~hþV H îQH a Wm& EH {XZ ‘oam Ah§ dmñVd ‘| ^‹S H CRm& ‘¢ AÜ`mnH
Ho nmg J`m Am¡a CZgo H hm, {H μO‘rZ na ~¡R Zm ‘oao {cE ~hþV H {RZ h¡&
63
μO‘rZ Ho dc Qo‹T r hr Zht h¡ μO‘rZ na ~¡R Zm H îQH a ^r h¡& ~oMmao AÜ`mnH
Zo Zm¡H ar OmZo Ho ^` go K~amH a ‘wPo AnZr Hw gu noe H s Am¡a Cg na
~¡R H a ‘¢ ’y cm Z g‘m`m& naÝVw ‘oao Xw^m©½`de (`m ‘¢ H hy§ {H ^m½`de) Bg
‘m‘co H s I~a ‘oar ‘m± VH JB© Am¡a CZHo {cE ò ~mV ghZ H aZm ~hþV
H {RZ Wm {H ‘oà nwÌ hmoZo Ho H maU CZHo ~oQ o go {deof ì`dhma {H `m Om
ahm h¡& AJco {XZ VwaÝV do ‘wPo ñHy c coH a JBª Am¡a ‘wPo n¥Ïdr na {~Rm`m
VWm AÜ`mnH H mo MoVmdZr Xr `{X ‘oao ~oQ o go {deof àH ma H m ì`dhma {H `m
J`m Vmo CZH s Zm¡H ar Mcr OmEJr& AÜ`mnH H s Xw{dYm H s Amn H ënZm H a
gH Vo h¢& ‘¢ ñdrH ma H aVm hÿ± {H `Ú{n Cg g‘` AnZr ‘m± Ho à{V ‘oao ‘Z
‘| H ‹S dmhQ â JB© Wr co{H Z Cg g‘` ‘oao Ah§ H s Omo {nQmB© hþB© CgZo ‘wPo
{dZ‘« VWm A{YH AmË‘{Z^©a ~ZZo ‘| ~hþV ghm`Vm H s& ñHy c Ho à{V ‘oar
K¥Um H ‘ Z hþB© Am¡a gX¡d ñHy c Z OmZo Ho {cE ~hmZo ImoOm H aVm& Amaå^
‘| àmV: 9.30 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo H m g‘` em¡Mmc` ‘| {~VmZm ‘wPo
g~go AÀNm Cnm` cJm, naÝVw ‘oar ‘m± ~hþV MwñV Wr Am¡a do àmV: 9.00 ~Oo
hr em¡Mmc` H mo ~mha go Vmcm cJm XoVt Am¡a dh V^r IwcVm O~ g^r ~ÀMo
ñHy c Mco OmVo& {’ a ‘¢Zo EH AÝ` ~hmZm ImoOm& nhco ‘¢ ò ~VmZm ^yc J`m
{H nm±M gmc H s NmoQ r C‘« go hr ‘¢Zo V~cm ~OmZm ewé H a {X`m Wm Am¡a O~
‘¢ N: df© H m hþAm Vmo ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ‘oao ZÝho hmWm| Ho Cn`wŠV EH NmoQ m gm
V~co H m Omo‹S m ‘oao {cE IarX {X`m&
V~cm ~OmZo ‘| ‘¢ AË`ÝV Hw ec hmo J`m Am¡a ‘wPo Bg ~mV H m ^r kmZ
Wm {H BVZr NmoQ r Am`w ‘| V~cm ~OmZo Ho ‘oao H m¡ec Ho ‘oao {nVmOr AË`ÝV
àe§gH Wo& RrH 9.30 ~Oo (ñHy c OmZo Ho g‘` na) ‘¢ V~cm {ZH mcVm
Am¡a Aä`mg ewé H a XoVm& ‘oar ‘m± nhco ‘wPo ào‘ go H hVt {’ a ‘wPo ñHy c
OmZo H s Amkm XoVt& ‘¢ Eogm Xem©Vm ‘mZmo ‘¢Zo V~co H s Vmc ~oVmc H a Xr hmo
Am¡a ‘m± go àmW©Zm H aVm {H dmo ‘wPo naoemZ Z H a|& ‘oao {nVmOr {ZpíMV ê n
go ‘oam nj coVo Am¡a CZHo Ý`m`mc` OmVo hr ‘¢ V~cm Nmo‹S H a Ymo{~`m|,
IμmZgm‘m| Ho ~ƒm| Ho gmW {H« Ho Q IocZo Ho {cE ~mha Mcm OmVm& BZ
Ymo{~`m| VWm ImZgm‘m| H mo h‘mao ~§Jco Ho g‘rn pñWV A§J«oO A’ gam| Ho Ka
Ho ~mha {Zdmg ñWmZ {XE JE Wo& BZ c‹S H m| H m gmW ‘wPo AÀNm cJVm Wm
64
co{H Z ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo ò g~ EH Am±I Z ^mVm Wm Š`m|{H BZ c‹S H m|§ Ho
{nVm eam~r Wo, A{e{jV Wo Am¡a gdm}n[a AnZr n‹T mB© H s H s‘V na ‘¢ CZHo
gmW IocVm Wm& ‘oar ‘m± Bgo ~hþV ~‹S m AnamY ‘mZVr Wr& CÝhm|Zo ‘oao
{nVmOr go {eH m`V H s {H ‘¢ AnZo {nVmOr Ho ‘oao à{V njYa hmoZo H m
Xwén`moJ H a ahm hÿ±& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo VwaÝV dMZ {X`m {H A~ do ‘oam nj Z
c|Jo, H ‘ go H ‘ ‘oar n‹T mB© Ho ‘yë` na Zht& Vmo ‘aom ò ~hmZm ^r Ag’ c hmo
J`m Ama¡ ‘¢ EH ~ma {’ a ñHy c dm{ng Am J`m&
‘oao àmW{‘H {dÚmc` Ho {XZm| H s EH Am¡a ^r amoMH H hmZr h¡& ‘oar
‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo Am¡a ‘oar ~hZ am{e H mo n‹T mZo Ho {cE EH AÜ`mnH {Z`wŠV
{H `m Wm& Hw N g‘` ‘| h‘Zo Cg A¿`mnH H mo Bg ~mV Ho à{V {dídñV H a
{X`m {H h‘mao gmW Vme IocZm h‘| n‹T mZo go H ht A{YH Cn`moJr Am¡a
cm^Xm`H h¡& Jar~ AÜ`mnH Ho nmg h‘mar BÀNm H mo ‘mZZo Ho A{V[aŠV
H moB© amñVm Z Wm Š`m|{H h‘ nyd© ‘oà Ho ~ÀMo Wo& AV: Ho dc CZ {XZm| Ho
A{V[aŠV, O~ ‘oar ‘m± Zo {ZarjU Ho {cE AmZm hmoVm Wm, h‘ Vme hr Iocm
H aVo Wo& {ZarjU Ho {XZ h‘ ~hmZm H aVo {H h‘ ~hþV n[al‘ go n‹T aho h¢
Am¡a h‘mar ‘m± ~hþV Iwe hmoVt& Xmo ‘{hZm| VH ò ZmQH McVm ahm naÝVw EH
{XZ AMmZH ‘oar ‘m± Cg g‘` AÝXa Am JBª O~ h‘ n‹T mB© Ho ñWmZ na
AÜ`mnH Ho gmW Vme Ioc aho Wo Am¡a EH X‘ go Bg ZmQH H m A§V hmo
J`m& AÜ`mnH H s nrR H ‘ao Ho àdoe Ûma H s Va’ Wr Am¡a ‘oam ‘w±h àdoe
Ûma H s Va’ , Á`m|hr ‘¢Zo ‘mVmOr H mo XoIm, ‘¢Zo Vme ’| H {XE Am¡a H mogZo
dmcr X¥pîQ go AÜ`mnH H s Va’ XoIm Am¡a Cgo H hm {H narjm CÎmrU© H aZo
Ho {cE h‘| n‹T mZo H s CgH s H moB© BÀNm hr Z Wr& ‘oao hmd-^md ‘| ò AMmZH
n[adV©Z XoIH a AÜ`mnH ~war Vah go h‹S ~‹S m J`m& naÝVw Bggo nyd© {H dh
H moB© g’ mB© XoVm ‘oar ‘m± H m H« moY Cg na ~ag n‹S m Wm& do Cgo H RmoaVm nyd©H
Sm±Q ahr Wt Am¡a Cgo Cgr jU ‘| n‹T mZm ~ÝX H aZo Ho {cE H h {X`m Wm& ‘¢
Am¡a ‘oar ~hZ XmoZm| Zo ~‹S m A~moY gm Moham ~Zm`m hþAm Wm naÝVw öX` go h‘|
~hþV ~wam cJ ahm Wm Š`m|{H h‘mar eamaV Ho H maU ~oMmao AÜ`mnH H mo
Zm¡H ar go hmW YmoZm n‹S m& ~mX ‘| h‘Zo OmH a CZgo j‘m ‘m§Jr& Vmo Eogo Wo ‘oao
ñHy c Ho {XZ&
65
gXa hmD g (Sadar House) ‘| ‘oar ~hZ emÝVm~mB© Zo ^maVr`
emñÌr` g§JrV grIZm Amaå^ {H `m Am¡a ~mcm gm{h~ Zo V~cm grIZm
Amaå^ {H `m& ^maVr` emñÌr` g§JrV H s AIÊS g¥OZmË‘H Vm H m ‘wP na
JhZ à^md n‹S m& ‘oao Mhþ± Amoa Ho {‘Ì `m Vmo E|½cmoB§{S`Z n[admam| Ho ~ÀMo Wo
`m ^yao gm{h~m| Ho Am¡a dmo g~ npíM‘r JmZo Jm`m H aVo Wo& naÝVw ‘oam éPmZ
^maVr` emñÌr` g§JrV H s Amoa Wm& ‘¢ gmoMVm hÿ± ^maVr` g§JrV H s gyP-
~yP H s Ztd ‘wP‘| ‘oao OrdZ Ho Amapå^H dfm] ‘| hr n‹S r& ‘oar ~hZ e{e
Jm`m H aVr Wr Am¡a lr‘mVmOr H s ^r AË`ÝV ‘Ywa AmdmμO Wr Omo CÝhm|Zo
~mX ‘| ghO`moJ àMma-àgma Ho {cE {XE JE Ag§»` ^mfUm| Ho H maU Imo
Xr& V~cm ~OmZo H s ‘¢Zo H moB© Am¡nMm[aH {ejm J«hU Zht H s naÝVw ‘oao
ñdm^m{dH éPmZ Zo ~MnZ ‘| ‘wPo EH {deof ñVa VH V~cm ~OmZo H s
`mo½`Vm àXmZ H s&
Bg Ka go lr‘mVmOr ha gw~h ‘m± cmoS´ g (Mother Lodrus) Ho ‘pÝXa
VH n¡Xc Om`m H aVr Wt& ‘¢ gX¡d CZH m gmWr hmoVm& do ‘§{Xa Ho H moZo ‘|
~¡R H a Ü`mZ {H `m H aVt, `m H ‘ go H ‘ ‘¢ Eogm gmoMm H aVm Wm, naÝVw hmc
hr ‘| CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H ""dhm± ~¡R H a dmo Bg ~mV na {dMma {H `m H aVr
Wt {H gm‘y{hH Hw ÊS{cZr OmJ¥{V Ûmam {H g àH ma do g§gma Ho cmoJm| H mo
CZH s g‘ñ`mAm| go ‘wpŠV {Xcdm gH Vr h¢&'' ‘§{Xa ‘| Omo MrμO ‘wPo dmñVd
‘| à^m{dV {H `m H aVr Wr dh Wr ‘m± cmoS´ g H s à{V‘m {OgHo ñWmZ na A~
H moB© Am¡a à{V‘m cJm Xr JB© h¡&'' Bg à{V‘m H s lr‘mVmOr go BVZr
g‘mZVm Wr {H ‘¢ gmoMVm Wm à{V‘m ~ZmVo hþE à{V‘mH ma H s H ënZm ‘|
lr‘mVmOr hr ahr hmJ|r& àmV:H mc H s hdm BVZr epŠV VWm VmO μ Jr àXm`H
hmVor Wr {H àm`: ‘¢ Cg epŠV H mo Cn`mJo H aZo Ho {cE lr‘mVmOr go AmJ-oAmJo
XmS‹¡ m H aVm Wm& àmV: ^‘«U Ho ~mX lr‘mVmOr ^r AË`ÝV ñ’y V© àVrV hmVot&
ñWmZr` ñHy c ‘| n‹T Zo dmco B©gmB© Y‘© àMmaH m| Zo `h ‘§{Xa ~Zm`m Wm
naÝVw `hm± ñWm{nV Xodr {H gr Om{V `m Y‘© H s à{V{Z{Y Zht h¡& dmñVd ‘o§
Jar~, J¡a B©gmB© Om{V`m| Ho cmoJ AnZr ‘ZmoH m‘ZmAm| H mo àmá H aZo VWm Xodr
go àgm[aV hmoZo dmcr empÝV Ed§ ào‘ H mo àmá H aZo Ho {cE CgH s nyOm H aVo
h¢& AmO ^r hOmam| cmoJ Cg Xodr H s nyOm H aZo Ho {cE OmVo h¢&
66
`Ú{n h‘ cmoJ E|½cmoBpÊS`Z Am¡a ^yao gm{h~m| Ho BcmHo ‘| ahVo Wo Ohm±
na {‘eZ[a`m| Ûmam Mm{cV ~hþV go ñHy c Wo& naÝVw ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr Zht
MmhVo Wo h‘ BZ nmRemcmAm| ‘o§ OmE§& ‘oar nmRemcm Vmo Ka Ho {~ëHw c g‘rn
Wr naÝVw ~mH s ~ƒm| H mo n‹T Zo Ho {cE ~hþV Xya pñWV nmRemcmAm| ‘| OmZm
n‹S Vm Wm& Ka H m AZwemgZ Wm {H nmRemcm Mmho ~hþV Xya hmo {’ a ^r ~ƒm|
H mo n¡Xc ôOZm h¡& lr‘mVmOr Am¡a ‘oar ~hZ emÝVm~mB© H mo ^r n¡Xc
nmRemcm OmZm n‹S Vm Wm& Ka ZmJnwa ñWmZm§V[aV H aZo H m ‘oao {nVmOr Ho
{cE EH ‘hËdnyU© H maU ò Wm {H ~ƒm| H mo AÀNr {ejm Xr Om gHo Omo
qNXdm‹S m ‘| CncãY Z Wr& goÝQ Cgw©ëg (St.Ursulas) ñHy c ‘| àmapå^H
{ejm CncãY Wr& lr‘mVmOr Zo {^‹S o H Ý`m CÀM {dÚmc` (Bhide Girls
High School) ‘| àdoe {c`m Omo grVm ~Xu (Sita Burdy) joÌ ‘| pñWV Wm& ò
ñHy c h‘mao Ka gXa hmD g go H m’ s Xya Wm-cJ^J N: gmV {H cmo‘rQa
Xya& naÝVw O¡go ‘¢Zo ~Vm`m h¡ ~ƒm| H mo gmar Xyar n¡Xc V` H aZr n‹S Vr Wr&
Xyar H mo H ‘ H aZo Ho {cE lr‘mVmOr Am¡a emÝVm~mB©, grVm~Xu QoH ‹S r Zm‘H
nhm‹S r na M‹T OmVt {Oggo ñHy b OmZo H s Xyar KQ OmVr& do nhm‹S r M‹T mB© H m
AmZÝX ^r coVt& EH ~ma ‘mZgyZ Ho ‘m¡g‘ ‘| ‘ygcmYma ~m[ae hþB© Wr Am¡a
~agmVr Zmcm Omo {H àm`: gyIm hþAm hmoVm Wm dfm© Ho nmZr go c~mc~ âm
hþAm ^`mZH VoO J{V go ~h ahm Wm h‘mar H ma Š`m|{H ‘aå‘V Ho {cE JB©
hþB© Wr Vmo CZ XmoZm| H mo ñHy c go gwa{jV cmZo Ho {cE EH ì`pŠV H mo ôOm
J`m& O~ dmo QoH ‹S r H mo nma H a aho Wo Vmo H mco ~mXc C‘‹S n‹S o Am¡a ncH
PnH Vo hr ‘ygcmYma ~m[ae hmoZo cJr& O~ VH do Cg Zmco na nhþ±Mo Zmcm
c~mc~ â MwH m Wm& CgHo Ymam àdmh H s VoμOr H mo XoIVo hþE emÝVm~mB© Cgo
nma Zht H aZm MmhVr Wr& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Zmco H mo nma H aZo Ho {cE X¥‹T
g§H ën Wt& O¡gm h‘ g~ OmZVo Wo emÝVm~mB© AË`ÝV ^ré ~mcH Wr, do
IμVam| go ~hþV K~amVr Wt& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr CZgo {~ëHw c CcQ Wt-
AË`ÝV ~hmXwa Am¡a IVam| go {ZSa& emÝVm~mB© H s hmcV H mo XoIVo hþE Zm¡H a
Zo Cgo AnZr ~mμOwAm| ‘| CRm {c`m Am¡a Zmcm nma H adm`m& Zmcm nma H aHo
Zm¡H a ‘w‹S H a lr‘mVmOr H s ghm`Vm Ho {cE OmZo hr dmcm Wm Vmo Cgo EH
MrI gwZmB© Xr& Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡ AHo co Zmcm nma H aZo Ho {cE lr‘mVmOr
67
Zo {ZU©` {H `m naÝVw CÝh| ‘hgyg hþAm {H Zmco H m ~hmd ~hþV VoO h¡& O~ dmo
Ymam ‘| ~hZo cJr Vmo CÝhm|Zo EH no‹S H mo H gH a nH ‹S {c`m& CÝh| Zmco go
{ZH mcZo Ho {cE Zm¡H a VwaÝV dhm± nhþ±Mm& Vmo Amaå^ go hr lr‘mVmOr H m
ñd^md BVZm gmhgr Wm&
O~ ^r Adga {‘cVm dmo n¡Xc McZm ngÝX H aVt O~{H emÝVm~mB©
H ma go `m Qm±Jo go OmZm ngÝX H aVt& lr‘mVmOr H mo Z§Jo nm§d McZo H s ^r
AmXV Wr& ‘oar ‘m± CÝh| Mßnc nhZH a McZo Ho {cE H hm H aVt naÝVw amñVo
‘| lr‘mVmOr Mßnc CVma H a hmW ‘| nH ‹S coVt Am¡a Z§Jo nm§d McVt& Jar~m|
Ho à{V do AË`ÝV gwh¥X Ed§ H éUm‘` Wr& CZ‘| JhZ Y¡`© ^r Wm& EH ~ma
O~ EH Jar~ {‘Ì Zo H hm {H CgHo Ka ‘| ImZo Ho {cE AÝZ Z Wm Vmo
lr‘mVmOr Zo AnZo Ka Ho AÝZ ^ÊSma go AZmO H s âr ~mo[a`m§ Cg ghocr
H mo Xo Xr& ‘oao ‘mVmOr H mo Bg ~mV go naoemZr hþB© naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Ho CXma
öX` Ho {df` ‘| do OmZVr Wt, Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo CZH s Bg JcVr H mo ghZ
H a {c`m& do gX¡d h‘| ~Vm`m H aVr Wr {H lr‘mVmOr Jar~m| Ho H îQm| H mo
XoIH a ~hþV {dM{cV hmo OmVr h¢ Am¡a CZH s Am±Im| go Am±gy ~hZo cJVo h¢& ò
Am±gy H ^r-H ^r Vmo ~hH a CZHo Jmcm| go ZrMo {JaVo h¢&
Eogo ~hþV go CXmhaU h¢ O~ cmoJm| Zo AnZo XwIm| Am¡a H îQm| H m {XImdm
H aHo lr‘mVmOr Ho Bg H éUm‘` ñd^md H m Xwén`moJ {H `m& naÝVw do H ^r
^r AnZr Bg CXmaVm ‘| nrNo Z hQt, `Ú{n do OmZVr Wr {H CZH s AÀNmB©
H m Xwén`moJ {H `m Om ahm h¡&
lr‘mVmOr ~hþV AÀNr CnMm[aH m (Nurse) ^r Wr& O~ ~mcm gm{h~
QmB’ mBS go nr{‹S V Wo Vmo ha g‘` do AnZr ‘mVmOr Ho gmW CZH s godm
gwlwfm ‘| OwQ r ahVr Wt& CZH m Áda ZrMo aIZo Ho {cE CZHo {ga na ~’© H s
nÅr aIr OmVr Wr& ~r‘mar Ho H maU do cJ^J EH ‘hrZm ~mVMrV H aZo Ho
H m{~c ^r Z Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr Omo CZ {XZm| ‘| ‘oà Wo CÝhm|Zo h‘| ZmJnwa go
nÝX«h {H cmo‘rQa Xya pñWV H¡ ånQr (Kamptee) ñWmZm§V[aV H aZo H m
{ZU©` {H `m& ~mcm gm{h~ Š`m|{H ~moc Z nmVo Wo, lr‘mVmOr Zo Bemam| H s
^mfm {dH {gV H s& `{X do Xmo C§J{c`m± CRmVo Vmo BgH m ‘Vc~ hmoVm CÝh| Omo
ImZo H mo {X`m Om ahm h¡ CgHo {cE do gh‘V h¢ Am¡a `{X do EH C§Jcr CRmVo
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Vmo BgH m ‘Vc~ BÝH ma hmoVm& BZ {XZm| do am°~©Q ãcoH (Robert Blake) Am¡a
g¡ŠgQZ ãcoH (Sexton Blake) H s nwñVH| n‹T m H aVo& lr‘mVmOr Zo EH {XZ
CZgo nyN m {H dmo H m¡Z gr nwñVH n‹T Zm Mmh|Jo? Vmo dmo ~wX~wXmE, ""goŠgQZ
ãcoH ''& Bg Vah CÝhm|Zo AnZr godm gwlwfm go ~mcm gm{h~ H mo ~mocZo cm`H
~Zm`m& AJcr ~ma CÝhm|Zo ~mcm gm{h~ go nyN m {H dmo {H gH m g§JrV [aH mS©
gwZZm Mmh|Jo Am¡a lr‘mVmOr Zo ~hþV go g§JrVkm| Ho Zm‘ {cE& AË`ÝV
H {RZmB© nyd©H CÝhm|Zo nÝZm cmc Kmof H m Zm‘ {c`m Am¡a CgHo níMmV² do
~hþV AÀNr Vah go ~mocZo cJ n‹S o&
‘oao ‘mVmOr nm±M ~ma Ooc JE Am¡a nyar J¥hñWr H m Xm{`Ëd Cg g‘`
lr‘mVmOr na hmoVm&
amOZr{VH ‘moM} na df© 1939 go 1941 ‘| H m§J«og Zo ~hþV go CVma
M‹T md XoIo& df© 1939 ‘o§ O~cnwa Ho g‘rn Z‘©Xm ZXr Ho VQ na {Ìnwar ‘|
H m§J«og H m EH A{YdoeZ hþAm& Bg A{YdoeZ ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr, Omo {H {Ìnwar
H m§J«og H ‘oQ r Ho gXñ` Wo, ‘oao ‘mVmOr Am¡a lr‘mVmOr Ho A{V[aŠV ‘wP
g{hV n[adma Ho g^r gXñ`m| Zo ^mJ {c`m& `Ú{n Cg g‘` ‘¢ Ho dc N: df©
H m Wm naÝVw ‘wPo dhm± na EH Ì hþE {demc OZg‘yh H s ñnîQ `mX h¡& Odmha
cmc Zohé, d„^ ^mB© nQoc, ‘m¡cmZm AãXwc H cm‘ AmμOmX Am¡a, {Z:gÝXoh,
Jm±YrOr H mo ‘§M na {~Rm`m J`m& `h dh g‘` Wm O~ ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr H s
dmaYm `mÌmAm| H s Amd¥{Îm ~‹T JB©& Jm±YrOr lr‘mVmOr H mo "Zonmcr' H hH a
~wcm`m H aVo Wo Š`m|{H CZH m H hZm Wm {H CZHo (lr‘mVmOr Ho ) Z¡Z-
ZŠe grVmOr O¡go h¢ {OZH m OÝ‘ Zonmc ‘| hþAm Wm& ‘oao {nVmOr O~ n[adma
Ho g^r gXñ`m| Ho gmW Jm±Yr Or go {‘cZo JE Vmo Jm±Yr Or Zo H hm, ""AmnHo
H m¡Z go ~ÀMo H mo ‘¢ amîQ´ Ho H m`m}§ Ho {cE co cy§ Am¡a CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo
MwZm& gmV df© H s Am`w ‘| hr lr‘mVmOr H mo ‘hmË‘m H m ~hVþ à‘o VWm àeg § m àmá
hmo JB&©
BZ {XZm| ‘| lr‘mVmOr VWm AÝ` ~ÀMm| Zo AnZr {ejm Omar aIr&
àmW{‘H ñHy c ‘| lr‘mVmOr H mo EH Z¥Ë` ‘| lr H¥ îU H s ^y{‘H m H aZo Ho
{cE MwZm J`m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ò ^y{‘H m BVZr AÀNr Vah go H s {H cmoJ CÝh|
H¥ îUm ~wcmZo cJo& ‘oao {nVmOr Ho {‘Ì ^r CÝh| "H¥ îUm' H hH a ~wcmVo&
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1938/1939 Ho e¡{jH df© ‘| lr‘mVmOr {^‹S o H Ý`m Cƒ {dÚmc` (Bhide
Girls High School) ‘| Xgdt H jm ‘| (‘¡{Q´ H nyd©) n‹T aht Wt& {dÚmc`
{deof ê n go ~«m÷U c‹S {H `m| Ho {cE Wm& lr‘mVmOr dhm± à{gÕ Wt& B©gmB©
hmoZo Ho H maU ~«m÷U c‹S {H `m± CZHo gmW ImZm ImZo go K~amVr Wt& naÝVw
CZH m ImZm CÝh| ~hþV AÀNm cJVm Wm& ñHy c Ho nrNo {NnH a do CZHo
gmW ImZm ImVt& hmc hr ‘| CZHo {‘Ìm| Zo EH ~hþV ~‹S o ñdmJV g‘mamoh ‘|
CZH m A{^ZÝXZ H aZm Mmhm naÝVw CÝhm|Zo Bgo Qmc {X`m& do AË`ÝV ‘oYmdr
NmÌm Wt VWm ^mfmAm| Am¡a J{UV H m CÝh| AÀNm kmZ Wm& CZHo J{UV Ho
AÜ`mnH EH ~«m÷U Wo Am¡a H jm ‘| lr‘mVmOr EH ‘mÌ B©gmB© c‹S H s Wt&
AÜ`mnH H mo AnZr Mmncygr VWm àe§gm ~hþV ngÝX Wr& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr
H mo {H gr H s AZmdí`H àe§gm `m Iwem‘X H aZm H ^r Z ^mVm Wm&
n[aUm‘ñdê n AÜ`mnH H mo CZ‘| Aé{M hmo JB© Am¡a dmo ~mV-~mV ‘|
Om{VàWm Ho {déÕ ñnîQdm{XVm na CZ na ì`§½` H aZo cJo& EH g‘` na
AÜ`mnH H s K¥Um lr‘mVmOr Ho à{V BVZr ~‹T JB© {H lr‘mVmOr Ho J{UV
Ho g^r àíZ hc H a coZo Ho ~mdOyX ^r CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo J{UV H s
ApÝV‘ narjm ‘| Ag’ c Kmo{fV H a {X`m& B©î`m©cw X¥pîQH moU Ho H maU Eogm
{H `m J`m Wm& lr‘mVmOr Zo g^r Hw N ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr H mo ~Vm`m Am¡a ‘oao
‘mVm-{nVmOr lr‘mVmOr Ho gmW AÜ`mnH go {‘cZo JE& ‘w»` AÜ`mnH
’ ½`w©gZ H m°coO, nyZm (Ferguson College) ‘| ‘oao ‘mVmOr go Ada Wm&
Bg{cE ‘oar ‘mVmOr {dídñV Wt {H do CÝh| g‘Pm nmE§Jr& naÝVw Omo K{QV
hþAm dh ‘oar ‘mVmOr H s AmemAm| Ho {~ëHw c {déÕ Wm& `{X dh J{UV
{df` coZm MmhVr h¢ Vmo AÜ`mnH Zo CÝh| AJcr H jm ‘| {~RmZo go gm’
BÝH ma H a {X`m& ‘oar ‘mVmOr VWm lr‘mVmOr Zo CZHo nM} H s nwZ: Om±M
H aZo H s àmW©Zm H s naÝVw ‘w»ÀÜ`mnH Zo BgHo {cE ^r BÝH ma H a {X`m&
‘w»ÀÜ`mnH H m njnmV nyU© X¥pîQH moU XoIH a ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr Zo
lr‘mVmOr H mo godm-gXZ Zm‘H ñHy c ‘| ôOZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& Cg ñHy b
Ho ‘w»ÀÜ`mnH lr Jé‹S ‘oao {nVmOr Ho AÀNo XmoñV Wo Am¡a do lr‘mVmOr
H mo Xgdt H jm ‘| coZo Ho {cE VwaÝV V¡`ma hmo JE& CZH s Xgdt H jm ‘¡{Q´ H
Ho g‘H j Wr& Bg àH ma lr‘mVmOr H mo AnZr {ejm H m EH df© ImZom Z nS‹ m&
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gX¡d do {dÚmc` ‘| ‘§{MV ZmQH m| ‘| ^y{‘H m H aZo na BZm‘ OrVVt
VWm do ñHy c H s ‘wpI`m Wt& lr Jé‹S Zo CÝh| NmÌmdmg ‘| hr Rham`m& lr
Jé‹S ~«m÷U Wo Am¡a emH mhmar Wo& lr‘mVmOr Ho {cE do Xmo AÊSo C~mcVo Am¡a
H moQ H s Oo~ ‘| {NnmH a MwnHo go lr‘mVmOr H mo ImZo Ho {cE Xo XoVo Am¡a ~mX
‘| AÊSm| Ho {NcHo ’| H Zo Ho {cE ^r MwnHo go CZgo co coVo& do ‘oao {nVmOr Ho
~hþV AÀNo XmoñV Wo& do lr‘mVmOr H m ~hþV Ü`mZ aIVo Š`m|{H lr‘mVmOr
godmgXZ NmÌmdmg ‘| ah ahr Wt Omo {H nyar Vah go emH mhmar Wm&
df© 1940 ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘¡{Q´ H H s narjm CÎmrU© H s& CÝh| ‘amRr
Am¡a A§J«oOr ^mfm VWm J{UV ‘| {d{eîQVm (Distinction) àmá hþB©& CÝh| ~hþV
AÀNo Zå~a àmßV hþE Wo Bg{cE {dkmZ ‘| àdoe àmá H aZm A~ H moB© g‘ñ`m
Z Wr& O¡go nhco dU©Z {H `m Om MwH m h¡, {dkmZ ‘| CZH s ~hþV é{M Wr& do
H hm H aVr Wt {H ^maV ‘| AÀNo {M{H ËgH m| H s ~hþV Amdí`H Vm h¡& {deof
ê n go J«m‘rU joÌ ‘|& naÝVw A~ Eogm cJVm h¡ {H {M{H Ëgm {dkmZ H m
AÜ``Z CÝhm|Zo Bg{cE {H `m Wm {H do Hw ÊS{cZr H s J{V{d{Y`m| H m dU©Z
~w{ÕdmXr VWm {M{H ËgH cmoJm| go ^cr-^m§{V H a gH| & Am`wd}X Zo
Hw ÊS{cZr H m dU©Z {H `m h¡ naÝVw H hm J`m h¡ {H BgH s OmJ¥{V gd©-
gmYmaU ‘mZd H s nhþ±M go D na H s MrμO h¡&
CZHo ~‹S o ^mB© ZaoÝÐ cIZD {díd{dÚmc` ‘| n‹T aho Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
cIZD {díd{dÚmc` H s ò H hVo hþE ~hþV gamhZm H s Wr {H `hm± {ejm
H m ñVa ZmJnwa {díd{dÚmc` Ho ‘wH m~co ~hþV AÀNm VWm D ±Mm h¡& ‘oao
‘mVm-{nVmOr Š`m|{H AnZo ~ƒm| H mo gdm}Îm‘ {ejm XoZm MmhVo Wo, CÝhm|Zo
lr‘mVmOr H mo cIZD ôOZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& n[aUm‘ñdê n lr‘mVmOr Zo
cIZD Ho B©gm ~¡cm Wmo~mZ ‘hm{dÚmc` (Isa Bella Thoban College
I.T.College) ‘| àdoe {c`m& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H O~ ^r {Xdmcr `m {H« g‘g H s
Nw {Å`m| Ho {cE do Ka cm¡Q Vt Vmo gX¡d n[adma Ho g^r gXñ`m| Ho {cE Cnhma
coH a AmVt& naÝVw ‘oao ^mB© ^r, Omo Nw {Å`m| Ho {cE dm{ng Am`m H aVo Wo,
h‘oem Imcr hmW AmVo& dmo H hVo {H Omo n¡gm CÝh| ôOm OmVm Wm Cggo Vmo
CZH s OéaV| ^r nyar Zht hmoVr, `Ú{n lr‘mVmOr H mo CZgo H ‘ n¡gm {‘cVm
Wm {’ a ^r dmo h‘mao {cò Cnhma IarXZo Ho {cE n`m©á aH ‘ ~Mm coVr Wt&
71
n[aUm‘ñdê n h‘ gX¡d AnZo ^mB© H s Anojm lr‘mVmOr Ho dm{ng AmZo H s
àVrjm H aVo& {Z:gÝXoh Cnhma AmZÝX H m òmoV h¢& naÝVw Omo ào‘ Am¡a ñZoh
dmo h‘| XoVr Wt h‘ gX¡d CgH m AmZÝX {c`m H aVo Wo& ‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© H mo H n‹S m|
H m ~hþV em¡H Wm& dmo ~‹S m H moQ coZm MmhVo Wo Am¡a BgHo {cE dmo ‘oar ‘mVmOr
Ho nrNo n‹S JE Am¡a ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo `h H moQ CÝh| XoZm n‹S m& CZHo à{V do
~hþV g{hîUw Wt Am¡a gX¡d CÝh| AÝ` ~ÀMm| go A{YH XoVr Wt&
ZmJnwa ‘| ~¡S q‘QZ IocVo hþE lr‘mVmOr Ho XmE± hmW H s hÈr Qy Q JB©&
{Xgå~a H s Nw {Å`m| ‘| dm{f©H narjm Ho g‘rn `h KQZm K{QV hþB©& CZHo
gmW O~ h‘ AñnVmc JE Vmo amJrcmc Zm‘ Ho Sm°ŠQa Zo CZH s ~mOy H mo
Omo‹S m& CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr go nyN m {H Š`m dh nr‹S m ghZ H a gH| Jr, Am¡a
{~Zm ~ohmoer H s Xdm {XE Sm°ŠQa Zo CZH s ~mOy Omo‹S Xr& AË`ÝV A{^^yV
hmoH a CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go H hm {H CZH s nwÌr Xodr XwJm© h¢& lr‘mVmOr
Š`m|{H V~ àW‘ df© H s NmÌm Wt Am¡a àW‘ df© H s narjm {díd{dÚmc` H s
narjm Z hmoH a H m°coO H s narjm hmoVr h¡, CÝhm|Zo A{YH m[a`m| go àmW©Zm H s
{H CZHo hmW H m ncñVa IwcZo Ho ~mX CÝh| narjm XoZo H s Amkm Xr OmE&
‘hm{dÚmc` Ho A{YH m[a`m| Zo CZH s àmW©Zm ñdrH ma Zht H s Am¡a
n[aUm‘ñdê n {~Zm àW‘df© H s narjm {XE CÝh| ZmJnwa cm¡Q Zm n‹S m& ‘oao
‘mVm-{nVmOr Zo V~ CÝh| ñWmZr` {dkmZ ‘hm{dÚmc` (AmOH c Institute
of Science) ‘| àdoe {XcmZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& Bg àH ma do ZmJnwa Ho {dkmZ
‘hm{dÚmc` (Science College) ‘| OmZo cJr&
Bg g‘`, df© 1939-40 ‘|, ‘oao {nVmOr H s {Z`wpŠV gaH mar dH sc
Ho nX na hþB©& Bg nX na ahVo hþE CÝhm|Zo ~hþV go ‘wH X‘| c‹S o& EH H Ëc H m
‘wμH X‘m Wm {Ogo nm[apñW{VH gmú` Ho ê n ‘| AmO ^r ‘w»` ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
‘wμH X‘m Š`m|{H AË`ÝV {XcMñn Wm Bg{cE Bgo ‘¢ ZrMo g§{já ‘| dU©Z H a
ahm hÿ±&
EH ggwa Zo JwOamV Ho Jm±d go AmB© A~moY ~m{cH m Omo {H CgH s
nwÌdYy Wr, Ho {cE ZmOm`μO ^mdZmE§ ~Zm ct& CgZo nwÌdYy H mo ^`§H a
n[aUm‘m| H s Y‘H s Xr Am¡a ^` Ho H maU c‹S H s Zo CgH s BÀNmAm| Ho
gå‘wI KwQ Zo QoH {XE& ~oQ o (c‹S H s Ho n{V) H mo nVm cJ J`m Am¡a CgZo
72
AnZo {nVm go H hm Bg Hw H¥ Ë` Ho {cE dh Cgo g‘mO Ho gå‘wI Z§Jm H a
XoJm& c‚mm Ho H maU {nVm Zo AnZo hr nwÌ H s hË`m H aZo H m {ZU©` {H `m&
‘m¡H m {‘cVo hr {nVm Zo EH pI‹S H s go epŠVemcr cå~r ~§XyH go ~oQ o H mo
nrNo go ~hþV H ‘ Xyar go Jmocr ‘ma Xr& Jmocr nrR ‘| go cJr Am¡a grZo go ~mha
Am JB©& n[aUm‘ñdê n ~oQ o H s dht ‘¥Ë`w hmo JB©& Bg gmar KQZm H mo ~oQ o H s
nËZr XoI ahr Wr& {nVm Zo {M{H Ëgm A{YH m[a`m| H mo [aídV XoH a AnZo nj
‘| [anm}Q ~Zdm cr naÝVw nw{cg H mo A~ ^r Cg na gÝXoh Wm& nw{cg Ho
gË`m{nV {H E {~Zm hr ‘¥V eara H m g§ñH ma H a {X`m J`m Am¡a H Ëc Ho
g‘` c‹S Ho Zo Omo H ‘rμO nhZr hþB© Wr dh ZîQ H aZo Ho {cE Ymo~r H mo Xo Xr
JB©&
~Mmd nj H m H hZm Wm {H ~oQ m AnZr qOXJr go V§J Wm Am¡a CgZo
~§XyH H s Zmcr AnZo grZo na aIH a n¡a Ho A§JyR o go ~§XyH H m Kmo‹S m X~m
{X`m& c‹S Ho H s H ‘rμO hr EH Eogm gmú` Wr Omo ‘wH X‘o H mo A{^`moOZ Ho
nj ‘| cm gH Vr Wr& AV: ‘oao {nVmOr Zo Cg H ‘rμO H mo ImoOZo Ho {cE
Omoa-emoa go Vcme ewé H s& na§Vw ~Vm`m J`m {H H ‘rμO H mo H mÝhm ZXr ‘|
~hm {X`m J`m Wm& VrZ-Mma {XZ H s ImoO Ho níMmV² ZXr ‘| ~hH a AmB© hþB©
cH ‹S r na CcPr hþB© dh H ‘rμO {‘c JB©& gm¡^m½`de H ‘rμO ‘| {Og ñWmZ
go Jmocr Kwgr Wr Am¡a Ohm± go {ZH cr Wr dh XmoZm| hr ghr gcm‘V Wo& H ‘rμO
na nrR H s Va’ ~mê X H m {N‹S H md Wm Am¡a Ohm± go Jmocr Kwgr Wr dh NoX
^r NmoQ m Wm& naÝVw AmJo H s Va’ Ohm± go Jmocr ~mha {ZH cr Wr dh NoX nrNo
Ho NoX H s Anojm ~‹S m Wm Am¡a H ‘rμO ‘| AmJo H s Va’ ~mê X H m {N‹S H md Z
Wm& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo g’ mB© ‘| H hm {H {Z`‘mZwgma eara Ho {Og {hñgo go
Jmocr àdoe H aVr h¡ dhm± NmoQ m gwamI hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Ohm± go ~mha AmVr h¡ dhm±
AnojmH¥ V ~‹S m gwamI hmoVm h¡& Š`m|{H Jmocr H s J{V Im§Mo ‘| hmoVr h¡& CÝhm|Zo
~hg ‘| ò ^r H hm {H Jmocr `{X g‘rn go McmB© OmE Vmo H n‹S o na ~mê X H m
{N‹S H md hmo OmVm h¡ Š`m|{H H ‘rμO Ho gm‘Zo H s Amoa ~mê X H m {N‹S H md Z
Wm Bg{cE à{Vajm nj Ho dH sc H m ò H hZm JcV h¡ {H ‘¥V ì`pŠV Zo grZo
na ~ÝXyH H s Zmc aIH a Kmo‹S m X~m {c`m Wm& à{Vajm dH sc, ~¡[añQa
Ho Xma, H m H hZm ò Wm {H ‘oao {nVmOr H s ~hg Vmo Eogr h¡ ‘mZmo àjonmñÌ
73
{deofk (Ballistics Expert) hm|& naÝVw Š`m|{H ‘oao {nVmOr àjonmñÌ {deofk
Z Wo, Bg{cE CZH m H WZ ‘mÌ gm‘mÝ` ì`pŠV H s am°` Wr {Ogo ñdrH ma
H aZm AXmcV Ho {cE Amdí`H Z Wm&
Ý`m`mYre, Omo {H A§J«oO Wm, AË`ÝV {Zînj Wm& CgZo ‘oao {nVmOr Ho
gmao gmú` Am¡a ~hg H mo ~å~B© nw{cg Am¡a {’ a ñH mQc¡ÊS `mS© H mo ôOm&
XmoZmo§ g§ñWmAm| Ho àjonmñÌ {deofkm| Zo ‘oao {nVmOr Ho {gÕmÝV go nyar
gh‘{V OVmB© Am¡a Bg àH ma nm[apñW{VH gmú`m| Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go A{^`wŠV
H mo AmOrdZ H mamdmg H m XÊS {‘cm&
df© 1942 Ho Amaå^ ‘| Jm±Yr Or Zo XoIm {H A§J«oOm| Ho gmW gm¡Xo~mOr
H aZm ~oH ma hmoJm, Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo "^maV Nmo‹S mo AmÝXmocZ' Amaå^ H aZo H m
{ZU©` {c`m& CÝhm|Zo g^r H m§J«og H m`©H Vm©Am| go H hm {H A§J«oOr H mZyZ go
Agh`moJ Ed§ CgH s Adkm H mo VoO H a X|& Cg g‘` ‘oao {nVmOr gaH mar
dH sc Wo Am¡a nhcm H m`© Omo Wm dh Wm AnZo nX go Ë`mJ nÌ XoZm& CÀM
Ý`m`mc` Ho {eIa na ~Vm©Zdr PÊSm (Union Jack) ’ ham ahm Wm& Jm±YrOr
Ho AÀNo AZw`m`r Ho ê n ‘| do CÀM Ý`m`mc` H s NV na M‹T o Am¡a ~Vm©Zdr
PÊSo H mo ’ m‹S Smcm& CÝhm|Zo h‘| H hm {H h‘ g~ "dÝXo ‘mVa‘²' JmE§& A§J«oO
{gnm{h`m| Zo CZH s ~mBª H ZnQr na Jmocr ‘mar, VoOr go CZH m aŠV ~h ahm
Wm naÝVw CÝhm|Zo {Va§Jm ’ ham`m Am¡a V~ VH I‹S o aho O~ VH {Va§Jm chamZo
Z cJm& V~ CÝhm|Zo Omoa go "dÝXo ‘mVa‘²' H m Zmam cJm`m Am¡a PÊSo H mo
gcm‘ {H `m& CZH s Bg H maJwμOmar go A§J«oO emgH ~hþV {M‹T JE Wo& g‘`
go nyd© hr ‘oao {nVmOr Ka cm¡Q AmE Am¡a AmH a ‘oar ‘mVmOr go H hm {H AmO
dh Hw N ‘oh‘mZm| Ho AmZo H s Amem H a aho h¢ Bg{cE do {~a`mZr ~ZmE§& ‘oar
‘mVmOr OmZVr Wr {H "‘oh‘mZm|' go CZH m Š`m AW© h¡ Š`m|{H dh CÝh| nhco
hr ~Vm MwHo Wo {H CZH s H ZnQr na Jmocr ‘mar JB© h¡ Am¡a ò ^r {H A§J«oO
A~ Am¡a àVrjm Z H a|Jo&
Bg KQZm H m ‘wPo ñnîQ ñ‘aU h¡& e{Zdma H m {XZ Wm Am¡a VrZ ~Oo
VH ‘oh‘mZ Z AmE Wo& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ~ÀMm| H mo H hm {H n¡cog {WòQ a OmH a
{gZo‘m XoI|& n¡cog {gZo‘m h‘mao Ka Ho ~hþV g‘rn Wm, AmOH c BgH m Zm‘
Qm°H sμO h¡& naÝVw ‘¢ Ka na hr éH J`m Š`m|{H {gZo‘mhm°c H m A§Yoam ‘wPo
74
AÀNm Z cJVm Wm& 3.30 ~Oo gm§` lr.‘wíVmH Ah‘X, Omo {H n[adma Ho
{‘Ì Wo Am¡a nw{cg B§ñnoŠQa ^r Wo, AnZo ghm`H m| Ho gmW AmE& ‘oao {nVmOr
Zo XmoZm| hmWm| go CZH m ñdmJV {H `m, O¡gr CZH s naånam Wr, Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo ImZm cJmZo Ho {cE H hm& Bgr Xm¡amZ CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo AnZo
^mB©-~hZm| H mo cmZo Ho {cE ôOm& Zm¡H a Ho gmW {WòQ a OmH a ‘¢ ‘¡ZoOa go
{‘cm Am¡a Cggo àmW©Zm H s {H nX©o na EH ñcmBS {XImE& ñcmBS na {cIm
J`m Wm, ""nr.Ho .gmëdo H mo {JaâVma {H `m Om ahm h¡, CZHo ~ÀMo Vwa§V Ka
cm¡Q OmE§&'' Á`m| hr nX} na ñcmBS {XImB© JB© ~ÀMm| Ho gmW-gmW gmao
Xe©H ~ÝXr nr.Ho . gmëdo Ho à{V gå‘mZ àH Q H aZoo Ho {cE ~ÀMm| Ho gmW
{ZH c n‹S o& gmao ~ÀMo O~ EH Ì hþE Vmo ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ~ÀMm| go H hm H moB© ^r
amoE Zht& amoZo Ho ñWmZ na Omoa go {M„mE§ "dÝXo ‘mVa‘²' AWm©V² ho ‘mV¥^y{‘ ‘¢
AmnH mo Z‘Z H aVm hÿ±& `h JrV ~§{H ‘ M§Ð Zo {cIm Wm Am¡a ñdV§ÌVm àmá
H aZo Ho níMmV² ^r Bgo amîQ´ r` JrV Ho ê n ‘| Cn`moJ {H `m J`m& naÝVw Hw N
‘wgc‘mZ ZoVmAm| Zo Bg na EVamO {H `m Š`m|{H `h g§ñH¥ V ‘| {cIm J`m
Wm Am¡a Bg‘| ‘mV¥^y{‘ H m è Xodr XwJm© Ho ê n ‘| Jm`m J`m Wm& AV: g^r
^maVr` ñdV§ÌVm goZm{Z`m| Ho öX` H mo Y‹S H mZo dmco Bg ‘hmZ JrV H mo
gaH ma Zo ñdrH ma {H `m&
‘oao {nVmOr Zo V~ B§ñnoŠQa go nyN m {H Š`m dmo CÝh| hWH ‹S r cJmH a co
OmZm Mmh|Jo? B§ñnoŠQa nyU©V`m AdmH hmo J`m Wm& H hZo cJm, ""gmëdo
gm{h~ AmnH mo ~§Xr ~ZmZo H m ~moP ‘oar gË`{ZîRm na n‹S ahm h¡& H¥ nm H aHo
hWH ‹S r cJmZo H mo H hH a ‘oao AÝXa Ho Xmof ^md H mo Z ~‹T mE§& VËníMmV² ‘oao
{nVmOr Zo nyN m {H Š`m dh CÝh| AnZr d¡Z ‘| co OmZm MmhoJm `m h‘mar H ma
‘|& h‘mar EH gwÝXa e¡dacoQ H ma Wr Am¡a lr.‘wíVmH Ah‘X Zo H hm {H
CÝh| Cg H ma ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H mo co OmVo hþE AÀNm cJoJm& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo
S´ mBda H mo H ma H s NV nrNo H aZo H mo H hm& CZHo XmoZm| Va’ Xmo {gnmhr ~¡R o
Wo Am¡a ~rM ‘| I‹S o hmoH a dmo μOmoa go {M„mE "dÝXo ‘mVa‘²' Am¡a H ma O~
McZo cJr Vmo ~hþV Xya VH OZVm H s ^r‹S CgHo gmW JB©& amoZo Ho ñWmZ na
AnZr AlwnyU© Am±Im| Ho gmW ‘oar ‘m± {M„mB© "dÝXo ‘mVa‘²'& Eogr Wr ‘oao
{nVmOr H s Xoe^pŠV& Am¡a `hr H maU h¡ {H h‘ gmao ^mB© ~hZ, {deof ê n go
75
lr‘mVmOr, AnZo {nVmOr H m JhZ gå‘mZ H aVo h¢&
AJñV 1942 ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Ooc ‘| Wo Am¡a n[adma Ho gå‘wI Am{W©H
g‘ñ`mE§ Wt& Bg pñW{V ‘| lr‘mVmOr, Omo {H gmBÝg H m°coO ‘| n‹T aht Wt,
Zo h‘mao ñdmYrZVm {Xdg 15 AJñV Ho {XZ H m°coO Nmo‹S Zo H m {ZU©` {H `m
Am¡a H m°coO Ho Ûma na hr YaZm {X`m& ‘oar ‘mVmOr `Ú{n nwamZo {dMmam| H s
Wt {’ a ^r CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H s amOZr{VH J{V{d{Y`m| H m {damoY Zht
{H `m& {damoY Ho ê n ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo YaZm XoZo H m VWm H m°coO ‘| àdoe H aZo
dmco g^r {dÚm{W©`m| H mo amoH Zo H m {ZU©` {H `m& H m°coO Ho àYmZmMm`©
n[adma Ho AÀNo {‘Ì Wo naÝVw CÝh| A§J«oO A{YH m[a`m| H s Amkm Wr {H YaZm
XoZo dmco VWm ‘hm{dÚmc` Ho {Z`‘m| H m C„§KZ H aZo dmco g^r cmoJm| H mo
{ZH mc {X`m OmE& CnàYmZmMm`© lr.H¥ îU‘y{V© H mo ôOm J`m {H lr‘mVmOr
H mo amoH| Am¡a CÝh| ~VmE§ {H A~ `{X CÝhm|Zo YaZm {X`m Vmo CÝh| H m°coO
Nmo‹S Zo H m à‘mUnÌ Xo {X`m OmEJm& {ZH mco OmZo H m AW© CZ {XZm| ò hmoVm
Wm {H Amn {H gr AÝ` H m°coO ‘| ^r àdoe Zht co gH| Jo& lr‘mVmOr Ho
gå‘wI O~ ò ~mV aIr JB© Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo H hm {H A§J«oOm| Ûmam McmE JE
H m°coO Ho A{YH m[a`m| H m EhgmZ coZo Ho ñWmZ na do H m°coO go {ZH mcm
OmZm ngÝX H a|Jr& YaZm XoZo go lr‘mVmOr H mo amoH nmZo go Ag’ c hmoH a
lrH¥ îU‘y{V© dm{ng àYmZmMm`© lr.emãXo Ho nmg cm¡Q o& àYmZmMm`© A§J«oOm| Ho
nj ‘| Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo {dÚm{W©`m| H mo H jm ‘| AmZo go amoH Zo H s Adkm Ho {cE
ào[aV H aZo Am¡a H m°coO H mo McmE OmZo H m {damoY H aZo Ho Ow‘© ‘|, lr‘mVmOr
H mo H m°coO go {ZH mco OmZo H m nÌ (Letter of Rustication) nH ‹S m`m&
{XcMñn ~mV ò h¡ {H godm{Zd¥Îm hmoZo Ho níMmV² lrH¥ îU‘y{V© nwUo ‘| ~g JE&
‘oao {dMma go df© 1991 ‘| d¥Õ lrH¥ îU‘y{V© lr‘mVmOr go {‘co, CZHo MaU
H ‘cm| H mo Nw Am Am¡a H hm {H Eogo {Xì` ì`pŠV H mo H m°coO go {ZH mcZo Ho
{cE do AmO ^r cp‚mV h¢& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Ho MaU ñne© H aZo go CZHo gmao
nmn Ywc JE& CZH s Bg ^§{J‘m go lr‘mVmOr H m öX` ~hþV Am‹S mo{cV hþAm
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo H hm {H Cg g‘` CÝhm|Zo Omo {H `m Wm dh H m°coO Ho à{V
H V©ì` Wm Am¡a Omo Cg g‘` lr‘mVmOr Zo {H `m Wm dh CZH m amîQ´ Ho à{V
H V©ì` Wm& Bg{cE {H gr Zo ^r AnamY Zht {H `m& lr‘mVmOr Ho ‘Z ‘|
76
CZHo à{V {H gr ^r àH ma H m {Jcm {eH dm Z Wm Š`m|{H lrH¥ îU ‘y{V© Vmo
AË`ÝV g‚mZ ì`pŠV Wo& do H hZo cJo {H O~ CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo
{ZûH Vm nyd©H A§J«oO {gnm{h`m| Am¡a CZH s ~ÝXyH m| H m gm‘Zm H aVo hþE
XoIm Vmo CZHo ‘Z ‘| EH hr {dMma Am`m {H do XwJm© AdVma h¢&
CÝh| H m°coO go {ZH mco OmZo H m EH Am¡a ^r H maU Wm& lr.nm°c Zm‘H
EH ì`pŠV h‘mao n[adma Ho AÀNo {‘Ì Wo Am¡a do {ejm {ZXoeH ^r Wo& CZH m
~oQ m H m°coO ‘| lr‘mVmOr H s H jm ‘| ghnmRr Wm& {Og {XZ lr‘mVmOr YaZm
Xo ahr Wt CÝhm|Zo NmoQ o nm°c go H hm `{X dh gƒm ^maVr` h¡ Vmo dh H jm ‘|
Zht OmEJm Am¡a YaZm XoZo ‘| CZH s ‘XX H aoJm& NmoQ o nm°c Zo Omo {H ^yao
gm{h~m| (Brown Sahib) H m {deof CXmhaU Wm lr‘mVmOr H m gmW XoZo go
gm’ BÝH ma H a {X`m Am¡a Iw„‘-Iw„m Jm±YrOr Am¡a CZHo AqhgmË‘H
AmÝXmocZ H s AmcmoMZm H s& CgZo ò ^r H hm {H A§J«oOm| Ho emgZ ‘| dh
~hþV àgÝZ h¡ VWm AqhgmË‘H AmÝXmocZ go ^maV {H gr ^r àH ma ñdV§ÌVm
àmá Zht H a gH Vm& CgZo AmJo H hm, {H ^maVr` Xoe H mo Zht Mcm gH Vo
Š`m|{H CZ‘| BgH s `mo½`Vm hr Zht h¡& CgH s ~mV gwZH a lr‘mVmOr Am¡a
CZH s gho{c`m| Zo AnZr My{‹S `m± CVmat Am¡a Cgo noe H s& ^maV ‘| nwéfm| H m
My{S`m± nhZZm nwéfËdhrZVm, H màVm Am¡a ^réVm H m n`m©` ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
NmoQ o nm°c H mo Bg ~mV na ~hþV H« moY Am`m Am¡a CgZo Bg ‘m‘co H s
{eH m`V AnZo {nVm go H s& lr.nm°c `Ú{n n[adma Ho {‘Ì Wo {’ a ^r CÝhm|Zo
lr‘mVmOr H mo H m°coO go {ZH cdm {X`m&
EH AÝ` KQZm H m ^r ‘¢ dU©Z H aZm Mmhÿ±Jm& EH {XZ lr‘mVmOr Zo
goÝQ Cgw©cm hmB© ñHy c (St.Ursula School) Ho gå‘wI YaZm XoZo H m {ZU©`
{H `m& ò dhr ñHy c h¡ {Og‘| ‘oao ‘mVmOr df© 1919 ‘| ‘w»` AÜ`m{nH m Wt&
^maV H m PÊSm hmW ‘| nH ‹S H a lr‘mVmOr ñHy c Ho ‘w»` Ûma Ho gm‘Zo
I‹S r hþBª Wt Am¡a {damoY Ho ê n ‘| {dÚm{W©`m| go AZwamoY H a aht Wt {H do Ka
dm{ng Mco OmE§& Xya-Xya Ho BcmH m| go ~ÀMm| H mo coH a AmZo dmcr EH ~g
H s do àVrjm H a ahr Wt& Á`m| hr CÝhm|Zo ~g H mo AmVo hþE XoIm Vmo do ñHw c Ho
JoQ Ho RrH gm‘Zo μO‘rZ na coQ JB© Vm{H ~g ñHy c Ho AhmVo ‘| àdoe Z H a
gHo & ñHy c A{YH m[a`m| Zo O~ ò g~ Hw N K{QV hmoVo hþE XoIm Vmo CÝhm|Zo
77
EH Mnamgr H mo ôOH a ~g H mo JoQ go gm¡ JμO Xyar na éH dm {c`m& ‘¢
lr‘mVmOr Ho {~ëHw c g‘rn I‹S m hþAm Wm Am¡a ‘¢ ò ~mV ghZ Z H a gH m
{H do {~Zm Hw N {~NmE Bg Vah go μO‘rZ na coQ OmE§, Bg{cE ‘¢Zo Xm¡‹S H a
Ka OmZo H m à`ËZ {H `m Vm{H Xar cm gHy§ & ‘¢ O~ Ka H s Amoa Xm¡‹S Vm hþAm
Om ahm Wm Vmo ‘¢Zo Mnamgr H mo S´ mBda go H hVo hþE gwZm {H ~g H mo ñHy c
cmZo Ho {cE Xygam amñVm co c|& Omo ^r hmo ‘oar nhcr àmW{‘H Vm lr‘mVmOr
Ho {cE Xar cmZm Wm, Bg{cE ‘¢ Xm¡‹S H a Ka nhþ±Mm Am¡a VwaÝV EH Xar
CRmH a ñHy c Ho {cE Xm¡‹S n‹S m& co{H Z O~ ‘¢ dm{ng Am`m Vmo lr‘mVmOr Ho
Mmam| Amoa nw{cg H mo I‹S o XoIm& ~g Zo Xygar Amoa Ho XadmOo go ñHy c Ho
AÝXa àdoe H aZo Ho {cE EH AÝ` g‹S H nH ‹S cr Wr& lr‘mVmOr PÊSm
CRmH a I‹S r hþB© Wt Am¡a Zmao cJm ahr Wt, "A§J«oOmo ^maV Nmo‹S mo' VËníMmV²
d¡Z ‘| {~RmH a lr‘mVmOr H mo WmZo co Om`m J`m Am¡a dhm± ~’© H s {g{„`m| na
{cQmH a `mVZmE§ Xr JB§©& CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo {~Ocr Ho PQHo (Electric
Shocks) ^r {XE& MoVmdZr XoH a nw{cg Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo Nmo‹S {X`m {H `{X
CÝhm|Zo A§J«oO {damoYr Zmao cJmE `m {H gr g§ñWm Ho gm‘Zo CÝhm|Zo YaZm {X`m
Vmo CÝh| Ooc ‘| Smc {X`m OmEJm& CZH s VwaÝV à{V{H« `m `h Wr {H {~Zm
ñdV§ÌVm Ho ^maVr` nhco go hr Ooc ‘| h¢, Bg{cE dmo Ooc Ho A§Xa hm|Jo `m
~mha CÝh| Š`m ’ H© n‹S Vm h¡&
CÝh| H m°coO go {ZH mcm Om MwH m Wm Am¡a amÁ` Ho {H gr AÝ` H m°coO
‘| àdoe coZo H s Amkm CÝh| Z Wr& Ka na Imcr ~¡R o ahZm CZHo de H s ~mV
Z Wr, {deof ê n go O~ "^maV Nmo‹S mo AmÝXmocZ' {eIa na Wm& AÝVV: EH
{XZ CÝhm|Zo ‘oar ‘mVmOr Ho gå‘wI KmofUm H s {H CÝhm|Zo EH Eogo Xc ‘|
gpå‘{cV hmoZo H m {ZU©` {c`m h¡ Omo Jwá ê n go H m`© H a ahm h¡& ò g‘yh
nwpñVH mE§ Am¡a nM} ~m±Q aho h¢ VWm BpíVhma cJm aho h¢&
‘oao ‘mVmOr AË`ÝV nwamZo {dMmam| H s ‘{hcm Wt Am¡a CÝhm|Zo AnZr
ARmah dfu` AË`ÝV gwÝXa ~oQ r H mo {~Zm {H gr ajH Ho ~mμOma ‘| AHo co
OmZo H s Amkm Z Xr hmoVr, naÝVw Cgr ‘m± Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo Bg IVaZmH
H m`© H mo H aZo H s Amkm Xo Xr {OgHo H maU CÝh| Ooc hmo gH Vr Wr Am¡a `{X
A§J«oO Jmocr MmcH Xc go CZH m gm‘Zm hmo OmVm Vmo CZH s OmZ ^r Om
78
gH Vr Wr& ‘oar ‘mVmOr Ho {cE CZHo ~ÀMo AË`ÝV ~hþ‘yë` Wo, {deofê n go
lr‘mVmOr& naÝVw Xoe H s ñdV§ÌVm CZHo {cE ~ÀMm| go ^r A{YH ~hþ‘yë`
Wr VWm CZH s gdm}ƒ àmW{‘H Vm Wr& AV: CÝhmo|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo Jwá ê n go
H m`© H aZo H s Amkm Xo Xr&
~hþV df© níMmV² EH em‘ O~ ‘¢ AnZr ‘m± H s godm H a ahm Wm Am¡a
Bg KQZm H s ~mV H a ahm Wm Vmo CÝh| No‹S Vo hþE ‘¢Zo H hm, "CZHo {^ÝZ
‘mnXÊS h¢' EH c‹S H m| Ho {cE, EH c‹S {H `m| Ho {cE& ‘¢Zo CZgo H hm {H
c‹S H m| Ho à{V CZH m ì`dhma ~hþV H Rmoa h¡ Am¡a c‹S {H `m| Ho à{V ~hþV
H mo‘c Am¡a Cg NmoQ r C‘« ‘| lr‘mVmOr H mo Jwá ê n go H m`© H aZo H s Amkm
XoZm c‹S {H `m| Ho à{V CZH s àmW{‘H Vm H m Ádc§V CXmhaU h¡& nyU©
Jå^raVm nyd©H CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo CÎma {X`m {H `Ú{n BVZr NmoQ r Am`w ‘| c‹S H s
H m Jwá ê n go H m`© H aZm CÝh| ng§X Z Wm naÝVw df© 1942 H s n[apñW{V`m|
‘| amîQ´ H mo lr‘mVmOr H s Amdí`H Vm CZH s ‘m± H s Anojm H ht A{YH Wr&
CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ò ^r ~Vm`m {H lr‘mVmOr X¥‹T M[aÌ ì`pŠV h¢& AnZo {gÕm§Vm|
Am¡a {dídmg Ho {déÕ ^r ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo Mmoar {Nno H m`© H aZo
H s Amkm Xr Wr&
~‹S r Am`w H m EH ì`pŠV RmHw a {Za§OZ qgh Omo {H A§J«oOm| H mo CIm‹S
’| H Zo Ho {cE H¥ V-g§H ën Wm lr‘mVmOr Ho Xc H m ZoVm Wm& CZH s Jwá
J{V{d{Y`m| ‘| EH Jm±d go Xygao Jm±d, EH H ñ~o go Xygao H ñ~o, EH ZJa go
Xygao ZJa OmH a cmoJm| ‘| A§J«oOm| H mo ^maV go {ZH mc ’| H Zo Am¡a ñd`§ H mo
XmgVm H s O§Oram| go ‘wŠV H aZo H s MoVZm OmJ¥V H aZm ^r gpå‘{cV Wm&
CZHo H m¶m] ‘| A§J«oO {damoYr BpíVhma ~m±Q Zm ^r gpå‘{cV Wm& ‘wPo `mX h¡
{H lr‘mVmOr h‘mao Ka ‘| Eogo BpíVhma gå^mc H a aIVr Wt& amV H mo
{H gr ^r AQnQo g‘` na do MwwnHo go Ka ‘| KwgVt BpíVhma CRmVt Amoa
MwnHo go ~mha {ZH c OmVt& ‘wI{~am| go A§J«oOm| H mo gyMZm {‘cr {H h‘mao Ka
‘| {H gr àH ma H s gaH ma {damoYr J{V{d{Y Mc ahr h¡& AV: CÝhm|Zo Ka na
Nmnm ‘mam, naÝVw CÝh| Hw N ^r Z àmá hþAm& ‘oar ‘mVmOr BZ BpíVhmam| H mo
AZmO Ho ^ygo Ho ZrMo X~mH a aIVr Wt Š`m|{H CÝhm|Zo Ka ‘o§ hmW go {ZH mco
hþE Mmdc Am¡a Jw‹S ~oMZo H s XwH mZ Imoc cr Wr& ‘oar ‘mVmOr Jm±Yr Ûmam
79
J«m‘moÚmoJ g§ñWm H s EOo§Q Ho ê n ‘| H m`© H a aht Wt&
n[adma ‘| Š`m|{H ‘oao {nVmOr hr H ‘mZo dmco ì`pŠV Wo, Bg{cE n[adma
H s Am` ~hþV hr H ‘ hmo JB© Wr Am¡a ~ƒm| H mo RrH go ^moOZ Am{X XoZo Ho
{cE, Ka Ho amoμO‘am© Ho IM} McmZo Ho {cE, Ka H s MrμO| EH -EH H aHo ~oMr
OmZo cJt& g‘ñ`m Am¡a ^r ~‹T JB© O~ ‘oar EH ~hZ emÝVercm
(emÝVm~mB©) J{‘©`m| Ho A{Vgma (Diarrhoea) go Jå^ra ê n go ~r‘ma hmo JBª&
ò amoJ H B© ~ma OmZcodm ^r hmo gH Vm h¡& CZH m BcmO H aZo Ho {cE ‘oar
‘mVmOr H mo AnZo Hw N JhZo ~oMZo n‹S o& pñW{V BVZr Iam~ Wr {H AnZo ~‹S o
Ka Ho {~c ^r h‘ Z MwH m nmVo Wo&
1942-43 Ho e¡{jH df© ‘| h‘‘| go Hw N H mo AnZr n‹T mB© Nmo‹S Zr n‹S r&
Eogm H aZo H s ‘wPo Amdí`H Vm Z n‹S r naÝVw {H gr Vah go ‘¢Zo ^r EH gmc
H s n‹T mB© go ‘wpŠV nm cr& H m°coO go {ZîH m{gV hmo OmZo Ho H maU lr‘mVmOr
H m EH df© Iam~ hmo J`m Wm naÝVw do AnZr n‹T mB© H mo Am¡a amOZr{VH
J{V{d{Y`m| H mo Mmcy aIZo H s ~hþV BÀNw H Wt& df© 1942-43 ~hþV
CWc-nwWc VWm n[adma Ho {cE ^`mZH H {RZmB`m| H m df© Wm& O¡go nhco
dU©Z {H `m J`m h¡, n¡go H s H ‘r Ho H maU ‘mC§Q amoS na pñWV BVZo ~‹S o Ka
Ho {~c Am¡a Q¡Šg Xo nmZo ‘| h‘ Ag‘W© Wo& AV: h‘ cmoJ grVmdXu ‘| ~wVr
H s Mmc (Buti-ki-Chawl) Zm‘H NmoQ o Ka ‘| Mco JE& g^r ~ÀMm| H mo
{‘Vì``Vm {gImB© JB© Am¡a ì`W© Ho IM} go ~MZo Ho {cE H hm J`m&
ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| lr‘mVmOr Ho Jwá ê n go H m`© H aZo Ho {XZm| Ho ~hþV
go {XcMñn {H ñgo h¢& EH ~ma lr‘mVmOr H mo {dñ’ moQ H m| H m EH Q´ §H AnZo
gmW co OmZm n‹S m& EH {‘Ì CZHo gmW `mÌm H a ahm Wm& AMmZH CÝh| nVm
cJm {H ‘mYd Aml‘ Zm‘H {Og hmoQ c ‘| do Rhao hþE Wo dhm± nw{cg AmZo
dmcr h¡& lr‘mVmOr Zo Q´ §H ‘| añgr ~m§YH a Cgo pI‹S H s Ho ~mha cQH m
{X`m& nw{cg O~ Vcmer coZo Ho {cE AmB© Vmo Cgo H ‘ao go Hw N ^r Z {‘cm&
EH ~ma {’ a lr‘mVmOr H mo EH {‘Ì Ho gmW lr ~mJ‹S r, Omo {H ~hþV cå~o
ì`pŠV Wo, H mo coZo OmZm n‹S m& CZ g~Zo ‘wgc‘mZ Am¡aVm| H m ~wH m© nhZm
hþAm Wm& WmZo Ho gm‘Zo O~ do JwOao Vmo nw{cg B§ñnoŠQa Zo Cg cå~r ‘{hcm
Ho {df` ‘| nyN m, B§ñnoŠQa O~ Bg ‘m‘co H s [anmoQ © XoZo Ho {cE A§Xa J`m Vmo
80
BZHo H ma MmcH Zo ~hþV VoμO J{V go H ma Xm¡‹S m Xr& Hw N Xyar VH nw{cg Zo
‘moQ a gmB©{H c na BZH m nrNm {H `m& MmcH H ma H mo EH O§Jc ‘| co J`m
Am¡a KZo O§Jc ‘| VrZm| cmoJm| H mo CVma {X`m& {~Zm ^moOZ Ho ò cmoJ VrZ {XZ
dhm± aho& dhm± na nmZr H s EH g[aVm Wr {OgHo ghmao ò Or{dV aho& VrZ
{XZ ~mX MmcH H ma coH a Am`m Am¡a BÝh| dm{ng ~å~B© co J`m& EH ~ma ò
~g go C‚m¡Z Om aho Wo Am¡a CZHo g‘rn hr {Za§OZ qgh ~¡R m hþAm Wm& Cggo
O~ nyN m J`m {H `h c‹S {H `m± H hm± Om ahr h¢ Vmo CgZo nw{cg H mo ~Vm`m {H
AnZo {ddmh H m ’¡ gcm H aZo Ho {cE Om ahr h¢& dh {OZgo {‘cZo Om ahm Wm
CZH m Zm‘ CgZo Zht ~Vm`m& AnZo Ka ‘| CgZo lr‘mVmOr Am¡a CZHo {‘Ìm|
H mo AË`ÝV gå‘mZ go aIm& CgH s nËZr Ho ‘Z ‘| lr‘mVmOr Ho {cE ~hþV
ào‘ C‘‹S m Am¡a CgZo CÝh| EH gm‹S r ô§Q H s& lr‘mVmOr Zo O~ AnZo
‘oμO~mZm| H mo AnZo dhm± AmZo H m dmñV{dH cú` ~Vm`m {H CÝh| dhm± na Ooc
go ^mJo hþE Hw N cmoJm| go {‘cZm h¡ Am¡a CÝh| AnZo gmW {X„r co OmZm h¡ Vmo do
AË`ÝV ^mdwH hmo CRo Am¡a H hm, ""`{X BVZr A~moY ~m{cH mE§ Xoe H s
ñdV§ÌVm Ho {cE c‹S ahr h¢ Vmo h‘ Š`m H a aho h¢,'' Am¡a dmo cmoJ ^r
ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m‘ ‘| gpå‘{cV hmo JE& VrZ {XZm| Ho níMmV² ò Xc H moQ m Ho
amñVo H ma Ûmam {X„r Ho {cE admZm hþAm& H moQ m ‘| ò Xmo {XZ éHo & lr‘mVmOr
AmO ^r gwÝXa àmH¥ {VH X¥í`m| go {Kar hþB© H moQ m H s gwÝXa Prc H mo `mX
H aVr h¢& nm±M ^Jmo‹S m| Ho gmW do {X„r nhþ±Mt Am¡a EH {‘Ì Xoe^ŠV Ho Ka na
éH s¨& Jwá ê n go BÝh| `yZmZr ‘¡{SH c ñHy c ‘| co OmZm Wm& g‹S H na ~hþV go
c‹S Ho I‹S o Wo& Á`m|hr CÝhm|Zo `wdm c‹S {H `m| H mo AmVo XoIm Vmo g^r ~ÝXam| H s
Vah go AmMaU H aZo cJo, Hw N no‹S m| na M‹T JE, Hw N Sm{c`m| na cQH aho
Wo, Hw N Vmcr ~Om aho Wo& K~amZo Ho ñWmZ na lr‘mVmOr Omoa-Omoa go h±gZo
cJr Am¡a CZH s {ZûH Vm H mo XoIH a gmao ~ÝXa ZrMo Am JE& `h AË`ÝV
{dZmoX‘` pñW{V Wr Š`m|{H ‘hmamîQ´ ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo Eogr pñW{V H ^r Z
XoIr Wr& dhm± Vmo cmoJ ‘{hcmAm| H m gå‘mZ H aVo Wo& nhcr ~ma lr‘mVmOr
{X„r AmE Wo& do O~ Ka nhþ±Mt Vmo AË`ÝV àgÝZ Wt& naÝVw h‘mar ‘mVmOr Zo
H hm, {H do ~hþV Xw~©c hmo JB© h¢&'' lr‘mVmOr Zo H hm, h‘mar ‘m± Zo `h ~mV
Bg{cE H s Wr Vm{H do cm¡Q H a Z OmE§& naÝVw A~ Eogr pñW{V Z Wr {H do
81
AnZo ~‹T o hþE H X‘ dm{ng co coVt Š`m|{H CÝhm|Zo Vmo AnZr ‘mV¥^y{‘ H mo
A§J«oOm| Ho {eH§ Oo go ‘wŠV H amZo H m ~r‹S m CRm`m Wm& Zm¡ ‘hrZo VH do μ\ ama
aht& {Za§OZ qgh H mo {JaâVma H aHo H Rmoa H mamdmg H m XÊS {X`m J`m&
EH {XZ AMmZH dmo h‘mao XadmOo na Am`m& Hw N AÝ` μ\ ama H m`©H Vm©Am|
H s ghm`Vm go dh Ooc go ^mJ {ZH cm Wm& lr‘mVmOr Zo AnZo {ejH
(Tutor) H mo H hm {H CÝh| AnZo Ka na {Nnmò Š`m|{H {ejH H m Ka ~hþV Xya
Wm& lr‘mVmOr H s EH ghocr H m Ka h‘mao Ka Ho ~hþV g‘rn Wm& Bg ghocr
Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go dmo amoO {Za§OZ Or H m ImZm {ÔdmVr Wt& Ka Ho {nNco
XadmOo go lr‘mVmOr {Za§OZ qgh H mo {‘cZo OmVt Vm{H nw{cg Bg ~mV H mo
OmZ Z co& naÝVw {H gr Vah go Bg Jwá ñWmZ H m nw{cg H mo nVm cJ J`m& ò
ñWmZ Jwá J{V{d{Y`m± McmZo H m ‘w»`mc` ^r Wm& {Za§OZ qgh H mo nwZ:
{JaμâVma H a {c`m J`m Am¡a CÝh| ñdV§ÌVm Ho ~mX hr ‘wŠV {H `m J`m& Ooc
H s BVZr cå~r Ad{Y Zo CÝh| AË`ÝV Xw~©c H a {X`m Am¡a Ooc go AnZo Ka
JXadmcm AmZo Ho Hw N hr ‘mh níMmV² CZH s ‘¥Ë`w hmo JB©&
g‘mMma nÌm| ‘| Mr‘moa ApîQ (Cheemor Ashti) Ho H Ëco Am‘ Ho
g‘mMma H mo n‹T H a lr‘mVmOr naoemZ hmo JBª& Hw N {‘Ìm| Ho gmW CÝhm|Zo Bg
ñWc H m Xm¡am {H `m Am¡a AmO VH Cg ^`mZH X¥í` H mo do ^yc Zht nmVr
Ohm± ZÝht ~m{cH mAm| H m ^r ~bmËH ma H aHo CZH m H Ëc H a {X`m J`m Wm&
lr‘mVmOr O~ ~mcH am‘ ‘¡{SH c H m°coO ‘| {ejm àmá H a ahr Wr Vmo
Xoe H m {d^mOZ K{QV hþAm Am¡a nm{H ñVmZ ‘| {hÝXwAm| VWm J¡a ‘wpñc‘
cmoJm| H m H ËcoAm‘ hmoZo cJm Wm& BZ n[apñW{V`m| ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo VwaÝV
AnZm H m°coO Nmo‹S {X`m& Qm±Jo ‘| O~ dmo ñQoeZ H s Amoa Om ahr Wt Vmo CÝhm|Zo
Hw N {hÝXwAm| H m H Ëc H aZo Ho {cE CZHo nrNo Xm¡‹S Vr hþB© EH ~hþV ~‹S r ^r‹S
H mo XoIm& Qm±Jo dmcm ì`pŠV ~hþV AÀNm ì`pŠV Wm Am¡a CgZo lr‘mVmOr H mo
Xygao ‘mJ© go co OmH a gwa{jV ñQoeZ nhþ±Mm`m& ^maV ‘| nhþ±MZo dmcr CZH s
A§{V‘ aocJm‹S r Wr {Og‘| H ËcoAm‘ Z hþAm Wm&
AmO VH ^r lr‘mVmOr Ho öX` ‘| Xoe ^pŠV H s ^mdZm BVZr JhZ h¡
{H O~ ^r dmo amîQ´ r` PÊSo H mo XoIVr h¢ Vmo CZH s Am±Im| ‘| Am±gy Am OmVo h¢&
82
Amaå^ ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H mo ZmJnwa Ooc ‘| aIm J`m Wm Ohm± ‘¢ AnZr
‘mVmOr Ho gmW CZgo {‘cZo Om`m H aVm Wm& ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo CZgo Xya go
hr {‘cZo H s Amkm Wr naÝVw NmoQ m hmoZo Ho H maU ‘wPo O§Jco Ho nmg OmH a
AnZo {nVmOr go {‘cZo H s Amkm Xo Xr OmVr Wr& df© 1941 ‘| ‘¢ V~cm
~Om`m H aVm Wm Am¡a AnZo ~‹S o ^mB© ~mcm gmh~ Ho Jwé Ûmam {XE JE nmR H mo
Ü`mZnyd©H gwZVm Wm& AnZo KwQ Zm| H mo ~OmH a ‘¢Zo V~cm ~OmZm Amaå^
{H `m Am¡a ~mX ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ‘wPo V~cm IarX {X`m Wm& Ooc OmZo go nyd©
do ñd`§ ^r V~cm grIZo cJo Wo& ha gw~h dmo ‘wPo AnZo gm‘Zo {~RmH a
[a`mμO H admVo Am¡a IwX ^r Aä`mg H aVo& gmVdf© H s H mo‘c Am`w ‘| ‘oao
{cE V~co Ho g^r ~moc, ‘wI‹S m Am¡a H m`Xm {cI nmZm H {RZ Z Wm& ‘¢Zo BZ
g~H mo `mX H a {c`m Wm Am¡a Amdí`H Vm n‹S Zo na BÝh| Xmoham gH Vm Wm&
Ooc ‘| AnZo {nVmOr go {‘cZo na h‘mam {‘cZ CÝh| ‘wI‹S o Am¡a H m`Xo ~VmZo
VH hr gr{‘V hmoVm Am¡a do Ooc Ho AnZo gm{W`m| H mo Jd©nyd©H V~cmdmXZ ‘|
‘oar CncpãY`m| Ho {df` ‘| ~VmVo&
ZmJnwa Ooc ‘| cJ^J So ‹T ‘hrZm ahZo Ho níMmV² B§ñnoŠQa ‘wíVmH
Ah‘X H m XyV Am`m& CgZo H hm {H ‘oao {nVmOr H mo d¡cmoa Ooc ñWmZm§V[aV
H aZm h¡ (docm¡a ‘X«mg Ho g‘rn EH NmoQ m eha h¡)& VwaÝV h‘ cmoJ ñQoeZ
H s Amoa Xm¡‹S o& dhm± OmH a h‘Zo XoIm {H aocJm‹S r ‘| {dZmo~m ^mdo ~¡R o h¢& CÝhm|Zo
lr‘mVmOr H mo ~wcm`m Am¡a CZ na ~hþV {~J‹S o& dmo H h aho Wo, ""Vwåh| Xoe Ho
{cE H m`© H aZo H s Š`m Amdí`H Vm h¡? Vw‘ ~hþV NmoQ r hmo, Vwåhmar ‘m± H mo
gX¡d Vwåhmar {MÝVm cJr ahVr h¡&'' ‘oao {nVmOr Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo AnZo nmg
~wcm`m Am¡a H hm, ""Bg ~y‹T o ì`pŠV H s ~mVm| na Ü`mZ Zht XoZm& ‘wPo Vw‘ na
Jd© h¡ Am¡a `{X ‘oao gmao ~ÀMo amîQ´ Ho {cE H m`© H a| Vmo ‘¢ gdm©{YH Jm¡ademcr
{nVm hmoD §Jm&'' ‘oar ‘m± H s Va’ ‘w‹S H a CÝhm|Zo H hm, ""Vw‘ OmYd n[adma go
hmo ({edmOr H s ‘mVmOr H m n[adma) Vw‘ BVZr {MpÝVV Š`m| hmo? {Z‘©cm
Pm±gr H s amZr cú‘r ~mB© h¡ Omo A§J«oOm| go c‹S r Wr& do AË`ÝV àgÝZ ZμOa
Am aho Wo Am¡a ‘wñH amVo hþE CÝhm|Zo h‘mar Va’ XoIm& dh ‘wñH mZ ‘wPo AmO
VH `mX h¡& Cg g‘` VH h‘| Bg ~mV H m kmZ Z Wm {H A~ h‘ CÝh| nÝX«h
‘hrZm| VH Zht XoI nmE§Jo& ò KQZm ‘B© 1942 ‘| K{QV hþB©&
83
Ooc ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H mo n[adma H mo nÌ {cIZo H s Amkm Wr& naÝVw ôOo
OmZo go nyd© gmao nÌm| H m nyd©-{ZarjU Ooc A{YH mar H aVo Wo& nÌ Ho {Og
^r ^mJ H mo do n[adma VH Z ôOZm MmhVo Cg na H mcr ñ`mhr C‹S oc Xr
OmVr Wr& {H gr Zo ‘oar ‘mVmOr H mo ~Vm`m {H nÌ Ho g¢ga {H E hþE {hñgo na
n‹S r ñ`mhr na `{X noQ´ moc Smc {X`m OmE Vmo ñ`mhr H m a§J ’ sH m n‹S OmEJm
Am¡a Amn CgHo ZrMo {cIo hþE eãXm| H mo n‹T gH| Jr& h‘mao Ka Ho g‘rn hr
EH noQ´ moc nån Wm {OgHo ‘m{cH H m nwÌ EH n§Om~r gaXma Wm& dmo ‘oam
AÀNm {‘Ì Wm Am¡a gXm ‘wPo ~moVc ‘| n¡Q´ moc Xo {X`m H aVm {Ogo ‘¢ Ka co
AmVm& Bg àH ma nÌ Ho g¢ga {H E hþE {hñgm| H mo ^r ‘oao ‘mVmOr n‹T nmVr&
‘oar ‘mVmOr ^r CÝh| nÌ {cIm H aVr Wr& ò nÌ ^r CÝh| nhþ±MmZo go nyd© g|ga
{H E OmVo Wo& ‘oar ‘mVmOr gX¡d n[adma H s AÀNr-AÀNr ~mV| {cIVt
Vm{H CÝh| {MÝVm Z hmo& dmo OmZVr Wr {H amîQ´ hr n[adma H s àmW{‘H Vm h¡
Am¡a amîQ´ ~hþV ~‹S r {dn{Îm H m gm‘Zm H a ahm h¡& amîQ´ H s {dn{Îm Ho gå‘wI
n[adma H s g‘ñ`mE§ ~hþV NmoQ r Wt& BZ g^r g‘ñ`mAm| Ho ~mdOyX ^r h‘
H ^r {Zame `m naoemZ Zht hþE& BgHo {dnarV h‘ ‘mV¥^y{‘ H m ñVw{V JmZ
{H `m H aVo Wo& Mm¡Xh df© H s ZÝht Am`w ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘mV¥ ^y{‘ Ho gå‘mZ
‘| EH ~hþV AÀNr H {dVm {cIr Wr {OgH mo h‘ AÝ` JmZm| Ho gmW Jm`m
H aVo Wo&
1943-44 H m {ejm df© O~ Amaå^ hþAm Vmo h‘| {^ÝZ ñHy cm| Am¡a
H m°coOm| ‘| àdoe {Xcdm`m J`m& lr‘mVmOr H mo cw{Y`mZm Ho EH {M{H Ëgm
{dÚmc` ‘| àdoe {‘cm (cw{Y`mZm A~ n§Om~ ‘| h¡) Am¡a ‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© ZaoÝX«
AnZr ñZmVH {ejm H mo nyU© H aZo Ho {cE cIZD Mco JE& `Ú{n Cg g‘`
h‘mar Am{W©H pñW{V ~hþV AÀNr Z Wr {’ a ^r ‘oar ‘mVmOr MmhVr Wt {H
h‘mar {ejm McVr aho& `Ú{n Bg àH ma h‘mao gr{‘V Am{W©H gmYZm| na
BgH m ~hþV X~md n‹S m {’ a ^r CÝhm|Zo ò {ZU©` {H `m {H g^r ~ÀMo ñHy cm| ‘|
dm{ng OmE§Jo& lr‘mVmOr df© 1943 go 1945 VH cw{Y`mZm Ho {M{H Ëgm
ñHy c ‘| Wr& ~hþV df© níMmV² 1985 go 1987 VH ‘wPo Cgr ñHy c ‘|
coImnarjU (Audit) H m H m‘ gm¢nm J`m Wm& ò ñHy c A~ ~hþV ~‹S o {M{H Ëgm
{dÚmc` Am¡a AñnVmc ‘| n[ad{V©V hmo MwH m h¡& coIm {ZarjH Ho ê n ‘| ‘wPo
84
{X`m J`m EH H m`© hmoñQc Ho H ‘am| H s gån{Îm H m dmñV{dH gË`mnZ
(Physical Verification) H aZm ^r Wm&
Cg g‘` JJZ Ahcwdm{c`m ‘oao ghm`H Wo& EH {XZ dm¡ Xm¡‹S Vo hþE ‘oao
nmg AmE Am¡a H hZo cJo {H ‘{hcm NmÌmdmg Ho àW‘ Vc Ho EH H ‘ao go
~hþV VoO M¡VÝ` ch[a`m± Am ahr h¢& ‘¢ ^r dhm± J`m Am¡a M¡VÝ` ch[a`m±
‘hgyg H s& ~mX ‘¢ ‘¢Zo ò H hmZr lr‘mVmOr H mo ~VmB© Vmo CÝhm|Zo ~Vm`m {H
àW‘ Vc Ho EH H ‘ao ‘| do dhm± ahr Wt& {ZpíMV ê n go {Og H ‘ao go erVc
M¡VÝ` ch[a`m± ~h ahr Wt dht lr‘mVmOr ahr hmo§Jr&
df© 1943 Ho {Xgå~a ‘hrZo ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H mo Ooc go ‘wŠV {H `m J`m&
EH ~r‘ma ì`pŠV Ho ê n ‘| do Ka cm¡Q o& Ooc H m ImZm CÝh| amg Z Am`m Wm,
n[aUm‘-ñdê n CÝh| Amåc amoJ (Acidity) hmo J`m Wm {OgZo ~mX ‘| Am±V Ho
Aëga H m ê n YmaU H a {c`m& cmoJm| Zo `hm± VH H hm {H CÝh| hëH m μOha
{X`m J`m h¡& naÝVw dm{ng AmVo hr CÝhm|Zo AnZr dH mcV Amaå^ H a Xr
{OgHo H maU h‘| VwaÝV Am{W©H ghm`Vm {‘cr& n[aUm‘ñdê n h‘Zo EH
~ma {’ a AnZm Ka am‘Xmg nrR joÌ ‘| ñWmZm§V[aV H a {c`m& ò joÌ AmO
ZmJnwa H m g~go d¡^demcr joÌ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& ò Ka ~hþV ~‹S m Wm naÝVw hmc
hr ‘| ~Zm`m J`m Wm& Bg‘| {~Ocr ^r Z cJr Wr& AV: h‘ cmoJm| H mo c¡ån `m
cmcQoZ OcmH a n‹T Zm n‹T Vm Wm& ‘oao ‘mVmOr Zo BZ cmcQoZm| H s {M‘{Z`m§
gm’ H aZo H m H m‘ ‘wPo gm¢nm Wm& ò H m`© ‘wPo ~hþV AmZÝX XoVm Wm& ò Iwer
H m`© H aZo H s Zht hmVor Wr naÝVw `h H m`© H aVo hEþ nT‹ mB© go ~MZo H s hmVor Wr&
df© 1944 Ho Amaå^ ‘| amOZr{VH X¥í` VoOr go n[ad{V©V hmo ahm Wm&
gaH ma ‘| ^maVr` cmoJm| H s ^mJrXmar ~‹T JB© Wr Am¡a A§J«oO Ho ÝX« VWm amÁ`m|
Ho ñVa na gaH ma ~ZmZo Ho {cE ^maVr` cmoJm| H mo Am‘§{ÌV H a aho Wo&
H m§J«og Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo Ho ÝX«r` {dYmZg^m (Central Legislative Council)
Ho {cE {QH Q {X`m& `h g^m ~mX ‘| g§gX Ho Zm‘ go OmZr JB©& amîQ´ r` ñd`§
godH g§K Ho amOZr{VH ‘moM©o {hÝXy ‘hmg^m Zo H Z©c nam§Ono H mo ‘oao {nVmOr
Ho ‘wH m~co na I‹S m {H `m& ‘oao {nVmOr H m {Zdm©MZ joÌ ~hþV {demc Wm& `h
cJ^J 150 {H cmo‘rQa joÌ ‘| Wm& ‘oar ‘mVmOr Ho gmW do H ma Ûmam ì`mnH
ê n go `mÌm {H `m H aVo& CZHo g‘W©H m|§ ‘| OZac Admar, lr.éB©H a, nyZ‘
85
MÝÐm§H m Am¡a lr.H mZ‘ Wo Omo ~mX ‘| ‘hmamîQ´ Ho ‘w»`‘§Ìr ~Zo&
Jm|{X`m Ho ~r‹S r {Z‘m©Vm lr.na‘mZÝX nQoc Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo H ma Am¡a
noQ´ moc H s gw{dYm CncãY H admB©& OZVm ‘| amîQ´ r`Vm H s ^mdZm Am¡a H m§J«og
H mo OZVm H m BVZm g‘W©Z Wm {H ‘oao {nVmOr Ohm± ^r ^mfU XoZo Ho {cE
OmVo Vmo dhm± hOmam| cmoJ CnpñWV hmoVo Am¡a g~H s EH hr àmW©Zm hmoVr {H
{H gr Vah go ^maV H mo XmgVm go ‘wŠV hmo OmZm Mm{hE& ò H hZm AZmdí`H
hmoJm {H ‘oao {nVmOr ~hþV ~‹S o ~hþ‘V go OrVo& BVZo ~‹S o ~hþ‘V go {H CZHo
{damoYr H Z©c nam§Ono H s O‘mZV OãV hmo JB©& MwZmd 1945 ‘| hþE Wo naÝVw
g§{dYmZ g^m df© 1946 ‘| ~ZmB© JB©&
‘oao EH MmMm lr So {dS, ‘¡hma [a`mgV Ho Sr.AmB©.Or. (Deputy
Inspector General of Police) Wo& (ñdV§Ì hmoZo go nyd© ^maV ‘| A§J«oOm| Zo
AnZo ew^{MÝVH m| H mo Hw N joÌ Xo {XE Wo Am¡a CÝh| dhm± H m amOm `m ‘hmamOm
~Zm {X`m Wm& BZ jÌm| H mo [a`mgV H hm OmVm Wm) ‘¡hma Ho amOm Zo ^r Bg
~mV H mo gwZm {H A§Jo«O A~ Xoe H mo Xoedm{g`m| Ho hdmco H aZo dmco h¢& Eogr
KQZm `{X hmo OmVr h¡ Vmo Cgo AnZm amÁ` Am¡a [a`mgV ImoZr n‹S oJr Š`mo§{H
gaXma d„^ ^mB© nQoc Zo, Omo {H ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr Ho ~hþV
ZOXrH s gmWr Wo, ñnîQ KmofUm H a Xr Wr {H ^maV ñdV§Ì hmoZo Ho níMmV²
~‹S r NmoQ r g^r [a`mgVm| H mo à^wgÎmm gånÝZ ^maV ‘| {‘cm {c`m OmEJm&
‘oao MmMmOr OmZVo Wo {H ‘oao {nVmOr H m gaXma d„^ ^mB© nQoc go
AË`ÝV gm{ZÜ` h¡& CÝhm|Zo ò ~mV ‘hmamOm H mo ^r ~VmB©& ò gmar KQZmE§
df© 1946 ‘| K{QV hmo ahr Wt& ‘oao {nVmOr O~ {X„r AmE Vmo ‘¡hma go EH
XyV {X„r Am`m& CgZo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo ~Vm`m {H ‘¡hma Ho ‘hmamOm CÝh|
AnZm H mZyZr gcmhH ma (Legal Adviser) ~ZmZm MmhVo Wo Am¡a Bg{cE
CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go {‘cZo H s BÀNm àH Q H s Wr& ‘oao MmMmOr ò ^r OmZVo
Wo {H ‘oao {nVmOr H mo Am±V H m Aëga (Dudodenal Ulcer) amoJ h¡ Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo gcmh Xr {H ‘oao {nVmOr ‘¡hma OmH a ‘hmamOm H s [a`mgV Ho
{M{H ËgH lr ‘m¡BVam go AnZm BcmO H admE§& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo Bg{cE
‘hmamOm Ho àñVmd H mo ñdrH ma H a {c`m Am¡a {X„r `m ZmJnwa go df© 1946
Am¡a 1947 ‘| H B© ~ma ‘¡hma H s `mÌm H s&
86
dmñVd ‘| lr‘mVmOr g‘oV nyao n[adma Zo ‘¡hma H s `mÌm H s& dhm± h‘
[a`mgV Ho A{V{W`m| Ho ê n ‘| JE& h‘mar `mÌmAm| Zo {^ÝZ àH ma go ‘hËd
hm{gc {H `m& gd©àW‘ Bg{cE {H Sm°ŠQa ‘m¡BVam Z Ho dc EH MVwa
{M{H ËgH Wo ~pëH CZHo hmW ‘| eμ\ m ^r Wr& Xygao ñWmZ na 56 dmÚ `ÝÌm|
Ho {gÕ hñV Am¡a n§{SV a{de§H a, CñVmX Acr AH ~a Im± gm{h~, AnZo
~oQ o Am¡a AnZr ~oQ r AÝZnyUm© Xodr Ho Jwé CñVmX AcmCÔrZ Im± gm{h~
Xa~mar g§JrVk Ho ê n ‘| ‘¡hma Ho ‘hmamOm H s Zm¡H ar ‘| Wo& Cg g‘` `wdm
NmÌ n§{SV a{de§H a CñVmX AcmCÔrZ go {gVma grI aho Wo& EH ~ma O~
h‘ CñVmX AcmCÔrZ Ho Ka JE Vmo CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go nyN m {H Š`m do
Hw N ‘Ywa g§JrV gwZZm Mmh§|Jo? em‘ H m g‘` Wm Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr {Okmgw
g§JrVH ma Wo& do VwaÝV CZHo àñVmd go gh‘V hmo JE& CñVmX Zo a{de§H a
H mo AmdmO cJmB© Am¡a CZgo amJ `‘Z ~OmZo H mo H hm& h‘ g~H mo ò g§JrV
AË`ÝV ‘Ywa cJm Am¡a h‘ CZHo {gVma ‘| Imo JE& naÝVw Xg {‘ZQ Ho ~mX
AcmCÔrZ Im± gm{h~ Zo CÝh| amoH {X`m Am¡a H hm {H CZHo {gVma go amJ H s
ewÕVm Zht ~h ahr h¡ VWm CÝh| Am¡a A{YH Aä`mg H s Amdí`H Vm h¡& V~
CÝhm|Zo AnZr ~oQ r AÝZnyUm© H mo ~wcm`m Am¡a Cgo gwa~hma na dhr amJ ~OmZo
H mo H hm& CZH m dmXZ ~hþV AmZÝXXm`r Wm Am¡a g§JrV g‘má hmoZo Ho
níMmV² CñVmX Zo H hm amJ `‘Z Bg àH ma ~Om`m OmZm Mm{hE&
Bg àH ma {ZpíMV ê n go a{de§H a Ho Ah§ H mo MmoQ nhþ±Mr& em‘ Ho
g‘` EH V~cm dmXH H mo gmW coH a a{d e§H a Cg ñWmZ na AmE Ohm± h‘
éHo hþE Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo àmW©Zm H s {H nÝÐh {‘ZQ CZH m g§JrV gwZZo Ho {cE
X|& ‘oao {nVmOr EH X‘ V¡`ma hmo JE& V~ a{de§H a Zo amJ {‘`m§ ‘ëhma ~Om`m
Am¡a dmo ^r cJ^J EH KÊQo VH & `Ú{n CZH s àñVw{V AË`ÝV loîR Wr {’ a
^r Cg g‘` na h‘ ò ^{dî`dmUr Z H a gH Vo Wo {H AmZo dmco g‘` ‘| do
{díd {d»`mV g§JrV {demaX ~Z|Jo& Sm.‘m¡BVam H s Xmo npËZ`m§ Am¡a EH ß`mam
~oQ m Wm& g§JrV ‘| CZH s ~hþV A{YH é{M Z Wr na§Vw do ‘oao {nVmOr go
A„mCÔrZ Im± gm{h~ H s AnZo {eî`m| Ho à{V ì`dhma H s {eH m`V {H `m
H aVo Wo& CÝhm|Zo h‘| ~Vm`m {H EH amV Xmo ~Oo O~ g^r cmoJ gmo aho Wo Vmo
CñVmX A„mCÔrZ Im± gm{h~ Ho {eî` Zo CZH m XadmOm IQ-IQm`m&
87
CgHo {ga go IyZ ~h ahm Wm& CgZo ~Vm`m {H μOam gm ~ogwam hmo OmZo na
{ga na V~cm Xo ‘mam& ò H hVo hþE ‘wPo e‘© Am ahr h¡ {H ‘wPo ^r Im± gm{h~
Am¡a ‘hmamOm Ho gå‘wI V~cm ~OmZo H m Adga àmá hþAm Wm Am¡a AnZr
AkmZVmde ‘¢Zo `hr gmoMm {H ‘¢Zo ~hþV AÀNm V~cm ~Om`m& ‘wPo ò ~mV Z
‘hgyg hþB© Wr {H ‘oao dmXZ H m AZw^d XmoZm| g§JrVkm| Ho {cE {H VZm
^`mZH hmoJm& Sm.‘m¡BVam ‘oao {nVmOr H m BcmO H a aho Wo& lr‘mVmOr Zo
H hm {H CZHo hmW ‘| eμ\ m h¡& Sm.‘m¡BVam go ò OmZ-nhMmZ ~hþV gm‘rß`
~Z JB© Am¡a ~mX ‘o§ lr‘mVmOr Ho {cE ~hþV Cn`moJr ~Zr&
cw{Y`mZm {M{H Ëgm {dÚmc` go lr‘mVmOr Zo df© 1945 ‘| ‘Ü`dVu
{dkmZ narjm (Intermediate Science) CÎmrU© H s& CÝhm|Zo ~hþV AÀNo A§H
àmá {H E& do Š`m|{H {M{H Ëgm {dkmZ n‹T Zm MmhVr Wt Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo ^maV
df© Ho {^ÝZ {M{H Ëgm ‘hm{dÚmc`m| ‘| àdoe Ho {cE àmW©Zm nÌ ôOo& AÝ`
~hþV go àË`m{e`m| Ho gmW CÝh| ^r gmjmËH ma Ho {cE cmhm¡a Ho {M{H Ëgm
‘hm{dÚmc` ‘| ~wcm`m J`m& O~ VH dmo cmhm¡a nhþ±Mt V~ VH àYmZmMm`© N:
c‹S {H `m| H mo àdoe Ho {cE MwZ MwHo Wo& H m°coO ‘| Š`m|{H Ho dc N: hr Imcr
ñWmZ Wo Bg{cE CgZo lr‘mVmOr Ho àmW©ZmnÌ H mo AñdrH ma H a {X`m&
lr‘mVmOr Ho A§H Š`mo§{H àdoe H s JB© c‹S {H `m| go A{YH Wo, CÝh| cJm {H
CÝh| àdoe Z {X`m OmZm {~ëHw c AÝ`m` h¡& AV: j{Vny{V© Ho {cE CÝhm|Zo
àYmZmMm`© go gmjmËH ma H s àmW©Zm H s& Amaå^ ‘| Vmo àYmZmMm`© Zo CZHo
AZwamoY na Ü`mZ Z {X`m naÝVw {Og Omoe Ed§ gmhg go lr‘mVmOr Zo AnZm
nμj CgHo gm‘Zo aIm Cggo dh ~hþV à^m{dV hþAm& AMmZH CgZo nyN m {H
do H hm± go AmB© h¢& O~ CgZo gwZm {H do ZmJnwa go AmBª h¢ Am¡a lr.nr.Ho .gmëdo
H s nwÌr h¢ Vmo do nyar Vah go {~N JE& H hZo cJo {H do ^r ZmJnwa Ho h¢ Am¡a ‘oao
{nVmOr H m ~hþV gå‘mZ H aVo h¢& CÝhm|Zo ò ^r H hm {H Š`m|{H gmar grQ| â
MwH s Wt Bg{cE do {Z:ghm` Wo& naÝVw ò AmídmgZ {X`m {H à{dîQ {H E JE
àm{W©`m| ‘| go `{X H moB© {Z`V g‘` na Z Am`m Vmo do lr‘mVmOr H mo àdoe Xo
X|Jo& Eogm hþAm {H EH c‹S H s Zht AmB© Am¡a lr‘mVmOr H mo ~mcH am‘
‘¡{SH c H m°coO ‘| àdoe {‘c J`m& {Xgå~a 1945 ‘| lr‘mVmOr ZmJnwa
{H« g‘g H s Nw {Å`m| Ho {cE AmBª Am¡a MwZmdmonam§V g‘` ‘| {nVmOr H s
88
ghm`Vm H aZo Ho {cE Nw {Å`m| go Hw N {XZ A{YH éH JBª&
‘oao ‘mVm-{nVmOr ’ adar 1946 ‘| g§d¡Ym{ZH g^m Ho àW‘ gÌ ‘|
^mJ coZo Ho {cE {X„r JE& g^m ‘| O~ AmajU Ho ‘m‘co na ~hg hmoZo cJr
Vmo ‘oao {nVmOr Zo ~hg H s {H AmajU Am{W©H pñW{V Ho AmYma na hmoZm
Mm{hE Om{V Ho AmYma na Zht& naÝVw Sm.Aå~oS H a Zo ò H hH a g~H mo Sam
{X`m {H EH {XZ CÀM Om{V Ho cmoJ h‘ na à^wËd O‘m c|Jo&
{X„r ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr H mo Omo Ka Amd§{QV {H `m J`m Wm dh n§X«h
{’ amoOemh ‘mJ© Wm& ò Ka ~hþV {demc Wm& Bg‘| ~hþV go H ‘ao Am¡a Xmo
àm§JU Wo& gdm}n[a Bg Ka ‘| {~Ocr Wr& Bggo nyd© h‘mao am‘Xmg n¡R dmco Ka
‘| {~Ocr Z hþAm H aVr Wr& Qo{c’ moZ EH AÝ` AmH f©U Wm {Ogo CZ {XZm|
{dcm{gVm ‘mZm OmVm Wm& h‘mao nmg AJa {H gr MrμO H s H ‘r Wr Vmo dh
H ma H s Wr& {Xdmcr Ho g‘` O~ h‘mao ñHy c ~ÝX hþE Vmo ‘¢ AnZr ‘m± Ho
gmW {X„r Am`m&
‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘oao {nVmOr g§gX Ho AÝ` gXñ`m| O¡go lr
J§JmYa amd JmS{Jc, lr.‘mdc§H a (AÜ`j), lr.‘rZw ‘gmZr (gwà{gÕ
nwñVH 'Our India' Ho coIH ) Ho gmW n¡Xc g§gX Om`m H aVo Wo& Cg g‘`
Ho ~hþV go à{gÕ ZoVm n¡Xc McH a g§gX Om`m H aVo Wo Am¡a dh ^r {~Zm
{H gr gwajm à~ÝYm| Ho & O~ ‘¢ Cg g‘` Ho ^maVr` ZoVmAm| H s VwcZm AmO
Ho ^maV Ho ZoVmAm| go H aVm hÿ± Vmo ‘wPo ~hþV {df‘Vm {XImB© XoVr h¡& ‘oao
{nVmOr Ho g‘H mcrZ ZoVmAm| H s àmW{‘H Vm CZH s ñdmW©hrZVm VWm amîQ´
{hV Ho {cE g‘n©U Wm& do AË`ÝV gË`{ZîR Am¡a nyU©V: {ZûH Wo& naÝVw
AmO Ho ~hþV go amOZr{Vk Z Ho dc AmË‘gr{‘V VWm ñdmWu h¢ ~pëH
‘VXmVmAm| Ho gå‘wI dmo AnZr Hw N Am¡a N{d àñVwV H aVo h¢ O~{H dmñVd
‘| do AË`ÝV Eoíd`©‘` Am¡a gwInyU© OrdZ {~VmVo h¢& CZ‘| EH {deof JwU ^r
h¡ - dh h¡ ^«îQmMma& Š`mo§{H do gX¡d JcV cmoJm| H m nj coVo h¢ Bg{cE do
gX¡d ^`^rV ahVo h¢ Am¡a CÝh| gwajm H s ~hþV Amdí`H Vm hmoVr h¡&
cmhm¡a Am¡a {X„r H s Xyar ~hþV A{YH Z Wr& lr‘mVmOr H ^r-H ^r
gámhmÝV na `m Nw {Å`m| ‘o§ cmhm¡a go Am Om`m H aVo Wo& H ^r-H ^r ‘oao
‘mVmOr cmhm¡a Mco Om`m H aVo Wo& EH ~ma CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ^r AnZo gmW co
89
OmZo H s `moOZm ~ZmB© naÝVw ò H m`©H« ‘ g’ c Z hþAm Am¡a ‘¢ Z Om nm`m&
{X„r ‘| ‘oam RhaZm AË`ÝV C~mD hmoVm Wm Š`m|{H `hm± ‘oao H moB© {‘Ì Z Wo&
{’ a ^r ‘¢ {X„r ‘| ahZm ngÝX H aVm Wm Š`m|{H Bg àH ma ‘¢ ñHy c go ~M
gH Vm Wm& ZmJnwa ‘¢ EH AÝ` H maU go AmZm MmhVm Wm& EH {‘Ì Ho nÌ go
‘wPo nVm Mcm {H ‘wPo ñHy c H s H {ZîR {H« Ho Q Qr‘ Ho {cE MwZ {c`m J`m
Wm Am¡a AÝVnm©R emcm Ioc à{V`mo{JVm ~hþV erK« Amaå^ hmoZo dmcr Wr&
AV: n‹T mB© H s g‘ñ`m Ho ~mdOyX ^r ‘¢ ZmJnwa dm{ng Am J`m& Ioc
à{V`mo{JVm ‘| h‘mam nhcm ‘wH m~cm à{gÕ Hw édo Ý`y ‘m°S c hmB©ñHy c H s
Qr‘ go hþAm& ‘¢ hSmg hmB©ñHy b Ho {cE Ioc ahm Wm& ‘¢ Zht OmZVm {H
{H« Ho Q ‘| ‘oar `mo½`Vm `m BgHo A^md Ho H maU ‘¢ Vrg aZ Am¡a VrZ {dHo Q
co gH m {OgHo ’ cñdê n h‘mao ñHy c Zo VmH Vda à{VÛÝXr na {dO` àmá
H a cr& ‘oao Bg àXe©Z Zo ‘oao ‘Z ‘| AnZo {df` ‘| ~‹S o-~‹S o {dMma CËnÝZ
H a {XE Am¡a ‘¢ gmoMZo cJm {H ‘¢ AË`ÝV ‘hmZ {H« Ho Q pIcm‹S r ~ZZo dmcm
hÿ±& ñHy c ‘| ‘oar à{VîRm ~hþV ~‹T JB© Am¡a Ka H m H m‘ Z H aZo Ho H maU Omo
AÜ`mnH ‘wPo XpÊSV {H `m H aVo Wo do ^r A~ Z‘« hmo JE& naÝVw ò
ñdßZmdñWm A{YH Xoa VH Z Mcr Š`m|{H AJco hr ‘¡M ‘| ‘wPo H moB© ^r aZ
Z {‘cm, Ho dc EH {dHo Q {‘cm& O¡gr Amem H s Om gH Vr Wr, nyd©pñW{V
cm¡Q AmB© {Og‘| ‘oao AÜ`mnH m| H m H Rmoa ì`dhma ^r gpå‘{cV Wm&
‘¢ ñdrH ma H aVm hÿ± {H ‘¢ H ^r ^r ‘oKmdr NmÌ Z Wm, {H gr Vah go
AnZr narjm nmg H a {c`m H aVm Wm& {H« g‘g H s Nw {Å`m| ‘| ‘¢ {’ a {X„r
J`m& EH em‘ H mo Qo{c’ moZ H s KÊQr ~Or Am¡a Xygar Amoa go EH nVcr
AmdmμO Zo nyN m {H Š`m ‘oao ^mB© ZaoÝX« ({d»`mV Zm‘ nmocrZ) (Polean) Ka
na h¢& ‘¢Zo nyN m {H , "H m¡Z ~moc aho h¢?' Vmo Cg ì`pŠV Zo Cgr nVcr AmdmμO
‘| H hm {H , "MpÝÐH m ^mB© ~moc aho h¢&' nVcr AmdmμO Ho H maU CZHo "^mB©'
eãX H mo "~mB©' (‘{hcm) g‘Pm Am¡a ‘¢ Qo{c’ moZ MmoJo H mo THo {~Zm hr
{M„m`m, "nmocrZ ^¡`m, H moB© ‘{hcm AmnH mo ~wcm ahr h¡&' Xygar Amoa go
Qo{c’ moZ na VwaÝV ‘wPo BgH m {damoY gwZZo H mo {‘cm& AË`ÝV Rhar hþB©
AmdmμO ‘| dmo ‘wPo ~Vm aho Wo {H dmo "^mB©' h¢ "~mB©' Zht& ga
gr.nr.lrdmñVd, {OÝhm|Zo ~mX ‘| lr‘mVmOr go {ddmh {H `m, go ò ‘oar nhcr
90
~mVMrV Wr& Nã~rg df© H s AË`ÝV `wdm Am`w ‘| hr do ^maV gaH ma Ho
Aμ\ gam| Ho EH à{V{Z{Y ‘ÊSc Ho ZoVm Ho ê n ‘| pñdQμOac¡ÊS JE Am¡a
pñdQμOac¡ÊS H s ~μ\ s©cr hdmAm| Zo H mo‘c Jco na Aga {H `m {OgHo H maU
CZH s AmdmμO nVcr {ZH c ahr Wr& AJco {XZ EH ~hþV cå~m H Rmoa eŠb
dmcm ì`pŠV XadmOoμ na ZμOa Am`m Am¡a CgZo ~Vm`m {H dh "MpÝÐH m ^mB©'
h¢& CÝh| XoIVo hr CZ Ho à{V ‘oao AÝXa Aé{M OmJ CRr Š`m|{H Jå^ra Moham|
dmco cmoJ ‘wPo H ^r ngÝX Zht AmE& ‘¢ h¡amZ Wm {H ‘oam ^mB© Omo ñd`§ BVZm
V{~`VXma ì`pŠV Wm, {H g àH ma Eogo ì`pŠV go {‘ÌVm H a gH Vm h¡&
naÝVw ‘¢ BVZm NmoQ m Wm {H nyar epŠV go AnZm {ZU©` ^r Z Xo gH Vm Wm
Bg{cE ‘¢Zo AnZo {dMma ñd`§ VH hr gr{‘V aIo&
‘mM© 1947 ‘|, O~ ‘oar narjm g‘má hmoZo dmcr Wr, {X„r go ‘oar
‘mVmOr H m nÌ Am`m Omo CÝhm|Zo ‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© H mo {cIm Wm& Bg nÌ ‘| CÝhm|Zo
lr‘mVmOr Am¡a MpÝÐH m ^mB© Ho {ddmh H s KmofUm H s Wr& ‘¢Zo H ^r Z gmoMm
Wm {H MpÝÐH m ^mB© lr‘mVmOr Ho n{V ~Z|Jo& MpÝÐH m ^mB© go lr‘mVmOr Ho
{ddmh Ho {dMma go ‘wPo BVZm IoX hþAm {H ‘¢ amo n‹S m& dmñVd ‘| Bg {dMma go
{H lr‘mVmOr AnZm nyam OrdZ Bg C~mD ì`pŠV Ho gmW JwOma|Jr, ‘oar
Am±Im| go Am±gy PaZo cJo& na‘mË‘m H m cmI-cmI ewH« h¡ {H CZHo {df` ‘|
‘oar nhcr am` {~ëHw c JcV Wr& dmñVd ‘| ga gr.nr., O¡gm ào‘ go h‘
~wcmVo h¢, ‘| AWmh {dZmoX g§doXZm h¡& CZH s ~mø A{^ì`pŠV ‘ycV: {díd
â ‘| CZH s XâVaemhr H s Jå^raVm H m n[aUm‘ Wr& 7 Aà¡c 1947 H m
{XZ {ddmh Ho {cE {ZpíMV {H `m J`m Am¡a h‘| nyao gm‘mZ Ho gmW AmZo Ho
{cE H hm J`m& ½dm{cà go ‘oar ~hZ| ^r AmBª& {X„r ‘| gmao n[adma H m EH Ì
hmoZm AË`ÝV AmZÝXXm`r Wm&
‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© nhco hr emgn{ÌV (Chartered Accountant) ~ZZo Ho {cE
coIm-ghm`H H m H m`© H a aho Wo& AnZo {‘Ì {MÝZnm Ho gmW do ‘oao {nVmOr
Ho Ka ‘| EH H ‘ao ‘| ahVo Wo& ‘mM© Ho AÝV ‘| h‘ dhm± nhþ±Mo& nhcr Aà¡c H mo
lr‘mVmOr Zo g~H mo ~odHy μ\ ~ZmZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& àmV: dh OëXr CR JBª
Am¡a ^mB© VWm CgHo {‘Ì Ho gå‘wI KmofUm H s {H {dO` hμOmao (Cg g‘`
Ho {d»`mV {H« Ho Q pIcm‹S r) ~mha CZH s àVrjm H a aho h¢& CÝhm|Zo ò gmoMm
91
^r Z Wm {H lr‘mVmOr CÝh| Aà¡cμ\y c (April Fool) ~Zm ahr h¢& AYOJo d
MH mMm¢Y Am±Im| go do AnZo {~ñVam| go {ZH co Am¡a {dO` hμOmao H m ñdmJV
H aZo Am¡a Cgo Jco go cJmZo Ho {cE Xm¡‹S nSoμ & co{H Z Aà¡cμ\y c H hH a
CZH mo {M‹T mZo Ho {cE CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo dhm± ISoμ nm`m& AJcm {eH ma
~mcm gm{h~ Wo, {OZHo {‘Ì Zo nhcr Aà¡c H mo lr‘mVmOr Ho {ddmh ‘|
gpå‘{cV hmoZo Ho {cE {X„r AmZm Wm& CgH s Jm‹S r Xmonha Ho ~mX AmZr Wr
naÝVw O~ lr‘mVmOr Zo CgHo AmZo H s KmofUm H s Vmo ~mcm gm{h~ {~ëHw c
^r gÝXoh {H E {~Zm ~mha Am JE Am¡a Bg àH ma lr‘mVmOr g^r H mo
Aà¡cμ\y c ~ZmVr Mcr JBª& ~mcm gm{h~ Zo ‘wPo Am¡a e{e H mo ~odHy μ’ ~ZmZo
H s H mo{ee H s naÝVw dh lr‘mVmOr H s Vah go AÀNm H cmH ma Z Wm Am¡a
CgHo Mohao Ho ^md Cgo YmoIm Xo JE Am¡a Bg àH ma h‘ ~odHy μ’ ~ZZo go ~M
JE& BgHo níMmV² lr‘mVmOr Zo ga gr.nr. H mo Aà¡cμ\y c ~ZmZo H m {ZU©`
{H `m& CÝh| gyMZm ôOr JB© {H lr‘mVmOr ~r‘ma h¢ Am¡a do CÝh| XoIZo Ho {cE
AmE§& Hw N XyV ôOo JE naÝVw ga gr.nr. H mo eH hmo J`m Am¡a do Zht AmE&
AÝV ‘| ‘wPo ôOm J`m Š`m|{H ga gr.nr. Ohm± ah aho Wo dh ñWmZ h‘mao Ka
go ~hþV Xya Z Wm& ‘¢Zo AË`ÝV Jå^ra ‘w±h ~ZmH a CZHo g^r à«íZm| H m CÎma
{X`m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo AmídñV {H `m {H dmo ‘oao nrNo-nrNo Am aho h¢& `moOZm
Bg àH ma Wr {H Á`m| hr dmo AmE§Jo lr‘mVmOr H m±nVr hþB© H å~c cnoQ H a
gmo’o na coQ OmE§Jr Am¡a O~ ga gr.nr. CZH m Moham XoI|Jo Ho dc V^r Bg
~mV H m nVm McoJm {H CÝh| ~odHy μ’ ~Zm {X`m J`m h¡& AmYm KÊQm JwμOa J`m
naÝVw dmo Z AmE& AMmZH ~mcm gm{h~ Xm¡‹S Vo hþE AmE Am¡a H hZo cJo ga
gr.nr. Am aho h¢& lr‘mVmOr EH X‘ gmo’o na coQ JBª Am¡a H å~c go AnZm
Moham ‹T H {c`m& Á`m| hr CÝhm|Zo Eogm {H `m h‘ g~ {M„mE ""Aà¡cμ\y c&''
`Ú{n `h lr‘mVmOr Ho {cE H hm J`m Wm {’ a ^r CÝhm|Zo gmoMm {H h‘ `h
g~ ga gr.nr. H mo H h aho h¢& CÝhm|Zo Bg ~mV H m gÝXoh Z {H `m Wm {H ~mcm
gm{h~, Omo {H h‘ g~go A{YH A~moY Wo, CZHo gmW Eogr eamaV H a
gH Vo Wo& O~ CÝhm|Zo XoIm {H ga gr.nr. Zht AmE Wo Vmo do AnZo Aà¡cμ\y c
~ZmE OmZo na Iy~ h±gt& AMmZH em‘ H mo ga gr.nr. Am JE Am¡a lr‘mVmOr
H mo nyar Vah go ñdñW XoIH a h±gZo cJo& CÝhm|Zo H hm CÝh| ‘yI© ~ZmZm BVZm
AmgmZ Zht h¡& n[adma ‘| h‘ Bg àH ma H m h±gr ‘μOmH {H `m H aVo Wo&
92
`mo½` A{ddm{hV `wdH Ho ê n ‘| H m`ñW Om{V ‘| ga gr.nr. gmh~ H m
‘yë` ~hþV D ±Mm Wm& amîQ´ n{V lr.amOoÝX« àgmX Omo {H ‘oao {nVmOr Ho ~hþV
AÀNo {‘Ì Wo, H mo ~hþV go nÌ ôOo JE& CÝhm|Zo CÎma àXoe Ho H m`ñWm| H mo
~Vm`m {H nr.Ho .gmëdo CZHo ~hþV AÀNo {‘Ì h¢ Am¡a do gmëdo gmh~ Am¡a
CZH s nwÌr H m ~hþV gå‘mZ H aVo h¢& Bg àH ma amîQ´ n{V Zo Bg nmdZ {ddmh
‘| XIc§XmOr H aZo go BÝH ma H a {X`m& 7 Aà¡c H mo emXr go nyd© hëXr H s
añ‘ hþB©& g~ cmoJm| Zo ~hþV AmZ§X {c`m& `h {ddmh Š`m|{H AXmcV ‘| hmoZm
Wm Bg{cE {hÝXy e¡cr ‘| `m B©gmB© e¡cr ‘| H moB© ^r añ‘| Z hmoZr Wt& ‘wPo `mX
h¡ {H ga gr.nr. aoe‘ H m gyQ nhZo hþE Wo Am¡a lr‘mVmOr Zo μOar Ho H m‘
dmcr cmc a§J H s gm‹S r nhZr hþB© Wr& ‘¢Zo em°Q ©g² Am¡a hmW H s ~wZr ImXr H m
Xmohar Vh H m (Double Breast) H moQ nhZm Wm& Ka Ho ~JrMo ‘| gwÝXa
em{‘`mZm cJm`m J`m Wm& ‘wPo ò ^r `mX h¡ {H MmoQ r Ho amîQ´ r` ZoVm Am¡a
A{YH Va gm§gX {ddmh ‘| gpå‘{cV hþE Am¡a da-dYy H mo Amerdm©X {X`m&
àmoo.Om°Z ‘WmB©, Omo {H VËH mcrZ {dÎm‘§Ìr Am¡a ‘oao {nVmOr Ho ~hþV AÀNo
XmoñV Wo, Zo da-dYy H s gcm‘Vr H m Om‘ nrZo H m àñVmd aIm& CÎma ‘| ga
gr.nr. Zo H hm {H npíM‘ ‘| cmoJ nhco ào‘ H aVo h¢ {’ a {ddmh H aVo h¢ Am¡a
{ddmh Ho níMmV² ào‘ H mo ^yc OmVo h¢& nyd© ‘| cmoJ nhco {ddmh H aVo h¢ Am¡a
{ddmh Ho níMmV² ào‘ H aVo h¢& naÝVw Ohm± VH CZH m gå~ÝY h¡ do ào‘ H aVo
h¢ Am¡a AnZr ào{‘H m go {ddmh H a aho h¢ VWm {ddmh Ho níMmV² ^r do ào‘
H aVo ah|Jo& CZHo Bg CÎma na g^r cmoJm| Zo ~hþV Vm{c`m± ~OmB© naÝVw
lr‘mVmOr c‚mm go cmc hmo JBª& ‘oao {nVmOr `Ú{n Ho ÝX«r` {dYmZg^m ‘| CZ
{XZm| Ho amOZr{VH cmoJm| ‘| go AHo co B©gmB© gXñ` Wo {’ a ^r Bg Adga na
BVZr ~‹S r g§»`m ‘| amîQ´ r` ZoVmAm| H s CnpñW{V ‘oao {nVmOr H s à{VîRm
VWm CZH s à{g{Õ H m à‘mU Wr& CËgd Š`m|{H em‘ Ho g‘` ‘Zm`m J`m
Wm Bg{cE ‘oh‘mZm| H mo ZmíVm Am¡a Z‘H sZ noe {H `m J`m& emÝVm~mB© Zo EH
emñÌr` amJ àñVwV {H `m {OgH s g^r CnpñWV cmoJm| Zo gamhZm H s&
93
AÜ`m`-5
1947 go 1955
amï´ H m OÝ‘
{ddmh Ho níMmV² Hw N {XZ lr‘mVmOr h‘mao gmW éH s¨ Am¡a CgHo

níMmV² ZE {Zdmg ñWmZ na Mcr JBª& ò {ZU©` {H `m J`m {H ‘wPo ^r ZE
{ejm df© 1947-48 Ho {cE ½dm{cà Mcm OmZm Mm{hE& AV: h‘mam
ZmJnwa H m Ka ì`dhm[aH ê n go ~ÝX H a {X`m J`m& dhm± na Ho dc ~mcm
gm{h~, g¡Zr ^¡`m Am¡a gwerc Ho A{V[aŠV H moB© Z Wm& ½dm{cà ‘| ‘wPo
OZH J§J ‘mÜ`{‘H ñHy c ‘| AmRdt H jm ‘| àdoe {Xcm`m J`m& BgH m lo`
‘oar ‘mVmOr Am¡a CZHo à^mdemcr ì`pŠVËd H mo OmVm h¡& ½dm{cà
‘mÜ`{‘H ñHy c ‘| ~moS© H s narjm hmoVr Wr&
½dm{cà ‘| h‘ cmoJ lr.‘cJm§dH a Ho Ka Ho ~mhar {hñgo ‘| ahZo cJo&
emÝVm ~mB© AÜ`mnZ H aVr Wt Am¡a e{e, BÝXw Am¡a ‘¢ ñHy c OmVo Wo& BÝXw
‘¡{Q´ H ‘| n‹T ahr Wr Am¡a e{e Cggo EH Xmo H jmE§ nrNo Wr VWm ‘¢ O¡gm
nhco ~Vm`m h¡ AmRdr H jm H s ~moS© H s narjm Xo ahm Wm& ‘oao Xmo ^m§Oo Wo
(~‹S r ~hZ Ho Xmo ~oQ o) dmo ^r ½dm{cà ‘| n‹T aho Wo& O~ ‘¢ ½dm{cà ‘| Wm V~
Hw N ‘hËdnyU© KQZmE§ KQr&
14 AJñV ‘Ü` am{Ì H mo ^maV ñdV§Ì hþAm& ‘oao {nVmOr, Omo {H
Ho ÝX«r` {dYmZg^m Ho {cE MwZo JE Wo, A§J«oOr hþHw ‘V Ho ^maV gaH ma H mo
hñVm§VaU g‘mamoh ‘| ^mJ coZo Ho {cE JE& VrZ gm¡ dfm] H s XmgVm H m AÝV
hmoZm Wm&
Sm.amOoÝX« àgmX ñdV§Ì ^maV H s g§{dYmZ g^m Ho AÜ`j Wo Am¡a
Odmha cmc Zohé àYmZ‘§Ìr& do ‘§Ìmc` Ho gXñ`m| Ho gmW nmdZ A{¾, Omo
{H d¡{XH ar{V AZwgma à‚md{cV H s JB© Wr, Ho BX©-{JX© Ky‘o& nwOmar
‘§ÌmoÀMmaU Ûmam {ÌXodm| H s ñVw{V H a aho Wo& ‘¢ gmoMVm hÿ± àVrH mË‘H ê n go
do cmoJ Am{X epŠV, Omo {H {ÌJwUmpË‘H m h¢, {H ñVw{V H a aho Wo& RrH ‘Ü`
am{Ì Ho g‘` n§{SV Odmhacmc Zohé Zo amîQ´ H mo gå~mo{YV {H `m& CÝhm|Zo
94
H hm {H amîQ´ H mo ^m½` Ho gmW ào‘ ^|Q H m Adga àmá hþAm h¡ Am¡a {Z`V
(Destined) CncpãY`m± àmá H aZo H m Adga Am J`m h¡& nyam amîQ´ C„{gV
Wm Am¡a h‘| Bg ~mV na Jd© Wm {H ‘oao {nVmOr, {OÝhm|Zo AnZm g~Hw N
~{cXmZ H a {X`m Wm, gmjmV² Bg CËgd Ho gmjr Wo&
AJco {XZ BpÊS`m JoQ na EH {demc Ocyg H m Am`moOZ {H `m J`m
{Og‘| ñdV§Ì ^maV Ho JdZ©a OZac cmS© ‘mD §Q ~¡Q Z Am¡a n§{SV Odmha
cmc Zohé Zo Kmo‹S m| na gdma hmoH a, dhm± AmH a ~Vm©Zdr PÊSo H mo CVmaH a
CgHo ñWmZ na ^maVr` amîQ´ r` H m§J«og Ho ÜdO H m AmamohU H aZm Wm&
naÝVw ^r‹S BVZr A{YH Wr {H n§{SV Zohé Am¡a cmS© ‘mD §Q ~¡Q Z Ho {cE
Kmo‹S m| na M‹T H a AmZm Agå^d Wm& ‘oao {nVmOr H mo VWm gr.nr. Am¡a
lr‘mVmOr H mo dhm± ~ZmE JE EH AhmVo ‘| ~¡R Zo Ho {cE Am‘§{ÌV {H `m J`m
Wm& naÝVw ~mH s Ho h‘ g^r cmoJ Am‘ OZVm Wo Am¡a h‘| Cg ^r‹S ‘| AnZm
ñWmZ ImoOZm n‹S m& ^r‹S H s g§»`m Xg cmI go ^r D na hmoJr, naÝVw ‘oar
‘mVmOr ^r‹S go {~ëHw c ^r Zht K~amBª& CÝhm|Zo ‘oam hmW nH ‹S m Am¡a ‘wPo
Cg ñWmZ VH ItMVo hþE co JB© Ohm± na ~Vm©Zdr PÊSo H mo CVmaH a amîQ´ r`
ÜdOmamohU {H `m OmZm Wm& Á`m|hr n§{SV Zohé Am¡a ‘mD §Q ~¡Q Z dhm± nhþ±Mo,
^r‹S ‘oao gm‘Zo EH X‘ C‘‹S n‹S r Am¡a ‘oar JX©Z cmoJm| Ho Xmo H§ Ym| Ho ~rM ‘|
’§ g JB© Am¡a ‘¢ hdm ‘| cQH H a ghm`Vm Ho {cE {M„mZo cJm& ‘wPo cJm HwN
hr jUm| ‘| ‘oar OmZ {ZH c OmEJr Š`m|{H ‘oam gm§g KwQ ahm Wm& AMmZH EH
hmW ~‹T m Am¡a ‘oar JX©Z H mo X~mZo dmco XmoZm| H§ Ym| H mo Xya YHo c {X`m& Bg
j{UH ghm`Vm go ‘¢ n¥Ïdr na I‹S m hmo J`m Am¡a ídmg co gH m `Ú{n Cg‘|
‘wPo ~hþV H {RZmB© hþB©& ghm`Vm Ho {cE ~‹T m hþAm hmW {H gr Am¡a H m Z
hmoH a ‘oar AnZr ‘m± H m Wm& dhm± na ‘wPo Bg ~mV H m Ehgmg hþAm {H
Amdí`H Vm n‹S Zo na EH ‘m± {H VZr epŠV AnZo A§Xa OwQ m gH Vr h¡! ^r‹S
‘| nwZ: ’§ g OmZo Ho ^` go ‘¢ Am¡a ‘oar ‘m± ~Vm©Zdr PÊSo H mo CVmaH a {Va§Jo
PÊSo H mo ’ hamE OmZo H s añ‘ H mo {~ëHw c Z XoI gHo & h‘ dm{ng McZo cJo
Am¡a O~ VH EH gwa{jV ñWmZ na Z nhþ±M JE McVo hr JE& Adga AË`ÝV
AmZ§XXm`r Wm Am¡a erK« hr ‘¢ AnZo gmW KQr KQZm H mo ^yc J`m& AË`ÝV
Jd©nyd©H ‘¢ ½dm{cà cm¡Q m& ‘oao ‘Z ‘| Jd© ^md Wm {H ‘¢ ^r ~Vm©Zdr PÊSo H mo
95
CVaVo hþE Am¡a {Va§Jo H mo M‹T mE OmVo hþE XoIZo Ho {cE dhm± CnpñWV Wm&
ñdV§ÌVm Ho gmW hr OmVr` qhgm ^‹S H CRr& ~¡[añQa ‘mohå‘X Acr
{OÝZm Ho X~md ‘| nm{H ñVmZ H m g¥OZ hþAm Am¡a CÝhm|Zo AnZr ñdV§ÌVm H m
CËgd 13 AJñV 1947 H s ‘Ü` am{Ì H mo ‘Zm`m& BgHo Vwa§V níMmV²
nm{H ñVmZ Ho ‘wgc‘mZm| Zo dhm± ahZo dmco {hÝXwAm| H mo ‘maZm Am¡a dhm± go
IXo‹S Zm ewé H a {X`m& ~Xco ‘| ^maV Ho {hÝXwAm| Zo ^r ^maVr` ‘wgc‘mZm|
H s hË`m H aZr ewê H a Xr&
1947 Ho OmVr` X§Jm| go gå~pÝYV EH H hmZr h¡ Omo lr‘mVmOr Ho
cmoJm| Ho à{V ào‘ Am¡a CXmaVm H mo Xem©Vr h¡& {ddmh Ho VwaÝV níMmV²
lr‘mVmOr Am¡a ga gr.nr. {X„r ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Ho ~§Jco ‘| hr ahVo Wo& EH
em‘ O~ ga gr.nr. AnZo XâVa JE hþE Wo Am¡a ‘oao ^mB© EZ.Ho .nr. {H gr
coIm narjU (Audit) Ho {cE JE hþE Wo, {H gr Zo Ka H m XadmμOm IQ-
IQm`m& lr‘mVmOr Zo O~ XadmμOm Imocm Vmo EH ‘{hcm Am¡a Xmo nwéfm| H mo
dhm± I‹S m hþAm nm`m& do cmoJ AË`ÝV Sao VWm K~amE hþE Wo& CÝhm|Zo
lr‘mVmOr H mo ~Vm`m {H do nm{H ñVmZ go AmE hþE eaUmWu h¢ Am¡a CZ‘| go
EH Š`m|{H ‘wgc‘mZ h¡ Bg{cE `hm± Ho {hÝXy cmoJ Vcdma| {ZH mcH a hË`m
H aZo Ho {cE CZH m nrNm H a aho h¢& {~Zm EH jU H s {hM{H MmhQ Ho
lr‘mVmOr CÝh| A§Xa co JBª Amoa EH H ‘ao ‘| {Nnm {X`m& Hw N Xoa níMmV²
hmWm| ‘| Vcdma| {cE Hw N cmoJ dhm± AmE Am¡a H hZo cJo {H Bg Ka ‘| EH
‘wgc‘mZ {Nnm hþAm h¡& lr‘mVmOr Zo gm’ -gm’ BÝH ma H a {X`m Am¡a PyR
~mocVo hþE CZgo H hm {H do ñd`§ H Åa {hÝXy h¢, {H g àH ma do {H gr
‘wgc‘mZ H mo AnZo `hm± eaU Xo gH Vr h¢& hmWm| ‘| Vcdma| nH ‹S o hþE cmoJm| H mo
nhco Vmo CZ na {~ëHw c {dídmg Z hþAm& {ddm{hVm {hÝXy ‘{hcmAm| Ho ‘mWo
na àVrH Ho ê n ‘| cJr hþB© ~‹S r gr {~ÝXr H mo O~ CÝhm|Zo XoIm Vmo CÝh|
{dídmg hmo J`m {H do {hÝXy h¢&
VrZm| {Nno hþE ì`pŠV lr‘mVmOr Ho à{V AË`ÝV H¥ Vk Wo& lr‘mVmOr
Zo CÝh| V~ VH dhm± ahZo Ho {cE H hm O~ VH ~mha OmH a do nyU©V: gwa{jV
Z hm|& em‘ H mo O~ ga gr.nr. Am¡a nmocoZ ^¡`m cm¡Q o Vmo CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo
AOZ~r cmoJm| H mo AnZo Ka eaU XoZo Ho {cE MoVmdZr Xr, {deof ê n go Eogo
96
g‘` na O~{H OmVr` X§Jo ^‹S Ho hþE Wo& lr‘mVmOr Zo H hm {H ‘Zwî`m| H s
nhMmZ CÝh| H ht ~ohVa h¡ Am¡a Omo Hw N ^r CÝhm|Zo {H `m h¡ dmo CÝhm|Zo
{~ëHw c RrH {H `m h¡ VWm ò Ka Š`m|{H CZHo {nVm H m h¡ AV¡d CÝh| {ZU©`
H aZo H m nyU© A{YH ma h¡ {H Bg‘| H m¡Z ì`pŠV RhaoJm Am¡a H m¡Z Zht&
VrZ ì`pŠV`m| ‘| go EH ‘wgc‘mZ Wm Am¡a ~mH s XmoZm| nm{H ñVmZ go
Xm¡‹S o hþE {hÝXy Wo& ~mX ‘| O¡gm K{QV hþAm, {hÝXy ‘{hcm Am¡a nwéf ^maVr`
{’ ë‘ CÚmoJ Ho à{gÕ H cmH ma ~Z JE& ‘{hcm H m Zm‘ AMcm gMXod h¡
Am¡a nwéf H m Zm‘ ~camO gmhZr& {hÝXr {’ ë‘m| H mo OmZZo dmco cmoJm| H mo
{’ ë‘ CÚmoJ ‘| CZHo `moJXmZ H m nyam kmZ h¡& Vrgam ‘wgc‘mZ g‚mZ ^r
~mX ‘| {’ ë‘ CÚmoJ ‘| Am J`m Cg Zm‘ gm{ha cwÜ`mZdr h¡& AmO CÝh| Xoe
Ho gdm}Îm‘ CXy© H {d`m| ‘| ‘mZm OmVm h¡& lr‘mVmOr Zo gm‘{`H ghm`Vm
H aHo `{X CÝh| Z ~Mm`m hmoVm Vmo ò cmoJ {hÝXr {’ ë‘ OJV H mo Z {‘c nmVo&
~hþV df© CnamÝV O~ lr‘mVmOr ~å~B© ‘| Wt Vmo CÝh| `wdm g§K g§ñWm H m
AÜ`j MwZm J`m& `h `wdm g§K ^maV ‘| g§ñH¥ {V H mo ~MmZo VWm n[ad{V©V
H aZo Ho {df` na Mc{MÌ ~ZmZm MmhVm Wm& ò cmoJ AMcm gMXod H mo ‘m±
H s ^y{‘H m XoZm MmhVo Wo naÝVw CgZo Bg ^y{‘H m Ho {cE ~hþV ~‹S r H s‘V
‘m§Jr& {’ ë‘ Ho {Z‘m©Vm lr‘mVmOr Ho nmg AmE naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Zo CZgo
H hm {H do lr‘Vr gMXod H mo CZHo {df` ‘| Hw N ^r Z ~VmE§& {Z‘m©Vm Zo
AË`ÝV H {RZmB© Ho gmW AMcm gMXod H s ‘m±Jm| H mo ñdrH ma H a {c`m& ~mX
‘| {’ ë‘ Ho ‘whÿV© Ho g‘` AMcm gMXod Zo O~ lr‘mVmOr H mo dhm± XoIm Vmo
CgH s Am±Im| go AlwYmam ~h {ZH cr Am¡a Xm¡‹S H a dh lr‘mVmOr Ho Jco cJ
JBª& Bggo g^r Xe©H AmíM`©M{H V hmo JE& BZ Xe©H m| ‘| {’ ë‘ Ho {Z‘m©Vm
^r Wo& do h¡amZ Wo {H A{^ZoÌr H mo Š`m hmo J`m h¡! CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr go nyN m&
A{^ZoÌr Ho Am±gwAm| Ho nrNo {Nnr H hmZr Ho ~VmE OmZo na Cgo Omo naoemZr
hmoVr CgH mo Ü`mZ ‘| aIVo hþE lr‘mVmOr Zo `h H hH a Cg àíZ H mo Kw‘m
{X`m {H `h EH nwamZr H hmZr h¡ (Eogm h¡ lr‘mVmOr H m M[aÌ, g^r H s
^mdZmAm| H m gå‘mZ H aZm)& AMcm gMXod Zo ñd`§ g~ cmoJm| H mo ~Vm`m {H
lr‘mVmOr hr dh ’ [aíVm Wt {OgZo CZH m OrdZ ~Mm`m& CgZo AnZo n{V
VWm H {d gm{ha cwÜ`mZdr H mo ’ moZ {H `m& do cmoJ Xm¡‹S o hþE dhm± AmE Am¡a
97
lr‘mVmOr Ho MaU ñne© {H E& AlwnyU© Am±Im| go CÝhm|Zo nyN m, "BVZo g‘`
VH Amn H hm± Imo JB© Wt'?
22 {Xgå~a 1947 H mo ½dm{cà Ho {dŠQmo[a`m ‘¡‘mo[a`c AñnVmc
‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo AnZo àW‘ {eew H mo OÝ‘ {X`m& àgy{V Ho {XZm| ‘| ‘oar ‘m±
CZHo gmW aht& Hw N {XZm| níMmV² ga gr.nr. ½dm{cà AmE& CÝh| EH nwÌr
H m {nVm ~Z OmZo H s gyMZm XoZo dmcm ‘¢ àW‘ ì`pŠV Wm& {eew H m OÝ‘
gm‘mÝ` ê n go hþAm Wm Bg{cE AnZr gwÝXa Am¡a ß`mar gr ~ÀMr Ho gmW
lr‘mVmOr Xg {XZm| Ho ~mX Ka cm¡Q AmBª& ~ÀMr H mo CÝhm|Zo H ënZm Zm‘
{X`m&
AJco df© ‘| EH ^`mZH KQZm Zo nyao amîQ´ H mo {hcm {X`m& 30 OZdar
1948 Ho {XZ {X„r Ho {~‹S cm ^dZ àmW©Zm Ho {cE OmVo hþE ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H s
hË`m H a Xr JB©& lr‘mVmOr CZ {XZm| 22 aËZXmZ ‘mJ© na ahVr Wt Am¡a
CZH m Ka {~‹S cm ^dZ Ho g‘rn hmoZo Ho H maU CÝhm|Zo Jmocr McZo H s VrZ
AmdmO| gwZt& ½dm{cà ‘| h‘mao Ka na Hw N ‘oh‘mZ AmE hþE Wo Am¡a ‘¢ CZHo
{cE ~mμOma go {‘RmB©`m± coZo Ho {cE J`m hþAm Wm& ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H s hË`m H m
g‘mMma nyao amîQ´ ‘| XmdmZc H s Vah go ’¡ b J`m Am¡a Hw N hr jUm| ‘|
XwH mZXmam| Zo AnZr XwH mZo ~§X H a Xt& `h g~ BVZr VoOr go hmoVm hþAm
XoIH a ‘¢ ^m¡MŠH m ah J`m& ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H `h g~ OmVr` X§Jm| Ho H maU hþAm
hmoJm& ‘¢ O~ Ka nhþ±Mm Vmo `h g‘mMma ‘oar ‘m± VWm ~hZm| VH nhþ±M MwH m Wm&
g‘mMma gwZH a ‘wPo gX‘m nhþ±Mm {OgHo H maU hmW H m {‘RmB© H m {Sã~m {Ja
J`m& AnZr ‘m± H s Am±Im| go ~hVo hþE Am±gw Am¡a CZH m Iwcm hþAm ‘w±h,
{Oggo CZH s ì`mHw cVm Am¡a g‘mMma na A{dídmg NcH ahm Wm, ‘wPo
ñnîQ `mX h¡& Hw N hr jUm| ‘| àYmZ‘§Ìr n§{SV Odmha cmc Zohê Zo amîQ´ H mo
gå~mo{YV {H `m& KmofUm H s JB© {H AJco {XZ Xmonha níMmV² g§ñH ma {H `m
OmEJm& ‘oar ‘m± A§{V‘ g§ñH ma ‘| ^mJ coZo Ho {cE {X„r OmZm MmhVr Wt
naÝVw {X„r OmZo dmco cmoJ nmJcm| H s Vah go C‘‹S n‹S o Wo& ZmJnwa ‘| ‘oao
{nVmOr ^r Bgr H maU go aocJm‹S r na Z M‹T gHo Wo& erK« hr nVm Mcm {H
ZWyam‘ JmoS go Zm‘H EH ~«m÷U Zo ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H mo Jmocr ‘mar Wr Am¡a
CZH s hË`m H aZo H s `moOZm ½dm{cà ‘| ~Zr Wr& ½dm{cà ‘| nhco go hr
98
OmVr` VZmd Wm& h‘ g~ ao{S`mo go {MnHo hþE ~¡R o Wo Am¡a Cg g‘` ZtX Am¡a
^moOZ H m h‘| H moB© Ü`mZ Z Wm& ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Ho A§{V‘ g§ñH ma Ho Owcyg ‘|
cmIm| cmoJm| Zo ^mJ {c`m& MÝXZ H s cH ‹S r go CZH s {MVm ~ZmB© JB© Wr&
{MVm ‘| O~ A{¾ à‚d{cV H s JB© Vmo h‘| `mX Am`m {H h‘Zo Mm¡~rg KÊQm|
go ^r A{YH g‘` go Hw N Zht Im`m Wm Am¡a dmñVd ‘| nyar amV gmoE ^r Z
Wo& cJ^J VrZ {XZm| níMmV² ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Ho eara H s amI H mo ½dm{cà
cm`m J`m Am¡a ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H amI Ho H be H mo coH a McZo dmco aW Ho nrNo
EH {demc Owcyg {ZH mcm J`m& g~go ~‹S m Xw:I Bg ~mV H m Wm {H ‘hmË‘m
Jm±Yr H s hË`m ‘hmamîQ´ Ho ZWyam‘ JmoS go Zm‘H H Åa ~«m÷U Zo H a Xr Wr&
ga gr.nr. Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H {H g àH ma ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H s ‘¥Ë`w go EH {XZ
nyd© lr‘mVmOr CZgo {‘cr Wt Am¡a {H g àH ma CÝhm|Zo CZH s ZÝht ~oQ r H mo
JmoXr ‘| CRmH a H hm Wm, "" Zonmcr Vw‘ ‘m± ~Z JB© hmo naÝVw AmO ^r Vw‘ d¡gr
H s d¡gr {XImB© n‹S Vr hmo& H ~ Vw‘ AnZm AmÜ`mpË‘H H m`© Amaå^ H a ahr
hmo? A~ h‘ ñdV§Ì h¢ Am¡a Omo ^r Vw‘ H aZm MmhVr Wr dmo A~ Amaå^ H a
XoZm Mm{hE&''
amîQ´ A^r VH Bg gX‘| go C~am ^r Z Wm {H OmVr` X§Jo Amaå^ hmo
JE& ~«m÷U Om{V Ho cmoJm| H s hË`m H s Om ahr Wr& h‘ ^r ~«m÷U joÌ ‘| ahVo
Wo& dhm± VZmd ~hþV Omoam| na Wm Am¡a Hw N g‘` Ho {cE g^r ñHy c Am¡a
H m°coO ~ÝX H a {XE JE Wo& ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H s ‘¥Ë`w Ho n[aUm‘ñdê n ~hþV go
J¡a ~«m÷Um| Zo ~«m÷Um| H mo ‘ma XoZo H s Y‘H s Xr Wr& {H gr Vah go ‘oao {nVmOr
Zo hñVjon {H `m Am¡a H hm {H Bg Vah H m H moB© ^r H m`© H aZm CZ CÔoí`m|
Ho à{V {dídmgKmV hmoJm {OZHo {cE ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr OrdZ n`©ÝV g§Kf© H aVo
aho Am¡a {OÝh| CÝhm|Zo ào‘ {H `m&
~¡[añQa ‘mohå‘X Acr {OÝZm Ho X~md ‘| nm{H ñVmZ Ho g¥OZ Ho g‘`
O~ 1947 ‘| Xoe H m {d^mOZ hþAm Wm, amîQ´ Zo OmVr` X§Jo XoIo Wo& CgHo
níMmV² nm{H ñVmZ joÌ ‘| ~go hþE {hÝXwAm| H s ‘wgc‘mZm| Zo hË`m ewé H a Xr&
^maVr` {hÝXwAm| Zo ^r ~Xco H s ^mdZm go ^maV Ho ‘wgc‘mZm| H s hË`m
Amaå^ H a Xr& nm{H ñVmZ ‘| {hÝXwAm| H m H ËcoAm‘ hmoZo Ho H maU {hÝXy cmoJ
dhm± na AnZo Kam| H mo Nmo‹S -Nmo‹S H a eaUm{W©`m| Ho ê n ‘| ~hþV ~‹S r g§»`m ‘|
99
^maV AmZo cJo& Eogo eaUm{W©`m| H s g§»`m cmIm| ‘| Wr& 1947 Ho OmVr`
X§Jm| ‘| KQr EH KQZm H s {XcMñn H hmZr ‘wPo `mX h¡&
AJñV Ho AÝV `m {gVå~a Ho Amaå^ ‘| ‘oar ‘m± EH ‘wgc‘mZ ajH
Ho gmW ‘¡ha go {X„r `mÌm H a ahr Wt CÝh| OmVr` X§Jm| H m kmZ Wm naÝVw
{X„r ‘| X§Jm| H s Jå^raVm go do ~oI~a Wt& gå^dV: `h X¡dr hñVjon hmo,
naÝVw CZH s aocJm‹S r {X„r ñQoeZ Z nhþ±M nmB© Š`m|{H {X„r nhþ±MZo go nyd©
aoc H mo `‘wZm ZXr H m nwc nma H aZm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ZXr H m nmZr nwc Ho D na
go ~h ahm Wm& {OVZr ~ma ^r aoc Ho MmcH Zo nwc H mo nma H aZo H m à`ËZ
{H `m Cgo dm{ng AmZm n‹S m& {X„r nhþ±MZo H m Š`m|{H H moB© ‘mJ© Z Wm Bg{cE
aocJm‹S r {nNco ñQoeZ na cm¡Q AmB© Am¡a {’ a AmJam cm¡Q JB©& AmJam Ho
amñVo na qhgm ^‹S H CRr& `Ú{n ‘oao ‘mVmOr Jm‹S r Ho {Sã~o ‘| Wo {’ a ^r CÝh|
‘wgc‘mZm| H s MrI| gwZmB© Xo aht Wt Š`m|{H CÝh| Vcdmam| go H mQm Om ahm
Wm& ‘oao ‘mVmOr Ho A§JajH H m Zm‘ lr.A‘rZ Wm& ò gmoMH a {H Cgna ^r
AmH« ‘U hmo gH Vm h¡ ‘oar ‘m± Zo CgH m Zm‘ ~XcH a Cgo A‘a ~wcmZm ewé
H a {X`m&
Jm‹S r O~ AmJam nhþ±Mr Vmo {X„r OmZo Ho BamXo go ‘oao ‘mVmOr aocJm‹S r go
CVao& naÝVw Jm{‹S `m| ‘| AWmh ^r‹S Wr& AÝVV: CÝh| ½dm{cà dm{ng AmZm
n‹S m& ½dm{cà AmZm d¡gm hr Wm O¡go AmH me go {Jao IOya ‘| AQHo , Š`m|{H
½dm{cà H s pñW{V ^r AÝ` ñWmZm| H s Vah go ^`mZH Wr& AË`ÝV
H {RZmB© Ho gmW Am¡a AnZo ‘m{cH ‘H mZ lr.‘cJm§dH a Am¡a ‘oao OrOmOr
H s ghm`Vm go h‘ CÝh| A‘rZ C’© A‘a Ho gmW hdmB©OhmμO Ûmam {X„r ôO
nmE& {X„r nhþ±M H a O~ VH CÝhm|Zo AnZo gwa{jV nhþ±MZo H s Qo{c’ moZ Ûmam
gyMZm Z Xo Xr h‘ g~ AË`ÝV VZmdJ«ñV aho&
‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H s ‘¥Ë`w Ho níMmV² O~ ñHy c Iwco Vmo dm{f©H narjmE§
~hþV g‘rn Wt, Bg{cE ‘¢ ^r AnZr n‹T mB© ‘| OwQ J`m& EH ~mV H m dU©Z
H aZm ‘¢ ^yc J`m Wm {H lr‘mVmOr àgy{V Ho {XZm| ‘| O~ h‘mao gmW éH s hþB©
Wt Vmo dmo ‘wPo ^m¡{VH {dkmZ n‹T mVr Wt& CZH s n‹T mZo H s e¡cr BVZr ñnîQ
Ed§ à^mdemcr Wr {H AmO ^r ‘¢ CZH s ~VmB© hþB© Cg e¡cr H mo Ajae: ~Vm
gH Vm hÿ±& EH MrμO Omo CÝhm|Zo n‹T mB© Wr, Am¡a ‘wPo ñnîQ `mX h¡, dh Wr nmao
100
Ho JwU VWm W‘m©‘rQa ‘| CgH s Cn`mo{JVm& ‘B© 1948 ‘| ‘oar ~moS© narjmAm|
Ho n[aUm‘ Kmo{fV hþE Am¡a ‘wPo g’ c Kmo{fV {H `m J`m& ‘¢Zo ZmJnwa Ho
nQdY©Z hmB© ñHy c ‘| àdoe Ho {cE àmW©Zm nÌ {X`m& `h ñHy c AË`ÝV Cƒ
ñVa H m ‘mZm OmVm Wm& Bg ñHy c ‘| ‘wPo àdoe àmá hmoZo H m EH H maU `h
^r Wm {H H {ZîR {H« Ho Q Qr‘ ‘| ‘¢Zo AnZo ñHy c H m à{V{Z{YËd {H `m Wm&
1948 go 1952 VH H m g‘` ‘oao {cE H moB© ‘hËdnyU© Zht Wm {gdm`
BgHo {H ‘¢ RÊS Am¡a QmB’ mBS Ho H maU ~r‘ma n‹S J`m Am¡a ‘¡{Q´ H H s
narjm nmg Z H a nm`m& n[aUm‘V: Cgr H jm ‘| ‘wPo Xmo~mam n‹T Zm n‹S m&
naÝVw ò g‘` lr‘mVmOr Ho {cE ~hþV ‘hËdnyU© Wm& ga gr.nr. H mo ^maVr`
{dXoe godmAm| AmB©.E’ .Eg. Am¡a ^maVr` àemg{ZH godmAm| AmB©.E.Eg.
XmoZm| Ho {cE MwZ {c`m J`m Wm Am¡a CÝh| BZ XmoZmo§ ‘| go EH H m M`Z H aZo
H s Ny Q Xr JB© Wr& CÝhm|Zo O~ ò ~mV lr‘mVmOr H mo ~VmB© Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo
H hm {H Xoe ‘| ahH a amîQ´ H s godm H aZm, {dXoe ‘| nX coZo go H ht ~ohVa h¡&
BgH m AW© ~hþV gr Am{W©H hm{Z Wr& naÝVw amîQ´ dmXr hmoZo Ho ZmVo CÝhm|Zo
ga gr.nr. H mo ^maVr` àemg{ZH godm H s Zm¡H ar ñdrH ma H aZo Ho {cE
gh‘V H a {c`m& {M{H ËgH s` ~moS© Ho g‘j O~ do àñVwV hþE Vmo emar[aH
ê n go AZwn`wŠV nm`m J`m Š`m|{H CZH m dOZ {ZYm©[aV dOZ go Mm¡Xh
nmCÊS H ‘ Wm& AV: lr‘mVmOr CÝh| Sm.‘m¡BVam Ho nmg ‘¡hma co JB§© Ohm± do
nhco AnZo BcmO Ho {cE ^r Om MwH s Wt& ‘¡hma ‘| do ga gr.nr. Ho gmW V~
VH éH s¨ O~ VH CZH m AmR-Zm¡ {H cmo dOZ Zht ~‹T J`m& O~ dmo dm{ng
AmE Vmo {M{H ËgH s` ~moS© Zo CÝh| emar[aH ê n go Cn`wŠV nm`m Am¡a CÝh|
CÎma àXoe Ho AmB©.E.Eg. godm-ñVa Ho {cE MwZ {c`m J`m&
^maVr` àemg{ZH godmAm| Ho {cE MwZo OmZo Ho níMmV² CÝh|
cIZD Ho ZJa XÊSm{YH mar (‘{OñQ´ oQ ) Ho nX na {Z`wŠV {H `m J`m& ‘oar
H hmZr `hm± na AmnH mo ga gr.nr. Ho n[adma H s n¥îR^y{‘ Ho {df` ‘| ~VmZo
Ho {cE {dam‘ coJr&
~hþV hr NmoQ r Am`w ‘| {nVmOr H s ‘¥Ë`w hmo OmZo Ho H maU ga gr.nr. H m
nmcZ nmofU cIZD Ho g‘rn "CZmd' Zm‘H NmoQ o H ñ~o ‘| g§`wŠV n[adma
e¡cr ‘o§ CZHo MmMmAm| Zo {H `m& do {hÝXwAm| H s H m`ñW Om{V go gå~pÝYV Wo
101
Am¡a n[adma H s g^r ‘{hcmE§ nmaån[aH H m`ñW {hÝXy ‘{hcmE§ Wt& ga
gr.nr. H m e¡{jH OrdZ AË`ÝV emZXma Wm VWm ñHy c Am¡a {díd{dÚmc`
‘| do gX¡d àW‘ aho& CÝh| H mZyZ H s ApÝV‘ narjm ‘| ñdU© nXH àmá hþAm
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo 92% A§H àmá {H E& AmO VH Eogm cJVm h¡ dh [aH mS© Qy Q m
Zht& AnZo ñHy c Am¡a H m°coO Ho {XZm| go hr do g§JrV Ed§ Iocm| Ho ~hþV
em¡H sZ Wo& CXy© ^mfm H m ^r CÝh| ~hþV em¡H Wm& AmO ^r do CXy© Ho eoa n‹T m
H aVo h¢&
`Ú{n CZH m nmcZ nmofU {hÝXy naånamAm| Ho AZwê n hþAm Wm {’ a ^r
CZH m X¥‹T {dídmg Wm {H na‘mË‘m EH h¡ VWm Y‘© Ho ~§YZ ‘mZd a{MV h¢&
Bg{cE B©gmB© n[adma go gå~pÝYV lr‘mVmOr go {ddmh H aZo ‘| CÝh| H moB©
H {RZmB© Z hþB©& naÝVw CZHo H Åa nmaån[aH {hÝXy gå~pÝY`m| H mo CZH m ò
{ddmh ñdrH m`© Z Wm& Bgr H maU go CZHo ~hþV H ‘ gå~ÝYr {ddmh gm‘amoh
‘| ^mJ coZo Ho {cE AmE& CZHo g^r gå~pÝY`m| Ho ‘Z ‘| B©gmB© c‹S {H `m| Ho
{cE ~‹S o AOr~mo-Jar~ {dMma Wo& CÝhm|Zo gmoMm Wm {H lr‘mVmOr ’« m°H
nhZ|Jr, {cnpñQH cJmE§Jr Am¡a ~mc-ê ‘ Sm±g Ho {cE AOZ~r cmoJm| Ho
gmW OmE§Jr&
n[aUm‘ñdê n AnZr XwëhZ {XImZo Ho {cE O~ ga gr.nr. CZmd JE
Vmo CZHo g^r gå~ÝYr gm‹S r Ho n„o go AnZm {ga THo ~wOwμJm] Ho MaU ñne©
H aZo dmcr Bg nmaån[aH ^maVr` c‹S H s H mo XoIH a AmíM`©M{H V ah JE&
Omo ì`pŠV CÝhm|Zo XoIm dh CZHo ‘pñVîH ‘| ~ZmB© JBª H ënZm go {~ëHw c
{^ÝZ Wm& Amaå^ ‘| do g^r ge§{H V Wo naÝVw lr‘mVmOr go àgm[aV hmoZo
dmco ào‘ VWm ñZoh go do A{YH Xoa VH Xya Z ah gHo & O~ lr‘mVmOr Ho
OmZo H m g‘` Am`m Vmo g^r cmoJ CXmg Wo {H lr‘mVmOr Om ahr h¢& ò
XoIH a ga gr.nr. AmíM`© M{H V Wo {H {H g àH ma lr‘mVmOr Zo CZHo
ê {‹T dmXr nmaån[aH gå~pÝY`m| H m öX` OrVm h¡! V~ go co H a AmOVH
lr‘mVmOr ga gr.nr. Ho g^r gå~pÝY`m| Ho {cE epŠV ñVå^ h¢ Am¡a H moB©
^r g‘ñ`m n‹S Zo na g‘mYmZ Ho {cE do CZHo nmg AmVo h¢& lr‘mVmOr CZH s
Amoa Bg àH ma go Ü`mZ XoVr h¢ ‘mZmo do CZHo AnZo ~ÀMo hm|&
cIZD Ho ZJa XÊSm{YH mar Ho nX na Xmo df© ahZo Ho níMmV² ga
102
gr.nr. A{V[aŠV {Ocm ‘{OñQ´ oQ Ho nX na ‘oaR Mco JE&
’ adar 1952 ‘| ‘¢ gXa-J¥h dm{ng Am J`m Am¡a gXa go ‘¢Zo ‘¡{Q´ H
H s narjm Xr& narjm O~ g‘má hþB© Vmo ‘¢ ~hþV àgÝZ hþAm& ‘oar àgÝZVm H m
ñnîQ H maU ò Wm {H AmZo dmco Xmo-VrZ ‘hrZm| VH ‘wPo n‹T Zm Zht nSoμ Jm
VWm EH Am¡a {Z{hV H maU ò ^r Wm {H lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo Am¡a ‘oar ~hZ
e{e H mo ‘oaR Am‘§{ÌV {H `m Wm& ‘mM© 1952 Ho AÝV ‘| h‘ {X„r Ho {cE
Mco Ohm± ga gr.nr. h‘| coZo AmE Am¡a H ma Ûmam ‘oaR co JE& A{V[aŠV {Ocm
‘{OñQ´ oQ H m ~§Jcm (~hþV) {demc Wm Am¡a Bgo RrH -RmH aIZm lr‘mVmOr
H mo ~hþV H {RZ cJm& Bg{cE CÝhm|Zo EH AÝ` gaH mar A{YH mar H mo AmYm
~§Jcm ahZo Ho {cE Xo {X`m& ~§Jcm nmaån[aH A§§J«oOr e¡cr ‘| ~Zm Wm Am¡a
Bg‘| ~hþV ~‹S m àm§JU Wm {Og‘| Hw Îmm| Ho {cE Hw ÎmmKa Am¡a nÀMrg Kmo‹S m| Ho
{cE AñV~b Wm& naÝVw ò g~ ì`W© n‹S m hþAm Wm& ga gr.nr. H m doVZ
Š`m|{H ~hþV H ‘ Wm Bg{cE lr‘mVmOr Zo ~§Jco Ho gmW Ow‹S r ^y{‘ na IoVr
H aZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& CÝhm|Zo EH {H gmZ H s ‘XX go Cg ^y{‘ na H m`©
{H `m Am¡a ~§Oa n‹S r ^y{‘ Cd©aH H¥ {f ^y{‘ ‘o§ n[ad{V©V hmo JB©& dhm± CÝhm|Zo
{^ÝZ àH ma H s gpãO`m± CJmB§© {OÝh| Ka Ho {cE Cn`moJ {H `m OmVm Am¡a
{OVZr ’ mcVy hmoVr CÝh| AnZo n{V H s Am` H mo ~‹T mZo Ho {cE do {~H dm
XoVt& em‘ H mo h‘ cmoJ A’ gam| Ho Šb~ ‘| OmVo Ohm± ‘¢Zo nhcr ~ma ~¡S q‘QZ
IocZm grIm& {XZ `m Vmo IoV ‘| ~rVVo `m lr‘mVmOr Ho {‘Ìm| Ho Ka OmZo ‘|&
`hm± ‘¢ ~VmZm Mmhÿ±Jm {H lr‘mVmOr H m ’ m‘© {Oco ‘| gdm}Îm‘ ’ m‘© ‘mZm J`m
Wm& ~¢JZ BVZo ~‹S o-~‹S o hmoVo {H ‘wPgo CRmE Z OmVo& lr‘mVmOr Zo ~hþV
~‹S o-~‹S o Jmo^r Ho ’y c, ~hþV ~‹S o-~‹S o Q‘mQa d Irao CJmE& {dídmg Zht
hmoVm Wm {H {H g àH ma BVZr ~‹S r-~‹S r gpãO`m± do CJm nmBª! CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo
~Vm`m {H ò emH åâr Xodr H s ^y{‘ h¡& ~mX ‘| ‘¢Zo XoIm {H CZH s CnpñW{V
‘| aIo JE ’y cm| H m AmH ma ^r ~hþV ~‹S m hmo OmVm h¡&
‘Zmoa§OZ H m EH ‘mÌ gmYZ Mc{MÌ XoIZm Wm& naÝVw {’ ë‘| XoIZm ^r
g‘ñ`m Wr& {gZo‘m H m ‘m{cH OmZVm Wm {H A{V[aŠV {Ocm
XÊSm{YH mar H m n[adma {’ ë‘ XoIZo Ho {cE Am`m h¡& AV: dh Bg ~mV H m
Ü`mZ aIVm Wm {H ga gr.nr. H mo Z Ho dc {QH Qm| Ho n¡go Z XoZo n‹S o ~pëH
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n[adma Ho gXñ`m| H mo erVc nò VWm ZmíVm Am{X ^r ^Q| {H E OmE&§ A{V[aŠV
{Ocm XÊSm{YH mar H m nX Š`m{|H AË`ÝV ‘hËdnUy© h¡ Bg{cE do A{V[aŠV
{Ocm XÊSm{YH mar VWm CgHo n[adma Ho à{V gËH maerc hmZom MmhVo W&o
ga gr.nr. ~hþV A{YH B©‘mZXma Am¡a AË`ÝV gmdYmZ ì`pŠV Wo&
AV: do {QH Qm| Ho n¡go XoZo Ho {cE ^r Omoa cJmVo VWm ZmíVo Am{X Ho {cE ^r
^wJVmZ H aZm MmhVo& BgH m ‘Vc~ hmoVm CZH m ~hþV gm IMm© hmoZm&
g‘ñ`m H m g‘mYmZ H aZo Ho {cE, O~ ^r h‘Zo {’ ë‘ XoIZo OmZm hmoVm do
AnZr Jm‹S r {gZo‘m hm°c go Hw N Xyar na éH dmVo Amoa S´ mBda aKwdra H mo
{QH Q| cmZo Ho {cE ôOVo& BgHo níMmV² do hm°c ‘| àdoe H aVo& dmo gmoMVo Wo
{H CÝh| {gZo‘m hm°c Ho ‘m{cH m| Zo Zht XoIm naÝVw CZHo cå~o H X Am¡a VrZ
IÊS gyQ (Three Piece Suit) gX¡d CÝh| YmoIm XoVo Am¡a gX¡d erVc no`
VWm ZmíVm| H m IM© CÝh| dhZ H aZm n‹S Vm& pñW{V Š`m|{H ~hþV XwîH a hmoVr
Om ahr Wr Bg{cE EH gh‘{V ~Zm cr JB© {H gaH ma H mo OmZo dmcr {QH Qm|
H s CËnmX H a am{e do Adí` X|Jo VWm {gZ‘o H m ‘m{cH ‘oh‘mZZdmμOr Ho
ê n ‘| CÝh| Hw N ^r ^|Q Zht H aoJm&
lr‘mVmOr H s Xygar ~oQ r gmYZm H m OÝ‘ ’ adar 1950 ‘| cIZD ‘|
hþAm Wm& dh {dH mg H s AË`ÝV {XcMñn AdñWm ‘| Wr Am¡a AnZr VmoVcr
~mVm| go h‘ g~H m {Xc cJmE aIVr Wt& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H Cgo AmBñH« s‘ ~hþV
ngÝX Wr Am¡a lr‘mVmOr gX¡d AÀNo aoñVam§ OmZo go ~MVr Wt {H H ht
gmYZm ImZo Ho {cE {OμX Z H ao&
‘oaR ‘| ‘¢Zo gd©àW‘ Jm‹S r McmZr grIr& Amaå^ ‘| ga gr.nr. Zo h‘|
Jm‹S r McmZm {gImZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& naÝVw g‘` A^md Ho H maU do Eogm Z
H a gHo & AV: ‘¢Zo S´ mBda aKwdra go Jm‹S r McmZr grIr& grIZo ‘| ‘¢ ~hþV
MwñV Wm Am¡a Wmo‹S o go {XZm| ‘| hr ‘¢ g‹S H na Jm‹S r McmZo cJm& na§Vw S´ mBda
gX¡d ‘wPo `mVm`mV nw{cg go ~MZo H s gcmh XoVm Š`m|{H ‘oao nmg Jm‹S r
McmZo H m cmBg¢g Z Wm EH ~ma Eogm hþAm {H ‘oar nyar H mo{ee Ho ~mX ^r
`mVm`mV nw{cg Ho Mm¡amho go JwOaZm n‹S m& ‘wPo Sa Wm {H ‘wPgo cmBg¢g Ho
{df` ‘| nyN m OmEJm& naÝVw ‘oar h¡amZr H s gr‘m Z ahr& Jm‹S r O~ CgHo
g‘rn nhþ±Mr Vmo Cgo amoH Zo Ho ñWmZ na CgZo ‘wPo gcm‘ {H `m& V~ ‘oar
104
g‘P ‘| Am`m {H CgZo A{V[aŠV {Ocm XÊSm{YH mar H s JmS‹ r nhMmZ cr Wr&
‘oar Jm‹S r H s e¡cr go aKwdra ~hþV àgÝZ Wm Am¡a BgHo H maU ‘wPo
~hþV AmË‘{dídmg hmo J`m Wm& AÝVV: EH {XZ ‘wPgo XwK©Q Zm hmo JB©& ‘¢ EH
Qm±Jo go AmJo {ZH cZm Mmh ahm Wm Am¡a Kmo‹S o Ho nmg nhþ±MH a ‘¢Zo ^m|ny ~Om
{X`m& Kmo‹S m Mm¢H m Am¡a ‘oar H ma H s Va’ Xm¡‹S Zo cJm Am¡a Qm±Jo H m {nNcm
{hñgm H ma go QH am J`m& Ka AmH a ‘¢Zo g^r Hw N lr‘mVmOr H mo ~Vm`m
Am¡a ò ^r H hm {H ‘¢ AnZo {H E na cp‚mV hÿ±& naÝVw CZgo ^r H ht A{YH ‘¢
ga gr.nr. go Sam hþAm Wm& Xmonha Ho ^moOZ Ho {cE O~ dmo AmE Vmo ‘¢ IoV ‘|
{Nn J`m Am¡a ga gr.nr. Ho ~wcmZo Ho ~mdOyX ^r ~mha Zht Am`m& em‘ H mo
O~ ‘¢Zo CZHo gm‘Zo n‹S Zo H s {hå‘V OwQ mB© Vmo CÝhm|Zo H hm {H XwK©Q ZmAm|
H s ^{dî`dmUr Zht H s Om gH Vr& Š`m|{H ò XwK©Q ZmE§ h¢ Bg{cE Z Vmo
BZH m nydm©^mg hmo gH Vm h¡ Am¡a Z hr BZgo ~Mm Om gH Vm h¡& Cg {XZ ‘¢Zo
nmR grIm {OgZo ^{dî` ‘| ‘aor ~hVþ ghm`Vm H s, {defo ê n go JmS‹ r McmVo hEþ&
O~ h‘ dhm± Wo Vmo lr‘mVmOr Xmo ~ma h‘| gaYmZm Zm‘H ñWmZ na
pñWV ~hþV nwamZo MM© ‘| co JBª Am¡a CÝhm|Zo h‘| ~Vm`m {H MM© H s VWm
‘hm‘R H s Xrdmam| na H s JB© gwÝXa ZŠH mer Am¡a ereo H s pI‹S {H `m| na H s
JB© {MÌH mar H mo XoIZo go ~hþV R§S H ‘hgyg hmoVr h¡& B©‘mZXmar H s ~mV Vmo
ò h¡ {H ‘wPo H moB© R§S H ‘hgyg Zht hþB©, hm± ‘¢Zo {MÌH mar H m AmZÝX {c`m&
ò ~mV gm{~V H aVr h¡ {H Ho dc AmË‘gmjmËH mar H mo hr RS§ H ‘hgg y hmVor h&¡
EH {XZ ‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© H m EH nÌ Am`m {Og‘o§ CgZo {cIm Wm {H ‘¢Zo
‘¡{Q´ H H s narjm nmg H a cr h¡ Am¡a ~hZ emÝVm~mB© H m {ddmh ^r {ZpíMV
hmo J`m h¡& CZH m godmJ«m‘ ‘| ahZo dmco Ho ac Ho EH ê {‹T dmXr {hÝXy n[adma
go gå~pÝYV Jm±YrdmXr lr.gm{W`m ZmWZ go hmoZm Wm& BgH m AW© Wm EH
Am¡a AÝVOm©Vr` {ddmh, cJmVma Vrgam& h‘ g~ AË`ÝV CÎmo{OV Wo& {ddmh
‘B© ‘| hmoZm {ZpíMV hþAm Wm Am¡a n[aUm‘ñdê n h‘| ‘oaR ‘| éH Zo H m g‘`
H ‘ H aZm n‹S m& ‘¢ Bg{cE ^r CÎmo{OV Wm {H ‘wPo A~ ‘hm{dÚmc` ‘| àdoe
coZm Wm& ‘¢Zo ^y-{dkmZ {d^mJ ‘| àdoe coZo H m {ZU©` {c`m Wm Š`m|{H
H mo`co H s ImZ ‘| H m‘ H aZo dmco EH ^mB© Ho nmg O~ ‘¢ J`m Wm Vmo ImZ Ho
à~ÝYH H s ahZo H s e¡cr go ~hþV à^m{dV hþAm Wm& CgH m ~hþV ~‹S m ~§Jcm
105
Wm, H ma VWm CgH m W¡cm co OmZo Ho {cE Zm¡H a Wm, XâVa VH Jm‹S r ‘| co
OmZo Ho {cE CZHo nmg MmcH Wm& ‘oao ~mc-‘pñVîH Ho {cE ò g~ MrμO|
gwI-gw{dYm H s namH mîRm Wt& ‘¢Zo O~ AnZo MMoao ^mB© go nyN m {H ImZ H m
‘¡ZoOa {H g àH ma ~Zm Om gH Vm h¡ Vmo CgZo ~Vm`m Wm {H BgHo {cE
{díd{dÚmc` ‘| ^y-{dkmZ H s {dÚm àmá H aZr hmoJr& Bg àH ma ‘¢Zo ò
{ZU©` {H `m {H `{X ‘¢Zo A§H àmá H a {cE Vmo {dkmZ ‘hm{dÚmc` ‘| àdoe
cy§Jm& ‘oar ~hZ H m {ddmh AË`ÝV gmXJr go hþAm Š`m|{H ‘oao {nVmOr Am¡a
Xyëhm {H gr ^r àH ma Ho {XImdo Ho {cE n¡gm ~~m©X Z H aZm MmhVo Wo&
Jm±YrOr Ho godmJ«m‘ Aml‘ ‘| ahZo dmco g^r cmoJ Am JE Wo& CZH s gmXJr
Am¡a {ZíNcVm H mo XoIH a ‘¢ h¡amZ Wm& ‘¢ Bg ~mV go ^r ~hþV à^m{dV Wm
{H CÀM j‘Vm Am¡a CncpãY`m| dmco cmoJm| Zo ^r Jm±YrOr H m AZw`m`r ~ZZo
Ho {cE g^r Hw N Ë`mJ {X`m Wm& {ddmh Ho níMmV² h‘ g~ godmJ«m‘ JE Am¡a
Jm±YrOr Ho Am{VÏ` go h‘mam gËH ma {H `m J`m&
O~ ‘oao ^mB© H mo ‘oar Bg ‘§em H m nVm Mcm {H ‘¢ ^y-{dkmZ {d^mJ ‘|
àdoe coZm Mmh ahm hÿ± Vmo do AË`ÝV AemÝV hmo JE Š`m|{H dmo MmhVo Wo {H ‘¢
dm{UÁ` {d^mJ ‘| àdoe co H a emgn{ÌV coImH a ~Zy§ Vm{H CZHo noeo ‘| ‘¢
CZH s ghm`Vm H a gHy§ naÝVw ‘oao {nVmOr Zo H hm {H ‘oar BÀNm hr gdm}n[a
hmoJr VWm CZHo g^r ~oQ m| H mo AnZm noem MwZZo H m nyU© A{YH ma h¡& ‘¢Zo
{hñcmon H m°coO (Hislop College) ‘| àdoe Ho {cE AmdoXZ {H `m& AnZo
ñHy c H m Š`m|{H ‘¢Zo {H« Ho Q ‘| à{V{Z{YËd {H `m Wm Bg{cE ‘wPo Ioc H moQ o
‘| àdoe {X`m J`m& cm°ar {OgZo hm°H s ‘| ^maV H m à{V{Z{YËd {H `m Wm
CgHo AmdoXZ H mo ñdrH ma H aZo Ho níMmV² ‘oam AmdoXZ {d{YdV ñdrH ma
{H `m J`m& ‘¢ A^r AnZo AmdoXZ nÌ H mo Am¡nMm[aH ê n go ñdrH ma H aZo
H s àVrjm H a ahm Wm {H ‘wPo AnZo ñHy c Ho Xmo {‘Ì {‘co Omo dm{UÁ`
H m°coO ‘| n‹T aho Wo CZ‘| go EH Ho .Ho . A{YH mar Wm Omo ~mX ‘| O~cnwa
CÀM Ý`m`mc` H m OO ~Zm Am¡a Xygao lr.E‘.Qr. Jmô ~mX ‘| ZmJnwa
{díd{dÚmc` Ho CnHw cn{V ~Zo& E‘.Qr. Jmô "‘moé' Zm‘ go à{gÕ Wo Am¡a
Ho .Ho . A{YH mar "SmHy ' Zm‘ go& ‘moé Zo ‘wPo gcmh Xr {H ‘¢ dm{UÁ` {d^mJ
‘| àdoe cy§ Š`m|{H Bg àH ma ‘¢ àW‘ df© go hr H m°coO H s {H« Ho Q Qr‘ ‘|
106
IocZo H m Adga àmá H a cy§Jm O~{H {hñcmon H m°coO ‘| ‘wPo Adga {‘cZo
Ho ~hþV H ‘ ‘m¡Ho h¢& AJa ‘wPo Adga {‘c ^r J`m Vmo ‘wPo Xmo df© àVrjm
H aZr nSoμ Jr& BgHo gmW-gmW SmHy Zo ‘wPo H hm {H dm{UÁ` H m°coO ‘| Cgo
~hþV AHo cmnZ ‘hgyg hmoVm h¡ Bg{cE ‘¢ dm{UÁ` H m°coO ‘| àdoe cy§ Vm{H
Cgo gmW {‘c gHo & ‘¢Zo Bg àñVmd na Xmo {XZ VH {dMma {H `m Am¡a {H« Ho Q
Ho {cE ‘oam ào‘ AÝ` g^r MrμOm| na {dO`r hþAm& AV: ‘¢ J`m Am¡a OmH a
AnZo ^mB© H mo ~Vm`m {H ‘¢Zo dm{UÁ` H m°coO ‘| àdoe coZo H m {ZU©` {H `m h¡&
dh ~hþV àgÝZ hþAm, naÝVw dh Z OmZVm Wm {H ‘oao {ZU©` ~XcZo Ho nrNo
dmñVd ‘| Š`m H maU h¡&
‘oao {nVmOr Zo ‘wPo dm{UÁ` H m°coO Ho àYmZmMm`© lr.QmoIr Ho Zm‘ go
n[aM` nÌ {X`m& lr.QmoIr g¡ÕmpÝVH ê n go Jm±YrdmXr Wo Am¡a CZHo ‘Z ‘|
‘oao {nVmOr Ho {cE ~hþV gå‘mZ Wm& Mnamgr Ho hmW O~ ‘¢Zo AnZo {nVmOr
H m nÌ ôOm Vmo àYmZmMm`© dam±So go ‘wPo {‘cZo Ho {cE ~mha AmE Š`m|{H ‘¢
dhm± AnZr ~mar H s àVrjm ‘¢ ~¡R m hþAm Wm& EH AÝ` c‹S H m ^r dhm± àdoe Ho
{cE àVrjm H a ahm Wm& àYmZmMm`© Zo nyN m {H XmoZm| ‘| go gmëdo H m¡Z h¡?
O~ ‘¢Zo AnZm n[aM` {X`m Vmo CÝhm|Zo H hm {H ‘oao AÀNo A§H h¡ {’ a ^r ‘¢
dm{UÁ` {d^mJ ‘| àdoe coZo H s àVrjm H a ahm hÿ± Š`m|{H ò {d^mJ Vmo àm`:
AÝ`Ì AñdrH ma {H E hþE àm{W©`m| H s gëVZV ‘mZm OmVm h¡& ‘¢Zo
àYmZmMm`© H mo ~Vm`m {H AnZo A§H m| Ho ~mdOyX ^r ‘¢Zo dm{UÁ` H m°coO ‘|
àdoe coZo H m {ZU©` {H `m h¡ Š`m|{H ‘¢ emgn{ÌV (Chartered Accountant)
~ZZm MmhVm hÿ±& `h grYm-PyR ‘¢Zo CZHo gå‘wI ~mocm Wm Š`m|{H Cg Am`w
‘| Eogm H hZm ~hþV A{YH ^{dî`dmXr hmoZm hmoVm Am¡a noeo Ho {df` ‘| gmoMZm
~hþV Xya H s ~mV hmoVr& Vwa§V cm^ Omo ‘wPo {XImB© {X`m dmo Wm {H ‘¢ H m°coO
{H« Ho Q Qr‘ Ho {cE Iocy§Jm& BZ gVhr Am¡a CWco H maUm| Ho {cE ‘¢Zo dm{UÁ`
H m°coO ‘| àdoe {c`m& {Og H jm ‘| SmHy Zo àdoe {c`m Wm Cgr ‘¢ ‘¢Zo ^r
àdoe {c`m& naÝVw O~ ‘¢ dmñVd ‘| H m°coO J`m Vmo Cggo EH {XZ nyd© SmHy Zo
dh H m°coO Nmo‹S H a {dkmZ {d^mJ ‘| àdoe co {c`m Wm& H jm ‘| ‘oao ñHy c H m
EH ^Å Zm‘ H m {‘Ì ^r Wm Omo AË`ÝV ‘oKmdr Ed§ n[al‘r Wm (AV: ‘oar
ngÝX Ho AZwê n Z Wm) BÀNmZwgma ‘wPo {H« Ho Q Qr‘ Ho àW‘ ½`mah
107
pIcm{‹S `m| ‘| MwZ {c`m J`m& Ho dc BVZm hr Zht ‘¢Zo H m°coO H m ~¡S q‘QZ ‘|
^r à{V{Z{YËd {H `m& lr‘mVmOr ñd`§ ~¡S q‘QZ H s àW‘ XO} H s {dOoVm
Wt& àW‘ df© ‘| hr ‘¢ ~¡S q‘QZ {dOoVm ~Z J`m Am¡a qgJc Am¡a S~b H n
OrVo& BgH m gmam lo` lr‘mVmOr H mo OmVm h¡ Š`m|{H CÝhm|Zo hr ‘wPo IocZm
{gIm`m Wm& {H« Ho Qa Ho ê n ‘| AnZr `mo½`Vm {XImZo H s ‘oar AmemE§ {d’ c
hmo JBª Š`m|{H AÝVaH m°coO à{V`mo{JVm Ho nhco Xm¡a ‘| hr h‘mam ‘wH m~cm
Cg df© Ho {dOoVmAm| go hmo J`m Am¡a n[aUm‘V: h‘ ~war Vah go hmao&
{Xdmcr Ho g‘` lr‘mVmOr ZmJnwa ‘| h‘mao gmW Wt, dmo ‘oaR go AmBª
Wt& ‘oao ‘hm{dÚmc` H s gm‘m{OH JmoîRr ‘| ‘wOmXrX Ý`mμOr Zm‘H EH ~hþV
~‹S o JμOc Jm`H H mo g§JrV g§Ü`m Ho {cE ~wcm`m J`m Wm Am¡a lr‘mVmOr ,
‘oao {nVmOr VWm n[adma Ho g^r gXñ`m| H mo ^r Am‘§{ÌV {H `m J`m Wm& O~
àYmZmMm`© Zo ‘wPo Ho dc gmëdo `m ‘oao nhco Zm‘ go Z ~wcmH a lr.gmëdo Zm‘
go gå~mo{YV {H `m Vmo lr‘mVmOr X§J ah JBª& CÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go H hm {H
gå^dV: ‘¢Zo àYmZmMm`© na AÀNm à^md Smcm hmoJm& ‘oao àW‘ df© H s narjm
‘hm{dÚmc` H s hr narjm Wr Am¡a ‘¢ AnZo Eogo {‘Ì Ho gmW n‹T Vm Wm Omo
àmV: Xmo ~Oo ao{S`mo gwZZo H m em¡H sZ Wm& CgHo {dZmoXerc hmoZo Ho H maU
‘wPo CgH m gmW ~hþV ng§X Wm& ^m½`de `m Xw^m©½`de CgZo àW‘ df© Ho
níMmV² H m°coO Nmo‹S {X`m& VWm YZw ^Å ^r H m°coO go Mcm J`m& BgHo
níMmV² ‘¢Zo Hw N AÝ` {‘Ì ~ZmE {OZ‘| ‘Yw Omoer, í`m‘ OmoY Am¡a Am~m
’ ‹S Zdrg ‘w»` Wo& ‘oar H jm ‘| Xmo c‹S {H `m± Wt Am¡a XmoZm| Zo hr ‘wPo AnZm
^mB© ~Zm {c`m Wm& dmo ‘wPo AnZo So ñH Ho nrNo {~RmVt Vm{H AÝ` c‹S Ho
CÝh| naoemZ Z H a|& AnZr dm{f©H narjm Ho {cE ‘¢ ‘wpíH c go nÝX«h {XZ
n‹T m {’ a ^r ‘¢ nmg hmo J`m& V~ VH lr‘mVmOr ~å~B© Am JBª Wt Š`m|{H ga
gr.nr. OhmμOamZr {ZJ‘ Ho ‘w»` {ZXoeH (Director General of Shipping
Corporation) W|&
EH KQZm `m EH gmh{gH H m`© H m `hm± ‘¢ dU©Z H aZm Mmhÿ§Jm&

B§Q a‘r{SEQ H s narjm g‘má hmoVo hr h‘ nm±M N: {‘Ìm| Zo gmB©{H cm| na
ZmJnwa go ~å~B© OmZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& ZmJnwa go ~å~B© H s Xyar cJ^J 900
{H .‘r. h¡& ‘wPo {dídmg Wm {H `{X Ka na ‘¢Zo gÀMr ~mV ~Vm Xr Vmo 48 J‘u
108
dmco Bg ‘m¡g‘ ‘| H moB© ^r ‘wPo Bg gmh{gH H m`© H mo H aZo H s Amkm Z XoJm&
AV: ‘¢Zo EH H hmZr K‹S r {H ‘¢ AnZo {‘Ì H s emXr ‘| Om ahm hÿ±& ò H hmZr
ñdrH ma H a cr JB© na§Vw Ho dc BVZo go hr ‘oar g‘ñ`m H m AÝV Zht hþAm&
Xygar Amoa AË`ÝV ‘hËdnyU© g‘ñ`m n¡go H m à~ÝY H aZm Wm Am¡a dmo ^r gm¡
énò H s ~‹S r aH ‘ H m& CZ {XZm| ‘| h‘| nwñVH mc` H s nwñVH| CYma coZo Ho
{cE n¢Vmcrg énò μO‘mZV H s am{e Ho ê n ‘| aIZo hmoVo Wo Omo dm{ng {cE
Om gH Vo Wo& nwñVH| CYma coZo H s ~mV Vmo Xya ahr ‘¢Zo Vmo nyao df© ‘| cmB~«oar
H s eŠb hr Z XoIr Wr& AV: ‘wPo ~‹S r AmgmZr go n¢Vmcrg énò H s nyar
aμH ‘ dm{ng {‘c JB© {Ogo ‘¢Zo AnZr Oo~ ‘| Smc {c`m& CZ {XZm| ao{S`mo
ZmQH m| ‘| ‘wPo NmoQ r-NmoQ r ^y{‘H mE§ {‘c Om`m H aVr Wt {OZHo {cE do ‘wPo
nÝÐh énò {X`m H aVo Wo& {H gr Vah go ‘¢Zo EH ^y{‘H m àmá H a cr Am¡a
‘oar Oo~ H s am{e gmR énò hmo JB©& ‘oar EH ^VrOr Wr Omo H m`©aV c‹S H s
Wr CgZo ‘wPo nÀMrg énò Bg eV© na CYma XoZo H m dmXm {H `m {H O~ ^r
Vw‘ BÝh| cm¡Q mZo Ho `mo½` hmo OmAmo Vmo cm¡Q m XoZm& Bg àH ma ‘¢Zo 85 énò
EH Ì H a {cE& Š`m|{H lr‘mVmOr CZ {XZm| ~å~B© ‘| ahVr Wt Vmo dhm± RhaZo
H m IM© dmo gå^mc coVt Am¡a ‘wPo {dídmg Wm {H nÝÐh énò H m à~ÝY Vmo ‘¢
~å~B© ‘| H a hr cy§Jm& 85 énò ‘| go nm±M énò gmB©{H c H s ‘aå‘V na IM©
{H E JE& ZmJnwa Ho H coŠQa go EH nÌ {c`m J`m VWm h‘mao H m°coO Ho
àYmZmMm`© go ^r Am¡a h‘mao àñWmZ H s {V{W {Z`V H a Xr JB©& àñWmZ go
nyd© godmJ«m‘ VH narjU Xm¡‹S H s JB©& godmJ«m‘ ‘| emÝVm VmB© ahVr Wr& 80
{H .‘r. H s Xyar ‹T mB© go VrZ KÊQm| ‘| V` H a cr JB© Am¡a Cgr em‘ H mo h‘
ZmJnaw cmQ¡ AmE Š`m{|H Xmo {XZm| ~mX hr h‘§o AnZr `mÌm na àñWmZ H aZm Wm&
{Z`V {V{W H mo h‘ g~ d¡amBQr ñ¹¡ à (ZmJnwa H m A{V à{gÕ ^dZ
g‘yh) na EH Ì hþE Am¡a h‘Zo {dXm H aZo Ho {cE AmE g^r {‘Ìm| Ho gmW
‘μOoXma Mm` nr& RrH gm‹T o nm±M ~Oo h‘ N: {‘Ì ZmJnwa go ~å~B© Ho {cE Mc
n‹S o& KQZm Bg àH ma hþB© {H ‘oao EH {‘Ì H m MmMm ñWmZr` AI~ma Ho {cE
H m`©aV Wm& h‘| à{g{Õ XoZo Ho {cE CgZo Cg {XZ Ho g‘mMma nÌ ‘| ò
g‘mMma Nmnm {H dm{UÁ` H m°coO Ho N: c‹S Ho gmB©{H cm| go ~å~B© Ho {cE
admZm hþE Am¡a Qr‘ H m ZoV¥Ëd EM.nr.gmëdo H a aho h¢&
109
h‘| Bg g‘mMma H s {~ëHw c ^r I~a Z Wr VWm em‘ VH h‘Zo gm¡
{H cmo‘rQa H s Xyar V` H a cr& Jm±d Ho àYmZ lr.nmQrc Ûmam {XE JE {MH Z
Ho ñdm{XîQ ImZo H m AmZ§X coH a h‘ gaH mar A{V{W J¥h ‘| Amam‘ H a aho
Wo& lr.nmQrc, H mo h‘Zo AmídñV H a {c`m Wm {H h‘| J«m‘rU ^maV Ho
gd}jU H m H m`© gm¢nm J`m h¡ Vm{H h‘ ò XoI gH| {H dhm± na ^maV H s
Am{W©H CÝZ{V Ho {cE Kaocy CÚmoJ cJmZo H s {H VZr gå^mì`Vm h¡& dmñVd
‘| ‘aor ~S‹ r-~S‹ r ~mVm| go lr.nmQrc BVZo à^m{dV hmo JE Wo {H CgZo h‘| Xmo {XZ
Jmd± ‘| éH Zo H s àmWZ©m H s Vm{H h‘ Jmd± H m gdj}U ^cr-^m{§V H a gH| &
`h gmoMVo hþE {H AJco {XZ h‘Zo {H VZr Xyar V` H aZr h¡ A^r h‘
{~ñVa na gmoZo dmco hr Wo {H h‘| H ma H s ‘w»` amoeZr h‘mar {Xem ‘| AmVr
hþB© {XImB© Xr& h‘Zo gmoMm {H A{V{W J¥h ‘| ahZo Ho {cE H moB© `mÌr AmE h¢
Bg{cE AmZo dmcr H ma H mo h‘Zo H moB© ‘hËd Z {X`m& Bg{cE ^r h‘Zo H ma
H s {MÝVm Zht H s Š`m|{H lr.nmQrc Zo A{V{W J¥h Ho Mm¡H sXma H mo {hXm`V
Xr Wr {H ZE `m{Ì`m| Ho AmZo Ho H maU h‘| naoemZ Z {H `m OmE&
h‘Zo H ma go EH ì`pŠV H mo CVaVo hþE XoIm& CgHo hmW ‘| amB’ c JZ
Wr {Oggo h‘Zo `h AÝXmOm cJm`m {H dmo H moB© {eH mar hmoJm Omo A{V{W J¥h
‘| amV JwOmaZo Ho {cE Am`m h¡& O~ dh g‘rn Am`m Vmo ‘wPo gX‘m cJm
Š`m|{H ò Vmo gÝZr ^¡`m Wo&
KQZm Bg àH ma hþB© {H h‘ N: c‹S H m| H s gmB©{H c go ~å~B© Ho {cE
àñWmZ H s I~a EZ.Ho .nr. Zo n‹T r Am¡a dmo Xm¡‹S H a dhm± nhþ±Mo Ohm± h‘ ahVo Wo
VWm CÝh| nVm Mcm {H h‘ dmñVd ‘| ~å~B© Ho {cE Mc n‹S o h¢ Am¡a dmo ^r
{~Zm H moB© n¡gm {cò& Bggo CÝh| ~hþV naoemZr hþB©& ‘oao {nVmOr H mo ^r ~hþV
H îQ hþAm Am¡a ò {ZU©` {H `m J`m {H ‘wPo ZmJnwa dm{ng cmZo Ho {cE gÝZr
^¡`m H mo ôOm OmE& ò ~mV OmZVo hþE {H ‘¢ ~å~B© OmZo Ho {cE X¥‹T g§H ën hÿ±
gÝZr ^¡`m Zo ‘w±h bQH m H a H hm {H ‘oao Bg àH ma Mco AmZo go {nVmOr H mo
~hþV ~‹S m gX‘m cJm Wm {OgHo H maU CÝh| AñnVmc ^Vu H amZm n‹S m& Bg
hmcmV ‘| ‘wPo gÝZr ^¡`m Ho AZwamoY Ho gå‘wI PwH H a ZmJnwa OmZm n‹S m& ‘¢
O~ dm{ng Am`m Vmo g~go nhco {‘cZo dmco ì`pŠV ‘oao {nVmOr Wo& ‘wPo
BVZm H« moY Am`m {H ‘¢Zo n[adma Ho {H gr ^r gXñ` go EH gámh VH ~mV
110
Zht H s Am¡a Bg àH ma ‘oao gmh{gH H m`© H m AÝV hþAm& ‘oao {‘Ì ~å~B© JE
Am¡a nyZm Am¡a Am¡a§Jm~mX Ho amñVo 2500 {H .‘r. H s Xyar V` H aHo dm{ng
AmE& EH Vah go Eogm hmoZm ~hþV AÀNm hþAm Š`m|{H Cgr gámh lr‘mVmOr
J‘u H s Nw {Å`m± h‘mao nmg {~VmZo Ho {cE ZmJnaw AmB&ª h‘ qNXdmS‹ m Ho g‘rn
pñWV nM§‘T‹ r Zm‘H nhmS‹ na JE Ama¡ dhm± nÝXh« {XZ H s emZXma Nw {Å`m± {~VmB&©§
‘oao {nVmOr H m ñdmñÏ` {~J‹S Zo cJm Wm& AV¡d ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo H hm
{H CÝh| nyU© emar[aH narjU Ho {cE ~å~B© OmZm Mm{hE& Vmo ‘oar ‘m±, {nVmOr
Am¡a ‘¢ ~å~B© ‘| lr‘mVmOr Ho `hm± RhaZo Ho {cE Mco JE& do dhm± na H ’
noaoS (Culf Parade) ‘| B©dmZhmo ^dZ (Ivanhoe Building) ‘| ahVr Wt& Oo.Oo.
ñHy c Am’ AmQ© ‘| {MÌH mar Am¡a c{cVH cm n‹T Zo Ho {cE BÝXw nhco go hr
dhm± Wr& ~å~B© ‘| ‘¢ AnZo {nVmOr H mo QmQm H¢ ga [agM© BÝñQrQçyQ narjU
Ho {cE co J`m Vm{H H¢ ga H m eH Xya {H `m Om gHo & `hm± na H¢ ga {deofk
Sm.~mo{O©g Zo CZH m narjU {H `m Am¡a H hm {H g§Km{VH Vm (Malignancy)
H s H moB© gå^mdZm Zht h¡& ~å~B© ‘| O~ h‘ Wo Vmo ~‹S r KQZmE§ K{QV hþBª& ‘oao
^mB© gwerc H s ZmJnwa ‘| ‘¥Ë`w hmo JB©, BgH s gyMZm EZ.Ho .nr. Ho EH {‘Ì Zo
Xr& ò g‘mMma ‘oao ‘mVm-{nVm VWm h‘ g~Ho {cE ~hþV hr Xw:IX Wm dh
An§J Vmo Wm naÝVw AË`ÝV A~moY VWm ào‘ Ed§ ñZoh‘` Wm& Xygam g‘mMma ò
Wm {H ‘¢Zo BÝQa‘r{SEQ H s narjm nmg H a cr Wr& ò {díd{dÚmc` H s
narjm Wr Am¡a A~ ‘| ñZmVH ñVa H s n‹T mB© Ho {cE `mo½` hmo J`m Wm&
~å~B© ‘| ahVo hþE Hw N AQnQr KQZmE§ hþBª {OZH m gm‘Zm lr‘mVmOr
Am¡a ga gr.nr. H mo H aZm n‹S m& BZ‘| go ‘¢ Ho dc EH H m dU©Z H ê §Jm& XmoZm|
~hþV à{gÕ Wo Am¡a CÝh| {‘cZo Ho {cE ~hþV go {‘Ì Am`m H aVo Wo& CZH m
EH {deof {‘Ì Wm Omo {~Zm {H gr nyd© gyMZm Ho H ^r ^r QnH n‹S Vm Wm& EH
em‘ ga gr.nr. XâVa go WHo hþE AmE Am¡a AnZo Bg {‘Ì Ho QnH n‹S Zo Ho
Sa go gh‘o hþE ~¡R o Wo& CZH s {MÝVm H m AÝXmμOm cJmH a lr‘mVmOr Zo H hm
{H Š`m|{H Bg {‘Ì Zo AnZo AmZo H s H moB© gyMZm Zht Xr h¡ Vmo Bg{cE h‘
g~ H ht ~mha OmH a amV H m ImZm ImE§Jo Am¡a {’ ë‘ XoI|Jo& Ka H mo ~ÝX
XoIH a {ZpíMV ê n go dh cm¡Q OmEJm& h‘ cmoJ Ka go Mco JE Am¡a amV H m
emo XoIH a dm{ng AmE Vmo XoIm {H CZH m {‘Ì, CgH s nËZr Am¡a ~ÀMm
111
n‹S mo{g`m| go Hw {g©`m± ‘m§JH a XadmOo na ~¡R o Wo& VrZ-Mma KÊQm| go do dhm± ~¡R o
hþE Wo& CZHo OmZo Ho níMmV² h‘Zo ga gr.nr. H m ~hþV ‘μOmH ~Zm`m {H Eogo
C~mD cmoJm| H mo AnZo BX©-{JX© EH Ì H aZo H s CZ‘| ~‹S r `mo½`Vm h¡& naÝVw
h‘| Eogo cmoJm| go ~MZo Ho Cnm` ImoOZo H s ^r {MÝVm Wr& ‘oao {dMma go AmO
^r ga gr.nr. Am¡a lr‘mVmOr H mo Bg ‘m‘co ‘| g’ cVm àmá Zht hþB© h¡&
EH AÝ` KQZm h¡ {OgH m dU©Z ‘¢ H aZm Mmhÿ§Jm& {Og ^dZ ‘| do ahVo
Wo dh ‘§Ìmc` Ho g‘rn pñWV Wm& EH {XZ ~‹S m Ocyg ‘§Ìmc` na Am`m
naÝVw Bgo dhm± nhþ±MZo go nhco hr nw{cg Zo amoH {X`m {OgHo n[aUm‘ñdê n
nw{cg Zo cmRr MmO© {H `m {OgHo H maU ~hþV go cmoJ O»‘r hmo JE, {OZ‘| go
~hþV cmoJ {ZXm}f Wo Omo dhm± go JwμOa aho Wo& BgHo ~mX nw{cg H mo Jmocr McmZr
n‹S r& nm±Mdr ‘§{Oc Ho AnZo μâc¡Q H s ~¡c²H° {Z go lr‘mVmOr nyam V‘mem XoI
ahr Wt& O»‘r cmoJm| H s ghm`Vm H aZo Ho {cE do Xm¡‹S n‹S t& Hw N H mo
àmapå^H ‘XX Ho {cE do μâc¡Q VH cmBª Am¡a CZH s Jmo{c`m§ {ZH mct Am¡a
CZH s n{Å`m± H s¨& ~mX ‘| CZH s {M{H Ëgm H s JB© Š`m|{H V~ VH CÝhm|Zo
Eå~wc¢g ~wcm cr Wr Omo CÝh| AñnVmc co JB©& ga gr.nr. H mo O~ nVm Mcm
Vmo do AË`ÝV naoemZ hþE Š`m|{H lr‘mVmOr Zo gaH ma {damoYr
Am§XmocZH m[a`m| H s ghm`Vm H s Wr Am¡a CZH s ajm H s Wr& gaH mar
A{YH mar hmoZo Ho H maU ga gr.nr. H mo gaH ma H s à{V{H« `m H s {MÝVm Wr
Š`m|{H CZH s nËZr Zo gaH ma {damoYr cmoJm| H s ghm`Vm H s Wr Am¡a CÝh|
~Mm`m Wm& CÝhm|Zo AnZo ^` H s MMm© O~ lr‘mVmOr go H s Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo
H hm {H CÝhm|Zo `h g~ AnZo ‘mZdr` ñd^md Ho H maU {H `m h¡& O~ do BZ
cmoJm| H s ghm`Vm H a ahr Wt Vmo CÝhm|Zo Bg ~mV H mo Zht gmoMm Wm {H nËZr
Ho ê n ‘| CZH s nXdr ‘aZo dmco O»‘r cmoJm| H s ghm`Vm go A{YH
‘hËdnyU© Wr& CZHo Bg H WZ Zo {ZpíMV ê n go ga gr.nr. Ho A§Xa gaH mar
A{YH mar H mo emÝV H a {X`m&
~å~B© ‘| O~ h‘ éHo hþE Wo Vmo ‘oao {nVmOr lr.{ha¡ (Mr.Hiray) Zm‘H
EH ‘§Ìr go {‘co& ‘§Ìr Or Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo nyU© gå‘mZ {X`m& ‘oao {nVmOr
CZHo nmg ‘m¡cmZm Aã~wc H cm‘ AmμOmX H s Hw amZ na H s JB© {Qßn{U`m| Ho
AZwdmX H s nwñVH H mo NmnZo Ho {cE gmYZ ImoOZo Ho {cE JE Wo& ‘oao
112
{nVmOr ‘m¡cmZm AmOmμX Ûmam {cIr JB© Hw amZ na {Qßn{U`m| H m AZwdmX H a
aho Wo& ‘m¡cmZm AmOmμX CZ {XZm| Ho ÝX«r` {ejm ‘§Ìr Wo& Hw amZ Ho Bg AZwdmX
H s àoaUm Ho nrNo ^r EH NmoQ r gr H hmZr h¡&
O¡gm nhco dU©Z {H `m Om MwH m h¡ {d^mOZ Ho ~mX Ho n[aUm‘m| Ho
’ cñdê n nm{H ñVmZ Am¡a ^maV ‘| ~hþV ~‹S o ñVa na OmVr` X§Jo ^‹S H CRo
Wo& nm{H ñVmZ ‘| ‘wgc‘mZ cmoJ dhm± go {ZH cH a ^maV AmZo dmco {hÝXwAm|
H m dY H a aho Wo Am¡a ~Xco Ho ê n ‘| ^maV ‘| {hÝXy cmoJ ‘wgc‘mZm| H s hË`m
H a aho Wo& BZ hË`mAm| Zo ‘oao {nVmOr H mo AË`ÝV JhZ ê n go ì`mHw c H a
{X`m& EH em‘ ‘oao {nVmOr Ho {’ amoμO emh amoS dmco Ka ‘| Hw N ‘wgc‘mZ ò
gmoMH a Kwg AmE {H ‘oao {nVmOr Zo {hÝXwAm| H mo dhm± {Nnm`m hþAm h¡& ‘oao
{nVmOr Zo CZHo H« moY H mo emÝV {H `m Am¡a CZgo nyN m do ò hË`mE§ Š`m| H a
aho h¢& ‘wgc‘mZm| Zo BgH m CÎma XoVo hþE H hm {H Bñcm‘ {damoYr cmoJm| H s
hË`mE§ H aZo go CÝh| OÝZV àmá hmoJr& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo O~ CZgo nyN m {H `h
JcV YmaUm CZ‘| H hm± go AmB© Vmo CÝhm|Zo H hm {H nmdZ Hw amZ ‘| `h {cIm
hþAm h¡& V~ ‘oao {nVmOr Zo CZgo nyN m {H Š`m CÝhm|Zo ñd`§ Hw amZ n‹T m h¡ `m do
‘m¡cdr Ho H hZo na `h Hw H¥ Ë` H a aho h¢ Vmo CÝhm|Zo CÎma {X`m {H Hw amZ Vmo
Aa~r ^mfm ‘| {cIr hþB© h¡ Am¡a nyam OrdZ ^maV ‘| ahZo dmco cmoJ Vmo CXy© ^r
nyar Vah go Zht OmZVo& ‘oao {nVmOr Zo CÝh| ~Vm`m {H CÝhm|Zo Hw amZ H mo n‹T m
h¡& Hw amZ ‘| {H gr àH ma H s hË`m Ho {df` ‘| Zht {cIm J`m Am¡a Omo Hw N do
H a aho h¢ dh CZH s AkmZVm go VWm ‘m¡c{d`m| na AÝY{dídmg Ho H maU h¡&
V~ CÝh| ‘hgyg hþAm {H Hw amZ H m {hÝXr ‘| AZwdmX H aHo ^maV Ho cmoJm| Ho
AkmZmÝYH ma H mo Xya H aZm CZH s {Oå‘oXmar h¡& V~ do ‘m¡cmZm AmOmμX go
{‘co {OÝhm|Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go H hm {H do CZH s Hw amZ na {cIr JB© {Qßn{U`m|
H m AZwdmX H a| Š`m|{H ò {Qßn{U`m± Bg g§H Q H s K‹S r ‘| ~hþV Cn`wŠV Am¡a
gm‘{`H h¢& Ho ÝX«r` Ag¡å~cr Ho gXñ` hmoZo Ho H maU AZwdmX H m`© Ho {cE
‘oao {nVmOr Ho nmg g‘` Z Wm& naÝVw df© 1952 ‘| O~ CÝh| MwZmd Ho {cE
{QH Q Zht {X`m J`m Vmo CÝhm|Zo AZwdmX H m`© H mo A{YH g‘` XoZo H m {ZU©`
{H `m& AZwdmX Ho {cE Š`m|{H Aa~r, CXy© Am¡a {hÝXr VrZm| ^mfmAm| Ho kmZ
H s Amdí`H Vm Wr Bg{cE CÝh| H moB© AÀNm ghm`H Z àmá hmo gH m&
113
CÝhm|Zo nyao AZwdmX H mo AnZo hmW go {cIZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& Hw amZ H s nyar
{Qßn{U`m| H m AZwdmX Xmo gm¡ n¥îR dmco Mmcrg a{OñQam| ‘| hþAm {OÝh| CÝhm|Zo
ñd`§ {cIm ò a{OñQa AmOH c lr‘mVmOr Ho nmg h¡& CXy© ^mfm ‘| ‘oar
àmapå^H Xrjm gå^dV: Bgr H hmZr go hþB© Š`m|{H ImZo H s ‘oμO na O~ h‘
~¡R Vo Vmo ~mVMrV H m {df` Hw amZ hr hmoVm&
lr.{ha¡ Zo Cg g‘` Ho CXy© nwñVH m| Ho ‘wÐH ‘¡gμO© VmO ~wH {Snmo Ho
Zm‘ n[aM` nÌ {X`m& VmO ~wH {Snmo go O~ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV {H `m J`m Vmo
CÝhm|Zo nwñVH H mo NmnZo ‘| Ag‘W©Vm OVmB© Š`m|{H CZHo nmg Aa~r ^mfm
H m QmBn Z Wm& Bg{cE ò nwñVH AmO ^r AZNnr h¡&
EZ.Ho .nr. Am¡a CZH s nËZr ^r ~å~B© ‘| ahVo Wo Am¡a A~ h‘ ^r dht
Am JE Wo& Bg{cE ò {ZU©` {H `m J`m {H ZmJnwa Ho Ka H mo ‘oao g~go ~‹S o
^mB© H mo gm¢nH a h‘ EZ.Ho .nr Ho gmW ahZo cJo& AV: h‘ O~ ~å~B© go
dm{ng AmE Vmo AnZm Ka Amem {dcm (ZB© H m°cmoZr, ZmJnwa) ‘| co AmE& Bg
Ka H m EH CnJ¥h ^r Wm {Og‘| VrZ H ‘ao Wo {OZ‘| h‘ ahZo cJo& lr‘mVmOr
H s ~‹S r ~oQ r H ënZm Zo ñWmZr` {~en H m°Q Z ñHy c ‘| àdoe {c`m Wm&
lr‘mVmOr ^r gmYZm Ho gmW ZmJnwa ñWmZm§V[aV hmo JB© Wt& {~J‹S Vo hþE
ñdmñÏ` Ho ~mdOyX ^r {nVmOr H mo Ý`m`mc` OmVo hþE XoIZm ‘oao {cE {MÝVm
H m H maU Wm Am¡a lr‘mVmOr {ZpíMV ê n go ‘oar {‘Ì Am¡a ‘mJ©Xe©H Wt&
‘wPo cJm {H AJco Mma nm±M dfm] VH {nVmOr na ~moP ~Zo ahZm C{MV Z
hmoJm& EZ.Ho .nr. H m ì`dhma ^r n[adma Ho à{V CËgmhOZH Z Wm& Bg{cE
‘¢Zo H moB© Zm¡H ar H a coZm C{MV g‘Pm& lr‘mVmOr Zo ga gr.nr. go ~mV H s
Am¡a ò {ZU©` {H `m J`m {H ‘¢ ‘M}ÝQ Zodr ‘| Mcm OmD §& ~å~B© ‘| ‘oam
gmjmËH ma hþAm Am¡a à{ejU Ho {cE H cH Îmm Ho g‘wÐr OhmO na OmZo H mo
H hm J`m& 30 {Xgå~a 1954 H mo ‘¢Zo n[adma H mo Am¡a AnZo {‘Ìm| H mo Z‘ñVo
H s Am¡a H cH Îmm Mcm J`m& ‘wPo dmînrH aU H ‘ao (Boiler Room) H s
XoI^mc H m H m‘ gm¢nm J`m& naÝVw cå~o g‘` VH X‘ KmoQy dmVmdaU ‘| ah
nmZm ‘wPo H {RZ cJm Am¡a ‘¢Zo H¡ ßQZ go àmW©Zm H s {H ‘wPo S¡ H na H m`© Xo
X|& naÝVw CÝhm|Zo BgHo {cE ‘Zm H a {X`m Am¡a ‘¢Zo dh H m`© Nmo‹S Zo H m {ZU©`
H a {c`m& ‘M}ÝQ Zodr go ‘oam ò ào‘ Ho dc VrZ {XZm| VH Mcm& Ho dc hm{Z
114
`hr hþB© {H H ‘u Xc ‘| H ‘r hþB©& ‘¢ ZmJnwa dm{ng Am`m Am¡a dm{UÁ` H m°coO
‘| nwZ: àdoe co {c`m& ‘oao AmZo go àmo’o gam| g‘oV g^r cmoJm| H mo àgÝZVm
hþB©& df© 1955 Ho OZdar ‘mh ‘| ‘oao {nVmOr Zo EH ‘wH X‘m {c`m {Og‘|
CÝh| gm‘y{hH hË`m Ho ~mah A{^`wŠVm| H s n¡adr H aZr Wr& {~J‹S o hþE
ñdmñÏ` Ho ~mdOyX ^r dmo Bg ‘wH X‘| H s V¡`mar ‘| cJo ahVo& em‘ Ho g‘` ‘¢
Am¡a ‘oar ~hZ e{e ~mar-~mar go CZHo n¡a Am¡a CZH s Qm§Jo X~mVo& AmR
’ adar Ho {XZ ajm dH sc Ho ê n ‘| AnZr ~hg g‘má H aHo ~war Vah go
WHo ‘m§Xo do Ka cm¡Q o& ‘oar narjm Š`m|{H g‘rn Am ahr Wr Am¡a ‘| amV H mo Xoa
VH n‹T Vm Wm Bg{cE ‘¢ CZH s ídmg H s ~oM¡Zr H mo gwZ gH m& ‘¢ CZHo nmg
J`m Am¡a Xmo VrZ ~ma CZgo nyN m {H CÝh| {H gr àH ma H s ghm`Vm Mm{hE?
naÝVw gm‘mÝ` ê n go CÝhm|Zo H hm {H gw~h VH dmo RrH hmo OmE§Jo& naÝVw
àmV:H mc CZH m XX© ~‹T J`m Wm Am¡a ò {ZU©` {H `m J`m {H CÝh| ‘o`mo
AñnVmc Ho gewëH dmS© ‘| ^Vu H am`m OmE& gewëH dmS© Imcr Z hmoZo Ho
H maU h‘Zo Cg g‘` Ho ñdmñÏ` ‘§Ìr lr.H ÝZ‘dma H mo Qo{c’ moZ {H `m
{OÝhm|Zo nmagr dmS© CncãY H am`m& ò dmS© gdm}Îm‘ Wm& O~ VH CÝh| co
Om`m J`m V~ VH ‘oao {nVmOr Xmo ~ma IyZ H s CëQr H a MwHo Wo& CZHo dhm±
^Vu hmoVo hr {g{dc gO©Z Sm°ŠQa CX²XZdmSo H a Ho ZoV¥Ëd ‘| Sm°ŠQam| H s EH
Qr‘ CZH s XoI^mc Ho {cE CnpñWV Wr& naÝVw BcmO ewé hmoZo VH
gå^dV: CZHo noQ H m Aëga ’ Q J`m Wm Am¡a do IyZ H s CpëQ`m± H aZo cJo
Wo& CZHo H îQ H mo H ‘ H aZo Ho {cE ‘oao {dMma go CÝh| ZtX H s Jmocr Xo Xr JB©
{OgHo H maU do gagm‘ (delirium) H s AdñWm ‘| Mco JE Am¡a gmar amV
AnZo {eH ma VWm ‘Ncr nH ‹S Zo Ho {XZm| Ho ~mao ‘| ~mocVo aho& nyar amV ‘¢
CZHo {~ñVa Ho nmg ~¡R m ahm& àmV:H mc Ho g‘mMma nÌ ‘| CZHo AñnVmc
‘| ^Vu hmoZo H m g‘mMma Nnm Wm Am¡a CZHo ~hþV go {‘Ìm| Am¡a àe§gH m| Zo
AñnVmc AmZm ewé H a {X`m& CZ {XZm| ‘| H mam| H mo gewëH dmS© VH AmZo
{X`m OmVm Wm& CÝh| XoIZo AmZo dmcm| H s g§»`m BVZr A{YH Wr {H
nyN VmN H j AË`ÝV ì`ñV hmo J`m& EH ~ma ‘¢ nyN VmN H j Ho nmg I‹S m
hþAm Wm Am¡a EH H ma AmH a éH s& Bggo nyd© H s H ma ‘¢ ~¡R o hþE cmoJ Hw N
nyN Vo H j ‘| {Z`wŠV ì`pŠV Zo {~Zm ò OmZo {H do ‘oao {nVmOr go {‘cZo AmE
^r h¢ `m Zht CÝh| nmagr dmS© H s Va’ Bemam H a {X`m& ‘§Ìr, Ý`m`mYre,
115
dH sc, pIcm‹S r, Am¡a ‘wdpŠH cm| Zo CÝh| XoIZo Ho {cE cmBZ cJm Xr Wr&
h‘Zo AnZr gmar ~hZm| H mo Vma ôO {XE Wo& Xmo ~hZ| ½dm{cà ‘| ahVr Wt
Bg{cE dmo A^r VH Z AmB© Wr& lr‘mVmOr ha g‘` CZHo {gamhZo Ho g‘rn
~Zr hþBª Wt& CÝhm|Zo h‘| ~Vm`m {H {nVmOr CÝh| AË`ÝV {XcMñn H mZyZr
‘wH X‘o gwZm aho Wo& 14 ’ adar Ho {XZ Sm.CX²XZdmSo H a Zo ‘oao {nVmOr Ho
Or{dV ahZo H s g^r AmemE§ Nmo‹S Xt Am¡a Š`m|{H do ‘oao {nVmOr Ho JhZ
àe§gH Wo CÝhm|Zo gcmh Xr {H CZHo OrdZ H m AÝV AñnVmc ‘| Zht hmoZm
Mm{hE& 15 VmarI H s àmV: h‘ CÝh| EZ.Ho .nr. Ho {Zdmg na co JE& Xg ~Oo
àmV: CZ‘| ñdñW hmoZo Ho {MÝh {XImB© {XE& lr‘mVmOr ha g‘` CZHo g‘rn
Wt& {nVmOr Zo CZH s M{yS‹ `m± Ny H a H hm, ""~mB© Š`m V‘w ‘P
w o Î
y m ‘ma XmJor?''
VwaÝV lr‘mVmOr Zo CZgo H hm {H Omo ^r dmo ImZm Mmh| ImE§& CÝhm|Zo
h‘| Sm°ŠQa CX²XZdmSo H a H mo ~wcmZo Ho {cE H hm& h‘Zo VwaÝV CÝh| ~wcm`m& do
h‘mao {nVmOr H mo amd gm{h~ H hH a ~wcm`m H aVo Wo& ò OmZZo Ho {cE {H
Š`m ‘oao {nVmOr H mo AñnVmc go EZ.Ho .nr Ho {Zdmg na AmZo H m kmZ h¡
(Š`m|{H A{YH Va g‘` do gagm‘ H s CÎmoOZm H s pñW{V ‘| Wo) Sm°ŠQa Zo
‘oao {nVmOr go nyN m {H do H hm± Wo? naÝVw CZHo CÎma go h‘ ^m¡MŠHo ah JE
Š`m|{H do gX¡d ghr ~mV {H `m H aVo Wo& `hm± VH {H gagm‘ {H pñW{V ‘|
^r CZH s ~mV| ~o{gan¡a H s Zht hmoVr Wt& Omo CÎma CÝhm|Zo {X`m CgH s Amem
{H gr Zo ^r Z H s Wr& CÝhm|Zo Sm°ŠQa H mo H hm {H do "dhm±' ñdJ© ‘| JE Wo
naÝVw dhm± CZ cmoJm| Zo H hm {H A^r CZHo nmg H moB© Sm°ŠQa Z Wm Bg{cE
CZHo dhm± nhþ±MZo ‘| Hw N g‘` cJoJm& ñnîQ ê n go CÝhm|Zo H hm Wm {H do
Xygao {díd ‘| JE Wo naÝVw dhm± CZH m ñdmJV H aZo Ho {cE A^r dmo cmoJ
V¡`ma Z Wo& 15 VmarI H s em‘ H mo CZHo gmao ~ÀMo CZHo Mhþ± Amoa EH Ì hmo
JE& CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr go nyN m {H Š`m Vw‘Zo VarH m ImoO {c`m h¡? dmo
gm‘y{hH AmË‘gmjmËH ma Ho {df` ‘| nyN aho Wo& Bg ~mV H mo h‘ ~hþV g‘`
~mX g‘P nmE& CÝhm|Zo g~H mo XoIm Am¡a {’ a ~ohmoer ‘| Mco JE Am¡a 17
VmarI H s àmV: H mc VH dmo Bg pñW{V ‘| aho& 17 ’ adar 1955 H mo
cJ^J gm‹T o Zm¡ ~Oo do ñdJ©cmoH Mco JE& ApÝV‘ g‘` na ‘¢ Am¡a ‘oam {‘Ì
CZHo {~ñVa Ho nmg Wo& lr‘mVmOr JwgcImZo ‘| Wt, O~ dmo ~mha AmBª Vmo
116
{nVmOr Ho àmU nIoê C‹S MwHo Wo& amVm|amV ‘oar ‘mVmOr Ho ~mc g’o X hmo JE
Wo& lr‘mVmOr, {OZH s Am±Im| go {H gr {Îmar H mo ^r XoIH a Am±gy P‹S Zo
cJVo Wo, Zo AnZm gmam gmhg ~Qmoam Am¡a A§{V‘ g§ñH ma H m à~ÝY H aZo ‘|
OwQ JBª& nhcr ~ma ‘¢Zo ‘m¡V H mo BVZo {ZH Q go XoIm Wm Am¡a ‘oao {cE ò g‘P
nmZm AË`ÝV JhZ gX‘m Wm {H {H g àH ma OrdZ go n[anyU© ì`pŠV EH X‘
OrdZhrZ hmo OmVm h¡&
A§{V‘ g§ñH ma em‘ Ho g‘` hmoZm {ZpíMV hþAm Am¡a ò g‘mMma ZJa ‘|
AmJ H s Vah go ’¡ b J`m& gmao Ý`m`mc`m| ‘|, CÀM Ý`m`mc` g‘oV, ò
{Z`‘ Wm {H {H gr ^r dH sc H s ‘¥Ë`w na Ý`m`mc` ~ÝX Z hm|Jo& naÝVw CÀM
Ý`m`mc` Ho Ý`m`mYrem| g{hV g^r Ý`m`mYre ‘oao {nVmOr H m BVZm gå‘mZ
H aVo Wo {H g^r Ý`m`mYre AmH pñ‘H AdH me coH a A§{V‘ g§ñH ma ‘|
gpå‘{cV hmoZo Ho {cE AmE&
H {~«ñVmZ EZ.Ho .nr. Ho {Zdmg ñWmZ go A{YH Xya Z Wm, Bg{cE
{ZU©` {c`m J`m {H Vm~yV H mo H ÝYm| na CRmH a co Om`m OmE& Ý`m`mYre,
‘ÝÌrJU Am¡a dH scm| ‘| Vm~yV H mo H ÝYm XoZo H s hmo‹S cJ JB© Wr&
gå‘mZZr` Eg.Qr.Zd{Jar, Omo MM© Ho nmXar hmoZo Ho gmW-gmW
n[adma Ho AÀNo {‘Ì ^r Wo, Zo X’ ZmZo H s Y‘©{H« `m H amB© Am¡a 17 ’ adar
1955 H mo ‘oao {nVmOr H m ‘¥V eara nyU© {dlm‘ Ho {cE gwcm {X`m J`m& Bg
ÌmgXr ‘| lr‘mVmOr VWm ‘oar ‘m± H m gmhg dU©Zr` Wm CÝhm|Zo AnZo Xw:I
H mo EH Amoa H aHo g^r ~ÀMm| VWm AÝ` emoH mHw c cmoJm| H mo Tm‹T g ~±Ym`m
Am¡a H hm {H h‘ g~H mo na‘mË‘m H s BÀNm Ho gå‘wI {ga PwH m XoZm Mm{hE&
AJco {XZ gm‘y{hH hË`m Ho ‘wH X‘o H m {ZU©` Am`m Am¡a g^r ~mah Ho
~mah A{^`wŠVm| H mo ~ar H a {X`m J`m& ò A{^`wŠV ‘oao {nVmOr H mo g‘mMma
XoZo Ho {cE AmE& naÝVw CÝh| nVm cJm {H CZH s ‘¥Ë`w hmo MwH s h¡& CÝhm|Zo
H hm {H Cg ì`pŠV Zo h‘mao ‘yë`hrZ OrdZ ~MmZo Ho {cE AnZm ~hþ‘yë`
OrdZ Imo {X`m h¡& CZH m OrdZ Z Ho dc CZHo VWm CZHo n[adma Am¡a amîQ´
Ho {cE ~hþ‘yë` Wm ~pëH `h Vmo nyar ‘mZd Om{V Ho {cE ‘yë`dmZ Wm&
117
AÜ`m`-6
1955 go 1963
‘oao {nVmOr H s ‘¥Ë`w Zo eZ¡:eZ¡: naÝVw {ZpíMV ê n go Ehgmg H adm`m

{H gwajm Ho {cE ‘oao {ga na H moB© gm`m Z Wm& dmo gm`m Mcm J`m Wm& nhcr
~ma ‘¢Zo ‘hgyg {H `m {H ‘¢ A~ AHo cm hÿ± Am¡a {~Zm {H gr H s ghm`Vm Am¡a
gh`moJ Ho ‘wPo ñd`§ H mo ~ZmZm h¡& ò pñW{V ‘oao {cE {~ëHw c ZB© Wr& A~ ‘¢
ñd`§ H mo AnZr ‘m± VWm Xmo A{ddm{hV ~hZm| Ho à{V ~hþV {Oå‘oXma ‘hgyg
H aZo cJm Wm& ‘oam AmMaU Am¡a X¥pîQH moU AMmZH n[ad{V©V hmo J`m Wm&
AmÝV[aH ê n go ‘¢ AË`ÝV pIÝZ Ed§ CXmg Wm Š`m|{H AnZr ‘m± VWm Xmo
~hZm| Ho à{V ào‘ Xem©Zo Ho {cE ‘oao nmg Am{W©H gmYZ Z Wo& ~mha go ‘¢ ò
Xem©Vm Wm {H A~ ^r ‘¢ V‹S H -^‹S H dmcm dhr {ZpíM¨V c‹S H m hÿ± naÝVw
AnZo AÝXa ‘¢Zo ~hþV ~‹S m n[adV©Z hmoVo hþE nm`m&
BZ n[apñW{V`m| ‘| ‘¢Zo df© 1956 ‘| dm{UÁ`-ñZmVH H s narjm Xr&
h‘Zo AnZm {Zdmg ñWmZ ~Xc {c`m Wm Am¡a ~mcm gm{h~, {OÝhm|Zo AnZr
dH mcV Amaå^ H a cr Wr, Zo Ka McmZo H s {Oå‘oXmar co cr& OZdar
1956 ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo CgH m {ddmh {dëgZ H m°coO ~å~B© H s EH c‹S H s
drZy XodYa go {ZpíMV {H `m Am¡a Aà¡c 1956 ‘| `h {ddmh gånÝZ hþAm&
{ddmh H m nyam à~ÝY, ^moOZì`dñWm go MM© H mo gOmZo Am¡a {Z‘§ÌU nÌ
{dV[aV H aZo H m gmam H m`©, ‘oao Am¡a ‘oao {‘Ìm| Ho {hñgo ‘| Am`m& H ‹S mHo H s
J‘u Wr& Vmn‘mZ 118 {SJ«r ’ °aZhmBQ, cJ^J 47 gopëg`g Wm& ‘¢Zo Bg
J‘u Ho H maU n{j`m| H mo ‘aH a no‹Sμ m| go {JaVo hþE XoIm& ‘¢Zo Am¡a ‘oao {‘Ìm| Zo
g^r gå~pÝY`m| ‘| {Z‘§ÌU nÌ {dV[aV {H E& lr‘mVmOr EH gámh `m Xg
{XZ nhco Am JBª Wt& CÝhm|Zo H m‘ H aZo dmcm| H m EH Xc ~Zm`m Š`m|{H CZ
{XZm| ^moOZ ì`dñWm Ho {cE noeoda agmoBE Z hmoVo Wo& Bg Xc ‘o§ ‘oao {‘Ì
Am¡a Hw N `wdm gå~ÝYr Wo& ‘wPo ^r Wmo‹S o go H m`© gm¡no JE Wo Š`mo§{H ‘wPo AnZo
^mB© H m eh~mcm (Best Man) ~ZZm Wm& {ddmhmoËgd em‘ H mo gm‹T o Mma ~Oo
Amaå^ hmoZm Wm naÝVw Cg {XZ Mma ~Oo VH ‘¢ AYyao H m`© nyU© H aZo H m
à`ËZ H a ahm Wm& BgHo níMmV² Ka OmH a VoμOr go ñZmZ H aHo , gyQ
118
nhZH a, AmYo KÊQo Ho g‘` ‘| MM© nhþ±M nmZm Agå^d Wm& n[aUm‘ñdê n
AmZo ‘| ‘wPo Xoar hþB© Am¡a H m‘McmD eh~mcm ~ZmZm n‹S m& Mma ~OH a
Mmcrg {‘ZQ na O~ ‘¢ MM© nhþ±Mm Vmo ‘oao XmoZm| ~‹S o ^mBª, gZr ^¡`m Am¡a
EZ.Ho .nr. Ûma na I‹S o Wo VWm EZ.Ho .nr. ‘wPo AË`ÝV H Rmoa X¥pîQ go XoI aho
Wo& gZr ^¡`m Zo EZ.Ho .nr. H mo emÝV {H `m Am¡a Bg àH ma ‘¢ CZHo H« moY go
~M nm`m& H m‘McmD eh~mco H mo hQmZo VWm eJwZ e{e ~mcm gm{h~ H mo
nH ‹S mZo Ho {cE ‘¢ g‘` na nhþ±M J`m Wm& {ddmh Ho ñdmJV g‘mamoh H m
Am`moOZ ZmJnwa Ho g§ñWm ‘¡XmZ ‘| {H `m J`m Wm Am¡a am{Ì^moO AZm¡nMm[aH
e¡cr (Buffet Style) ‘| Wm& ò e¡cr ZmJnwa g‘mO Ho {cE AË`ÝV ZB© Wr&
H moB© ^r ì`pŠV O~ ‘oμO na OmVm Vmo dh AnZr ngÝX H s MrμO Ho gå‘wI
I‹S m ahVm Wm Am¡a ò ng§X H s MrμO àm`: {~a`mZr hr Wr& Bg{cE ‘oao ~‹S m|
H mo, ZmJnwa Ho g§^«mÝV cmoJm| H mo dmñVd ‘| AmJo ~‹T Zo Ho {cE H hZm n‹S m& ‘wPo
Ý`m`mc` go grYo AmE dH scm| Ho H mco H moQ m| H s Oo~m| ‘| go QnH Vo hþE Ho H
XoIZo H m gm¡^m½` àmá hþAm& Bggo nVm Mcm {H CÝhm|Zo MwnHo go Ho H Ho
Qw H ‹S o Oo~ ‘| â {cE Wo& `h AË`ÝV ‘Zmoa§OH {ddmh Wm VWm ^{dî` ‘| hmoZo
dmco {ddmhm| Ho {cE {ejm ^r Wr& {OZ cmoJm| Zo ‘oao {nVmOr go n¡go CYma {cE
hþE Wo CZ‘| go ~hþVm| Zo AmH a ò YZ ‘oar ‘m± H mo cm¡Q m`m& g^r XwH mZXma
AË`ÝV gh`moJ H a aho Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo n`m©á ghm`Vm Xr&
{ddmh Ho níMmV² ‘¢ narjm n[aUm‘m| H s àVrjm H a ahm Wm naÝVw
EZ.Ho .nr Zo VwaÝV H m`© Ho {cE XâVa AmZo H mo H hm& n[aUm‘ñdê n ‘Yw
Omoer, í`m‘ OmoY Am¡a ‘¢ Aà¡c 1956 go ‘oao ^mB© Ho XâVa ‘| H m`© H aZo
cJ&o h‘| nÝXh« énò ‘hrZo H m gÝwXa dVoZ, EH ~agmVr H mQo , EH âyo aJ§ H m
Qmno, ~m[ae Ama¡ Yny go ~MZo Ho {cE, {X`m J`m& gmB{©H cm| na OmH a h‘| cI o m
narjU H aZm hmVom Wm Ama¡ ZmJnaw go ~mha cå~o Xma¡m| na ^r OmZm nS‹ Vm Wm&
EZ.Ho .nr. ~hþV H Rmoa A{YH mar h¢ Am¡a gX¡d CZH m ì`dhma H Rmoa
hmoVm Wm& NmoQ r go NmoQ r JcVr Ho {cE ^r dmo h‘| j‘m Z H aVo Wo& CZHo nmg
eãXm| H m {demc ^ÊSma Wm {Ogo do h‘ na, {deof ê n go ‘wP na V{ZH gm
^r Adga {‘cVo hr Cn`moJ H aVo& ‘wPo Eogm cJVm Wm ‘mZmo ‘oao gmW gm¡Vocm
ì`dhma {H `m Om ahm h¡& naÝVw ~mX ‘| ‘¢Zo ‘hgyg {H `m {H CZH m ò à{ejU
119
‘oao ^{dî` Ho OrdZ ‘| ‘oao {cE ~hþV Cn`moJr {gÕ hmoJm& lr‘mVmOr H s
CXmaVm Ho g§X^© ‘| ‘¢ `hm± ò dU©Z H aZm Mmhÿ±Jm {H dh (EZ.Ho .nr.) n¡go Ho
‘m‘co ‘| VWm n[adma Ho gXñ`m| Ho à{V ào‘ H s A{^ì`pŠV H aZo ‘| H§ Oyg
Wo& EH BVdma H mo O~ ‘¢ AnZo H m°coO Ho {cE ‘¡M Ioc ahm Wm Vmo ‘oam EH
d[aîR ‘¡XmZ ‘| Am`m Am¡a ‘wPgo H hm {H ‘¢ VwaÝV AnZo ^mB© Ho XâVa ‘|
nhþ§My§& ‘wPo ~hþV H« moY Am`m Am¡a ‘¢ Xmonha Ho ImZo Ho g‘` CZgo {‘cZo Ho
{cE J`m& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPgo nyN m {H ‘¢ XâVa ‘| Š`m| Zht Am`m? ‘¢Zo H hm {H
AmO BVdma h¡& dmo H hZo cJo "Vmo Š`m'? emgn{ÌV coImH mam| Ho {cE H moB©
BVdma Zht hmoVm& Bg àH ma ‘wPo {H« Ho Q H mo VWm AÝ` Am‘moX-à‘moXmo§ H mo,
{OZH m AmZÝX h‘ BVdma H mo {c`m H aVo Wo, Ac{dXm H hZr n‹S r&
df© 1957 H s dfm© G Vw ‘| ‘wPo AnZr ~hZ emÝVm~mB© Ho `hm± Ho ac
OmZm Wm ‘¢Zo hmc hr ‘| H mZyZ H s àW‘ df© H s narjm Xr Wr& n¢Vmcrg {XZ
Ho ac ‘| ahZo Ho níMmV² O~ ‘¢ cm¡Q m Vmo ‘wPo ~Vm`m J`m {H ‘¢Zo Ec.Ec.~r.
àW‘ df© H s narjm nmg H a cr h¡& Ec.Ec.~r. Ho ApÝV‘ df© ‘| ‘wPo H m°coO
H s hm°H s Qr‘ H m H ámZ ~Zm {X`m J`m `Ú{n OrdZ ‘| ‘¢Zo H ^r hm°H s Z
Iocr Wr! ‘wPo hm°H s H m H ámZ ~Zm`m OmZo H m EH hr CÔoí` Wm {H hm°H s Ho
{cE {ZYm©[aV {H E JE 1100 énò H s aH ‘ H m Cn`moJ H a {c`m OmE& AV:
ha gw~h ‘¢ {^ÝZ ‘hm{dÚmc`m| go ‘¡Ìr ‘¡Mm| H m Am`moOZ H aVm Am¡a
pIcm{‹S `m| H mo ò àcmo^Z XoVm {H ‘¡M g‘má hmoZo Ho níMmV² XmoZm| Qr‘m| H mo
{Z:ewëH OcnmZ {X`m OmEJm& `hm± ‘¢ ò ~VmZm ^yc J`m hÿ± {H df© 1955-
56 ‘| ‘wPo AnZo dm{UÁ` ‘hm{dÚmc` H s {H« Ho Q Qr‘ H m H ámZ ~Zm {X`m
J`m Am¡a ‘¢ ~¡S {‘ÝQZ H s Qr‘ H m ^r H ámZ Wm& ‘oar H ámZr H mo ‘oao àe§gH mo|o
Zo Omoa-emoa go ‘Zm`m Am¡a ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘oao {‘Ìm| Zo ‘wPo EH {H« Ho Q Qmonr
^r ^|Q H s Wr& lr‘mVmOr, Omo {H àm`: ZmJnwa Am`m H aVr Wt, CÝh| ‘oar BZ
NmoQ r-NmoQ r CncpãY`m| na ~hþV Jd© hmoVm Wm&
df© 1958 ‘| ga gr.nr. {X„r dm{ng Mco JE Wo Am¡a cmc ~hmXwa
emñÌr Ho gmW H m`©aV Wo& emñÌr Or CZ {XZm| dm{UÁ` ‘§Ìr Wo& Zdå~a
1958 ‘| emgn{ÌV coImH a ‘mÜ`{‘H narjm (C.A.Intermediate Exam)
XoZo Ho {cE ‘¢ {X„r J`m& ñnîQ ~mV Wr {H ‘¢ lr‘mVmOr Ho `hm± hr Rham&
120
CÝhm|Zo H ënZm Am¡a gmYZm H mo {hXm`V Xr {H O~ VH ‘oar narjm g‘má Z
hmo OmE dmo ‘wPo naoemZ Z H a|& O~ ‘¢ {X„r ‘| Wm Vmo Cg g‘` K{QV EH
amoMH H hmZr ‘¢ gwZmZm Mmhÿ±Jm&
EH em‘ H mo cIZD go AmE EH gÁOZ Zo XadmOm IQIQm`m Am¡a
H hm {H ~MnZ go hr dh ga gr.nr. Ho {‘Ì h¡& CgZo ~Vm`m {H dh EH
Sm°ŠQa h¡ VWm ‘co[a`m H s EH JmoîRr ‘| ^mJ coZo Ho {cE dh {X„r Am`m h¡&
‘co[a`m eãX H m CÀMmaU dh "‘cm{d`m' H aVm Wm Š`m|{H Aja "a' dh Z
~moc nmVm Wm& CgZo VrZ `m Mma {XZ VH lr‘mVmOr Ho Ka na ahZo H s
BÀNm ì`ŠV H s& A~ VH lr‘mVmOr Eogo cmoJm| H m ñdmJV H aZo H s AmXr hmo
MwH s Wt Omo ñd`§ H mo ga gr.nr. H m gå~ÝYr Am¡a {‘Ì ~VmVo Am¡a gX¡d {~Zm
{H gr nyd© gyMZm Ho Am Y‘H Vo& lr‘mVmOr g^r H m AË`ÝV ñZohnyd©H
gËH ma H aVt& Cg em‘ H mo ^moOZ H s ‘oO na lr‘mVmOr Zo Cg Sm°ŠQa H mo
AnZr ì`Wm Am¡a H {RZmB© Ho {df` ‘| ~Vm`m Am¡a OmZ-~yPH a Bg ~mV H s
Amoa Bemam {H `m {H dh {~Zm {H gr nyd© gyMZm Ho Am Y‘H m h¡& naÝVw
Sm°ŠQa Zo CZHo Bemao H mo g‘Po {~Zm {~ëHw c {^ÝZ Vah go à{V{H« `m H s&
CgZo lr‘mVmOr go H hm {H dh CÝh| {dídmg {XcmVm h¡ {H O~ VH dh dhm±
h¡ H moB© ^r ì`pŠV {~Zm nyd© gyMZm Ho CZHo Ka ‘| Zht AmEJm&
ga gr.nr. H m Xw^m©½` Wm {H do Cgr amV AmYr amV Ho níMmV² {dXoe go
cm¡Q o& CÝhm|Zo XadmOm IQIQm`m Am¡a dh Sm°ŠQa Omo {H ~¡R H ‘| gmo`m Wm
CgZo CRH a XadmOm Imocm Am¡a ga gr.nr. H mo nyao gm‘mZ Ho gmW AnZo
{~ñVa VH nhþ±MZo Ho {cE CÚV I‹S o XoIm& Sm°ŠQa {OgZo ò H g‘ ImB© Wr
{H dh {~Zm nyd© gyMZm {XE AmZo dmco {H gr ^r ‘oh‘mZ H mo AÝXa AmZo H s
Amkm Z XoJm, AMmZH ga gr.nr. na PnQ n‹S m Am¡a CÝh| cIZD go Am`m
H moB© gå~ÝYr ‘mZH a CZna {M„mZo cJm& Sm°ŠQa H m ^mfU éH Zo ‘o§ hr Z
Am ahm Wm Am¡a ~oMmao ga gr.nr. H mo `h ~VmZo H m Adga ^r Zht {‘c nm
ahm Wm {H do H m¡Z h¢& ga gr.nr. nyar Vah go WH MwHo Wo& CÝhm|Zo Cgo H hm
{H dh lr‘Vr lrdmñVd H mo OJmE& Bg‘| SmŠQa H mo Am¡a A{YH Jwñgm M‹T
J`m Am¡a CgZo Am¡a A{YH ~cnyd©H AnZm ^mfU ewé H a {X`m& H hZo cJm
{H do BVZr ^cr Am¡a ñZoh‘` ì`pŠV h¢ {H dmo Hw N ^r Z H h|Jr& CgZo BVZm
121
emoa ‘Mm`m {H gmam Ka OmJ J`m Am¡a O~ lr‘mVmOr ~mha AmBª Vmo CÝhm|Zo
XoIm {H ga gr.nr. AnZo Ka Ho ~mha I‹S o Wo& V~ CÝhm|Zo Sm°ŠQa H mo ~Vm`m
{H dh Ka Ho ‘m{cH H mo AÝXa AmZo go amoH ahm h¡& O¡gm Am‘Vm¡a na hmoVm
Wm, ga gr.nr. Zo Cgo j‘m H a {X`m Am¡a ~mX ‘o§ lr‘mVmOr Ho gå‘wI
ñdrH ma {H `m {H do Cg Sm°ŠQa H mo {~ëHw c ^r Z OmZVo Wo& Bg ~mV H mo
coH a H B© ~ma h‘ ga gr.nr. H mo No‹S m H aVo Wo&
df© 1959-1960 ‘oao {cE AË`ÝV ì`ñV g‘` Wm& ‘wPo Z Ho dc
Xya-Xya Xm¡am| Ho {cE OmZm hmoVm Wm ~pëH Bg g‘` ‘| ‘wPo AnZr ~hZ e{e
Ho {ddmh ‘| gpå‘{cV hmoZo Ho {cE ½dm{cà ^r OmZm n‹S m& Bg g‘` ‘| ‘¢Zo
gr.E. H s ‘mÜ`{‘H narjm CÎmrU© H a cr Wr Am¡a ApÝV‘ narjm H s V¡`mar
‘| cJ J`m Wm& gr.E. narjm Ho {cE Š`m|{H ZmJnwa ‘| Ho ÝÐ Z Wm Bg{cE ‘wPo
~å~B© `m {X„r ‘| go EH ñWmZ ‘| M`Z H aZm Wm& lr‘mVmOr Š`m|{H ~å~B©
‘| hmoVr Wt `m {X„r ‘|, narjm H s Nw {Å`m| ‘| ‘¢ CZHo `hm± Om`m H aVm Wm&
H ënZm, gmYZm VWm CZHo Ka na éHo AÝ` ‘oh‘mZm| H mo Bg ~mV H s H Rmoa
{hXm`V Wr {H ‘wPo AÜ``Z Ho g‘` naoemZ Z {H `m OmE& AmYr amV Ho
g‘` ‘oar Mm` nrZo H s AmXV Wr Am¡a lr‘mVmOr ñd`§ ‘oao {cE ò Mm`
~ZmVt& {XZM`m© Bg àH ma Wr {H H ënZm Am¡a gmYZm H mo gwcmZo Ho níMmV²
do ‘oao {ga H s AÀNr Vah go ‘m{ce H aVt& dmo h‘oem ‘wPgo H hVt {H ‘oao
{ga go ~hþV J‘u {ZH c ahr h¡ Am¡a ‘¢ CÝh| H hVm {H ò gmar J‘u gr.E. H s
n‹T mB© H s h¡& cJ^J EH KÊQm ‘oao {ga H s ‘m{ce H aZo Ho níMmV² do OmVt
Am¡a J‘m©J‘© Mm` ‘wPo ~ZmH a XoVt&
narjm Ho níMmV² dmo ‘wPo Hw N {XZm| Ho {cE AnZo nmg amoH Vt Am¡a
gwà{gÕ g§JrVH mam| H s JmopîR`m| ‘| ‘wPo co OmVt& gya-Jm`H -g§gX ^maV
H s EH gwà{gÕ gm§ñH¥ {VH g§ñWm H s CnmÜ`j hmoZo Ho gmW-gmW do ~å~B©
Ho g§JrV Šb~ H s gXñ`m ^r Wt Am¡a CÝh| ~hþV gr g§JmopîR`m| ‘| Am‘§{ÌV
{H `m OmVm Wm& CZHo gmW OmH a ‘wPo ^r {~pñ‘„mh I±m, A‘ra Im±,
^r‘gZo Omeor, {ed Hw ‘ma e‘m,© {dcm`V Im± Am{X Og ¡ o ‘hmZ H cmH mam| H mo
gZwZo H m gm^¡m½` àmá hA þ m& OarZ Xmê dmcm H s EH gJ§mîoRr ‘| CnpñWV hmZoo
H m Adga ‘P w o àmá hA
þ m {OÝh| lr‘mVmOr à{V^m gånÝZ ~mcH H hm H aVr Wt&
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BÝhmZ|o ~mX ‘| lr‘mVmOr Ho 75 d| OÝ‘{Xdg g‘mamho na CZHo gå‘I w
gamXodmXZ {H `m& df© 1960 ‘| ‘Z¢o AnZr {d{Y narjm ^r CÎmrU© H a cr&
‘B© 1961 ‘| ‘¢Zo gr.E. ApÝV‘ df© J«wn Xmo H s narjm Xr& naÝVw Bg ~ma
‘¢ nyZm go narjm ‘| ~¡R m Š`m|{H ‘oao g^r {‘Ì nyZm Om`m H aVo Wo& Cg g‘`
nyZm AË`ÝV gwÝXa VWm ñdÀN ZJa hþAm H aVm Wm& `h ~mV I‹S H dmgcm
Ho g‘rn pñWV nmZeoV ~m±Y go nyd© H s h¡ Omo ì`dhm[aH ê n go AmYo nyZm
ZJa H mo ~hm co J`m& {Xgå~a 1961 ‘| ‘oar VrZ ~hZ| H ënZm Am¡a gmYZm
Ho gmW {H« g‘g ‘ZmZo Ho {cE ‘oao nmg AmBª hþBª Wr& ‘oao nmg Ho dc EH
H ‘am Wm {Og‘| CZ g~H mo RhamZm Wm& ‘¢Zo H ‘ao Ho Mma H moZm| ‘| go VrZ
AnZr ~hZm| VWm Mm¡Wm H ënZm Am¡a gmYZm H mo Xo {X`m VWm ñd`§ ~rM ‘|
gmoVm& ò {H« g‘g AË`ÝV ^r‹S -^m‹S dmcm Vmo Wm naÝVw AmZÝXXm`r Wm&
{H« g‘g Ho ~mX O~ g^r cmoJ Mco JE Vmo e{e Am¡a BÝXw H mo Nmo‹S Zo Ho {cE
‘wPo H cH Îmm OmZm n‹S m naÝVw ‘¢ VwaÝV dm{ng cm¡Q Am`m Š`m|{H ‘wPo gr.E.
narjm H s ApÝV‘ V¡`mar H aZr Wr& em‘ H mo AmR ~Oo OëXr ^moOZ H aZo Ho
~mX ‘¢ AnZr n‹T mB© ewé H aVm Am¡a gw~h Mma ~Oo VH n‹T Vm Š`m|{H amV H m
ò g‘` AË`ÝV emÝV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ‘¢ {~Zm {H gr ~mYm Ho n‹T gH Vm Wm&
EH amV O~ ‘¢ AnZr n‹T mB© ‘| JhZVm nyd©H cJm hþAm Wm, ‘¢Zo XoIm {H
‘oar ‘m± H ‘ao Ho XadmOo Ho gm‘Zo I‹S r h¢& ‘¢Zo K‹S r H s Amoa XoIm, àmV: TmB©
Ho ~Oo Wo& Cg g‘` CÝh| dhm± XoIH a ‘wPo ~hþV h¡amZr hþB©& ò gmoMH a {H
em`X CÝh| ‘oar Amdí`H Vm h¡, ‘¢Zo CZgo nyN m {H Š`m CÝh| Hw N Mm{hE?
‘wñH amH a CÝhm|Zo CÎma {X`m {H CÝh| Hw N Zht Mm{hE, gmW hr CÝhm|Zo ò ^r
H hm {H do ‘wPo ~VmZm MmhVr Wt {H AnZr n‹T mB© na n[al‘ Omo ‘¢ H a ahm hÿ±
Cggo dmo ~hþV à^m{dV Wt Am¡a {díd â ‘| ‘oam Zm‘ hmoJm& ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H
em`X do AmYr ZtX ‘| ñdßZ co ahr h¢& Bg{cE ‘¢Zo CZgo H hm {H do OmH a
gmo OmE§ Š`m|{H Omo ^r dmo ‘wPo H hZm MmhVr h¢ dmo gw~h VH àVrjm H a
gH Vm h¡& naÝVw CÝhm|Zo Bg ~mV na ~c {X`m {H Omo ^r CÝhm|Zo H hZm h¡ dmo
AJcr gw~h H s Anojm do A^r H ho§Jr& ‘¢Zo CÝh| gmo OmZo Ho {cE gh‘V H a
{c`m& naÝVw O~ ‘¢ AHo cm hþAm Vmo ‘¢Zo CZH s ~mVm| na {dMma {H `m, {deof
ê n go Š`m|{H {Z`‘mZwgma ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo H ^r ^r AnZo ~ÀMm| H s `mo½`Vm
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na CZH s àe§gm Z H s Wr& CZHo AZwgma ~ÀMm| H s àe§gm H aZm CÝh| Bg
àH ma {~Jm‹S Zm h¡ {Oggo dmo H ^r Zht C~a gH Vo& Bg{cE ‘¢ AmíM`©M{H V
Wm `m ‘¢ H hÿ± {H CZH s àe§gm H mo gwZH a ‘¢ hVà^ Wm& ò gmoMH a {H
gå^dV: CÝhm|Zo H moB© ñdßZ XoIm h¡ Am¡a Omo ^r Hw N dmo H h ahr h¢ CZH m
H moB© AW© Zht h¡, ‘¢Zo CZH s ~mVm| H mo AZXoIm H a {X`m& ~hþV df© CnamÝV
‘¢Zo `h KQZm lr‘mVmOr H mo gwZmB©& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H EH à{gÕ g‘«mkr Ho
Zm‘ na ‘oar ‘m± H m Zm‘ H moZu{c`m aIm J`m Wm& ‘oar ‘m± H s Vah go Cg
g‘«mkr Ho ^r gmV ~ÀMo Wo& naÝVw CZ‘| go Xmo {d»`mV hþE& Bg{cE
lr‘mVmOr H h ahr Wt {H CZHo A{V[aŠV ‘¢ hr {díd{d»`mV hÿ±Jm, Š`m|{H
AÝVa-amîQ´ r` ñVa na cmoJ ‘wPo OmZVo h¢&
EZ.Ho .nr. Ho ~§Jco ‘| Xmo H ‘ao ‘oao nmg Wo& EH H ‘am ‘oar ‘m± H mo {X`m
J`m Wm Am¡a EH ‘wPo& XâVa ‘| ‘wPo Xoa VH H m`© H aZm hmoVm Wm,
n[aUm‘ñdê n {‘Ìm| go {‘cZm `m gm‘m{OH J{V{d{Y`m± ‘oar gm‘Ï`© go ~mha
H s MrμO Wr& H m°’ s hmD g, Omo ‘oao g^r {‘Ìm| H m gm§`H mcrZ {‘cZ ñWc
Wm, ‘oao {Zdmg go Wmo‹S r gr Xyar na Wm& CÝh| Z {‘c nmZo na ‘wPo ~hþV {Zamem
hmoVr Am¡a O~-O~ ^r ‘¢ CZgo {‘cVm Vmo CZ na {M„mVm {H ‘oar Vah go
AnZm OrdZ g§dmaZo Ho ñWmZ na do AnZm g‘` ~~m©X H a aho h¢& ’ cV: ‘oao
Hw N {‘Ì AÜ``Z Ho {cE ‘oao H ‘ao na AmZo cJo& `Ú{n dmo {^ÝZ noem| VWm
n‹T mB© Ho AÜ``Z ‘| cJo hþE Wo, amV Ho g‘` Mm` H m H n g~H m gm‘mÝ`
AmYma Wm& Mm` XoZo go nhco g~H mo CZHo H m`© gm¢no OmVo Wo& EH ì`pŠV
H n-ßboQ | YmoVm, Xygam ñQmod OcmVm, Vrgam nmZr C~mcVm Am¡a ‘oam H m`©
XyY Am¡a nÎmr SmcZm hmoVm Wm& gm‘y{hH Vm ‘| `h g~ H m`© ~‹S m AmZÝXXm`r
hmoVm Wm& AmO ^r O~ dmo {‘Ì {‘cVo h¢ Vmo AmYr am{Ì Ho g‘` {nE JE CZ
Mm` Ho ß`mcm| H mo `mX H aVo h¢&
‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘¢Zo ga gr.nr. go narjmAm| ‘| CZH s g’ cVm H m amμO
nyN m Wm& CÝhm|Zo H hm Wm {H narjH H mo YmoIm XoZo H m à`ËZ H aZm ~hþV hr
^`mZH ~mV h¡& AV: `{X AmnH mo {df` H m kmZ Zht h¡ `m àíZ H m CÎma
AmnH mo Zht AmVm Vmo AÀNm hmoJm {H Amn CgH m CÎma Z X| Š`m|{H Eogm
H aZo go narjH Ho ‘pñVîH ‘| AmnHo {cE nyd© YmaUm ~Z gH Vr h¡ Am¡a Cg
124
nyd© YmaUm Ho AmYma na dmo AmnHo AÝ` àíZm| H mo ^r Om±MoJm& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ò
^r ~Vm`m Wm {H àíZm| H m CÎma XoVo hþE AmnH mo narjH H mo ò Ehgmg
H admZm h¡ {H Amn Omo {cI aho h¢§ Cggo H ht A{YH OmZVo h¢ naÝVw g‘`
H s H ‘r Ho H maU {cI Zht nm aho& ‘oao {cE `h {ejm Wr Am¡a narjmnÌ
{cIVo hþE ‘¢Zo Bgo ì`dhm[aH ê n {X`m&
‘B© 1962 ‘| ‘¢Zo gr.E. H s ApÝV‘ narjm Xr& CZ {XZm| lr‘mVmOr
~å~B© Ho OrdZÁ`moV ‘| ah aho Wo& CZH s ~o{Q`m| go ‘wPo ~hþV ào‘ Wm& do ~hþV
‘Zmoa§OZ H aZo dmcr Wt& lr‘mVmOr Zo CÝh| lram‘, lrH¥ îU, lr B©gm ‘grh
H s ~hþV gr H hm{Z`m± gwZmBª Wt& CÝh| nm¡am{UH {’ ë‘m| Ho A{V[aŠV H moB©
{’ ë‘| ngÝX Z Wt& dmo h‘| H hm H aVr Wt {H h‘| JÝXr {’ ë‘| Zht XoIZr
Mm{hE§& CÝh| g^r Xodr-XodVmAm| H m kmZ Wm& ga gr.nr. H m àm`: EH ñWmZ
go Xygao ñWmZ na V~mXcm hmoVo ahZo Ho H maU CÝh| H mÝdoÝQ ‘| n‹T Zm n‹T m&
gyIo ‘w±h H s gmpÜd`m| (Dry Faced Nuns) go CÝh| K¥Um Wr& ~mX ‘| do AnZo
ñHy c Ho nmg ^r Z OmVr Wt& dmo ‘wPo ~Vm`m H aVr Wt {H ò gmpÜd`m± {H VZr
H«y a ‘{hcmE± hmoVr h¢& XmoZm| c‹S {H `m± ‘oYmdr NmÌmE§ Wr&
ApÝV‘ narjm Ho {cE ‘¢ ^cr-^m§{V V¡`ma Wm Am¡a coIm H m nhcm
àíZ nÌ XoIH a ‘¢ AË`ÝV àgÝZ hþAm Š`m|{H BgHo g^r àíZ ‘wPo AmVo
Wo& nhcm àíZ H aZo Ho ~mX, {Og‘| ‘wPo Vrg {‘ZQ cJo, A§Jw{c`m| H mo
V{ZH gm Amam‘ XoZo Ho {cE ‘¢Zo n¡Z ZrMo aIm naÝVw ‘oar A§Jw{c`m± hr grYr
Z hþBª& jU â Ho {cE ‘wPo Eogm cJm {H ‘wPo njmKmV hmo J`m h¡& ‘¢Zo AnZr
A§Jw{c`m± ’¡ bmBª Omo {H nyar Vah gmo MwH s Wt& ‘wPo ngrZo Am JE Š`m|{H ‘wPo
Eogm cJm {H A~ narjm nÌ Zht {cI gHy §Jm& {ZarjH AË`ÝV X`mcw Wo
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo gcmh Xr {H ‘¢ ~mha OmH a AnZm ‘w±h Ymo cy§ Am¡a Ohm± VH
hmo gHo àíZ nÌ hc H aZo H m à`mg H ê §& ‘¢Zo CgH s gcmh ‘mZr, ~mha
OmH a AÀNr Vah go ‘w±h Ymo`m& A~ VH ‘oar A§Jw{c`m| ‘| nwZ: aŠV g§Mma
hmoZo cJm Wm, naÝVw gm‘mÝ` pñW{V ‘| A§Jw{c`m| H mo cmZo ‘| ‘oao 20 H s‘Vr
{‘ZQ ~~m©X hmo MwHo Wo& n[aUm‘ ñdén 100 Zå~a Ho àíZ nÌ ‘| go ‘¢ Ho dc
75 Zå~a Ho hr àíZ hc H a gH m& AË`ÝV {Zame hmoH a ‘¢ narjm H j ‘| go
{ZH cm Š`m|{H coIm nÌ ‘oam ‘ZMmhm {df` Wm& lr‘mVmOr ‘oar Bg {Zamem
125
H mo XoI nmBª Am¡a ga gr.nr. H mo ^moOZ XoZo Ho ~mX do ‘oao H ‘ao ‘| AmBª Am¡a
nÀMrg Zå~am| H m àíZnÌ hc Z H a nmZo H s ‘oar nyar H hmZr H mo gwZm&
CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo gcmh Xr {H ~rVr hþB© ~mVm| H mo ^yc OmD § Am¡a ~mH s H s narjmE§
Bg àH ma go Xy± ‘mZmo `h ‘oao {cE ApÝV‘ Adga hmo& nhco Vmo ‘¢Zo narjm
Nmo‹S Zo H s ~mV gmoMr naÝVw eZ¡:eZ¡: ‘wPo CZH s gcmh H m {ddoH ‘hgyg
hþAm Am¡a Or-OmZ go narjm go c‹S Zo H m X¥pîQH moU ~ZmH a nyar VmH V go
‘¢Zo narjm Xr& naÝVw ‘wPo nyam {dídmg Wm {H ‘¢ Ag’ c hmo OmD §Jm Š`m|{H
CZ {XZm| gr.E. H s narjm Ho n[aUm‘ Xmo `m VrZ à{VeV hr hþAm H aVo Wo& ‘¢
ZmJnwa dm{ng Am`m Am¡a Zdå~a H s narjm H s V¡`mar ewé H a Xr& AnZr
Ag’ cVm Ho {df` ‘| ‘¢ BVZm {dídñV Wm {H ‘¢ AnZo n[aUm‘ XoIZo Ho
{cE ^r Zht J`m& EH gm`§ O~ ‘¢ AnZo {H gr ‘wdpŠH c H m VwcZ-nÌ XoI
ahm Wm Vmo ‘oao EH {‘Ì Zo ‘wPo Qo{c’ moZ na ~Vm`m {H ‘¢Zo narjm nmg H a cr
h¡& Jmcr XoVo hþE ‘¢Zo Cgo H hm {H ‘wPo Eogo ‘μOmH ngÝX Zht h¢& CgHo ~mX
‘wPo AÝ` {‘Ìm| Ho ^r ’ moZ AmZo cJo& naÝVw ‘¢Zo {H gr na ^r {dídmg Zht
{H `m& V^r ‘oao ^mB© H m ’ moZ Am`m, naÝVw ‘wPo Vg„r Zht hþB©& ‘¢ ñd`§
g‘mMma nÌ Ho XâVa J`m Am¡a AnZm n[aUm‘ VrZ-Mma ~ma ñd`§ XoIm& V~
‘wPo {dídmg hþAm {H ‘¢ nmg hmo J`m hÿ±& AÝVV: ‘¢Zo gr.E. narjm H s nd©Vr`
MmoQ r na AmamohU H a {c`m Wm& naÝVw ‘oar ò g’ cVm ‘w»`V: lr‘mVmOr H s
àoaUmË‘H {ejm Ho H maU Wr& nyao Xoe ‘| EH hOma go ^r A{YH narjm{W©`m|
‘| go Ho dc V¢Vrg H mo g’ c Kmo{fV {H `m J`m Wm Am¡a h‘mar {ejUg§ñWm
Ûmam ~ZmE JE {Z`‘m| Ho AZwgma ò AË`ÝV CXma n[aUm‘ Wo&
df© 1961 ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo cIZD Ho {Zamcm ZJa ‘| Ka ~ZmZm Amaå^
{H `m& V~ VH ‘aoo n[aUm‘ Km{ofV hmo MHwo W&o CÝh| gJ§‘a‘a H s Amdí`H Vm Wr,
Bg{cE CÝhmZ|o ‘P w o Q{oc’ mZo {H `m {H gJ§‘a‘a IarXZo Ho {cE dmo O~cnaw Am
aht h¢ Ama¡ ‘¢ CÝh| O~cnaw {‘c&§y O~cnaw Ho AmYo amñVo ‘| {g`mZ|r Ho EH
‘hm{dÚmc` ‘| h‘Zo EH cI o m-narjU H aZm Wm& ‘¢ dhm± J`m Ama¡ cI o m-
narjU H aHo g‘` na lr‘mVmOr H m ñdmJV H aZo Ho {cE O~cnaw nhM±þm&
gJ§‘a‘a IarXZo Ho ~mX, Omo {H ^mar ‘mÌm ‘| Wm, h‘ AnZr MMaor ~hZ go
{‘cZo JE& CgH s ~Qo r AmMm`© aOZre H s {eî`m Wr Omo ~mX ‘| ^JdmZ aOZre
126
`m Ameomo H hcmE& AmMm`© aOZre ñWmZr` am~oQg © Z H mc ° O
o ‘| àm’oo ga Wm Ama¡
AmÜ`mpË‘H àdMZ {X`m H aVm Wm& AmÜ`mpË‘H Vm ‘| lr‘mVmOr H m PHw md
XIo Vo hEþ ‘aor ~hZ Zo lr‘mVmOr H s AmMm`© aOZre go ^Q| H m à~ÝY {H `m&
AmMm`© aOZre Zo O~ lr‘mVmOr H mo XI o m Vmo XmZom| ~mOy CRmH a ò H hVo hEþ
lr‘mVmOr H s Amao XmS‹¡ m, ""Amho ‘m,± Am{X epŠV, ‘¢ Amngo {‘cZo Ho {cE BVZo
g‘` go àVrjm H a ahm Wm, AmO ‘aom ñdßZ gmH ma hmo J`m h&¡'' Eg o m H hH a dh
lr‘mVmOr Ho MaU H ‘cm| ‘| gmîQmJ§ cQo J`m& Bg gmar KQZm Ho ‘,¢ ‘aor ~hZ
Ama¡ CZH s ~Qo r gmjmV gmjr W&o ~mX ‘| BÝht AmMm`© aOZre Zo ZmaJmc o ‘| EH
JmîoRr H aZr Wr {Og‘| nmM± ‘B© 1970 H mo lr‘mVmOr Zo AnZm àH QrH aU H aZo
H m {ZU`© {H `m& dh ~hVþ BÀNw H Wm {H lr‘mVmOr Bg JmîoRr ‘| ^mJ c&|
lr‘mVmOr OmZm Zht MmhVr Wt naÝVw ga gr.nr. Zo CZHo {cE AcJ go EH Ka,
H ma d agmBoò H m à~ÝY {H `m Ama¡ do ga gr.nr. Ho X~md ‘| ZmaJmc o JBª Š`m{|H
aOZre ~ma-~ma ga gr.nr. H mo ’ mZo H a ahm Wm&
AnZo noeo Am¡a narjmAm| ‘| AË`ÝV ì`ñV hmoZo Ho H maU ‘wPo Eogm cJm
{H ‘¢Zo AnZr ‘m± H s Cnojm H a Xr h¡& `Ú{n amoO em‘ H mo ‘¢ CZHo nmg
~¡R Vm Am¡a n[adma Ho B{Vhmg Ho {df` ‘| CZgo grIVm& ~hþV gr KQZmE§
{OZH m dU©Z ‘¢Zo Bg nwñVH ‘| {H `m h¡, ò ‘oao AnZr ‘mVmOr Ho gmW
à{V{XZ EH KÊQm ~¡R Zo H m n[aUm‘ h¡& A~ ‘¢ ñdV§Ì ê n go AnZm hr XâVa
O‘mZm MmhVm Wm Š`m|{H ‘oar BÀNm Wr {H ‘¢ {H gr ^r Vah go AnZo ^mB© na
{Z^©a Z ahÿ§& AnZm à{VîRmZ McmZo Ho {cE Š`m|{H Ka ‘| EH ‘{hcm H m
hmoZm Amdí`H Wm Bg{cE ‘¢Zo {ZU©` {H `m {H erK«m{VerK« ‘wPo {ddmh H a
coZm Mm{hE& ‘¢Zo AnZm ò {dMma O~ EZ.Ho .nr. H mo ~Vm`m Vmo CÝhm|Zo ‘μOmH
H aVo hþE nyN m {H ‘oam {H gr c‹S H s Ho gmW MŠH a Vmo Zht h¡? AnZr hm{Oμa
Odm~r go ‘¢Zo CÝh| CÎma {X`m {H {Og g‘` do ‘wPo AnZo XâVa go {ZH cZo
H s Amkm XoVo h¢ Cg g‘` VH BVZr Xoa hmo OmVr h¡ {H H moB© ^r ^Ð {nVm
BVZr Xoa amV H mo AnZr ~oQ r H mo ào‘ H aZo Ho {cE OmZo H s BOmμOV Zht Xo
gH Vm& ‘oam CÎma gwZH a CÝh| ~hþV PQH m cJm&
lr‘mVmOr VH ^r g‘mMma nhþ±Mm {H ‘¢Zo {ddmh H s BÀNm ì`ŠV H s h¡
Am¡a VwaÝV hr Vcme Amaå^ hmo JB©& {gVå~a 1962 ‘| O~ coIm narjU Ho
127
{cE ‘¢ ~å~B© J`m Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPgo c‹S H s Ho {df` ‘| ‘oar BÀNm nyN r&
‘¢Zo H hm {H , "‘oar ‘w»` {MÝVm ‘oar ‘m± h¢, Bg{cE ‘¢ MmhVm hÿ± {H H moB© Eogr
c‹S H s AmE Omo ‘oar ‘m± H s VWm CZHo ñdmñÏ` H s XoI^mc H a gHo &
Bg{cE dh c‹S H s H m`©aV Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&' lr‘mVmOr Zo H hm {H , "‘¢
BgH s Amoa Ü`mZ Xy§Jr Am¡a ‘m‘cm dht g‘má hmo J`m&'
ZmJnwa dm{ng AmZo na ‘wPo lr‘mVmOr H m Qo{c’ moZ Am`m {H do MmhVr
h¢ {H ‘¢, AnZm EH ’ moQ mo lr.aU{^go Ho nmg ôOy§ Š`m|{H CZH s g~go NmoQ r
~oQ r {ddmh `mo½` h¡ Am¡a Omo nËZr ~ZZo Ho {cE ‘oar AmemAm| Ho AZwê n h¡&
‘¢Zo ’ moQ mo ôO {X`m Am¡a lr‘mVmOr go AZwamoY {H `m {H c‹S H s H m EH ’ moQ mo
‘wPo {ÔdmE§§& ~hþV {XZm| VH O~ c‹S H s H m ’ moQ mo ‘wPo Zht nhþ±Mm Vmo ‘¢Zo
gmoM {c`m {H gå^dV: c‹S H s ‘wPgo {ddmh Zht H aZm MmhVr& AŠQy ~a
1962 Ho AÝV ‘| EH {XZ ‘wPo lr‘mVmOr H m EH nÌ {‘cm {OgHo gmW EH
’ moQ mo ^r cJm hþAm Wm& ’ moQ mo XoIH a ‘¢ h±gZo cJm, ‘oar ‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPgo
h±gZo H m H maU nyN m? ‘¢Zo CÝh| ~Vm`m {H ‘¢Zo AnZr hmoZo dmcr XwëhZ H m
’ moQ mo ‘m§Jm Wm {OgH s Am`w 23/24 df© hmoZr Mm{hE& naÝVw ’ moQ mo ‘| 2 df©
Ho ~ÀMo H mo CRmE hþE EH ~mah df© H s c‹S H s H s ’ moQ mo Wr& ‘¢ Bg ~mV H m
{ZU©` Z H a nm`m Wm {H BZ XmoZm| ‘| go H m¡Z gr ‘oar hmoZo dmcr XwëhZ h¡?
‘¢Zo nwZ: lr‘mVmOr H mo nÌ {cIm, {OÝhm|Zo c‹S H s Ho ‘mVm-{nVm H mo {cIm
{H nmcr (JUn{V nwco go ~å~B© JmoAm ‘mJ© na pñW{V 50 {H .‘r. Xya) go
c‹S H s H mo ~å~B© cmE§& ‘Ü` Zd§~a ‘| EH ô§Q H m à~ÝY {H `m J`m Am¡a ‘oao
VrZ {‘Ì ‘Yw, í`m‘ Am¡a JUw Zo ‘wPo VWm lr‘mVmOr H mo Bg ~mV Ho {cE
gh‘V H a {c`m {H dmo ^r ‘oao gmW Cg c‹S H s H mo XoI|Jo& ò g~ XoIVo hþE
ga gr.nr. Zo ‘wPo EH Amoa ~wcm`m Am¡a ‘wPo ZgrhV Xr {Ogo ‘¢ OrdZn`©ÝV
`mX aIy§Jm& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo H hm {H ‘wPo nyd© {Z{U©V {dMmam| Ho gmW Zht OmZm h¡&
‘¢ dhm± {ZarjU Ho {cE Zht Om ahm hÿ± Bg{cE Cg c‹S H s go ~mVMrV H aVo
hþE ‘wPo CgH m ‘mZ-gå‘mZ ~ZmE aIZm h¡& `{X ‘wPo Zmng§X H aZo H m
A{YH ma h¡ Vmo Cgo ^r `h A{YH ma h¡& CgHo ‘wH m~co ‘¢ {H gr ~wcÝXr na
Zht ~¡R m hþAm, Bg{cE ‘wPo Bg ~hmZo go Cgo ZmngÝX H aZo H m H moB©
A{YH ma Zht h¡ {H ‘¢ CgHo {df` ‘| nhco go OmZVm hÿ±& (^maV ‘| Eogo
128
Adgam| na àm`: c‹S Ho -c‹S {H `m| go ‘yI©VmnyU© àíZ H aVo h¢ {H Š`m CÝh|
ImZm ~ZmZm, H n‹S o {gcZm `m JmZm Am{X AmVm h¡? ‘mZmo {ddmh Ho `hr
‘mnXÊS hm|&) lr‘mVmOr Am¡a ga gr.nr. Ho {cE ‘mZdr` J[a‘m BZ g~
MrμOm| go D na Wr&
‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘¢Zo Omo gyQ nhZm hþAm Wm dh ~å~B© Ho ‘m¡g‘ Ho {cE
nyU©V: AZwn`wŠV Wm& g~go ~‹S r ~mV Vmo ò Wr {H ngrZm| Ho {cE ‘¢ OmZm
OmVm Wm& c‹S H s H mo XoIZo Ho {cE OmZo Ho {cE Á`m| hr ‘¢ H ma ‘| ~¡R m ‘wPo
ngrZo AmZo cJo& g^r cmoJ ò H hZo cJo {H ‘¢ K~am J`m hÿ±& naÝVw dmñVd ‘|
‘¢ ga gr.nr. Ûmam Xr JB© ZgrhV na gmoM ahm Wm& O~ h‘ Ka nhþ±Mo Vmo ò
XoIH a ‘wPo h¡amZr hþB© {H {Og H ‘ao ‘| h‘ ~¡R o hþE Wo dhm± n§Im ^r Z Wm& ‘oao
hmoZo dmco ggwa O~ ‘wPgo ~mV H a aho Wo Vmo ‘oam AmYm Ü`mZ ngrZm nm|N Zo
na Wm Am¡a ~mH s H m AmYm Bg ~mV na {H `h H îQ erK« g‘má hmo OmEJm&
lr‘mVmOr c‹S H s H mo gOmZo Ho {cE Ka Ho AÝXa Mcr JB© Wt& H îQXm`r
nÝÐh {‘ZQm| Ho níMmV² lr‘mVmOr c‹S H s Ho gmW ~mha AmBª& ‘¢Zo EH ZμOa
Cgo XoIm Am¡a Š`m|{H ‘wPo {~ëHw c g‘P Z Am ahm Wm {H AnZo VrZm| {‘Ìm|,
lr‘mVmOr Am¡a AnZo ggwa Ho gå‘wI {H g àH ma Cggo ~mV H ê §! ‘¢ ‘m¡Z
~¡R J`m& nÝÐh-~rg {‘ZQ H s Am¡nMm[aH Vm Ho níMmV² CÝh| Z‘ñVo H hH a
h‘ Ka H s Amoa Mc n‹S o& amñVo na lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘oar à{V{H« `m nyN r Am¡a ‘¢Zo
CÝh| ñnîQ ~Vm`m {H Cgo XoIZo go H ht A{YH , Cggo ~mVMrV H aHo ‘¢ Cgo
~VmZm MmhVm hÿ± {H nËZr Ho ê n ‘| ‘¢ Cggo Š`m Amem H ê §Jm Am¡a ò ^r
OmZZm Mmhÿ±Jm {H Š`m ‘¢ CgH s AmemAm| Ho AZwê n hÿ±& Bg na lr‘mVmOr Zo
No‹S m {H `h H m`© Vmo ‘wPo nhcr ‘wcmH mV ‘o§ hr H a coZm Mm{hE Wm& ‘¢Zo CÎma
{X`m {H Cg g‘` ‘¢ nyar Vah go ^m¢MH ah J`m Wm&
AJco {XZ O~ ggwa Zo ’ moZ {H `m Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo CZgo
AZwamoY {H `m {H Š`m do c‹S H s H mo CZHo `hm± EH Am¡a ‘wcmH mV Ho {cE co
AmE§Jo, {OgHo {cE do VwaÝV gh‘V hmo JE& AJcr ‘wcmH mV ‘| ‘¢Zo Cgo
~Vm`m {H ‘m± Ho à{V ‘oar Š`m {Oå‘oXm[a`m± Wt Am¡a Bg{cE nËZr Ho ê n ‘o ‘¢
Cggo Š`m Amem H aVm Wm VWm Š`m ‘¢ CgH s AmemAm| Ho AZwê n hÿ±& ‘¢Zo
Cgo ~Vm`m {H ‘¢ ~hþV Iam~ B©gmB© hÿ± Am¡a {H« g‘g Am¡a B©ñQa Ho A{V[aŠV
129
‘¢ H ^r MM© Zht OmVm& ‘¢Zo Cgo AnZo doVZ Ho {df` ‘| ^r ~Vm`m Am¡a Cggo
ò ^r H hm {H ‘wPo Zmng§X H aZo H s Cgo CVZr hr ñdV§ÌVm Wr {OVZr ‘wPo
h¡& AnZo gmao {dMmam| H m ~moP Cg na SmcH a ‘wPo ~hþV M¡Z {‘cm& CgH s
à{V{H« `m ‘oao nj ‘| Wr Am¡a ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo ~Vm`m {H ‘¢Zo Cgo g^r Hw N
~Vm {X`m h¡ Am¡a CgZo ‘oar g^r ~mV| ñdrH ma H a cr h¢&
30 {Xgå~a 1962 H mo nmcr ‘| ‘oar gJmB© ‘oar hmoZo dmcr nËZr go hþB©&
gJmB© Ho Adga na CnpñWV cmoJm| ‘| ‘oar g~go ~‹S r ~hZ Am¡a ^m^r
em{cZr, CZHo VrZ ~ÀMo, ga gr.nr., ‘oam ^mB©, ‘oam {‘Ì JUw, H ënZm,
gmYZm VWm, {ZpíMV ê n go lr‘mVmOr Wt& lr‘mVmOr, H ënZm, gmYZm
Am¡a ‘oam ~‹S m ^mB© AnZo n[adma Ho gmW EH H ma ‘| JE& CÝhm|Zo Jmodm ‘mJ©
nH ‹S m& ò ‘mJ© IÈm| go n[anyU© Am¡a `mÌm Ho {cE {~ëHw c Cn`wŠV Z Wm&
Bgr g‹S H na AJco {XZ h‘| ^r OmZm Wm naÝVw aËZm{Jar go lr‘mVmOr Zo
’ moZ {H `m {H h‘ nyZm Ho amñVo go AmE§&
29 {Xgå~a H s àmV: ga gr.nr., ‘oao ^mB©, ‘oao {‘Ì Am¡a ‘¢ nyZm Ho
amñVo go nmcr Ho {cE admZm hþE& amñVo ‘| ‘wPo ~wIma M‹T J`m Omo ~‹T Vm Om
ahm Wm& BVdma hmoZo Ho H maU g^r Šbr{ZH ~ÝX Wo& H moB© {M{H ËgH
CncãY Z Wm& Bg{cE ‘wPo H moB© XdmB© XoH a ‘oao {‘Ì H s JmoX ‘| H ma H s
{nNcr grQ na gwcm {X`m J`m& ga gr.nr. Am¡a ‘oam ^mB© AJcr grQ na
S´ mBda Ho gmW V§J hmoH a ~¡R o hþE Wo& amV H mo cJ^J 11 ~Oo h‘ nmcr nhþ±Mo
Am¡a AmYr amV Ho g‘` ‘oar gJmB© hþB©& ~wIma H s pñW{V ‘| hr ‘¢Zo gyQ ~Xcm
Am¡a Á`m|hr gJmB© H s añ‘ g‘má hþB© ‘¢ gmo J`m& AJco {XZ h‘ ~å~B© cm¡Q o
Am¡a Hw N hr g‘` níMmV² ‘¢ ZmJnwa cm¡Q J`m&
‘B© 1963 ‘| EH AÝ` ‘hËdnyU© KQZm KQr& AnZo ‘wdpŠH cm| Ho nmg
OmZo Ho `mÌm ^Îmm| ‘| go ‘¢Zo gmV gm¡ énò ~Mm {cE Wo& BZ n¡gm| go ‘¢Zo AnZo
gyQ Am¡a AÝ` H n‹S o ~ZmZo H s `moOZm ~ZmB© Wr Am¡a AË`ÝV eoIr Am¡a Jd©
Ho gmW lr‘mVmOr go ^r ‘¢Zo BgHo {df` ‘| ~mVMrV H a cr& ‘oao ZmJnwa
cm¡Q Zo go Xmo {XZ nyd© lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPgo H hm {H CÝh| Hw N n¡gm| H s g»V
Amdí`H Vm h¡& Š`m ‘¢ H n‹S m| Ho {cE ~MmE hþE gmV gm¡ énò CÝh| CYma Xo
gH Vm hÿ±? AË`ÝV ~o‘Ou Ho gmW ‘¢Zo CÝh| ò aH ‘ Xo Xr Š`m|{H ‘¢ OmZVm
130
Wm {H ò ‘wPo H ^r dm{ng Z {‘coJr&
AJcr gw~h ‘¢ AË`ÝV {Zame ~¡R m hþAm Wm Š`m|{H dñÌ IarXZo H s
‘oar gmar `moOZm Mm¡nQ hmo JB© Wr& Xmo cH ‹S r Ho ~Šgo coH a lr‘mVmOr ‘oao
H ‘ao ‘| AmBª Am¡a nyN m {H Š`m ‘¢ ~Vm gH Vm hÿ± {H dmo Š`m coH a AmBª h¢& ‘¢
nyar Vah ^m¢MH Wm Am¡a nho{c`m± ~wPmZo H m ‘oam ‘Z ^r Z Wm& AV: ‘¢Zo
AmH pñ‘H gm CÎma Xo {X`m {H do AnZo Ka Ho {cE Hw N coH a AmBª hmo§Jr&
Bg na CÝhm|Zo H hm {H dmo ‘oao ~ZZo dmco Ka Ho {cE ^r Hw N coH a AmB© h¢&
CÝhm|Zo dmo ~Šgo ImocZo ewé {H E {OZ‘| ‘¢Zo ñQoZcog ñQrc H s ~hþV gr MrO|μ
XoIr& dmo ‘oao {cE ñQoZcog ñQrc H m nyam {SZa g¡Q co AmB© Wt {Og‘| N:
ßb|Q o, ~mah H Qmo[a`m±, N: {Jcmg Am¡a Hw N ImZm ~ZmZo Ho ~V©Z, Hw N NmoQ o-
~‹S o Må‘M Am{X Wo& Bg na CÝhm|Zo Ho dc 590 énò IM} Wo& CÝhm|Zo H hm
{H H n‹S m| na n¡gm IM©Zm BVZm Amdí`H Z Wm {OVZm ñQoZcog ñQrc Ho
{SZa g¡Q na Š`m|{H BgH m hmoZm Amdí`H Wm& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H A~ Vw‘ EH
J¥hñW hmo Bg{cE Vwåh| n[adma H s Amdí`H VmAm| H m Ü`mZ aIZm Mm{hE&
CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo 110 énò cm¡Q m {XE& H¥ VkVm Ho Alw ‘oar Am±Im| ‘| â AmE& ò
H hVo hþE ‘wPo Jd© h¡ {H AmO 37 df© níMmV² ^r ‘¢ CÝht H s Xr hþB© ßboQ m| ‘|
ImVm hÿ±& CZH m {ddoH Am¡a XyaX{e©Vm Eogr Wr!
131
AÜ`m`-7
1963 go 1970
16 AŠQy ~a 1963 H mo nyZm ‘| AÝVV: ‘oam {ddmh Hw ‘wX go hmo hr J`m&

‘¢ AÝVV: eãX H m Cn`moJ H a ahm hÿ± Š`m|{H ‘oar gJmB© Am¡a {ddmh Ho ~rM
AZoH Eogr KQZmE§ K{QV hþBª {OZ‘| go Hw N H m dU©Z ‘¢ `hm± H a ahm hÿ±&
‘oao ^mB© Zo E‘.E‘.O¡Z Ho gmW ZB© H ånZr ‘| gmPoXmar H m àñVmd ‘wPo
{X`m& à{ejU Ho Xm¡amZ E‘.E‘. O¡Z ‘oao d[aîR Wo naÝVw CÝhm|Zo ‘B© 1962 ‘|
‘oao gmW hr gr.E. H s ApÝV‘ narjm nmg H s Wr& O¡Z Am¡a ‘¢Zo {‘cH a nm±M
hOma énò ‘| EH nwamZr H ma IarXr& `Ú{n H ma gmPoXmar H s Wr {’ a ^r
àm`: `h ‘oao nmg ahVr Wr Š`m|{H O¡Z H ma McmZm Z OmZVo Wo& Ho dc noQ´ moc
âdmZo Ho {cE hr `h Jm‹S r O¡Z Ho `hm± OmVr Wr& {‘Ìm| Ho ~rM ‘| EH nŠH m
MwQ Hw cm Wm, O~ ^r H ma O¡Z Ho Ka na I‹S r hmoVr Vmo dmo H hVo {H noQ´ moc
âdmZo Ho {cE Jm‹S r `hm± AmB© h¡&
lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo nhco hr {ddmh H a coZo Ho {cE H hm Wm naÝVw
EZ.Ho .nr BgHo {cE V¡`ma Z Wm, Bg{cE PJ‹S m I‹S m hmo J`m Am¡a EZ.Ho .nr
Zo ‘wPo H hm {H O~ VH lr‘mVmOr ZmJnwa ‘| h¢ ‘¢ XâVa AmZm ~ÝX H a Xy±&
lr‘mVmOr CZ {XZm| ‘oao gmW ah aht Wr& Bg KQZm Ho H maU ‘¢Zo ñd`§ H mo
~hþV Agwa{jV ‘hgyg {H `m Am¡a {ZU©` {H `m {H {ddmh Ho níMmV² ‘¢
CgH s H ånZr H s Zm¡H ar Nmo‹S Xy§Jm&
{ddmh nyZm ‘| hmoZm {ZpíMV hþAm Wm& naÝVw h‘mao nmg ahZo Ho {cE
H moB© ñWmZ Z Wm& (H ënZm H a| {H lr‘mVmOr {OZHo nmg AmO à{VîRmZ
O¡gm Ka h¡ CÝh| {‘Ìm| Ho gmW RhaZm n‹S m) EH {‘Ì Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go h‘ VrZ
{XZm| Ho {cE ñHy c H m à~ÝY H a nmE Am¡a CgHo {cE ^r h‘| ~hþV ‘ohZV
Am¡a à`ËZ H aZo n‹S o& O¡gm nhco dU©Z {H `m Om MwH m h¡, ‘oam {ddmh 16
AŠQy ~a 1963 H mo hmoZm {ZpíMV hþAm& `h Xrnmdcr H m {XZ Wm Am¡a nyZm
eha H m H moZm-H moZm Xrnm| go OJ‘Jm ahm Wm&
nyZm Ho goÝQ EÝS´ `y MM© ‘| B©gmB© naånam Ho AZwgma ‘oam {ddmh gånÝZ
132
hþAm& {ddmh ‘| gm‘mÝ` ^«‘ H s pñW{V Wr& Omo aocJm‹S r 15 VmarI gw~h nyZm
nhþ±MZo dmcr Wr dh 12-14 KÊQo Xoa go Om ahr Wr& BgH m AW© ò Wm {H ‘¢
hëXr CËgd ‘| CnpñWV Zht hmo gH Vm Wm& (^maV ‘| EH àWm h¡ {H g~go
nhco hëXr dmcm C~QZ Xyëho H mo cJm`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~mH s H m C~QZ c‹S H s
H mo cJm`m OmVm h¡) C~QZ CËgd 15 VmarI H s em‘ H mo hmoZm Wm, AmYo
amñVo na h‘o§ aocJm‹S r ~XcZr n‹S r Am¡a AZAma{jV {Sã~o ‘| `mÌm H aZr
n‹S r& {H gr Vah go ‘¢ àW‘ XO} Ho {Sã~o Ho nm`XmZ na I‹Sμ m hmoH a nÝÐh
VmarI H s em‘ H mo nyZm nhþ±M J`m& ‘wPo coZo Ho {cE ñQoeZ na AmE ‘oao ggwa
Zo g‘Pm {H ‘¢ àW‘ XO}μ na `mÌm H a ahm Wm& dmñVd ‘| ‘oao nmg Xygao XO}
H m {QH Q Wm naÝVw {dde hmoH a ‘wPo àW‘ XO©o Ho {Sã~o ‘| I‹S o hmoH a `mÌm
H aZr n‹S r Wr& Cg {XZ Cgr MM© ‘| Xmo {ddmh g‘mamoh hmoZo Wo& ‘oam {ddmh
Xygao ñWmZ H m Wm naÝVw àW‘ {ddmh H m CnXoe Hw N cå~o g‘` VH Mcm&
AV: h‘| àVrjm H aZr n‹S r Am¡a XwëhZ H mo ^r& {ddmh nÅr Omo ‘¢Zo nhZZr Wr
dh ApÝV‘ g‘` VH Zht nhM±þr, AV: BgH m ñWmZ ‘aor AJ§Ry r H mo Xo {X`m J`m&
àr{V-ß`mcm àñVmdZm (Proposing The Toast) Ho g‘` {~en cyWa
Zo Xyëho Ho {df` ‘| Vmo ~hþV Hw N H hm naÝVw XwëhZ Am¡a CgHo n[adma Ho
{df` ‘| Hw N H hZm {~ëHw c ^yc JE& àñVmdZm H m CÎma XoZo Ho {cE O~ ‘¢
I‹S m hþAm Vmo ‘¢Zo nyao nj Ho {df` ‘| ~mocm& ga gr.nr., H ënZm Am¡a gmYZm
{ddmh go Hw N hr Xoa nyd© nhþ±Mo Š`m|{H {Og H ma go dmo ~å~B© go nyZm ‘mJ© na
`mÌm H a aho Wo dmo Iam~ hmo JB© Wr& {Z:gÝXoh lr‘mVmOr h‘mao nhþ±MZo go nyd©
nyZm ‘| hr Wt&
{ddmh Ho níMmV² ñdmJV g‘mamoh hþAm Am¡a CgHo níMmV² àr{V^moO&
ZmJnwa cm¡Q Zo Ho BamXo go AnZr nËZr Ho gmW ‘¢ ~å~B© Am`m& hZr‘yZ Ho
{df` ‘| Vmo ‘¢ gmoM hr Zht gH Vm Wm Š`m|{H BgH m AW© hmoVm n¡go H m IM©
Am¡a n¡gm ‘oao nmg Wm hr Zht& Omo n¡gm ‘¢Zo AnZo doVZ VWm gmPoXmar H s
Am` ‘| go ~Mm`m Wm dmo g~ ‘wPo {XE JE Xmo H ‘am| Am¡a EH dam±So Ho {Zdmg
H mo nm±M H ‘am| Ho {Zdmg ‘| n[ad{V©V H aZo ‘| IM© hmo J`m Wm& dam±So H mo ‘¢Zo
agmoB© Am¡a A{V{W`m| Ho H ‘ao ‘| n[ad{V©V H a {X`m Am¡a AnZo ahZo Ho ~‹S o
H ‘ao H mo Xmo {hñgm| ‘| ~m±Q H a ~¡R H Am¡a e`ZH j ~Zm {X`m& AV: ‘¢Zo
133
ZmJnwa cm¡Q Zo H m {ZU©` {H `m naÝVw lr‘mVmOr H s Hw N AÝ` hr `moOZm Wr&
CÝhm|Zo h‘mao {cE ‘mWoaZ (~å~B© H m EH nhm‹S r n`©Q Z ñWc) ‘| VrZ {XZ Ho
{cE EH hmoQ c ‘| à~ÝY {H `m Wm& AV: Hw ‘wX Am¡a ‘¢ ‘mWoamZ JE naÝVw h‘
XmoZm| hr AñdñW Wo& dmo ImZo go naoemZ Wr Š`m|{H ImZm CgH s ngÝX H m Z
Wm Am¡a ‘¢ Amåc{nÎm (Acidity) Ho H maU AñdñW Wm& AV: h‘ XmoZm| Ho {cE
`h hZr‘yZ Ho ñWmZ na Xw:I ^moJZo O¡gm Wm& AÝVV: h‘ ZmJnwa cm¡Q AmE
Am¡a ‘¢ AnZo amoμO‘am© Ho H m`© ‘| cJ J`m& ‘oar BÀNm Wr {H ‘oar nËZr n[adma
Ho g^r gXñ`m| go {‘co& Bg{cE ‘¢Zo EZ.Ho .nr. go AZwamoY {H `m {H ‘oar
nËZr H mo AnZr nËZr go {‘cdmE& Z OmZo {H Z H maUm| go CgZo Eogm H aZo go
BÝH ma {H `m Am¡a Bg àH ma ‘oao ‘Z ‘| CÝh| Nmo‹S Zo H m {dMma Amaå^ hmo J`m&
erK« hr Hw ‘wX J^©dVr hmo JB© Am¡a 4 Zd§~a 1964 H mo h‘| nwÌaËZ àmá hþAm&
EH ~ma {’ a ò {Xdmcr H m {XZ Wm& h‘Zo AnZo ~oQ o H m Zm‘ àVrH aIm& ào‘
go Cgo amOy ~wcmVo h¢&
OwcmB© 1965 ‘| ‘¢Zo Eà B§{S`m ‘| gmjmËH ma {X`m& naÝVw {gVå~a
VH dhm± go H moB© g‘mMma Z Am`m& AV: ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H ‘wPo Cn`wŠV Zht nm`m
J`m h¡& naÝVw {gVå~a 1965 ‘| Eà B§{S`m Zo ‘wPo gy{MV {H `m {H ‘wPo
ghm`H coIm A{YH mar {Z`wŠV {H `m J`m h¡ Am¡a erK«m{VerK« ‘¢ AnZm nX
J«hU H ê §& Eà B§{S`m ‘o§ ‘oam M`Z Ho dc ‘oao à`ËZ Ho H maU hr Z Wm& ga
gr.nr. Zo à~ÝY {ZXoeH lr.cmc go Hw N ~mVMrV H s Wr& Eogm H aZo Ho {cE
CÝh| lr‘mVmOr Zo H hm Wm&
Odmhacmc Zohê H s ‘¥Ë`w Ho níMmV² ga gr.nr. {X„r ñWmZmÝV[aV hmo
JE Wo Š`m|{H cmc ~hmXwa emñÌr àYmZ‘§Ìr ~Z JE Wo Am¡a {ZOr g{Md Ho
ê n ‘o§ ga gr.nr. CZHo gmW Wo& `h g‘` Wm O~ nm{H ñVmZ Zo ^maV Ho
gmW `wÕ Amaå^ H a {X`m Wm Am¡a n[aUm‘ñdê n ga gr.nr. XâVa go ~hþV
Xoa go Ka cm¡Q Vo Wo& lr‘mVmOr Am¡a ga gr.nr. H m Amerdm©X coZo Ho {cE ‘¢
{X„r J`m Am¡a 6 {Xgå~a 1965 H mo Eà B§{S`m ‘o§ nX J«hU {H `m& `h
AË`ÝV Ah‘² {ZU©` Wm Š`m|{H ‘¢ AnZr ‘m± H mo nrNo ZmJnwa Nmo‹S ahm Wm&
naÝVw ‘wPo AnZo noeo Am¡a ‘m± Ho à{V H V©ì`m| ‘| go EH H m M`Z H aZm Wm&
Bg{cE g‘Pm¡Vm {H `m J`m {H Á`m| hr ‘wPo RrH -RmH {Zdmg ñWmZ àmá
134
hmoJm ‘¢ CÝh| ~å~B© co AmD §Jm&
OyZ 1966 ‘| Smca Ho ‘wH m~co ‘| énò H m Ad‘yë`Z hmo J`m {OgHo
H maU Eà B§{S`m H s {QH Q| VWm AÝVaCÈmZ `mÌmAm| ‘| ~hþV ~‹S r g‘ñ`mE§
I‹S r hmo JBª& `Ú{n Bg nX na ‘¢ Z`m-Z`m Wm {’ a ^r ^maVr` énò Ho
Ad‘yë`Z go nyd© ~oMr JB© {QH Qm| H m {hgm~-{H Vm~ AÝ` hdmB© H ån{Z`m| go
H aZo Ho ‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmcr H {RZmB©`m| H mo ‘¢ XoI gH m Š`m|{H Bg pñW{V ‘|
AÝVh©dmB© H ånZr `mÌm H s dmñV{dH {V{W énò Ho Ad‘yë`Z Ho ~mX H s
Wr& Bg pñW{V H mo ñnîQ H aZo Ho {cE ‘¢ EH NmoQ m gm CXmhaU Xy§Jm& ‘mZ
cmo ~å~B©-cÝXZ-Ý`y`mH© joÌm| ‘| Eà B§{S`m Zo EH {QH Q ~ZmB©& Bg‘|
~å~B© cÝXZ joÌ Eà B§{S`m Ho A{YH ma ‘| AmVm h¡ Am¡a cÝXZ Ý`y`mH© joÌ
A‘arH s hdmB© H ån{Z`m| Ho & nyao joÌ H m ^m‹S m ‘mZ cmo VrZ gm¡ Smca Wm
{Ogo Ad‘yë`Z go nyd© H s pñW{V ‘| 3 énò 45 n¡go à{V Smca Ho {hgm~ go
{c`m J`m Wm& ‘mZ cmo {H `mÌr Zo cÝXZ Ý`y`mH© joÌ ‘| 6 OyZ Ho ~mX `mÌm
H s Vmo Eogr pñW{V ‘| AÝVaCÈmZ {Z`‘ Ho AZwgma Sm°ca ‘| {hgm~ hmoZm
Mm{hE {OgH s H s‘V A~ gmV énò hmo JB© Wr& AV: Eà B§{S`m H mo 3 énò
55 n¡go H m KmQm CRmZm n‹S Vm& XâVa ‘| Xoa amV VH ~¡R H a ‘¢Zo
AÝVaCÈmZ coIm OmoIm H s nwñVH m| ‘| {^ÝZ {Z`‘m| H m AÜ``Z {H `m& 9
OyZ H mo ‘¢Zo {dñV¥V nÌ ~ZmH a AnZo d[aîR A{YH mar lr.~mcnw[a`m Ho
gå‘wI aIm& ‘¢ Š`m|{H Z`m Wm Am¡a ò H m`© ‘wPo gm¢nm ^r Z J`m Wm Bg{cE
do ZmamμO hmo JE Am¡a ‘oao nÌ H mo ò H hH a EH Va’ ’| H {X`m {H BgH m
‘yë` Vmo Bg H mJμO {OVZm ^r Zht h¡ {Og na ò {cIm J`m h¡& ‘¢ AË`ÝV
naoemZ Wm Am¡a Cgr ‘mZ{gH pñW{V ‘| dmo nÌ lr.~mcnw[a`m {H ‘oμO na hr
ah J`m& ‘¢ Cgo CRmZm ^yc J`m& H« moY Ho Xm¡ao ‘| ‘¢ Ka Am J`m Am¡a KmofUm
H s {H erK« hr ‘¢ Eà B§{S`m go Ë`mJnÌ Xo Xy§Jm& ‘oar nËZr Zo ‘wPo {H gr
àH ma emÝV {H `m& AJco {XZ O~ ‘¢ XâVa nhþ±Mm Vmo EH Mnamgr ‘oar ‘oO
Ho nmg I‹S m hþAm Wm& CgZo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H lr.~mcnw[a`m AË`ÝV ~og~«r go
‘oar àVrjm H a aho h¢& EH AÝ` Sm±Q H s Amem H aVo hþE {hM{H MmVo hþE ‘¢Zo
CZHo Ho {~Z ‘| àdoe {H `m& nhcm àíZ Omo CÝhm|Zo nyN m {H Bg nÌ H m
coIH H m¡Z h¡? SaVo hþE ‘¢Zo H hm {H ‘¢& ‘¢ j‘m ‘m§JZo H mo hr Wm {H CÝhm|Zo
135
H hm {H CÝh| {dídmg Zht hmoVm {H Ad‘yë`Z Ho Ho dc VrZ {XZ níMmV² hr
g§ñWm ‘| Zd{Z`wŠV ì`pŠV BVZm {dñV¥V ZmoQ {cI gH Vm h¡! CÝhm|Zo ‘oar
gamhZm H s Am¡a H hm {H ‘¢ {díd â Ho g^r ñQoeZm| Ho {cE ‘mJ© {ZX}e
V¡`ma H ê § Am¡a BÝh| Q¡coŠg H ê §& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo EH {^ÝZ ’ mBc ImocZo H m
A{YH ma {X`m Am¡a H hm, ""Bg ’ mBc H m Zm‘ hmoJm "Ad‘yë`Z Ho {df` ‘|
EM.nr.gmëdo'&'' Eà B§{S`m ‘| ‘oar AË`ÝV g’ c Zm¡H ar H m ò Amaå^ Wm&
‘wPo ~g « ëOμ OmZo Ho {cE MZwm J`m naÝVw dhm± na Š`m{|H ZmH¡ am{Z`m± Zht
hmVot Ama¡ Hw ‘Xw H mo ‘aom ßbQo | YmZom ngÝX Z Wm Bg{cE h‘Zo Ba©mZ H s amOYmZr
VhoamZ OmZm ngÝX {H `m& 5 ‘B© H mo ‘¢ ~éoV Ho amñVo go VhoamZ J`m&
hdmB©-nÎmZ Ho à~ÝYH lr.{W`mo{’ crg ‘wPo Am¡a ‘oao à{Vê n
(Counter Part) H mo coZo Ho {cE VohamZ AmE& amñVo ‘| ‘¢Zo CZgo ‘wPo {XE
OmZo dmco âb¡Q Ho {df` ‘| nyN m& CÝhm|Zo H hm, ""ò AÀNm h¡ naÝVw NmoQ m h¡&
~å~B© go AmZo Ho g§X^© ‘|, Ohm± ‘¢ EH H ‘ao Ho Ka ‘| éH m Wm, ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H
‘wPo Cggo ^r NmoQ m âb¡Q {X`m J`m hmoJm& dmñVd ‘| O~ ‘¢Zo âb¡Q H mo XoIm
Vmo `h Z Ho dc H m’ s ~‹S m Wm, Bg‘| VrZ e`ZH j Wo Am¡a {’« O,
Qo{c{dOZ, H« mH ar, H Qcar, nX}, dmqeJ ‘erZ Am¡a Hw qH J a|O ^r cJo hþE
Wo& âb¡Q H mo XoIH a ‘¢ nyar Vah go Yamem`r hmo J`m& BVZm hr Zht ò âb¡Q
nyU©V: dmVmZwHw {cV Wm& ‘wPo cJm {H ‘¢ OÝZV ‘| hÿ±& VwaÝV ‘¢ AnZr nËZr H mo
âb¡Q H m dU©Z H aVo hþE nÌ {cIZo ~¡R J`m& ò Vrgar ‘§{Oc na Wm, O~{H
‘oao à~ÝYH lr.H m¡c ‘oao go D na dmcr ‘§{Oc na AnZr nËZr H¡ Qr Am¡a Xmo
~ÀMm| Ho gmW ahVo Wo& H¡ Qr AË`ÝV {XcMñn ì`pŠV Wr, AË`ÝV
{dZmoXerc& O~{H lr.H m¡c ~hþV AÀNo ì`pŠV Wo naÝVw H Rmoa
AZwemgZerc&
6 OyZ 1966 H mo BμOamBc Am¡a {‘l ‘| c‹S mB© {N‹S JB© Am¡a
n[aUm‘ñdê n ‘Ü`-E{e`m ‘| Eà B§{S`m Ho g^r ñQoeZ ~ÝX H aZo nSoμ &
Ho dc VohamZ H m ñQoeZ Iwcm ahm Š`m|{H dhm± empÝV Wr& ~hþV go H ‘©Mmar
`m Vmo VohamZ Am aho Wo `m dhm± go {ZH c aho Wo& ‘oao ‘w»`mc` go ‘wPo AmXoe
Am`m {H H ‘©Mm[a`m| H mo ^Îmo dm`w`mZ Ho AÝXa hr {XE OmE§§& C‹S mZm| Ho g‘`
na ‘wPo dhm± CnpñWV hmoZm hmoVm Am¡a C‹S mZo CëQo grYo g‘` hmoZo Ho H maU
136
‘wP na Omoμa n‹S Vm& `wÕ AÝVV: VrZ gámh ‘| g‘má hmo J`m Am¡a ‘oao
à~ÝYH Zo ‘wPo Nw Å r Xr {H OmH a AnZo n[adma H mo co AmD §& AnZr ‘m± H mo
gmW co OmZo Ho {cE ‘¢ ~hþV CËgwH Wm naÝVw CÝhm|Zo H hm {H do AnZo
ApÝV‘ {XZ ‘oao {nVmOr H s H ~« Ho g‘rn ahH a hr {~VmZm Mmh|Jr& VohamZ ‘|
‘oam dmg AË`ÝV gwIH a Am¡a Eoíd`©‘` Wm& ‘oam H m`© AË`ÝV Amam‘Xoh
Wm, ‘wPo EH ghm`H Am¡a EH g{Md H s gw{dYm Xr JB© Wr& BZ cmoJm| H mo ‘¢Zo
amoμO‘am© Ho H m`© XoIZo Ho {cE à{e{jV H a {c`m Am¡a AnZo Imcr g‘` ‘| ‘¢
Eà B§{S`m H mo ~‹T mdm XoVm& ‘oao {‘ÌJU A{YH Va ^maVr` Wo Am¡a Hw N
A‘arH Z cmoJ Wo& ha em‘ H mo H m°H Qoc nm{Q© `m± hmoVr Am¡a AnZo ñd^md Ho
H maU ‘¢ BZ nm{Q© `m| ‘|, {deofê n go A‘arH Zm| ‘|, à{gÕ hmo J`m& à~ÝYH
BVZm X`mcw Wm {H {~Ocr H m gm‘mZ Am¡a ZmJnwa Ho AnZo gå~pÝY`m| H mo
XoZo Ho {cE Vmoh’o IarXZo Ho {cE ‘wPo hm§J-H m§J `m Hw d¡V OmZo H s Amkm Xo
XoVm& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘¢Zo AnZr ‘m± H mo H cmB© K‹S r ^|Q H s Wr {Ogo do AË`ÝV
Jd©nyd©H nhZm H aVt& df© 1969 ‘| H ënZm H m {ddmh à^mV lrdmñVd go
hþAm& {ddmhmoËgd ~å~B© ‘| AŠQy ~a ‘| ‘Zm`m J`m& Cgr df© 24 AJñV
1969 Ho {XZ ‘wPo EH AÝ` nwÌaËZ àmá hþAm& h‘Zo Cgo {‘qcX Zm‘ {X`m,
ào‘ go Cgo ~ÝQr H hH a nwH maVo h¢& H ënZm Ho {ddmh ‘| ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘¢
VohamZ go 50 {H .J«m. {nñVm coH a Am`m Wm Š`mo|{H dhm± {nñVm ~hþV gñVm
Wm& CZHo {ddmh H m CËgd ^ì` Wm& ~å~B© Ho MmoQ r Ho cmoJ da-dYy H mo
Amerdm©X XoZo AmE& H ënZm Ho {ddmh H s EH AË`ÝV ‘Zmoa§OH H hmZr h¡
{Ogo Amn gwZZm Mmh|Jo&
^maV H s na§nam Ho AZwgma {ddmh Ho ñWmZ na {hO‹S o AmH a ZmMVo h¢
Am¡a Bgo ew^ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& naånam Ho AZwgma {hO‹S o dhm± AmE Am¡a dhm±
ZmMZm JmZm Mmhm& VrZ nrg H m gyQ nhZo ga gr.nr. D na AnZo
dmVmZwHy {cV H ‘ao ‘| ~¡R o hþE Wo Am¡a lr‘mVmOr H mo Cg g§JrV H m gm‘Zm
H aZo Ho {cE Nmo‹S {X`m Wm& lr‘mVmOr Zo `moOZm ~ZmB© Am¡a {hO‹S m| H mo ò
H hH a ga gr.nr. Ho nmg ôO {X`m {H D na EH cå~o go ì`pŠV h¢, Omo {H
XwëhZ Ho {nVm h¡§, dmo Vwåhmao ZmM-JmZo H mo ~hþV ngÝX H a|Jo& EH XO©Z
{hO‹S m| H m PwÊS ga gr.nr. Ho H ‘ao ‘| Mcm J`m& ga gr.nr. dhm± AnZo {‘Ìm|
137
Ho gmW emXr H s `moOZm ~Zm aho Wo& BVZo gmao {hO‹S m| H mo XoIH a dmo CZ na
{M„mZo cJo, naÝVw CÝhm|Zo CZHo {M„mZo na {~ëHw c Ü`mZ Zht {X`m&
ApÝV‘ g‘mYmZ Ho ê n ‘| CÝhm|Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo ~wcdm`m, naÝVw do
OmZ~yPH a dhm± go Jm`~ Wt& AV: ga gr.nr. H mo ~hþV go n¡go XoZo n‹S o& Ho dc
dhm± go OmZo Ho {cE hr Zht AnZm g§JrV Z gwZmZo Ho {cE ^r CÝh| n¡go XoZo
n‹S o& O~ dmo lr‘mVmOr go {‘co Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo CZgo H hm {H {hO‹S m| Ho
g§JrV H m Hw N AmZÝX Vmo CÝh| ^r coZm Mm{hE Wm, gmam g§JrV lr‘mVmOr Ho
{cE Nmo‹S XoZm RrH Zht h¡&
H ënZm H m {ddmh CËgd {H g Vah go Wm? lr‘mVmOr Zo cIZD go
agmoBò ~wcmE Wo {OÝhm|Zo ~hþV hr cμOrμO dñVwE§ V¡`ma H s¨& lr‘mVmOr Zo Ka
Ho ‘whÿV© Ho g‘` ^r `hr agmoBò ~wcmE Wo& lr‘mVmOr Ho ñZoh Ed§ ào‘‘`
ì`pŠVËd Ho gå‘wI do H¥ Vk Wo& AV: O~ lr‘mVmOr Zo CÝh| Am‘§{ÌV {H `m
Vmo CÝhm|Zo Vma ôOH a ~Vm`m {H dmo Am aho h¢, naÝVw CÝh| ~å~B© aocdo ñQoeZ
go EH Q´ H Ho gmW co Om`m OmE& Q´ H coH a CÝh| cmZo Ho {cE lr‘mVmOr
ñd`§ JBª& dmo AnZo gmW ~‹S r-~‹S r XoJ|, H cNo Am¡a nmoZo Am{X cmE Wo&
CÝhm|Zo emZXma ImZm ~Zm`m& EH AÝ` gå~ÝYr Xmo gm¡ ‘wJ} coH a Am`m Omo
CgZo ñd`§ nmco Wo& em‘m| H mo g§JrV JmopîR`m± hmoVt {OZ‘| ^maV Ho gwà{gÕ
g§JrVk AnZr H cm H m àXe©Z H aVo& ~hþV go g§JrVk {~Zm n¡go Ho AmE&
nyar-nyar amV g§JrV McVm& lr‘mVmOr H s cmoH {à`Vm Eogr Wr& gwJpÝYV
AJa~Îmr H s gwJÝY go nyam ñWmZ ‘hH OmVm& MÝX«nwa Ho g‘rn Ho {H gr Jm±d
Ho Hw N cmoJ ò gwJpÝY coH a AmE Wo& CÝhm|Zo ~Vm`m {H lr‘mVmOr Zo EH
Amamo½` Aml‘ (Sanatorium) ~Zdm`m h¡& ~mX ‘| ‘wPo nVm Mcm {H Bg
Amamo½` Aml‘ Ho {cE lr‘mVmOr Zo gmam YZ EH Ì {H `m Wm& do AË`ÝV
emÝV gm‘m{OH H m`©H Vm© Wt& EH ~ma do "ZoÌhrZm| Ho {‘Ì' (Friends of the
Blind) Zm‘H g§ñWm H s AÜ`j ~Zt& CZHo Zm‘ na ~hþV gmYZ EH Ì hþAm
Am¡a AmO ~å~B© ‘| dhm± na EH ~hþV gwÝXa ^dZ ~Zm hþAm h¡& CZH m H hZm
Wm {H ZoÌhrZ cmoJ ~hþV AÀNm g§Xoe Xo gH Vo h¢& ~mX ‘| {OZ cmoJm| H mo
à{ejU {X`m J`m do A~ ~hþV AÀNm H m`© H a aho h¢& ‘oaR ‘| CÝhm|Zo An§J
VWm eaUm{W©`m| Ho {cE EH eaUmWu J¥h H m ew^maå^ {H `m Wm& Hw îRJ¥h Ho
138
H m¶m] ‘| ^r dmo ~hþV ì`ñV hþB©& AnZo AZw^dm| go CÝhm|Zo nm`m {H A{YH Va
cmoJ nX, n¡gm nmZo Ho {cE `m cmoJm| Ho Y‘©n[ad{V©V H a AnZo Y‘© ‘| cmZo Ho
{cE gm‘m{OH H m`© H aVo h¢& naÝVw CZHo AZwgma gm‘m{OH H m`© Ho dc no«‘
Ed§ H éUm Ho H maU hr {H E OmZo Mm{hE§&
Hw N g‘` níMmV² H ënZm Zo EH ~oQ r H mo OÝ‘ {X`m& ~ÀMr Ho öX` ‘|
gwamI Wm Am¡a ~å~B© Ho Sm°ŠQam| Zo lr‘mVmOr H mo gcmh Xr {H do hmoñQZ
OmH a ~ÀMr Ho {Xc H m Am°naoeZ H admE§& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo VohamZ ‘| Q¡c¡Šg
{H `m {H ‘¢ Ý`y`mH© AmD §& naÝVw Q¡c¡Šg nhþ±MZo ‘| Xoa hþB© Am¡a O~ ‘¢ Ý`y`mH©
nhþ±Mm Vmo ‘¢Zo nm`m {H ~ÀMr H mo coH a do hmoñQZ Om MwHo h¢ VWm Am°naoeZ ‘|
~ÀMr Ho ~MZo H s H moB© Amem Zht h¡& So ÝQZ Hy cr (Denton Coolie), à{gÕ
öX` {M{H ËgH ~ÀMo H s XoI-aoI H a aho Wo& `h g~ ‘oao Ý`y`mH© nhþ±MZo go
nyd© hmo MwH m Wm Am¡a dmo ^maV cm¡Q JB§© Wr& AV: ‘¢ ^r cm¡Q Am`m&
AŠQy ~a 1970 ‘| ‘oao ‘mVmOr Jå^ra ê n go ~r‘ma n‹S JE& ‘wPo BgH s
gyMZm Xr JB© naÝVw ‘¢ B©amZ go ~mha `mÌm Z H a gH m Š`m|{H dhm± Ho EH
ñWmZr` H ‘©Mmar Zo ‘oao nmgnmoQ © ‘| Hw N J‹S ~‹S r H a Xr Wr Am¡a Eà B§{S`m Zo
Cg na Omo ‘wH Ô‘m {H `m Wm Cg‘| ‘oam nmgnmoQ © gmú` Ho ê n ‘| noe {H `m
OmZm Wm& lr‘mVmOr hmoñQZ go dm{ng AmBª Am¡a ‘mVmOr H mo {‘cZo JBª&
AmíM`© H s ~mV h¡ {H ‘oar ‘mVmOr AË`ÝV àgÝZ ‘wX«m ‘| Wo& CÝhm|Zo
lr‘mVmOr go nyN m {H Š`m CÝhmo|Zo dh ImoO {c`m h¡ Omo CZHo {nVmOr MmhVo
Wo? lr‘mVmOr Zo CÝh| ~Vm`m {H CÝhm|Zo gm‘y{hH AmË‘gmjmËH ma H s {d{Y
ImoO cr h¡& 11 AŠQy ~a 1970 H mo ‘oao ‘mVmOr ZmJnwa ‘| ñdJ© {gYma JE&
Xw^m©½`de Cg g‘` ‘¢ CZHo g‘rn Z hmo nm`m& ‘oao {cE `h ~hþV ~‹S m
AmKmV Wm Š`m|{H ‘oao öX` ‘| JhZ BÀNm ^r {H ‘¢ CÝh| VohamZ {XImZo co
OmD § VWm B©gm-‘grh H m OÝ‘ ñWmZ {XImZo Ho {cE òégc‘ co OmD ±&
A^r ‘¢ AnZr ‘m± H s Xw:IX ‘¥Ë`w Ho g‘mMma go C~aZo Ho à`ËZ ‘|
cJm hr hþAm Wm {H ‘wPo g§Xoe {‘cm {H ~å~B© go lr‘mVmOr ‘wPo {‘cZo Ho
{cE VohamZ Am ahr h¢& CÝh| Eà B§{S`m Zo AnZr no[ag CX²KmQZ C‹Sμ mZ Ho
{cE {Z‘§{ÌV {H `m h¡& BgHo níMmV² ‘oar àgÝZVm H s H moB© gr‘m Z ahr& ‘¢Zo
EH gámh H s Nw Å r Ho {cE àmW©Zm nÌ {X`m Am¡a AnZo ‘¡ZoOa lr.OmoJcoH a
139
H mo ~Vm`m {H Cg gámh Ho {cE ‘wPo Nw Å r Xo X| Š`m|{H ‘wPo {‘cZo Ho {cE EH
AË`ÝV {d{eîQ ì`pŠV Am ahm h¡& dm`wnÎmZ na O~ ‘¢ lr‘mVmOr go {‘cm Vmo
CZHo nmg H moB© gm‘mZ Z Wm& ‘wñH amVo hþE CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H CZH m
gm‘mZ BYa-CYa hmo J`m h¡ naÝVw CÝh| Amem h¡ {H gm‘mZ CÝh| {‘c
OmEJm& Eà-B§{S`m H m H ‘©Mmar hmoZo Ho ZmVo ‘wPo ~hþV naoemZr Z hþB© Am¡a
‘¢Zo {dídâ ‘| gm‘mZ ImoOZo Ho {cE g§Xoe ôOZo ewé H a {XE& AÝVV: VrZ
{XZ Ho níMmV² CZH m gm‘mZ dm{ng Am J`m& V~ VH CÝhm|Zo Hw ‘wX Ho dñÌm|
H m Cn`moJ {H `m& AnZo gm‘mZ Ho à{V lr‘mVmOr Ho CXmgrZ X¥pîQH moU Zo
‘wPo Aem§V H a {X`m naÝVw do nyU©V: {Z{c©á Ed§ emÝV Wt& CZHo AÝXa hþE
Zd-n[adV©Z H m kmZ ‘wPo Z Wm& ‘¢ Bg ~mV go nyU©V: AZ{^k Wm {H Cg
df© nm±M ‘B© Ho {XZ CÝhm|Zo AnZr nyU© A{^ì`pŠV H a cr Wr& n[aUm‘ñdê n
O~ ‘¢ CÝh| VohamZ Kw‘mZo ,dhm± Ho gwÝXa CÚmZ, emhr ‘hc, H mcrZ CÚmoJ
Am¡a emhr aËZ {XImZo Ho {cE J`m Vmo CÝhm|Zo d¡gr à{V{H« `m Z H s O¡gr CÝh|
H aZr Mm{hE Wr& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H aËZm| Am¡a ‘hcm| ‘| CZH s H moB©
{XbMñnr Z Wr& BZH s Anojm do àH¥ {V Ho gmW ahZm MmhVr Wt& X{jUr
VohamZ ‘| {eamμO Zm‘H ñWmZ na ngunmo{cg Ho IÊSha {XImZo O~ ‘¢ CÝh|
co J`m Vmo ‘wPo Am¡a ^r AmíM`© hþAm& IÊSha XoIVo hr CÝhm|Zo H hm `h Vmo
A‘amdVr h¡& ‘wPo cJm {H CZHo ‘pñVîH ‘| Hw N J‹S ~‹S hmo JB© h¡ Š`m|{H
A‘amdVr Vmo ZmJnwa Ho EH gm¡ nMmg {H .‘r. npíM‘ ‘| EH NmoQ m gm H ñ~m
h¡& ‘¢Zo O~ H hm ò A‘amdVr Zht hmo gH Vr& Vmo CÝhm|Zo CÎma {X`m {H do Cg
A‘amdVr H s ~mV Zht H a aht Omo ‘¢Zo g‘Pr Wr& dmo Vmo ^JdmZ BÝÐ Ho
amÁ` H s ~mV H a ahr h¢& AmO Omo IÊSha Wo do {H gr g‘` ‘| gmBag ‘hmZ
(Cyrus) H m ‘hc Wm& Bg ‘hc Ho AmR ñVå^ Wo Am¡a ha ñVå^ ‘o EH
qghmgZ ~Zm hþAm Wm {Og na ‘hmamOm Ho Xa~mar ~¡R m H aVo Wo& ‘hmamOm
AnZo gå‘wI cmE JE ‘m‘cm| na {ZU©` {H `m H aVo Wo& `Ú{n I§S ham| go Eogm
Hw N ^r Z àH Q hmoVm Wm, naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘hc H s ~ZmdQ, qghmgZ
Am¡a Hy {g©`m| Ho aIo OmZo Ho {df` ‘| BVZo {dñVma nyd©H dU©Z {H `m {H ò
dU©Z BÝÐXod Ho gm‘«mÁ` A‘amdVr H s à{VH¥ {V O¡gm cJm& ‘oao A{dídmg
H mo XoIH a CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo H hm {H ‘¢ AnZo JmBS go Bg ~mV H s nwpîQ H ê §& ~‹S r
140
{hM{H MmhQ Ho gmW ‘¢ JmBS Ho nmg J`m {H dmo H ht ‘wPo Zm¡{gpI`m hr Z
‘mZ co Am¡a Cgo ~VmZo cJm {H ‘oar ~hZ Bg ‘hc Ho {df` ‘| AOr~ T§J go
gmoMVr h¢& ‘oar ~mV gwZH a dh BVZm h¡amZ hþAm {H CgZo nyN m {H Š`m
AmnH s ~hZ {H gr nwamVËd {dkmZ g§ñWm H s gXñ`m h¢? CgZo ~Vm`m {H
CZH m H hm hþAm EH -EH eãX gË` h¡ Am¡a ‘hc Ho {df` ‘| CZH m dU©Z
eVà{VeV RrH h¡& CgZo lr‘mVmOr go {‘cZo H s BÀNm ì`ŠV H s& ‘¢ nyU©V:
AdmμH Wm& AnZr A{dídmg H s pñW{V ‘| ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H ‘hc H m BVZm ghr
dU©Z CÝhm|Zo {H gr nwñVH go n‹T m hmoJm& Bg ~mV H mo ‘¢ {~ëHw c Z g‘P
gH m {H do M¡VÝ` ch[a`m| H s ^mfm ~moc ahr Wt& ‘wPo Xygam PQH m V~ cJm
O~ CÝhm|Zo H hm {H QmoŠ`mo go AmE ‘oao g‘nXmgrZ gmWr (Counter Part),
Omo {H Bg ^«‘U ‘| h‘mao gmW Wo, dh ^maVr` ‘yc Ho Wo& ‘¢ Š`m|{H QmoŠ`mo ‘|
CZHo gmW ah MwH m Wm Am¡a CZHo eV-à{VeV OmnmZr ‘yc Ho ‘mVm-{nVm
Am¡a nËZr go {‘c MwH m Wm, ‘wPo nyU© {dídmg Wm {H Cg‘| ^maVr` aŠV Zht
h¡& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Bg ~mV na ~c Xo ahr Wt§& CÝh| JcV gm{~V H aZo Ho
{cE ‘¢ AnZo gmWr H mo EH Amoa co J`m Am¡a Cggo nyN m {H Š`m Cg‘| Hw N
^maVr` aŠV h¡& XoIZo ‘| dh nyar Vah go OmnmZr cJVm Wm Am¡a ò àíZ
AZmdí`H àVrV hþAm& Bg{cE ‘¢Zo Cggo ò ^r H hm {H ‘¢ OmZVm hÿ± {H
Amn OmnmZr h¢ naÝVw ‘oar ~hZ Ho ‘Z ‘| X¥‹T ^mdZm h¡ {H Amn‘| ^maVr`
aŠV h¡& ‘oao AmíM`© H s gr‘m Z ahr O~ CgZo H hm {H lr‘mVmOr RrH h¢&
CgH s AnZr ‘m± ^maVr` ‘{hcm Wt Am¡a {Og ‘{hcm go ‘¢ QmoŠ`mo ‘| {‘cm
Wm dh CgH s gm¡Vocr ‘m± Wr& EH hr {XZ ‘| Xmo Eogr KQZmAm| H m K{QV hmoZm,
Omo ‘mZdr` ‘pñVîH H s gmoM go nao Wt, Zo ‘wPo AmíM`©M{H V H a {X`m&
^m¡{VH MrμOm| ‘| {~ëHw c H moB© {XbMñnr Z {XImZm, ImoE hþE gm‘mZ Ho à{V
nyU© {Z{c©áVm, BZ XmoZmo§ KQZmAm| Zo ‘wPo {dídñV H a {X`m {H {ZpíMV ê n
go do n[ad{V©V hmo JBª h¢& ‘¢ n[adV©Z H m H maU, CZHo AÝVn©[adV©Z H m òmoV
OmZZo Ho {cE CËgwH Wm&
AV: gm`§H mc {eamμO Ho gwÝXa CÚmZ ‘| ~¡R o hþE O~ h‘ H m°’ s H s
MwpñH `m± co aho Wo Vmo ‘¢Zo CZgo {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po nyN m {H Š`m hmc hr ‘|
CZH mo H moB© AÝVn©[ad©VZ hþAm h¡?
141
AÜ`m`-8
1970 go 1986
lr‘mVmOr H m àH QrH aU
‘oao àíZ Ho CÎma ‘| CÝhm|Zo AnZr ~hþ‘yë` ‘wñH mZ {~IoaVo hþE H hm {H

dmo ‘wPgo AnZo AmÜ`mpË‘H OrdZ Ho {df` ‘o ~mVMrV H aZm MmhVr Wt
naÝVw ‘¢ BVZm ’± gm hþAm Wm {H CÝhm|Zo `h àíZ nyN Zo VH Bg {df` H mo ‘oao
gå‘wI Zht CRm`m& CZHo AmÜ`mpË‘H OrdZ Ho {df` ‘| ‘oar CËgwH Vm
BVZr Vrd« hmo JB© {H ‘¢Zo CZgo AZwamoY {H `m {H AnZo AmÜ`mpË‘H OrdZ Ho
{df` ‘| dmo ‘wPo g^r Hw N ~VmE§, {deofH a H ënZm Ho {ddmh Ho níMmV² Ho
OrdZ Ho & CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo Omo ~Vm`m ‘¢ AmJo Bgr H m dU©Z H a ahm hÿ±&
CÝhm|Zo H hm {H AnZo e¡ed H mc go hr do ‘mZd H mo CgH s gm§gm[aH
VWm ^m¡{VH AmXVm| Ho XmgËd go ‘wŠV H aZo Ho {H gr g‘mYmZ H mo ImoOZo ‘|
à`ËZaV Wt& Bg cú` H mo àmá H aZo Ho {cE CÝhm|Zo {ddoH mZÝX, am‘H¥ îU
na‘h§g H mo n‹T m Am¡a {MÝ‘`mZÝX VWm AÝ` gwà{gÕ AmÜ`mpË‘H ZoVmAm|
Ho àdMZ gwZo& CZHo g^r ^mfU VWm àdMZ ‘mZ{gH ñVa Ho Wo Am¡a ò
‘mZ{gH H cm~m{Oμ`m± ‘mZd H mo ‘wpŠV Zht {XcdmVt& Bggo CZHo ‘pñVîH
‘| BZ VWmH {WV AmÜ`mpË‘H ‘mJ© Xe©H m| Ho à{V g§e` CËnÝZ hmo J`m {H
Š`m do ‘mZd H mo ‘moj H s Amoa co Om gH| Jo ?
BZ VWmH {WV AmÜ`mpË‘H ‘wpI`mAm| Ho ^«m‘H dŠVì`m| Zo CÝh| ~hþV
pIÝZ H a {X`m& EH àíZ h‘oem CZHo ‘pñVîH ‘| Ky‘Vm ahVm {H Š`m ò
AmÜ`mpË‘H AJwAm cmoJ ñd`§ ^r Á`mo{V‘©` h¢ `m ò Cgr àH ma cmoJm| H m
‘mJ©Xe©Z H a aho h¢ O¡go EH AÝYm Xygao AÝYo H m ‘mJ©Xe©Z H aVm h¡ Am¡a
XmoZm| H ht Zht nhþ±M nmVo! Á`mo{V‘©` go CZH m A{^àm` AmÝV[aH Á`mo{V go
Wm& Š`m CZHo ò ^mfU, ò àdMZ gmYH H mo AmpË‘H àH me H m
dmñVdrH aU H admVo h¢?EH AÝ` àíZ {OgH m CÎma CÝh| Z {‘c nm`m, dh
ò Wm {H na‘ nwéf H hcmZo dmco ò cmoJ Š`m ^moco-^mco AÝOmZ gmYH m| H mo
‘moj Ho nW na co OmZo Ho A{YH mar h¢? Am¡a `{X h¢ Vmo CÝh| ò A{YH ma H hm±
142
go {‘cm? Bg {Xì` epŠV Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go AnZm àH QrH aU H aZo go nyd©
lr‘mVmOr H mo Bg dOh go g‘` cJm& emñÌm| Ho AnZo JhZ AÜ``Z Ho
H maU ghO öX` gmYH m| H mo BZ VWmH {WV AmÜ`mpË‘H AJwAmAm| Ûmam
gå‘mo{hV H a {cE OmZo H s CÝhm|Zo {deof ê n go AmcmoMZm H s& àíZ ò Wm
{H Omo kmZ CÝhm|Zo àmá {H `m h¡ dmo Š`m Á`mo{VV kmZ Wm `m ò ‘mÌ emñÌm|
H mo dmMZm `m CZH s JcV ì`m»`m H aZm Wm ?
CÝhm|Zo AmJo ~Vm`m {H ~MnZ go hr CZHo öX` ‘| ‘mZd H m AÝVa
n[adV©Z H aZo, CgH m {hV H aZo H s AÝVOm©V BÀNm Wr& naÝVw AnZr
{ejm, amîQ´ Ho à{V H V©ì`m|, nËZr VWm ‘m± Ho ê n ‘| AnZo H V©ì`m| H mo nyU©
H aZo Ho {cE CÝhm|Zo AnZr A{^ì`pŠV H mo Qmco aIm& dmo nyU©V: {dídñV Wt
{H CZHo AÝXa {dÚ‘mZ epŠV ‘mZd ‘mÌ ‘| Á`mo{V àH m{eV H a XoZo ‘|
gj‘ h&¡ CÝh| Bg ~mV H m ^r {dídmg Wm {H CZH s epŠV Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go
Á`m{oV‘`© hmHo a gmYH AÝ` cmJom| H mo ^r Á`m{oV‘`© H aZo Ho `m½o` hmo OmEJm&
‘B© 1970 ‘| JwOamV amÁ` Ho ZmaJmoc Zm‘H ñWmZ na AmMm`© aOZre
Zo EH JmoîRr ({e{da) H m Am`moOZ {H `m& ZmaJmoc ‘| do ‘w»`V: ò OmZZo Ho
{cE JBª {H aOZre {H g àH ma JmoîRr H m Am`moOZ H a ahm h¡& Amem
AZwê n aOZre Zo g^r Xe©H m| H mo gå‘mo{hV H a {c`m Wm Am¡a dmo g~ ‘mZd
Z hmoH a A~ CgHo hmWm| ‘| pIbm¡Zo Wo& EH ~aJX Ho no‹S Ho ZrMo ~¡R hþE
lr‘mVmOr Zo `h g~ XoIm& ^moco-^mco gmYH m| H m Bg àH ma Xwén`moJ {H `m
OmZm CZgo ghZ Z hþAm& CÝh| Eogm cJm {H A{^ì`pŠV H m `hr Cn`wŠV
g‘` h¡& AV: 4 ‘B© 1970 H s amV H mo do go{‘Zma Ho ñWmZ go Xya EH ñWmZ
na JBª Am¡a dhm± Ü`mZ ‘¢ ~¡R JBª& CZH m ‘wI nydu AmH me H s Amoa Wm Am¡a
nrR g‘wÐ H s Amoa& gmar amV ~¡R H a CÝhm|Zo Ü`mZ {H `m Am¡a nyd© ‘| AmH me
‘| g`y© {H aU ’y QZo Ho gmW-gmW CÝh| AnZo AÝXa epŠVemcr AZ^wd hA þ m&
CÝh| cJm {H CZH m {ga, CZH m ghòma AMmZH IwcZo cJm h¡ Am¡a
Cg‘| go Jmoc AmH ma H m H ‘c àH Q hþAm& àH Q hmoVo hr CgH s EH hOma
n§Iw{‹S `m± à‚d{cV hmo CRt& BZH m àH me Vmo Wm naÝVw ò AË`ÝV ‘¥Xw àH me
Wm& {~Zm {Q‘{Q‘mE `h àH me ghòma go ~mha ^r ’¡ c J`m, AmH me H s
Amoa& AMmZH H ‘c cwá hmo J`m Am¡a BgH m ñWmZ EH hOma n§Iw{‹S `m| dmco
143
EH AÝ` nwîn Zo co {c`m& gwJ‘Vm nyd©H do BZ n§Iw{‹S `m| H mo {JZ gH s¨& `h
nwîn CZHo nyao eara ‘| erVc M¡VÝ` ch[a`m± àgm[aV H a ahm Wm& CÝhm|Zo
AnZr Hw ÊS{cZr H mo CRVo hþE, ghòma H m ôXZ H aVo hþE Am¡a ghòXc
nwîn Ûmam àgm[aV erVc ch[a`m| go EH ê n hmoVo hþE ^r ‘hgyg {H `m&
erVc ch[a`m| Ho H maU nwîn H s n§Iw{‹S `m± chamZo cJt& M¡VÝ` ch[a`m| H m
àdmh {ZaÝVa A{dac Wm& dmo OmZVr Wt {H M¡VÝ` ch[a`m| Ho Bg àdmh na
CZH m H moB© {Z`§ÌU Zht h¡ VWm `h A{dac ~hVr hr aho§Jr& ‘B© H m ‘hrZm
AË`ÝV J‘u H m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a g‘wX« VQ na hmoZo Ho H maU dhm± C‘g ^r Wr,
{’ a ^r CÝh| AnZo AÝXa AË`ÝV erVc cJ ahm Wm& EH hμOma n§Iw{‹S `m|
dmcm nwîn cwá hmo J`m Am¡a EH hOma Xrnm| dmcm nwîn nwZ: {XImB© {X`m& Bg
~ma `h {^ÝZ a§Jm| H s Xrn-{eImAm| H m g§`moOZ (Fusion) Wm {OgZo
ghòma H m Bg àH ma go ôXZ {H `m ‘mZmo {H gr Á`mo{V{H aU Zo {H `m hmo&
`Ú{n CZHo ghòma go erVc ch[a`m± ~h ahr Wt naÝVw BÝhm|Zo {H gr ^r
àH ma go Bg Á`mo{V{H aU H mo Smdm±S moc Z {H `m& `h àH me {H aU AmH me
H s Amoa ~‹T ahr Wr VWm gy`© Ho àH me Ho ~mdOyX ^r Bgo XoIm Om gH Vm
Wm& CÝh| cJm {H CZHo AÝXa go AJmY D Om© ~hZo cJr h¡ naÝVw D Om© Ho
Bg àgma Zo {H gr ^r àH ma go CÝh| WH m`m Zht & D Om© H m `h A{dac
àdmh dmñVd ‘| epŠVXm`r AZw^d Wm& Bg KQZm go CÝh| AË`ÝV àgÝZVm
Ed§ AmZ§X H s AZw^y{V hþB©& CZH s Am±I| M‘H aht Wr Am¡a {~Zm MH m-Mm¢Y
hþE do gy`© H s Amoa XoI gH Vr Wt& lr‘mVmOr g‘P JBª {H CZH s
A{^ì`pŠV hmo JB© h¡ VWm CZH s AmÝV[aH epŠV nyU© J[a‘m nyd©H ~h ahr
h¡& dmo ò ^r OmZ JBª {H Bg epŠV Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go CÝh| ‘mZdOm{V H m CÕma
H aZm h¡ Š`m|{H `h epŠV na‘²-M¡VÝ` (ewÕ M¡VÝ` ch[a`m±) h¢ VWm `h ^r
{H do hr Bg D Om© H m g«moV h¢ AWm©V² "Am{XepŠV'h¢&
lr‘mVmOr OmZVr Wr {H CZH s A{^ì`pŠV hmo MwH s h¡ VWm dmo ò ^r
OmZVr Wt {H AmMm`© aOZre Zo {Og go{‘Zma H m Am`moOZ {H `m h¡ dh
cmoJm| H mo ^«{‘V H aZo Ho {cE h¡& AV: go{‘Zma H m ñWmZ Nmo‹S H a do ~å~B©
cm¡Q AmBª& ‘mJ© ‘| CÝhm|Zo Bg ~mV na {dMma {H `m {H {H g àH ma do cmoJm| H mo
~VmE§ {H CZH s A{^ì`pŠV hmo JB© h¡& Š`m CZHo AnZo cmoJ, CZHo AnZo
144
n{V, ~ÀMo Am¡a gå~ÝYr CZH m {dídmg H a|Jo? dmo OmZVr Wt {H H moB© ^r
CZH m {dídmg Zht H aoJm, Ho dc Am{XepŠV Ho ê n ‘| CZH s A{^ì`pŠV
H s j‘Vm na hr Zht, ~pëH AnZr ‘m±, nËZr, ~hZ, ~wAm, MmMr ‘| Bg àH ma
H s AmÜ`mpË‘H epŠV hmo gH Vr h¡ Bg na {dídmg H aZo H s `mo½`Vm hr
CZ‘| Z Wr& Vmo CÝhm|Zo AnZo Amn go H hm {H Bg {df` ‘| {H gr go ~mV Z
H aZm Am¡a AnZr dmñV{dH pñW{V H m àH QrH aU H aZo Ho {cE Cn`wŠV
g‘` H s àVrjm H aZm hr RrH hmoJm& dmo OmZVr Wt {H `{X CÝhm|Zo AnZo
AmÜ`mpË‘H AmJ‘Z (Spiritual Advent) Ho {df` ‘| ~Vm`m Vmo H moB© ^r CZ
na {dídmg Zht H aoJm, BVZo ~‹S o Xmdo Ho {cE cmoJ CZH m ‘OmμH Oê a
C‹S mE§Jo& CZH m X¥‹T {dídmg Wm {H CZHo eãXm| go H ht A{YH CZH m H m`©
CZH s epŠV`m| Ho {df` ‘| ~VmEJm& ì`pŠVJV CncpãY`m| H m Ohm± VH
gå~ÝY h¡ AmO ^r CZH m H m`© hr BÝh| àH Q H aVm h¡& H moB© ì`pŠV `{X
amoJ‘wŠV hmo OmE Vmo AmO ^r do H hVr h¢ ò na‘²-M¡VÝ` H m H m`© h¡& ‘wPo `mX
h¡ {H Ho dc EH ~ma ghO`mo{J`m| Ho ~c XoZo na CÝhm|Zo H hm Wm {H ‘¢
"Am{XepŠV' hÿ±& CZHo Bg JwU Zo gX¡d ‘wP na JhZ à^md Smcm&
Vmo do Ka AmBª Am¡a empÝVnyd©H AnZo ~ÀMm| Am¡a AnZo n{V H s
XoI^mc Ho H m‘ H mo H aZo cJr& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H CÝh| g‘PZo dmcm
Ho dc EH hr ì`pŠV Wm Am¡a dmo Wo h‘mao {nVm {OÝhm|Zo EH ~ma CÝh| H hm Wm
{H O~ do gm‘y{hH AmË‘gmjmËH ma XoZo Ho `mo½` ~Z OmE§ Ho dc V^r AnZr
A{^ì`pŠV H a|& lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo H hm {H Bg{cE do AnZo {nVm H s H ‘r
H mo ‘hgyg H a ahr h¢& Bg g‘` CZH s Amdí`H Vm ò Wr {H H moB© CÝh|
nhMmZo, AnZr A{^ì`pŠV H s KmofUm H aZo H m H moB© cm^ Z Wm&
erK« hr CZHo gå‘wI EH Adga Am`m {OgZo AmÜ`mpË‘H AJwAm Ho
ê n ‘| CZH s nhMmZ ~Zm Xr, Mmho ò nhMmZ Am{XepŠV Ho ê n ‘| Z Wr& ga
gr.nr. Ho Xya Ho EH gå~ÝYr AnZr nËZr Ho gmW CZHo Ka na AmE& dmo
Š`m|{H ga gr.nr. Am¡a lr‘mVmOr go Am`w ‘| ~‹S o Wo Bg{cE gå‘mZ Xem©Zo Ho
{cE lr‘mVmOr Zo gm‹S r H m n„ÿ {ga na co {c`m Am¡a AmJÝVwH n{V-nËZr
Ho MaU ñne© H aZo Mmho& ({hÝXwAm| ‘| ò àWm h¡ {H ~‹S m| H m Amerdm©X coZo Ho
{cE CZHo MaU-ñne© {H E OmVo h¢&) naÝVw Cg gå~ÝYr Zo lr‘mVmOr Ho
145
MaU-ñne© H aZo na EVamμO {H `m Š`m|{H ñdßZ ‘| CÝh| lr‘mVmOr Xodr Ho
ê n ‘| {XImB© Xr Wt Am¡a CÝhm|Zo Xodr ê n ‘| CÝh| AmídmgZ {X`m Wm {H do
{~Zm {H gr XdmB© Ho CZH s nËZr H mo amoJ-‘wŠV H a gH Vr h¢& dmo lr‘mVmOr
go H hZo cJo {H Amn Vmo Xodr h¢, h‘| AmnHo MaU ñne© H aZo Mm{hE§&
amoJr H s amoJ‘wpŠV H m lo`, Xw^m©½`de, CgH s lr‘mVmOr Ho à{V JhZ
AmñWm H mo {X`m J`m, lr‘mVmOr H s AmÜ`mpË‘H epŠV H mo Zht& AnZr ‘m±
`m nËZr H mo AmÜ`mpË‘H epŠV Ho ê n ‘| ñdrH ma H aZm CZH s ~o{Q`m|, n{V
Am¡a gå~pÝY`m| Ho gÝXohmË‘H ‘pñVîH go nao H s ~mV Wr& naÝVw Bg KQZm
Zo CZHo {dídmg H mo X¥‹T Vm àXmZ H s {H AÝVV: do ‘mZd H mo ‘m`ma{MV
CgH s ^«‘ H s pñW{V go ‘wŠV H a gH| Jr& dmo OmZVr Wt {H ào‘ H s epŠV
BVZr epŠVemcr h¡ {H do AnZo ‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmcr g^r ~mYmAm| na {Z`§ÌU
H a c|Jr&
dmo ò ^r OmZVr Wt {H AmÜ`mpË‘H ê n go cmoJm| VH nhþ±MZo Ho {cE
cmoJm| Ho amoJ Xya H aHo CÝh| AnZr epŠV Xem©Zr hmoJr& H¢ ga amoJr Ho RrH
hmoZo H m g‘mMma CZHo Hw N OmZ-nhMmZ Ho cmoJm|, {‘Ìm| VWm ew^{MÝVH m|
VH nhþ±Mm VWm CZ‘| go Hw N cmoJ AnZr emar[aH g‘ñ`mE§ coH a CZHo nmg
nhþ±Mo& Ho dc EH ‘{hcm lr‘Vr AmoH (Mrs.Oak) Zo CÝh| Jwé ê n ‘| ñdrH ma
{H `m Am¡a lr‘mVmOr Ho g^r AmXoem| H m nmcZ H aZo cJr& Bg àH ma OwcmB©
1970 Ho cJ^J ghO`moJ J{V{d{Y Amaå^ hþBª& do O~ VohamZ AmBª Wt Vmo
CZHo cJ^J EH XO©Z AZw`m`r Wo, MÝXw~mBª Odoar, amCc ~mB© Am¡a Hw N
AÝ`& BZ‘| go Hw N cmoJ Vmo BÝh| amoJ RrH H aZo dmcm hr ‘mZVo Wo naÝVw Hw N
cmoJ BÝh| AmÜ`mpË‘H gÝV ^r ‘mZVo Wo&
cJmVma VrZ KÊQo VH dmo ‘wPgo ~mVMrV H aVr aht& O~ CÝhm|Zo
~mVMrV ewé H s Vmo g§Ü`mH mc Wm, O~ ~mVMrV g‘má hþB© Vmo am{Ì hmo MwH s
Wr Am¡a h‘ XmoZm| H mo Bg ~mV H m Am^mg ^r Z hþAm Wm {H {H g àH ma VrZ
KÊQo ~rV JE& CÝhm|Zo AmÜ`mpË‘H àd¥{Îm dmco ‘oao Hw N {‘Ìm| H mo
AmË‘gmjmËH ma XoZo H s BÀNm àH Q H s& AV: VohamZ cm¡Q Zo na ‘¢Zo AnZo
Hw N {‘Ìm| H mo ’ moZ H aHo AJco {XZ lr‘mVmOr Ho gmW CZHo am{Ì ^moO Ed§
AmÜ`mpË‘H JmoîRr H m à~ÝY {H `m&
146
‘oao {OZ {‘Ìm| Zo lr‘mVmOr Ho {df` ‘| ‘wPgo gwZm Wm CZHo ‘Z ‘|
lr‘mVmOr Ho à{V gå‘mZ OmJ CRm Wm& AV: CÝhm|Zo CZH m ñdmJV H aZo H m
{ZU©` {H `m& VohamZ ‘| Bg Vah Ho gËH ma H aZo Ho ñWmZ Ho dc am{Ì Šb~
hr Wo& h‘ CÝh| EH am{Ì Šb~ ‘| co JE Am¡a ‘oao {‘Ìm| Zo ‘mÌ gËH ma Ho ê n ‘|
CÝh| e¡ånoZ An©U H s& ‘¢ {ZpíMV ê n go CcPZ ‘| Wm Š`m|{H ñnîQ ê n go
~VmZo Ho ~mX ^r {H lr‘mVmOr Ho gå‘wI {H gr ^r Vah H s eam~ Z noe H s
OmE, Z nr OmE, ‘oao {‘Ìm| Zo Eogm {H `m Wm&lr‘mVmOr Zo BgHo {cE ñnîQ
BÝH ma H a {X`m, naÝVw ‘oar CcPZ H mo ^r g‘Pm& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H ‘oao {‘Ìm|
Ho e¡ånoZ nrZo na CÝho| H moB© EVamO Zht h¡& ‘wPo Bg ~mV H m ^r ^` Wm {H
‘oao {‘Ì ‘wPo ^r e¡ånoZ nrZo Ho {cE H h|Jo& naÝVw CZH s {ddoH ~w{Õ Zo H m`©
{H `m& ‘oao ñWmZ na CÝhm|Zo ‘oar nËZr H mo ‘{Xam noe H s naÝVw CgZo ^r nrZo
go BÝH ma H a {X`m& `hm± ‘¢ ~VmZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H ‘¢ H ^r ^r eam~r Z Wm Am¡a
lr‘mVmOr Ho gå‘wI e¡ån¡Z nrZo H m Vmo ‘¢ ñdßZ ‘| ^r Z gmoM gH Vm Wm& ‘oao
‘Z ‘| CZHo à«{V BVZm gå‘mZ Wm!
AJco {XZ ‘oao cJ^J 20 {‘Ì, {OZ‘| go Hw N npËZ`m| Ho gmW Wo, ‘oao
Ka am{Ì^moO Ed§ AmÜ`mpË‘H OmJ¥{V Ho {cE AmE& ^maVr` XyVmdmg,
g§`wŠV-amîQ´ , `mÌm-EoO|{g`m| Ho ‘oao {‘Ì, g‘mMma nÌm| Ho cmoJ VWm ‘oao
‘¡ZoOa ^r AmE& am{Ì ^moO Ho níMmV² AmË‘-gmjmËH ma H m H m`©H« ‘ hþAm&
CZ {XZm| lr‘mVmOr AmË‘-gmjmËH ma go nyd© cmoJm| H mo {cQm XoVr Wt& O~ do
AmË‘-gmjmËH ma Xo ahr Wt Vmo ‘¢ g‘rn I‹S m hþAm g~ J{V{d{Y XoI ahm
Wm& AMmZH ‘wPo MÝXZ H s gwJÝY AmB©& ò gwJÝY BVZr Vrd« Wr {H nyam
H ‘am MÝXZ H s Iwe~y go â J`m& ‘wPo gÝXoh hþAm {H lr‘mVmOr AnZo ng©
‘| Hw N MÝXZ H s cH ‹S r co AmBª Wt Am¡a ‘¢ ò ^cr-^m§{V OmZVm Wm {H
VohamZ ‘| MÝXZ H s cH ‹S r cmZo H s g»V ‘Zmhr h¡& Š`mo§{H g‘mMma nÌm| Ho
à{V{Z{Y ^r AmË‘ gmjmËH ma coZo dmco cmoJm| ‘| Wo, {H gr AZhmoZr KQZm
K{QV hmoZo Ho ^` go ‘¢ CZHo nmg J`m Am¡a Yrao go ’w g’w gm`m {H H ht do
AnZo gmW MÝXZ H s cH ‹S r Vmo Zht co AmBª? Bg ~mV na do IwcH a h±gr
Am¡a {~Zm Hw N ~moco AnZr A§Jwcr Sm°ŠQa XrdmZ H s Va’ CRmH a H hm {H ‘¢
OmH a CZHo {ga H mo gy±Ky§& AmË‘gmjmËH ma àmá H aHo Sm.XrdmZ, Omo {H EH
147
{^ÝZ g§gma ‘| Wo, AnZo {ga go MÝXZ H s gwJÝY àgm[aV H a aho Wo& CZHo
{ga H mo gy±KH a ‘¢Zo CZHo H mZ ‘| CZH m Zm‘ nwH mam naÝVw CZ‘| H moB©
à{V{H« `m Z Wr& CÝh| {hcmH a ‘¢Zo nyN m {H H ht CÝhm|Zo Eogm Voc Vmo Zht
cJm`m {H {Og‘| MÝXZ H s gwJÝY hmo? CgZo CÎma {X`m {H H m’ s g‘` go
CgZo Voc cJmZm hr ~ÝX H a {X`m Wm Š`m|{H CZHo ~mc P‹S Zo cJo Wo&
CÝhm|Zo H hm {H lr‘mVmOr Zo CZHo {ga ‘| RÊSm H aZo dmcr H moB© MrμO Smcr
hmoJr Š`m|{H AÝXa go do ~hþV hr erVc ‘hgyg H a aho h¢& ‘¢ AmíM`©M{H V
Wm {H BVZr Xya I‹S o hmoH a H¡ go lr‘mVmOr {H gr Ho {ga ‘| gwJÝYr àgm[aV
H a gH Vr h¢!
EH AÝ` nmagr ‘{hcm, ~¡gmpI`m| na AmB© Wr Š`m|{H Cgo ^`§H a
J{R`m amoJ Wm& AmË‘gmjmËH ma Ho níMmV² O~ dmo JB§© Vmo {~Zm ~¡gmpI`m| Ho
Wt& AJco {XZ Cgo ñd`§ AnZr H ma McmVo hþE XoIm J`m&
AJco {XZ VohamZ Ho g^r ‘w»` A§Jo«Or g‘mMma-nÌm| Zo Bg g‘mMma
H mo Nmnm Am¡a H hm {H d{U©V g‘mMma Ho CZHo gådmXXmVm gmjmV² gmjr Wo&
ò g‘mMma ~hþV go cmoJm| Zo n‹T m Am¡a AMmZH ‘wPo ~hþV go Qo{c’ moZ AmZo cJo
Am¡a em‘ VH ~hþV go cmoJ AnZo ~r‘ma gå~pÝY`m| Ho gmW ‘oao Ka Ho AmJo
cmBZ cJmH a I‹S o Wo& EH Xmonha níMmV² O~ ‘¢ ^moOZ Ho {cE Ka J`m Vmo
~hþV go cmoJm| H mo AnZo ^dZ Ho Ûma na I‹S o nm`m& nyN Zo na CÝhm|Zo ~Vm`m
{H do g~ lr‘mVmOr go Amerdm©X coZo Ho {cE AnZr ~mar H s àVrjm H a aho
h¢& Xmonha Ho ^moOZ H m g‘` hmoZo Ho H maU ‘oar nËZr Zo CÝh| àVrjm H aZo Ho
{cE H hm Wm& ‘¢Zo CZgo nyN m {H do ~mha I‹S o hmoH a Š`m| àVrjm H a aho h¢?
Bg na CÝhm|Zo CÎma {X`m {H ‘oam Ka àVrjm H aZo dmco cmoJm| go nhco hr âm
hþAm Wm& O~ ‘¢ AnZo âb¡Q ‘| Am`m Vmo ‘¢Zo XoIm {H Hw N ^maVr`, ’ magr,
n{e©`Z, co~ZmZr Am¡a Hw N B©amZr ‘wgc‘mZ cmoJ lr‘mVmOr Ho ^moOZ H a
coZo H s àVrjm H a aho Wo& CZH s cmoH {à`Vm BVZr Wr {H O~ dmo AmBª Wt Vmo
‘¢ CZH m n[aM` AnZr ~hZ Ho ê n ‘| H admVm Wm naÝVw O~ dmo JBª Vmo ‘oam
n[aM` CZHo ^mB© Ho ê n ‘| H am`m OmVm Wm&
lr‘mVmOr ‘oao gmW cJ^J AmR {XZ aht Am¡a ZJa ‘| Hw N IarXXmar
Ho níMmV² do ~å~B© cm¡Q JBª& CZHo OmZo Ho níMmV² ^r CÝh| ImoOVo hþE cmoJ
148
‘oao Ka na AmVo aho&
VohamZ ‘| CZH s `mÌm Zo {ZpíMV ê n go ‘wPo hŠH m-~ŠH m H a {X`m&
EH Amoa Vmo ‘¢ Bg ~mV H mo ñdrH ma H aZo Ho {cE V¡`ma Wm {H CZ‘| amoJ‘wŠV
H aZo H s epŠV`m± h¢ naÝVw ‘oam {ddoH Am¡a VH© ~w{Õ ‘wPo `h ñdrH ma H aZo
H s Amkm Z XoVr Wr {H do ‘mZd H m AÝVa-n[adV©Z H a gH Vr h¢& gmW hr
gmW ‘¢ öX` go MmhVm Wm {H `{X do Bg Agå^d H m`© H mo H a nmE§ Vmo ‘wPo
AË`m{YH àgÝZVm hmoJr Š`m|{H ‘¢ CÝh| g~go A{YH ào‘ H aVm Wm& BZ
{damoYmË‘H ^mdZmAm| Zo ^«‘ H m g¥OZ {H `m Am¡a ‘¢ Bg n[aUm‘ na nhþ±Mm
{H Xoa-gdoa dmo AnZo à`ËZm| H s {ZñgmaVm H mo ‘hgyg H a|Jr Am¡a
{ddoH ~w{Õ Ûmam ‘mZd Ho AÝVa n[adV©Z Ho Bg {dMma H mo Ë`mJ X|Jr&
df© 1971 ‘| gmYZm H m {ddmh hþAm Am¡a h‘ g~ {ddmh Ho {cE AmE&
gmYZm Ho n{V amo‘oc {~hma Ho EH O‘tXma n[adma go gå~pÝYV h¢ Am¡a CZ‘|
AË`ÝV AmÜ`mpË‘H àd¥{Îm h¡& gXm H s Vah go {ddmh g§JrV Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OZ H m
‘hmZ CËgd hþAm& `h Adga AmZÝX CRmZo Ho `mo½` Wm Š`m|{H ~hþV go
gå~ÝYr Bg {ddmh ‘| ^mJ coZo Ho {cE AmE Wo&
A~ VH ‘¢ {dXoe ‘| AnZr Zm¡H ar Ho cJ^J nm±M gmc nyao H a MwH m Wm&
‘wPo VrZ dfm] Ho {cE ôOm J`m Wm naÝVw ‘oao à~ÝYH Am¡a ~oê V ‘| joÌr`
à~ÝYH Zo {g’ m[ae H s {H dhm± na ‘oao H m`©H mc H mo VrZ df© Am¡a ~‹T m {X`m
OmE& naÝVw Eà B§{S`m Ho {dÎm {d^mJ Ho A{YH mar g§K Zo {dXoe ôOo OmZo
dmco coIm-à~ÝYH m| ‘| go ‘wP AHo co H mo MwZo OmZo na ~hþV h„m-Jw„m
{H `m& n[aUm‘ñdê n df© 1972 Ho Amaå^ ‘| ‘wPo ~å~B© cm¡Q Zm n‹S m&
~å~B© AmH a ‘¢Zo Eà-B§{S`m Ho doVZ-coIm-{d^mJ ‘| nX J«hU {H `m
(H ‘©Mm[a`m| Ho doVZ VWm AÝ` {dÎmr` {hV H s XoI^mc H aZo dmcm {d^mJ)&
Eà-B§{S`m H mo YmoIm XoZo dmco EH EOoÝQ H s g‘ñ`m H m g‘mYmZ H aZo Ho
{cE ‘wPo nÝX«h {XZm| H s NmoQ r gr Ad{Y Ho {cE VohamZ ôOm J`m& ‘¢ O~
~å~B© Am`m Vmo lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~Vm`m {H ga gr.nr. H mo g§`wŠV amîQ´ H s
AÝVamîQ´ r` g‘wÐdVu-g‘Ýd`Z-g§ñWm Ho AÜ`j Ho ê n ‘| MwZm J`m h¡&
Bg g§ñWm H m ‘w»`mc` cÝXZ ‘o§ Wm& ‘oao nmg Š`m|{H AnZm Ka Z Wm
149
Bg{cE ‘¢ AnZr Xygar ~hZ BÝXw Ho `hm± ah ahm Wm& ’ adar 1972 ‘| Á`mo{V
H s NmoQ r ~hZ ‘¥Xwc H m {ddmh lrH¥ nm So {dS go hþAm& do npíM‘r ~§Jmc ‘|
Mm` ~mJmZ Ho à~ÝYH Ho ê n ‘| H m`©aV Wo& {ddmh Ho níMmV² h‘ ~å~B© cm¡Q
AmE& O~ ‘¢ ZmJnwa ‘| Wm Vmo ‘¢Zo EH nwamZr H ma hamëS IarXr Am¡a Bg H ma
Ûmam ‘¢ ~å~B§© cm¡Q m& g‘` Ho gmW-gmW ‘¢Zo nydu gmÝVmH«y O ‘| AnZo XâVa
Ho g‘rn EH âb¡Q {H amE na {c`m Am¡a AnZo ~‹S o ~oQ o H mo Eà B§{S`m Mm{cV
{dÚmc` ‘| àdoe {Xcdm`m&
1972 Ho {gVå~a ‘mh ‘| ^maV gaH ma Zo ~rg énò H m ZmoQ Mcm`m&
BZ ZmoQ m| H s CncpãY Š`m|{H ~hþV H ‘ Wr Bg{cE ‘¢ AnZo ~¢H g© Ho nmg
J`m Vm{H do doVZ ~m±Q Zo Ho {cE Eà B§{S`m H m BZ ZmoQ m| H m H moQ m ~MmH a
aI|& Bg ‘m‘co H mo AË`ÝV VwÀN ‘mZH a ‘¢Zo AnZo Ada
A{YH m[a`m| go BgHo {df` ‘| ~mVMrV Zht H s Wr& ‘oao Cn-{dÎm {Z`§ÌU
A{YH mar Zo ‘wPo ~wcmH a BgH m H maU nyN m& ‘wPo ~hþV Xw:I hþAm {H Eà
B§{S`m Ho gmao A{YH mar Bg ~mV Ho {cE ‘oao {déÕ hmo JE h¢ Š`m|{H ‘¢Zo
Eà-B§{S`m Ho {hV Ho {cE nhc H s Wr& ‘¢Zo AnZo CÀM-A{YH m[a`m| H mo
~Vm`m {H Xg énò Ho ZmoQ m| H s Anojm ~rg énò Ho ZmoQ m| H mo {JZZo ‘|
Š`m|{H H ‘ g‘` cJoJm Bg{cE h‘ Amoda QmB‘ na cJZo dmco YZ H mo ~Mm
gH| Jo& ‘oao A{YH mar Zo O~ Bg ~mV na ~hþV ~c {X`m {H ‘wPo BgHo {cE
Amkm coZr Mm{hE Wr Vmo ‘wPo H« moY Am J`m Am¡a ‘¢Zo CZgo H hm {H CÝh| nhc
H aZo dmco A{YH m[a`m| H s Amdí`H Vm Zht h¡, CÝh| Vmo Ho dc Jwcm‘ Mm{hE§
Omo CZH s AmkmZwgma Mc gH| & Bg na ‘oao A{YH mar H mo ^r H« moY Am J`m
Am¡a dmo ‘wP na {M„mZo cJo& ‘oam H« moY ^r ~hþV ^‹S H J`m Wm Bg{cE ‘¢Zo
Cgo H h {X`m {H ‘¢ ~ÝYwAm ‘OXya ~ZH a H m`© H aZo H s Anojm Zm¡H ar Nmo‹S
XoZm Mmhÿ§Jm& ò H hH a AË`ÝV H« moY ‘| ‘¢ CgHo H j go ~mha Am J`m Am¡a
{ZU`© H a {c`m {H àW‘ Adga àmá hmVoo hr Eà B{§S`m H s ZmH¡ ar NmS‹o XJ§ym&
EH AË`ÝV {ddoH erc X{jU ^maVr` c‹S H s ‘oar g{Md Wr& CgH m
Zm‘ O`m Wm Am¡a ‘¢ Cggo AnZr ~o{Q`m| H s Vah go ì`dhma H aVm Wm& dh
AË`ÝV g§doXZerc Wr& dh VwaÝV OmZ JB© {H ‘¢ ^`§H a H« moY ‘| Wm& dh ‘oao
H j ‘| AmB© Am¡a H hZo cJr {H CgZo Cg {XZ hmoZo dmco gmao H m`© H mo XoI
150
{c`m h¡ Bg{cE ‘¢ emÝV hmoH a g‘mMma nÌ nTy §& g‘mMma nÌ n‹T Vo hþE ‘¢Zo
à‘wI Qmà {Z‘m©Vm-‘moXr a~a H m ghm`H -{dÎm-{Z`§ÌH Ho nX Ho {cE
{dkmnZ XoIm {OgH m doVZ Eà-B§{S`m ‘| ‘oao doVZ go XwJwZm Wm& VwaÝV ‘¢Zo
O`m H mo ~wcm`m Am¡a Bg nX Ho {cE `m BgHo g‘H j nX Ho {cE àmW©Zm nÌ
V¡`ma H adm`m& hdmco ‘| ‘¢Zo ga gr.nr. VWm EZ.Ho .nr. gmëdo H m Zm‘ {cIm
Omo {H V~ VH g§gX gXñ` ~Z MwHo Wo&
em‘ H mo ‘oao A{YH mar Zo ‘wPo ~wcmH a H hm {H ‘¢ àmV:H mc H s KQZm
H mo ^yc OmD § VWm CgH s d¥Õ Am`w H mo Hw N gå‘mZ Xy§& ‘oam A{YH mar Am¡a
‘¢ Š`m|{H AÀNo {‘Ì ^r Wo Bg{cE Bg KQZm H mo Xw:ñdßZ ‘mZH a Bgo ^yc
OmZo Ho {cE ‘¢ VwaÝV gh‘V hmo J`m& co{H Z ‘¢ ^yc J`m Wm {H ‘¢ AÝ`Ì
Zm¡H ar Ho {cE àmW©Zm nÌ ôO MwH m hÿ±& Bg KQZm Ho EH gámh níMmV²
g‘mMma nÌ n‹T Vo hþE ‘¢Zo XoIm {H EZ.Ho .nr. ‘moXr a~a Ho ~moS© Am°’
SmàoŠQg© ‘| Wo& ‘wPo VwaÝV AnZo àmW©Zm nÌ H s `mX AmB© Am¡a ò ^r gmoMm
{H ‘oao àmW©Zm nÌ Ho H maU EZ.Ho .nr. H mo {H VZr CcPZ H m gm‘Zm H aZm
n‹S oJm& AV: ‘¢Zo VwaÝV EZ.Ho .nr. H mo ’ moZ {H `m Am¡a CÝh| gmar H hmZr ~VmB©
VWm àmW©Zm H s {H do ‘moXr a~a Ho {ZXofH m| go H h X| {H ‘oao àmW©Zm nÌ H mo
AZXoIm H a {X`m OmE&‘¢ ò dU©Z H aZm ^yc J`m Wm {H df© 1967 ‘|
EZ.Ho .nr. g§gX ‘| cmoH g^m Ho gXñ` MwZ {cE JE Wo& CZH m emg-n{ÌV-
coImH ma H m H m`© lr.O¡Z VWm H¥ îUm-ghó~wÕo XoI aho Wo& ghó~wÕo ‘oao
go H m’ s Ada Wo naÝVw ‘oar {e’ m[ae na CÝh| gmëdo EÊS H ånZr ‘| aIm
J`m Wm& gmëdo EÊS H ånZr H m ì`mnma ~hþV M‘H m Am¡a `h ‘Ü` ^maV H s
AJ«Ur` H ånZr ~Z JB©& BZ H maUm| go EZ.Ho .nr. H mo A{YH {dídgZr`
cmoJm| H s Amdí`H Vm Wr& CÝh| O~ nVm cJm {H ‘¢ H moB© AÝ` Zm¡H ar Xy±T ahm
hÿ± Vmo CÝhm|Zo Bg Adga H m cm^ CRm`m Am¡a ‘wPgo H hm {H ‘¢ VwaÝV {X„r
Am OmD ± VWm ‘wPo ~ohVa ^{dî` Ho {cE {dídñV ^r {H `m& {X„r ‘| ‘¢ O~
CZgo {‘cm Vmo CÝhm|Zo ‘oao gå‘wI gmëdo EÊS H ånZr ‘| nwZ: cm¡Q AmZo H m
àñVmd aIm& ‘¢ ~å~B© dm{ng Am`m Am¡a lr‘mVmOr Am¡a ga gr.nr. go Bg
{df` na gcmh H s& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo gmëdo EÊS H ånZr ‘| Mco OmZo H m gwPmd
{X`m Š`m|{H Bg H ånZr ‘| ‘oam ^{dî` ~ohVa Wm& AV: 1972 Ho {gVå~a
151
‘mh ‘| ‘¢Zo EH ‘hrZo Ho Zmo{Qg Ho gmW AnZm Ë`mJ-nÌ {X`m& nyao {dÎm
{d^mJ ‘| BgH s VwaÝV à{H« `m hþB©& ‘oao Hw N àda A{YH mar Zht MmhVo Wo {H
‘¢ OmD § naÝVw Hw N ‘oao OmZo Ho hH ‘| Wo Š`m|{H CZHo AZwgma Eà B§{S`m
Eogm ñWmZ Z Wm Ohm± ‘¢ AnZr `mo½`Vm Xem© gH Vm& EH {XZ ‘oao {dÎm-
{ZXoeH Zo ‘wPo ~wcm`m Am¡a ‘oao gå‘wI nXmoÝZ{V VWm Eà-B§{S`m H m°cmoZr
‘| EH âb¡Q H m àñVmd aIm& naÝVw V~ VH ‘¢ AnZo ^mB© H s H ånZr ‘| OmZo
H m {ZU©` H a MwH m Wm& 5 AŠQy ~a 1972 H mo ‘¢ AnZo {‘Ìm| Am¡a ew^-
{MÝVH m| H mo Ac{dXm H hH a H ma Ûmam AnZr nËZr Am¡a ~ÀMm| H mo gmW
coH a ZmJnwa Ho {cE Mc n‹S m&
amñVo ‘| EH {XZ éH Zo Ho níMmV² 7 AŠQy ~a H mo Á`m| hr h‘ ZmJnwa
nhþ±Mo Vmo VwaÝV ‘¥Xwc Am¡a Cgr gw~h OÝ‘o CgHo ZdOmV {eew H mo XoIZo Ho
{cE AñnVmc JE& EH ~ma {’ a `h {Xdmcr H m {XZ Wm& nyao {XZ H s
^mJmXm¡‹S r Ho níMmV² h‘Zo âb¡Q ‘| amV {~VmB©& ò âb¡Q ‘¢Zo AnZr gmcr
(Sister-in-law) go {H amE na {c`m Wm& `hm± ‘¢ ò ~VmZm ^yc J`m Wm {H
~å~B© H s gmÝVmH«y μO Eà-B§{S`m H m°cmoZr ‘| ‘¢Zo EH μâc¡Q gwa{jV H adm`m
Wm& `h Eà-B§{S`m Ûmam McmB© JB© "AnZo âb¡Q Ho ñdm‘r ~Zo' `moOZm Ho
VhV Wm& ‘¢Zo O~ Eà-B§{S`m Nmo‹S r V~ VH ò âb¡Q ~Z aho Wo& Š`m|{H A~
‘¢ Eà-B§{S`m H m H ‘©Mmar Z Wm Bg{cE ‘wPo ò μâc¡Q XoZo go BÝH ma H a
{X`m J`m Am¡a Omo n¡gm ‘¢Zo BgHo {cE {X`m Wm dh cm¡Q m {X`m J`m& h‘mam
gm‘mZ Š`m|{H A^r VH Z nhþ±Mm Wm Am¡a h‘mao nmg ImZm ~ZmZo H m ^r H moB©
gm‘mZ Z Wm ZmJnwa ‘| h‘ {‘År Ho Voc go ñQmod na ImZm ~ZmZo cJo& Hw N hr
{XZm| ‘| h‘mam gmam gmOmo-g‘mZ dhm± nhþ±M J`m Am¡a ZmJnwa ‘| h‘mam X¡{ZH
OrdZ RrH go McZo cJm& gmëdo EÊS H ånZr H m XâVa ‘oao μâc¡Q go μÁ`mXm
Xyar na Z Wm& ‘oam {H amE H m âb¡Q Sw ßb¡Šg àUmcr H m Wm& ZrMo ‘oao nmg EH
e`Z H j Wm Am¡a D na Xmo e`Z H j VWm EH ~hþV ~‹S r ~mcH moZr& BgH s
g~go D na H s ‘§{Oc na EH e`Z H j Wm& O~ ^r lr‘mVmOr ZmJnwa
AmVt, Bg‘| ahm H aVt&
Jå^raVm nyd©H O~ ‘¢Zo AnZm H m`© ewé {H `m Vmo ‘hgyg {H `m {H
gmam Hw N CVZm ham-ham Z Wm {OVZm ~Vm`m J`m Wm& gmëdo EÊS H ånZr ‘|
152
‘oam dm{ng AmZm ~hþV go cmoJm| H mo ñdrH ma Z Wm Am¡a Eà-B§{S`m H s
Zm¡H ar Omo ‘¢ H a ahm Wm CgHo ‘wH m~co ‘| H m`© H s ‘m±J Ho gmW ‘¢ gm‘§Oñ`
Z ~Zm nm ahm Wm& {ZpíMV ê n go ‘¢ hVmoËgm{hV Wm Am¡a ñd`§ H mo Eà-
B§{S`m H s Amam‘Xoh Zm¡H ar Nmo‹S Zo Ho {cE Xmof Xo ahm Wm& ‘wdpŠH cm| Ho
O{QcV‘ Am¡a {ZameOZH g^r ‘m‘co ‘wPo gm¢n {XE JE Wo Š`m|{H ‘wPgo ò
Amem H s JB© Wr {H ‘¢ CZ‘|, {deofV: Am`H a Ho ‘m‘cm| ‘|, g’ c hmoD §Jm&
BgZo ‘oao Z¡amí` H mo Am¡a ~‹T m {X`m& EZ.Ho .nr. Zo Omo ^r âmogo {XcdmE Wo dmo
H moB© ^r nyao Z hþE& ‘wPo {dídmg {Xcm`m J`m Wm {H ‘wPo gmëdo EÊS H ånZr ‘|
gmPoXma ~Zm {c`m OmEJm& naÝVw ò AmídmgZ hr ahm& ‘oao ~ma-~ma ñ‘aU
H admZo na ^r H mBo© n[aUm‘ Z {ZH cm& Zm‘‘mÌ Ho {cE ‘P w o Xmo AÝ` H ån{Z`m| ‘|
gmPXoma ~Zm {X`m J`m& ‘aor `m½o`Vm Ho AZg w ma ‘P w o nX ^r Zht {X`m J`m&
g^§dV: ‘aoo ^mB© Zo gmMom {H ‘¢ CZH s AmemAm| H mo nUy© Zht H a nmD J§m&
df© 1973 ‘| lr‘mVmOr, ga gr.nr. Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho gmW ZmJnwa AmBª& do
AnZo gmW ~mah {eî` ^r cmB© Wr& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H CZHo EH H Åa {hÝXy
{eî`, lr.nmB© Zo nma§n[aH {hÝXy e¡cr ‘| CZH s nyOm H s& nyOm ‘| {H gr AÝ`
H mo OmZo H s Amkm Z Xr JB©& ~mX ‘| ‘wPo ~Vm`m J`m {H O~ do lr‘mVmOr H s
nyOm H a aho Wo Vmo M¡VÝ` ch[a`m± BVZr Vrd« Wr {H H moB© ^r dhm± OmVm Vmo
M¡VÝ`-ch[a`m| H mo AñV-ì`ñV H a XoVm& ‘¢Zo Cg nyOm H s ì`m»`m
H ‘©H mÊS H hH a H s {OgZo ‘wPo ghO go Am¡a Xya H a {X`m Š`m|{H ‘¢Zo Bgo
AmÜ`mpË‘H Vm {dhrZ H ‘©H mÊSr Y‘© ‘mZ {c`m Wm& naÝVw EH AÝ` KQZm h¡
{Ogo ‘¢ ñ‘aU H aZm Mmhÿ§Jm& EH Xmonha níMmV² O~ lr‘mVmOr EZ.Ho .nr. Ho
Ka Ho dam±So ‘| ~¡R r hþB© Wt ~hþV hr ^Ôo H n‹S m| ‘| {~Zm Xm‹T r ~ZmE Mohao dmcm
EH ì`pŠV XadmOo na {M„mVm hþAm Am`m& ‘m±!‘m±!‘m±! Amn H hm± h¢?
lr‘mVmOr H mo XoIVo hr dh CZHo gå‘wI gmîQm§J coQ J`m Am¡a Bg àH ma
gw~H Zo cJm {H Cgo gå^mcZm ‘wpîH c hmo J`m! dh ~wX~wXm ahm Wm {H Cgo
OrdZ H m cú` {‘c J`m& CgHo JÝXo H n‹S o Am¡a eŠb XoIH a ‘¢ MmhVm Wm
{H dmo VwaÝV Ka go Mcm OmE& ‘¢Zo gmoMm Wm {H dh H moB© {Îmar `m Jcr H m
cmo’ a h¡ Omo lr‘mVmOr Ho {df` ‘| OmZVm h¡ Am¡a CZH m {eî` hmoZo H m ZmQH
H aHo CZH m cm^ CRmZm MmhVm h¡& h‘oem H s Vah lr‘mVmOr CgHo à{V
153
CXma Wt& CÝhm|Zo Cggo nyN m {H Š`m dh Hw N ImZm-nrZm MmhoJm? ‘wPo
Wmo‹S m gm PQH m cJm Š`m|{H ‘¢Zo gmoMm Wm {H lr‘mVmOr Mmh|Jr {H dh dhm±
go Mcm OmE& naÝVw do BgH s Anojm CgHo à{V CXmaVm Xem© ahr Wt& CZHo
àíZ Ho CÎma ‘| AlwnyU© Am±Im| go CgZo àmW©Zm H s {H dh EH {Jcmg nmZr
nr coJm& ‘wPo EH {Jcmg nmZr cmZo Ho {cE H hH a lr‘mVmOr Ka Ho AÝXa
Mcr JBª Am¡a ‘¢ nmZr H m {Jcmg coZo J`m& ‘¢ O~ dm{ng Am`m Vmo JÝXo H n‹S m|
dmcm ì`pŠV dhm± Zht Wm& ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H em`X dh S² `mo‹T r ‘o§ Mcm J`m h¡
Bg{cE ‘¢ S² `mo‹T r ‘| Am`m& naÝVw dhm± na EH gwajm H ‘u Ho A{V[aŠV H moB©
^r Z Wm& EZ.Ho .nr. Ho Ka ‘| ~hþV ~‹S m àmJ§U Wm Am¡a Bg Ka H m Ho dc EH
hr Ûma Wm {Oggo ~mha Om`m Om gH Vm Wm& dhm± na `h gwajmH ‘u I‹S m
hþAm Wm& nyN VmN H aZo na gwajmH ‘u Zo ~Vm`m {H EH ì`pŠV Am`m Wm
naÝVw dh ~mBª Amoa Ho Ûma H s Amoa Z ‘w‹S H a XmBª Amoa H mo ‘w‹S m Wm Am¡a dhm±
dh AdU©Zr` T§J go AX¥í` hmo J`m Wm& ‘¢ Cg {Xem H s Amoa J`m Ohm± dh
ì`pŠV Om gH Vm Wm naÝVw dhm± {H gr H mo Z nmH a ‘¢ ^m¢MH ah J`m& àm§JU
H m Š`m|{H `h ApÝV‘ Nmoa Wm, AV: Cg ì`pŠV H mo ~mø Ûma go hr OmZm
n‹S Vm& Bg nyar H hmZr Zo ‘wPo AdmH H a {X`m Am¡a `h ~mV ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr
H mo ~VmB©& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H dh ì`pŠV gÝV Am¡a AmË‘-gmjmËH mar Wm VWm
Cg‘| AX¥î` hmo OmZo H s j‘Vm Wr& {Z:gÝXoh ‘wPo CZH s ~mV na {dídmg Z
hþAm naÝVw `h KQZm ‘oao AÝXa AË`ÝV ñnîQ Am¡a X¥‹T ê n go A§{H V hmo JB©&
df© 1974 Ho Amaå^ ‘| IMCO AÝVaamîQ´ r` g‘wÐdVu g‘Ýd`Z
g§ñWm (International Maritimes Co-ordinating Organization) Ho AÜ`j
H s nËZr H s h¡{g`V go lr‘mVmOr B§½c¡ÊS JBª& à{VHy c n[apñW{V`m| ‘|
AnZo noeo H s c‹S mB© c‹S Zo Ho {cE ‘wPo dht Nmo‹S {X`m J`m& `h n[adV©Z
AnZo OrdZ ‘| ‘¢Zo ~hþV Xoa go {H `m Wm Š`m|{H A~ AnZo Xmo ~oQ m| H s {ejm-
Xrjm H s A{V[aŠV {Oå‘oXmar ^r ‘wP na Wr& ‘wPo Amem Wr {H EH {XZ ‘oar
`mo½`Vm, Omo ^r `mo½`Vm ‘wP‘| Wr, ‘wPo AnZo noeo ‘| CÀM ñWmZ {XcdmEJr&
Bg Amem Ho gmW ‘¢ gmëdo EÊS H ånZr ‘| H m`© H aVm ahm& `Ú{n ‘¢ ñdrH ma
H aVm hÿ± {H cmoJm| Ho ‘oao à{V ZH mamË‘H X¥pîQH moU Ho H maU ‘oam nyam öX`
Bg H m`© ‘| Z Wm& {H« g‘g Ho Adga na gXm lr‘mVmOr ZmJnwa AmVt Am¡a
154
‘wPo CËgmhdY©H eãX H hVt&
1970 go coH a 1983 VH lr‘mVmOr ‘wPo AmË‘gmjmËH ma XoZo H m
à`ËZ H aVr aht& {H« g‘g Ho g‘` O~ ^r dmo AmVt CZH m à`ËZ Omar
ahVm& ‘oao MH« m| H mo ewÕ H aZo Ho {cE dmo AnZm hmW Am¡a AnZo MaU ‘oao
eara na aIVr& naÝVw BgH m H moB© cm^ Z hþAm& ha ~ma ‘oar Hw ÊS{cZr
CRVr naÝVw ‘¢ Š`m|{H lr‘mVmOr H mo ~hZ Ho ê n ‘| XoIVm Wm Bg{cE `h
ZrMo H s Amoa qIM OmVr& ‘wPo AmË‘gmjmËH ma XoZo H s CZH s BÀNm BVZr
X¥‹T Wr {H ‘wPo AmË‘-gmjmËH ma XoZo ‘| Omo n[al‘ do H aVt Cggo CÝh|
g{X©`m| Ho ‘hrZm| ‘| ngrZo Am OmVo& ‘wPo ~hþV ~wam cJVm Am¡a ~hþV ~ma ‘¢Zo
CZgo àmW©Zm H s {H ‘wPo H ^r Z gwYaZo dmcm ‘m‘cm g‘PH a Nmo‹S X|&
CZH s Vrd« BÀNm Ho ~mdOXy ^r ‘| AmË‘gmjmËH ma àmá H aZo ‘| Ag’ c ahm&
AnZo noeo go Š`m|{H ‘¢ nyU©V: gÝVwîQ Z Wm AV: {M‹T H a ‘¢Zo amoqcJ
eQa ~ZmZo H m ì`mnma ^r H aHo XoIm& naÝVw Bg‘| ‘wPo O~aXñV Ag’ cVm
{‘cr& df© 1975 Ho AÝV VH ZmJnwa Ho EH à‘wI dH sc lr.Ec.Eg.XodmZr
go ‘oar {‘ÌVm hmo JB©& CZH s ‘wP‘| ~hþV {XcMñnr Wr Am¡a O~-O~ ^r ‘¢
AnZo noeo go {‘cZo dmcr H ‹S dmhQ H s {eH m`V CZgo H aVm Vmo dh ‘wPo
gmëdo EÊS H ånZr H s gwajm Am¡a NÌNm`m go {ZH cH a ñdV§Ì ê n go
AnZm H m`© ewê H aZo H s gcmh XoVo& ò ~hþV ~‹S m H X‘ Wm Š`m|{H ‘¢
Mmcrg df© H s Am`w nma H a MwH m Wm Am¡a Bg Am`w ‘| ñdVÝÌ ê n go H m`©
H aHo `{X ‘¢ g’ c Z hmoVm Vmo ~hþV {H a-{H ar (Hara-Kiri) hmoVr& {H« g‘g
Ho g‘` na O~ lr‘mVmOr AmVt Vmo dmo ^r ‘wPo CËgm{hV H aVt& AV:
{Xgå~a 1977 ‘| ñdVÝÌ ê n go H m`© H aZo H s Amkm ‘m§Jr& gmëdo EÊS
H ånZr ‘| gm|no JE H m`© ‘wPo g‘má H aZo Wo Am¡a BZ‘| Hw N g‘` cJm&
lr.XodmZr Zo ZmJnwa Ho EH ì`mnma joÌ "Jm±Yr ~mJ' ‘| ‘wPo, Qo{c’ moZ VWm
’ ZuMa go gwgpÁOV AnZm EH XâVa {Z:ewëH XoZo H m àñVmd {H `m&
CZH m ò gX²^mdZm àXe©Z CÎm‘ VWm CXma hmoZo Ho gmW-gmW Bg H {RZmB©
‘| ‘oar ghm`Vm H aZo H s CZH s BÀNm A{^ì`pŠV ^r Wr& àW‘ AJñV
1978 H mo ‘¢Zo "gmëdo EÊS H ånZr' H mo Z‘ñVo H hr Am¡a AnZo Zm‘ na hr
H m`© ewé H a {X`m& "gmëdo EÊS H ånZr' H m ApÝV‘ {hñgm "EÊS H ånZr'
155
Cn`moJ H aZo Ho {cE ‘wPo AnZo Zm‘ Ho gmW cJmZo H s Amkm Z Xr JB© Š`m|{H
EZ.Ho .nr. Zo gmoMm {H H hr ‘¢ "gmëdo EÊS H ånZr' H m ì`mnma AnZr H ånZr
‘| Z ItM cy§& AV: ‘¢Zo "EM.nr.gmëdo' Zm‘ go {~Zm BgHo AmJo `m nrNo Hw N
cJmE AnZm H m`© ewé H a {X`m& ‘oam ^VrOm AOrV, EH AÝ` lr.‘|KmZr
Am¡a ZÝXcmc Mnamgr {g’© `hr VrZ cmoJ ‘oao H ‘©Mmar Wo& ‘¢ {ZR„m
(Briefless) Wm Am¡a erK« hr YZ{dhrZ (Moneyless) ^r hmo OmVm& nhco
nÝÐh {XZm| VH ‘oao nmg H moB© ^r ‘wdpŠH c Z AmE Am¡a ‘¢ gmoMZo cJm {H EH
~ma {’ a ‘¢Zo JcVr H s h¡& naÝVw BgHo níMmV² ‘oao nmg ~hþV go ‘wdpŠH c
AmE Am¡a ‘¢ AnZo noeo ‘| AmJo ~‹T Vm Mcm J`m&
df© 1979-80 ‘| ‘hmamîQ´ ^«‘U Ho EH ^mJ Ho ê n ‘| lr‘mVmOr
{dXo{e`m| H m EH g‘yh ZmJnwa coH a AmBª! ‘¢Zo OZH m`©H« ‘m| Am¡a g¡a-gnmQo
H m Am`moOZ {H `m& ‘¢ CÝh| "VmSmo~m qgh-dZñWcr' co J`m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
O§Jc H m AmZÝX CRm`m& BgH m dU©Z ‘¢ {dfoe ê n go Bg{cE H a ahm hÿ±
Š`m|{H J§Jmam‘ Zm‘H {Og ImZo dmco H m ‘¢Zo BÝVOm‘ {H `m CgZo ^{dî` ‘|
‘wPo ghO ‘| cmZo H s Ah‘² ^y{‘H m {Z^mB©&
df© 1980 ‘| ‘wPo 'Institute of Chartered Accountants' "emgn{ÌV
coImH ma g§ñWm' H s ZmJnwa emIm H m AÜ`j MwZm J`m Am¡a Bg nX na ‘¢
1982 VH ahm& O~ ‘¢Zo Bg emIm H m H m`©-^ma gå^mcm Vmo `h ~ÝX hmoZo
dmcr Wr naÝVw H m`©H m[aUr Ho Jå^ra à`ËZm| go h‘ Bg emIm H mo Z Ho dc
H {RZmB© ‘| go {ZH mc gHo ~pëH ‘oao H m`©H mc H s g‘m{á go nyd© hr g§ñWm
H s Bg emIm H mo nyao ^maV H s gdm}Îm‘ emIm Kmo{fV {H `m J`m&
ghO`moJ H s J{V{d{Y`m± A~ ~å~B© Ho Amg nmg Ho joÌm| ‘| Vrd« hmoZo
cJt Wr Bg{cE lr‘mVmOr ^maV ‘| A~ A{YH g‘` VH éH m H aVr Wt&
‘wPo Hw N OÝ‘-{Xdg g‘mamohm| VWm Xmo nyOmAm| ‘| gpå‘{cV hmoZo H m
gm¡^m½` àmá hþAm& ‘wPo cJm {H ò nyOmE§ Zrag Am¡a C~mD h¢& ‘wPo ò
{dídmg hmo J`m Wm {H do emídV² Y‘© Am¡a EH hr na‘mË‘m H s {ejm Xo ahr h¢
{Og‘| ‘oam X¥‹T {dídmg Wm& ‘mZd a{MV Y‘m] H mo ‘mZZo Ho ‘¢ gX¡d {déÕ Wm
Š`m|{H Bg àH ma ò ‘mZd H mo {^ÝZ n§Wmo ‘| ~m±Q aho Wo Am¡a na‘mË‘m H s
BÀNm ò H ^r Zht hmo gH Vr& dmo H hm H aVr Wt {H h‘| àË`j {XImB© XoZo
156
dmcr MrOm| go nao OmH a gyú‘ H mo ‘hgyg H aZm h¡& naÝVw ‘¢ Š`m|{H AmË‘-
gmjmËH mar Z Wm Bg{cE ‘¢ gmoMm H aVm Wm {H gyú‘ H mo ‘hgyg H aZm
dmñV{dH Vm Z hmoH a H mën{ZH Vm h¡& ‘oar g‘P ‘| Z AmVm Wm {H `{X
na‘mË‘m {ZamH ma h¡ Vmo ò lr‘mVmOr H s nyOm Xodr ê n ‘| Š`m| H a aho h¢
Š`m|{H do ^r Vmo ‘mZd ê n ‘| Wt! `h g~ ‘oar g‘P go nao H s ~mV Wr&
Bg{cE ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H do Omo {ejm Xo aht h¢ dh dmñV{dH Vm Ho joÌ go nao H s
~mV h¡ Am¡a H ‘ go H ‘ ‘oar gyP-~yP go Vmo nao H s ~mV h¡ hr& AV: ‘¢Zo
CZH s AmÜ`mpË‘H J{V{d{Y`m| na ~hþV A{YH Ü`mZ Zht {X`m&
df© 1983 ‘| JwOamV amÁ` ‘| ~moS u Zm‘H ñWmZ na ‘hmamîQ´ go{‘Zma
hþAm& Bg‘| ^moOZ H m à~ÝY J§Jmam‘ H mo gm¢nm J`m& nyam go{‘Zma AË`ÝV
Aì`dpñWV Wm Am¡a J§Jmam‘ H mo H m’ s hm{Z hþB© Š`m|{H g‘rn Ho Jm§dm| Ho
~hþV go cmoJ {~Zm H moB© n¡gm {XE ImZo Ho nÊSmc ‘| Xmonha VWm am{Ì ^moO Ho
{cE Kwg AmVo Wo& n[aUm‘V: O~ 1984 ‘| Cgo ^moOZ H m à~ÝY H aZo Ho
{cE H hm J`m Vmo CgZo ‘aoo dhm± CnpñWV ahZo na ~c {X`m Vm{H H ht Cgo EH
~ma {’ a go hm{Z Z CRmZr nS‹ &o JJ§mam‘ `{X ~c Z XVom Vmo ‘¢ ~mSo u Z J`m hmVom&
1984 ‘| EH ~ma {’ a {Xgå~a-OZdar Ho ‘hrZm| ‘| go{‘Zma H m
Am`moOZ {H `m J`m& 60-70 {dXo{f`m| H mo {‘cmH a cJ^J 300-400
ghO`moJr Wo& H cH Îmm go ~å~B© Ho {cE ‘¢Zo grYr C‹S mZ nH ‹S r Am¡a dhm± go
~moS u OmZo Ho {cE aocJm‹S r& ‘¢Zo gmoMm Wm {H ñQoeZ na ‘oam ~‹S m Omoa-emoa go
ñdmJV {H `m OmEJm& naÝVw O~ H moB© ^r ‘wPo coZo Ho {cE Zht Am`m Vmo ‘oao
Ah‘² H mo O~aXñV MmoQ nhþ±Mr& go{‘Zma Wmo‹S r gr Xyar na Wm& Hw N ghO`moJr
~å~B© go AmE Wo& Qm§Jm {H amE na coH a ‘¢Zo CZH m AZwgaU {H `m& go{‘Zma
Ho ñWmZ na O~ ‘¢ nhþ±Mm Vmo {~Zm H moB© ‘`m©Xm nmcZ {H E grYm lr‘mVmOr Ho
H ‘ao ‘| Mcm J`m& ‘¢ Zht OmZVm Wm {H lr‘mVmOr Ho H ‘ao ‘| àdoe H aZo Ho
{cE ^r {Z`‘ AmMaU hmoVo h¢& H ‘ao ‘| OmH a ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr go {eH m`V H s
{H ‘wPo coZo Ho {cE H moB© ^r Zht Am`m& ‘oam H« moY XoIH a lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo
emÝV H aZo H m à`ËZ {H `m& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H H moB© ^r ò Z OmZVm Wm {H ‘¢
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157
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Cg amV ^moOZ Ho níMmV² amoμO‘am© H s Vah go g§JrV H m H m`©H« ‘ hþAm&
EH A‘arH Z ghO`moJr H mo (‘¢ CZH m Zm‘ ^yc J`m hÿ±) ÔZ JmZo Ho {cE
H hm& ‘wPo h¡amZr hþB© {H EH A‘arH Z ì`pŠV ^maVr` ÔZ JmZo dmcm h¡
Am¡a nyar Amem Ho gmW ‘¢Zo CgHo JmZo H s àVrjm H s& EH {JQma H m à~ÝY
{H `m J`m& CgH s JmZo H s g§J{V Ho {cE Ho dc `hr dmÚ `ÝÌ Wm& CgH mo
g§JV XoZo Ho {cE V~cm hma‘mo{Z`‘ `m H moB© AÝ` nmaån[aH ^maVr` dmÚ
`§Ì Z Wm& ‘¢ h¡amZ Wm {H dh {H g àH ma H m ÔZ JmZo dmcm h¡& CgZo
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Bgo am°H -EZ-amoc e¡cr ‘| Jm ahm Wm& ‘oar g‘P ‘| Zht Am ahm Wm {H ‘¢ hgy±
`m amoC±! {deofê n go O~ CgZo AË`ÝV cmnadmhr go EH Img am°H -EZ-
amoc e¡cr ‘| EH -Xmo-VrZ-Mma-aKw-aKw Jm`m& ‘wPo cJm {H ‘¢ Cgo JmZm
~ÝX H aZo Ho {cE H h Xy± Am¡a Bg ÔZ H mo Bg Vah go {~Jm‹S Zo Ho {cE Cgo
~war Vah go cVmSy § Š`mo§{H ò ÔZ Z Ho dc g^r ^maVr`m| Ho {cE ‘§Ì ê n ‘|
Wm ~pëH `h ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H mo ^r ~hþV {à` Wm& lr‘mVmOr H mo CgHo JmZo
H s àe§gm H aVo hþE XoIH a ‘¢ ^m¢MH ah J`m& `h g~ ñdrH ma H aZm ‘oao ~g
H s ~mV Z Wr& AnZm nyam OrdZ MmoQ r Ho ^maVr` g§JrVH mam| H mo gwZZo dmcr
‘{hcm {H g àH ma Eogo ~ogwao Am¡a {ZamemOZH g§JrV H mo gwZZo H m H îQ Poc
gH Vr h¡ Am¡a CgH s àe§gm H a gH Vr h¢, `h g~ ‘oar ghZ epŠV go nao
H s ~mV Wr& ‘oar ~hZ, Omo {H g§JrV nmaIr Wt, Bg ~ogwao ^`mZH g§JrV H mo
gwZZo H m H îQ Poco§, `h ~mV ‘¢ ghZ Z H a gH m& dht ‘¢Zo {ZíM` {H `m {H
A~ O~-O~ ^r H ht go{‘Zma hmoVm Vmo ‘¢ ZmJnwa go g§JrVH ma coH a AmD §Jm
Omo CÝh| AÀNm g§JrV gwZm gH| &
‘¢ ò ~mV ~VmZm ^yc J`m Wm {H df© 1973 ‘| ‘wPo EH g§JrV ñnYm© H m
{ZUm©`H ~Zm`m J`m Wm& Bg ñnYm© ‘| à^mH a YmH ‹S o (JwéOr) JμOc Jm aho
Wo& ‘¢Zo VwaÝV CZH s gå^mì`Vm (Potential) H mo nhMmZm Am¡a Am`moOH m| go
H hm {H do CZgo H h| {H ‘wPgo gå~ÝY gmY|& ‘¢ Z Ho dc CZH s g§JrV
à{V^m go à^m{dV hþAm Wm ~pëH Bg ~mV go ^r à^m{dV hþAm Wm {H do
Jar~m| Am¡a X{cVm| Ho {cE {~ëHw c {Z:ewëH g§JrV {dÚmc` Mcm aho Wo& ‘¢Zo
158
CZH s ghm`Vm H aZo H m {ZU©` {H `m Am¡a h‘Zo ñda‘mYwar Zm‘ go EH
g§ñWm ~ZmB© Am¡a BgHo PÊSo Vco CñVmX A‘OX Acr Im± gm{h~, ~wÕm{XV
‘wIOu, npÊSV OJXre àgmX, E‘.amO‘ Am¡a e§H a eå^y Zm‘H gwà{gÕ
H ìdmcm| Ho EH H m`©H« ‘ H m Am`moOZ {H `m& n[aUm‘ñdê n JwéOr Am¡a
CZHo g§JrVH mam| Ho ~rM μO~aXñV Vmc‘oc hmo J`m Am¡a ‘¢ {dídñV Wm {H
lr‘mVmOr Ho gå‘wI g§JrV àñVwV H aZo ‘| BÝh| ~hþV àgÝZVm hmoJr& `hm±
`h dU©Z H a XoZm C{MV hmoJm {H lr‘mVmOr ^r Bg ~mV go ~hþV à^m{dV hþBª
{H JwéOr Jar~m| Ho {cE g§JrV {dÚmc` Mcm aho Wo& ZmJnwa H s EH `mÌm ‘|
do Bg ñHy c H mo XoIZo Ho {cE AmBª ^r Wt& Vmo ‘¢Zo {ZíM` H a {c`m naÝVw
BgHo {df` ‘| {H gr H mo ~Vm`m Zht& ‘oao AZwgma `h ‘oao OrdZ H m n[ad©VZ
{~ÝXw Wm Am¡a ì`§½`mË‘H ê n go BgH m lo` A‘arH Z g§JrVH ma H mo OmVm
Wm& {d{Y Ho Vm¡a-VarHo ~‹S o hr AOr~ h¢&
go{‘Zma g‘má hmoZo Ho níMmV² ‘¢ lr‘mVmOr Ho gmW ~å~B© dm{ng Am
J`m& CÝhm|Zo nyao ‘hmamîQ´ Ho {cE ‘oar H ma ‘m§Jr Wr Am¡a ‘wPo Bg ~mV na Jd©
Wm {H ‘¢ CZHo {H gr H m‘ Am gH m& naÝVw gyú‘ ‘| do ‘oar ghm`Vm H a aht
Wt {H ‘¢ CÝh| RrH go g‘P gHy §& h‘ O~ ~å~B© nhþ±Mo Vmo CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo Hw N
énò {XE Vm{H ‘¢ H ma dm{ng ZmJnwa co Om gHy§ & ‘¡Zo ò énò coZo go BÝH ma
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Hw N am{e {‘cZo dmcr ^r h¡& CZHo ~c XoZo Ho ~mdOyX ^r ‘¢Zo énò coZo go
BÝH ma H a {X`m& AnZo ‘wdpŠH cm| go {‘cZo Ho níMmV² AJcr àmV: ‘¢ ZmJnwa
admZm hmoZo H s `moOZm ~Zm ahm Wm& AJco Xmo {XZ Omo KQZm K{QV hþB© dh ‘oao
{cE Am±Io ImocZo dmcr Wr& AJcm {XZ a{ddma Wm Am¡a ‘oao ‘wdpŠH cm| Ho
gmao XâVa ~ÝX Wo VWm do g~ g‘rn Ho Qmny na {nH {ZH Ho {cE JE hþE Wo&
‘¢Zo AnZr ^VrOr go nyN m {H Š`m dh ‘wPo Hw N n¡go CYma Xo gH Vr h¡?
CgZo CÎma {X`m {H CgHo gmao n¡go ~¢H ‘| h¢ Am¡a dh gmo‘dma H mo ‘oar
ghm`Vm H a gH Vr h¡& ZmJnwa ‘| Š`m|{H ‘oam EH Amdí`H H m`© éH m hþAm
Wm Bg{cE Cg {XZ Xmonha VH {H gr ^r Vah go ‘wPo ~å~B© go OmZm Wm& hmao
hþE {gnmhr H s Vah go ‘¢ lr‘mVmOr Ho nmg J`m Am¡a CZHo gå‘wI ñdrH ma
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159
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‘wPo grI Xr {H H ^r ^r ‘¢ CZH s ~mV H m IÊSZ Z H ê § Š`m|{H do ^{dî`
H mo XoI gH Vr h¢&
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CËnÝZ hþB©& ‘wPo Mr’ H {‘íZa BÝH ‘ Q¡Šg go {‘cZm Wm Bg{cE ‘¢Zo AnZr
nËZr go H hm {H nyZm co OmZo dmco gyQ Ho g ‘| EH gyQ Am¡a QmB© Smc X|&
Mr’ -H {‘íZa go Anam• go {‘cZo H m g‘` {Z`V Wm& Cgr àmV:
lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPo ~wcm`m Am¡a EH ~hþV gwÝXa QmB© ‘wPo Cnhma ‘| XoZr Mmhr&
CÝhm|Zo H hm {H Bggo nyd© CÝhm|Zo H ^r ‘wPo QmB© Z Xr Wr& ò H hVo hþE ‘¢Zo
lr‘mVmOr go BÝH ma {H `m {H CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo H ‘ go H ‘ gm¡ QmB©`m± ^|Q H s h¢,
naÝVw CÝhm|Zo Bg ~mV na ~c {X`m {H ‘¢ `h EH Am¡a ^r aI cy§& naÝVw ‘¢Zo
X¥‹T Vm nyd©H ò H hVo hþE BÝH ma H a {X`m {H CZH s CXmaVm ‘wPo {~Jm‹S XoJr&
Cg Anamh²Z Mr’ H {‘íZa go {‘cZo OmZo Ho {cE O~ ‘¢Zo gyQ {ZH mcm Vmo
CgHo gmW QmB© Z Wr& ‘wPo BVZr cÁOm AmB© {H CcPZ go ~MZo Ho {cE
‘¢Zo {H gr ghO`moJr go, {OZ‘| {dXoer ghO`moJr ^r Wo, Omo à{VîRmZ H mo
~ZmZo Ho H m`© ‘| cJo hþE Wo, QmB© CYma ‘m§JZr Mmhr& Cg g‘` lr‘mVmOr
CZHo H m`© Ho {cE CÝh| n¡go Xo ahr Wt naÝVw do Bgo Zht co aho Wo& ~hþV
g‘PmZo na AÝVV: CÝhm|Zo ò n¡go ñdrH ma {H E& g^r Zo Š`m|{H Hw V}-nOm‘o
nhZo hþE Wo Bg{cE {H gr Ho nmg ^r QmB© Z Wr& AÝVV: ‘wPo lr‘mVmOr Ho
nmg OmZm n‹S m Am¡a CÝhm|Zo nwZ: Cgr ~mV H m ñ‘aU H adm`m {H do ^{dî`
H mo XoI gH Vr h¢ Omo ‘¢ Zht H a gH Vm& Bgr àH ma ghO`mo{J`m| Zo X¥T
{ZíM` Ho ~mdOyX ^r AnZo H m`© Ho ~Xco CZgo n¡go co {cE Wo Š`m|{H én`m|
H s CÝh| Amdí`H Vm Wr& `h ~mV ‘oao gå‘wI ~hþV ~ma à‘m{UV hþB©& ZmJnwa
dm{ng AmH a nhcm H m`© Omo ‘¢Zo {H `m dh Wm JwéOr VWm AÝ` g§JrVH mam|
go {‘cZm Am¡a CZgo àmW©Zm H aZm {H 1985-86 Ho {Xgå~a Am¡a OZdar
Ho Amaå^ Ho {XZm| H mo Imcr aI|& {OgHo {cE do VwaÝV gh‘V hmo JE&
AnZo H m`© ‘| g’ cVm Zo {Z:gÝXoh ‘wPo ~hþV gm YZ {X`m& naÝVw BgHo
gmW-gmW ~hþV ~‹S m Ah§ ^r Am`m& ‘¢ nmBn nrVm Wm Am¡a ~hþV hr Ah§nyd©H
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160
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~hþV Ah§H ma hmo J`m Wm Am¡a ‘¢ CZH s eoIr ~KmaZo cJm Wm& Eogm H aZm ‘oao
Am‘ AmMaU Ho {déÕ Wm& Z OmZo Š`m| ‘wPo cJVm Wm {H AnZr g’ cVm
H s `{X ‘¢ StJ ‘mê §Jm Vmo ‘wPo Am¡a A{YH ‘wdpŠH c {‘c|Jo VWm ‘¢ {d{eîQ
ì`pŠV ‘mZm OmD §Jm& à{g{Õ Am¡a Jm¡ad H s Ymam Ho ~hmd ‘| ‘¢ ~h Mcm Wm
Am¡a Bgr H mo ‘¢Zo g’ c OrdZ ‘mZ {c`m Wm& {gVå~a 1985 ‘| AMmZH
‘¢Zo Yy‘«nmZ Am¡a Wmo‹S m ~hþV ‘ÚnmZ, Omo ‘¢ H aVm Wm, Nmo‹S Zo H m {ZíM` H a
{c`m& EH {‘Ì Ho `hm± am{Ì^moO ‘| MwQ H co gwZmZo Ho {cE ‘wPo g^r
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{gJaoQ & AV: ‘¢Zo H hm ‘¢ ^r Z Vmo eam~ nrD §Jm Am¡a Z hr Yy‘«nmZ H ê §Jm,
H ‘ go H ‘ Cg amV& amV H mo ‘¢ AnZo ~rVo hþE OrdZ na X¥pîQnmV H a ahm Wm
Vmo ‘wPo cJm {H ‘oam OrdZ ì`W© hmo OmEJm Š`m|o{H ^m¡{VH g’ cVm Omo ‘wPo
àmá hþB© Wr dh Zída Wr& ‘¢Zo ñd`§ H mo AnZr AmXVm| Ho {df` ‘| àíZ {H E&
Š`m ‘¢ AmXVm| H m Jwcm‘ ~ZZo dmcm hÿ±? BZ g^r àíZm| VWm ~hþV go AÝ`
àíZm| Zo ‘wPo AÝXa go PH Pmoa {X`m Am¡a ‘¢Zo {ZU©` {H `m {H AJco {XZ go
‘¢ AmXVm| H m Jwcm‘ Zht ahÿ±Jm& ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H Ah§H ma ^r EH AmXV h¡ Am¡a ‘¢
Bgo AnZo na hmdr hmoZo H s Amkm Zht Xy§Jm& ‘wPo `h ghO H s Amoa Xygam
H X‘ cJm&
naÝVw Cg g‘` ‘¢Zo Bg ~mV H s H ënZm ^r Zht H s Wr {H ‘¢
ghO`moJr ~Z OmD §Jm& gmV {XZ Yy‘«nmZ H aZo Ho {cE à{V{XZ Ho {hgm~ go
‘oao nmg gmV nmBn Wo Am¡a AJco {XZ nhcm H m`© Omo ‘¢Zo {H `m dh Wm gmao
nmBn AnZo {^ÝZ {‘Ìm| H mo ^|Q H aZm& ‘wPo AË`ÝV àgÝZVm Am¡a {dO`^md
H m Am^mg hþAm Š`m|{H ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H ‘¢Zo `wÕOrV {c`m h¡&
Cg df© Ho go{‘Zma H m Am`moOZ JUn{V nwco ‘| hmoZm Wm, `{X ‘wPo RrH
go `mX h¡ Vmo {H« g‘g H s N¥ {Å`m| ‘| go{‘Zma Amaå^ Am¡a Zddf© go Xmo {XZ nyd©
g‘má hmoZm Wm& J§Jmam‘ H mo ^moOZ H m à~ÝY gm¢nm J`m Wm Am¡a {H« g‘g Ho
g‘rn hr ‘¢ g§JrVH mam| H s Qmocr H mo coH a JUn{V nwco Ho {cE Mc n‹S m& ò
H hZm AZmdí`H hmoJm {H Z Vmo ò g§JrVH ma Wo Am¡a Z hr ‘¢ ghO`moJr Wm&
naÝVw ‘¢Zo enW cr Wr {H AnZr ~hZ H mo ~hþV AÀNm g§JrV noe H ê §Jm&
161
CZ {XZm| Z Vmo Eogo H moB© ÔZ Wo Z JmZo Omo h‘ Jm gH Vo& V~ VH {Z‘©c-
g§JrV g[aVm Z Wr, ò Vmo ‘mÌ g§JrVH mam| H s EH Qmocr Wr Am¡a ‘oar Xmohar
{Oå‘odmar Wr-EH Amoa J§Jmam‘ H s XoI-aoI H aZm Am¡a Xygar Amoa AÀNm
g§JrV àñVwV H aZm& g§JrVH mam| H m EH Xc Zm{gH go Wm {OgHo ‘wpI`m
lr.gm¡X§H a Wo VWm Xygam Xc lram‘nwa go Wm& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H nhco {XZ h‘|
AÝV ‘| g§JrV àñVwV H aZo H m Adga {‘cm Š`m|{H h‘ à{VpîRV g§JrVH ma
Z Wo& h‘Zo H ~ra gmh~ Ho Hw N ÔZ JmE, JwéOr Zo dm`{cZ ~Om`m, Zm{ga
Zo {gVma ~Om`m Am¡a V~co na g§JV ‘Oy‘Xma Zo H s& h‘mao àñVwV {H E JE
g§JrV H s ~hþV àe§gm hþB© Am¡a ~hþV go {dXoer ghO`mo{J`m| Zo AmH a h‘|
~YmB© Xr& ‘¢Zo g‘Pm {H ò g~ Am¡nMm[aH Vm h¡ Š`m|{H ‘wPo gÝXoh Wm {H ò
{dXoer ^maVr` g§JrV H mo {H VZm g‘P nmE§Jo& M¡VÝ` ch[a`m| H s ^mfm go
h‘ nyar Vah AZ{^k Wo& Bg{cE h‘Zo gmoMm {H CnpñWV Xe©H , {deof ê n
go {dXoer cmoJ dmñVd ‘| Bg g§JrV H mo Zht g‘P gH| Jo& h‘ Ho dc `hr
XoIH a àgÝZ Wo {H lr‘mVmOr ~hþV àgÝZ Wt Am¡a Bg àH ma Bg g‘`
h‘mao JUn{V nwco AmZo H m cú` nyam hmo J`m Wm&
Cg df© H m go{‘Zma Am‘ Ho no‹S m| Ho ZrMo ~JrMo ‘| hþAm Wm& ‘oao AÝXmOo
Ho AZwgma 400-500 cmoJm| Zo ^mJ {c`m& h‘mam gamoH ma Š`m|{H Ho dc
g§JrV go Wm Bg{cE h‘ {H gr AÝ` H m`©H« ‘ ‘| ^mJ Z co aho Wo& ~å~B© Ho
ghO`moJr Bg go{‘Zma Ho g§`moOH Wo Am¡a ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H ‘¢ ‘pÝXa Ho g‘rn
Ho EH H ‘ao ‘| ahm Wm Š`m|{H E‘.Qr.Sr.gr. H ‘ao A{V {d{eîQ ì`pŠV`m| H mo
hr Amd§{QV {H E JE Wo& dmñVd ‘| E‘.Qr.Sr.gr. H m joÌ ~hþV NmoQ m Wm Am¡a
Bg‘| go ~hþV hr H ‘ H ‘ao ghO`moJ Ho {cE Amd§{QV {H E JE Wo&
ò XoIH a ‘wPo ~hþV Iwer hþB© {H {dXoer ghO`moJr Bg ~mV H s
{~ëHw c ^r {MÝVm Z H aVo Wo& ImXr Ho ~Zo hþE Hw V}-nOm‘m| na cmc {‘År
O‘ OmVr Wr naÝVw ò {dXoer BgH m {~ëHw c ^r ~wam Z ‘mZVo Wo Š`m|{H dmo
H hVo {H dmo VrW© `mÌm na h¢ Am¡a CÝh| Bg ~mV H s {~ëHw c ^r {MÝVm Z Wr
{H CÝhm|Zo H m¡Z go dñÌ nhZo hþE h¢& g^r {dXoer ‘{hcmE§ lr‘mVmOr Ûmam Xr
JB© gyVr gm{‹S `m± nhZo hþE Wt Am¡a CZHo dñÌm| H s gmXJr VWm CZHo
X¡Xrß`‘mZ AmZÝX‘` Mohao AÝ` ^maVr`m| H mo, {deof ê n go Omo ghO`moJr Z
162
Wo, ñd`§ H mo CZgo VwÀN g‘PZo Ho {cE {dde H a aho Wo& ‘wPo IoX Wm {H ‘¢
ghO`mo{J`m| go VmXmËå` Zht ~Zm nm ahm Wm Bg{cE Bg ^r‹S Ho ~mdOyX ^r
AHo conZ H m {eH ma Wm&
BZ n[apñW{V`m| ‘| Am‘ Ho EH d¥j Ho ZrMo I‹S m hþAm ‘¢ Sm°ŠQa éñV‘
daOmoa Or Am¡a amOoe emh H s ~mVMrV H mo gwZ ahm Wm& do ghO`moJ ‘| AnZr
CÝZ{V Am¡a lr‘mVmOr Ûmam CËWmZ-‘mJ© na àXmZ H s JB© J{V Ho {df` ‘|
~mV H a aho Wo& ‘oao Mohao na àíZ‘` ‘wñH mZ XoIH a amOoe emh Zo ‘wPo
~Vm`m {H Š`m|{H ‘¢ AmË‘gmjmËH mar Zht hÿ± Bg{cE CZH s ~mVMrV H mo
g‘P nmZm ‘oao {cE H {RZ hmoJm& ‘¢Zo ‘w‹S H a CZgo àíZ {H `m {H Š`m
CÝhm|Zo ‘oar ~hZ H mo Am{XepŠV `m na‘oídar Ho ê n ‘| ñdrH ma H a {c`m
h¡? CÝhm|Zo H hm {H dmo ‘wPo Xmo {‘ZQ ‘| AmË‘-gmjmËH ma Xo Xo§Jo& ‘¢Zo gmoMm
{H dh Ah‘²de ~mV H a aho Wo Š`m|{H Voah dfmªo ‘| lr‘mVmOr ñd`§ à`ËZ
H aZo Ho ~mdOyX ^r ‘wPo AmË‘-gmjmËH ma XoZo ‘| g’ c Z hþBª Wt& Omo ^r hmo
CZHo eãXm| H mo ñdrH ma H aVo hþE ‘¢Zo CÝh| MwZm¡Vr Xr {H dmo ‘wPo AmË‘-
gmjmËH ma X|& CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo no‹S Ho ZrMo ~¡R Zo H mo H hm Am¡a ‘oao ~mcm| H mo
‘Mmo‹S Vo hþE CÝhm|Zo AnZm hmW ‘oao {ga na aIm& CZH m Eogm H aZm ‘wPo
AÀNm Z cJm& ‘¢Zo CZgo H hm {H CZH s Ag’ cVm ‘oar {dO` hmoJr& ‘wPo
nyU©-{dídmg Wm {H ‘wPo AmË‘-gmjmËH ma XoZo ‘| do Ag’ c hm|Jo& amOoe-
emh ‘wPgo àíZ nyN Zo cJo& CZH m nhcm àíZ ò Wm {H ‘oar {à`V‘ MrμO
Š`m h¡? ñnîQ h¡ {H ‘oam CÎma Wm "lr‘mVmOr'& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H lr‘mVmOr
Ho A{V[aŠV ‘oam {à`V‘ Š`m h¡? ‘oam CÎma Wm "g§JrV'& CÝhm|Zo AË`ÝV
A~mo{YVm nyd©H ‘wPgo àíZ {H `m {H g§JrV H m gma-VËd, BgH m
na‘moËH f©, BgH s namH mîRm Š`m h¡? jU â gmoMZo Ho níMmV² ‘¢Zo CÎma
{X`m, ""H cmH ma Ûmam g¥{OV ñda {Ogo lmoVm nyar Vah go ñdrH ma H a c|
Am¡a {Og g¥{OV ñda go g§JrV H mo H moB© hm{Z Z nhþ±Mo&'' ‘¢Zo gmoMm Wm {H
‘¢Zo AË`ÝV M‘ËH m[aH CÎma {X`m h¡ Am¡a Bg CÎma go éñV‘ Yamem`r hmo
JE hm|Jo& naÝVw AMmZH éñV‘ Zo H hm {H , ""Amn ò gmoM| {H lr‘mVmOr
AmnH s ~hZ Zht h¡& do g§JrV H s dmo namH mîRm h¢ {OgH m dU©Z A^r AmnZo
BVZo gwÝXa eãXm| ‘| {H `m h¡&'' CgHo Bg dmŠ` Zo H m`© {H `m& ^mB©-~hZ
163
gå~ÝYm| H m Vma BVZm X¥‹T Wm, ‘oam ò ~ÝYZ BVZm ASmoc Wm {H ‘¢ gå~ÝYm|
Ho ~ÝYZ go ‘wŠV hr Z hmo nm ahm Wm naÝVw lr‘mVmOr H mo g§JrV Ho namH mîRm
ê nr ñda Ho ê n ‘| nhMmZVo hr `h ~ÝYZ Qy Q J`m& ~o{‹S `m± Iwc JBª Am¡a
AMmZH ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr H m EH Z`m ê n XoIm Omo {H {ZamH ma Wm, {OgHo
AmJo-nrNo Hw N Ow‹S m hþAm Z Wm (Prefixes or Suffixes) VWm {H gr gå~ÝY
`m ~ÝYZ H m XmJ Z Wm& AnZo AÝXa ‘wPo EH AOr~ AZw^d hþAm ‘mZmo
g§JrV H m {ZamH ma ñda ‘oar ~hZ H s nhMmZ H mo g‘má H a ahm hmo& dht ‘wPo
Bg ~mV H m Am^mg hmo J`m {H ‘oao AÝXa n[adV©Z K{QV hmo ahm h¡& AMmZH
‘wPo gd©Ì erVcVm H m Am^mg hmoZo cJm, {deof ê n go ‘oao hmWm| ‘| Am¡a {ga
na VWm ‘oar Am±Im| H s nwV{c`m± ’¡ cZo cJt& {~Zm {H gr BÀNm Ho ‘¢ {Z{d©Mma
hmo J`m Wm Am¡a ‘wPo Hw N ^r gyP Z ahm Wm ‘mZmo {H gr Am¡a g§gma ‘| ‘¢
g‘m{Y ‘| Mcm J`m hÿ±&
Á`m| hr amOoe Zo ‘oar Am±Im| H mo ’¡ bVo hþE XoIm, dmo Iwer go ZmMZo cJm
Am¡a H hm, ""~m~m ‘m‘m H mo {‘c J`m h¡&'' Eogm H hH a dh lr‘mVmOr H mo
g‘mMma XoZo Ho {cE Xm¡‹S n‹S m& ~mX ‘| éñV‘ ‘wPo lr‘mVmOr Ho nmg co Jò
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo H hm, Mmho Xoa go ghr ‘¢ AnZr ‘§{Oc na nhþ±M J`m hÿ±& `h KQZm
28 {Xgå~a H mo K{QV hþB©& Cgr em‘ ‘¢Zo JwéOr VWm AÝ` g§JrVH mam| H mo
AnZo AZw^d Ho {df` ‘| ~Vm`m Am¡a H hm {H erK« hr CÝh| ^r ‘oam AZwgaU
H aZm hmoJm Š`m|{H AmË‘gmjmËH ma AË`ÝV ñdJu` AZw^d h¡&
go{‘Zma Ho níMmV² ‘¢ ZmJnwa cm¡Q J`m& AnZo H m`© na O~ ‘¢ cm¡Q m Vmo
‘wP‘| ~hþV gr CbPZo Wt& lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘wPgo àmV:H mc Ü`mZ YmaUm H aZo
Ho {cE H hm Wm Omo ‘¢ {Z`{‘V ê n go H a ahm Wm& ‘¢ Š`m|{H AnZm ‘pñVîH
EH mJ« Z H a nm ahm Wm Bg{cE ‘wP‘| AZ{JZV àíZ Wo {OZH m ‘wPo H moB©
CÎma Z {‘c ahm Wm& ‘oao àíZ àm`: gm§gm[aH Vm go n[anyU© Wo Vm{H AnZo
AÝXa Ho {Okmgw H mo gÝVwîQ H aZo Ho {cE ‘¢ AnZr ~m¡{ÕH loîRVm ñWm{nV
H a gHy§ & àíZ O¡go, "AÀNo ~wao ‘| ôX {H g àH ma {H `m OmE?', "{H gr
ì`pŠV H m Am±H cZ {H g àH ma {H `m OmE?', "na‘mË‘m Š`m h¡?', "Y‘©
Š`m h¡?', "‘mZd, Y‘© Am¡a na‘mË‘m ‘| Š`m AÝVg©å~ÝY h¡?,' "Š`m
na‘mË‘m VH nhþ±MZo Ho {cE Y‘© Amdí`H h¡?' Am¡a Eogo hr ~hþV go AÝ`
164
àíZ Omo {H ~m¡{ÕH Vm Ho ñVa Ho Wo, ‘wPo naoemZ H aZo cJo& n[aUm‘ñdê n
`Ú{n ‘¢ AmË‘-gmjmËH mar Wm {’ a ^r ^«mpÝV ‘| ’± g J`m Wm& ‘oao OrdZ ‘|
`h AË`ÝV ZmOwH g‘` Wm& Bgr g‘` AMmZH ‘wPo lr‘mVmOr H m ’ moZ
Am`m {H ‘¢ H cH Îmm AmH a Cg OZH m`©H« ‘ ‘| ^mJ by§ Omo CÝhm|Zo dhm±
Am`mo{OV {H `m Wm& em`X `h OZdar 1986 H m Vrgam gámh Wm& AV:
‘¢Zo H cH Îmm Ho {cE aocJm‹S r nH ‹S r& aoc H mo H cH Îmm Ho ~mø joÌ ‘| éH Zm
n‹S m& ‘¢ J¡a dmVmZwHy {cV {Sã~o ‘| `mÌm H a ahm Wm& Jm‹S r Ohm± éH s dhm± na
J«m‘rU joÌ Ho Hy ‹S o VWm g‹S o hþE nmZr H s XwJ©ÝY AghZr` Wr& AnZm {MÎm
Hy ‹S o Ho ‹T oa VWm g‹S o hþE nmZr go hQmZo Ho {cE ‘¢Zo A{ZÀNm nyd©H H c‘ Am¡a
H mJμO CRm`m Am¡a {cIZo cJm&
AMmZH ‘¢Zo XoIm {H ‘¢ CXy© H {dVm {cI ahm Wm& AË`ÝV
AH mì`mË‘H dmVmdaU ‘| Bg àH ma go H {dVm Ho ~hmd Ho H maU ‘¢ AdmH
ah J`m ‘¢ OmZVm Wm {H `h H {dVm ‘¢ Zht {cI ahm hÿ±& ‘oao AÝXa go Hw N ~h
ahm Wm Am¡a H c‘ Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go H mJμO na {cIm Om ahm Wm& H {dVm {cIVo
hþE ‘¢ dmVmdaU H mo {~ëHw c ^yc J`m Wm Am¡a XwJ©ÝY ^r ‘wPo naoemZ Z H a
ahr Wr& H mì` H m A^r^yV H a XoZo dmcm à^md BVZm JhZ Wm {H ‘¢ ò ^r
^yc J`m {H ‘¢ aocJm‹S r ‘| Wm& ‘¢ Amngo gË` ~Vm ahm hÿ± {H ‘¢ Zht {cI ahm
Wm, H moB© ‘wPo dmñVd ‘| {dde H a ahm Wm `m ò H h| {H ‘wPo {cIdm ahm Wm
Am¡a ‘¢ Cgo {cIVm Mcm Om ahm Wm& ò ‘oar nhcr H {dVm Wr, ""ZmIwXm H mo
Sy ~Vo ~rM ‘PYma Ty §T Vo h¢'' (Sy ~Vm hþAm ì`pŠV ‘PYma ‘| hr Ho dQ H mo
ImoOVm h¡)& H {dVm H aZo H m ‘oam ò àW‘ à`ËZ AË`ÝV {à` ÔZ ~Zm&
H cH Îmm OmH a ‘¢ lr‘mVmOr Am¡a AÝ` g^r ghO`mo{J`m| go {‘cm naÝVw
AnZr H {dVm {H gr H mo {XImZo H s {hå‘V Z H s {H H ht dmo ‘wP na h±go
Zht§& EH {XZ AmË‘-gmjmËH ma Ho EH H m`©H« ‘ ‘| ‘¢ Sm°ŠQa Vcdma Ho
g‘rn ~¡R m hþAm Wm& n[adma ‘| EH {ddmh Ho H maU do Ho dc ‘oao gå~ÝYr hr Z
Wo do {X„r Ho crSa ^r Wo& O~ CXy© H {dVm H m {df` Mcm`m Vmo do Hw N eoa
gwZmZo cJo Omo {H AË`ÝV gm§gm[aH Wo& V~ ‘¢Zo AnZr Oo~ go dh H mJμO
{ZH mcZo H s {hå‘V H s {Og na dh H {dVm {cIr Wr Am¡a H mJμO go H {dVm
n‹T Zr Amaå^ H s& CÝh| O~ nVm cJm {H `h H {dVm ‘¢Zo {cIr h¡ Vmo CÝhm|Zo
165
dh H mJμO ‘oao hmW go NrZ {c`m Am¡a grYo lr‘mVmOr H mo Xo {X`m& H {dVm H mo
n‹T H a lr‘mVmOr Zo nyN m {H Š`m `h H {dVm ‘¢Zo {cIr h¡? AË`ÝV {dZ‘«Vm
nyd©H ‘¢Zo CÎma {X`m ""hm±''& CZHo AJco dmŠ` Zo ‘wPo AmíM`©M{H V H a
{X`m& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H Z Ho dc EH ‘hmZ H {d Zo OÝ‘ {c`m h¡ ~pëH CXy©
^mfm, {OgH m H {d cmoJ Xw:I XX©, ào‘r Ho H îQ `m ào{‘H m H s nËWa{Xcr H s
A{^ì`pŠV Ho {cE Xwén`moJ H a aho Wo, A~ ‘wŠV hmo JB© h¡&
‘¢Zo {Z:gÝXoh lr‘mVmOr na {dídmg Zht {H `m Š`m|{H ‘¢ cmoJm| H s
àe§gm H aZo Ho lr‘mVmOr Ho ñd^md H mo OmZVm Wm Am¡a H {d Ho ê n ‘|
AnZr `mo½`Vm H mo ^r nhMmZVm Wm& OrdZ-n`©ÝV gm{hË` ‘oam g~go Xw~©c
{df` ahm Wm Am¡a CXy© ZμÁ‘ {cIZo Ho {df` ‘| Vmo ‘¢ gmoM ^r Z gH Vm Wm&
Eogm H aZm dmñV{dH Vm go nao H s ~mV Wr Š`m|{H ‘¢ CXy© n‹T Zm-{cIZm ^r Z
OmZVm Wm Am¡a CXy© ZμÁ‘ {cIZo Ho {cE CXy© ^mfm Ho JhZ kmZ H s
Amdí`H Vm hmoVr h¡ VWm Bg JhZVm H m ‘wP‘| nyU© A^md Wm& AV: ‘¢Zo
lr‘mVmOr H s àe§gm H mo AZXoIm H a {X`m Am¡a AnZr {cIr hþB© H {dVm H mo
‘mÌ EH cha ‘mZm Omo g§^dV: {’ a H ^r Z CRo& Omo ^r hmo Bg H {dVm Zo
ghO {díd ‘| ‘wPo VwaÝV ‘mÝ`Vm àXmZ H s Am¡a cmoJm| go ‘oam n[aM` ‘hmZ
CXy© H {d Ho ê n ‘| H am`m OmZo cJm& ‘hmZ CXy© H {d H hcmZo ‘| ‘wPo h‘oem
g§H moM hmoVm Š`m|{H ‘wPo ^` Wm {H H ht ‘oar AkmZVm H m nXm©μ\ me Z hmo
OmE& AV: Am¡a A{YH H {dVm {cIZo H m {dMma Ë`mJ H a ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr Ho
OZH m`©H« ‘ ‘| ^mJ {c`m {Og‘| AZ{JZV cmoJ CnpñWV Wo&
lr‘mVmOr O~ H cH Îmm go OmZo cJo Vmo ‘¢ ZmJnwa cm¡Q Zo Ho {cE CZH s
Amkm coZo J`m& naÝVw CÝhm|Zo AZwamoY {H `m {H ‘¢ CZHo gmW ~å~B© Mcy§& ‘¢
h¡amZ Wm {H CÝhm|Zo Eogm Š`mo§ H hm Š`m|{H do Bg ~mV go ^cr ^m§{V AdJV
Wt {H OZdar, ’ adar Am¡a ‘mM© Ho ‘hrZo emgn{ÌV coImH mam| Ho {cE
AË`ÝV ì`ñVVm Ho hmoVo h¢§! O¡gm nhco dU©Z {H `m Om MwH m h¡, ‘¢Zo {ZU©`
{H `m Wm {H ‘¢ CZH s ~mV H mo H ^r Qmcy§Jm Zht& AV: ‘¢ CZHo gmW ~å~B©
J`m Am¡a Xmo {XZm| Ho níMmV² ZmJnwa cm¡Q m&
ZmJnwa cm¡Q Zo Ho EH {XZ níMmV² àW‘ ’ adar Ho {XZ lr‘mVmOr Zo
Qo{c’ moZ H aHo ‘wPo H hm {H ‘¢ CZHo gmW hm§J-H m§J Mcy§& Amaå^ ‘¢ Vmo ‘wPo
166
àgÝZVm hþB© naÝVw O~ CÝhm|Zo ‘wPgo H hm {H dhm± McH a ‘¢ AnZo {cE Hw N
{dnUZ H ê § Vmo ‘¢ qH H Îm©ì`{d‘y‹T gm hmo J`m& EH ‘{hcm Omo ‘wPo ‘m`m go Xya
OmZo Ho {cE {ejm XoVr Wt dhr ‘wPo hm§J-H m§J OmH a IarXXmar H aZo Ho {cE
H h ahr Wt! AV: Y¡`©hrZVm nyd©H ‘¢Zo CZgo nyN m {H EH Amoa Vmo do ‘wPgo
^m¡{VH Vm ‘wŠV hmoZo Ho {cE H hVr h¢ Am¡a Xygar Amoa dhr ‘wPo Cgr ‘m`m ‘|
KgrQ ahr h¢! CZH m VwaÝV CÎma Wm {H O~ VH ‘oao nmg ^m¡{VH Vm H s
dñVwE§ hr Z hm|Jr ‘wP‘| {dapŠV H¡ go OmJ¥V hmoJr& CZHo AZwgma {dapŠV
gm§gm[aH dñVwAm| H m Ë`mJ Zht h¡ naÝVw BZ‘| ahVo hþE BZgo {daŠV ahZm h¡&
‘oao {cE `h EH AÝ` nmR Wm& AV: H m`©H« ‘mZwgma h‘ hm§J-H m§J JE& ‘oao
EH {‘Ì A{dZme gr[a`m ^r gmW JE& CÝh| ‘`m©XmAm| H m {~ëHw c ^r Ü`mZ
Z Wm naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Zo CÝh| ghZ {H `m&
hm§J-H m§J ‘| lr‘mVmOr Zo Mma `m nm±M OZg^mAm| H mo g§~mo{YV {H `m&
CZHo àdMZ go nyd© AmñQ´ o{c`m Ho Sm.dmaoZ arìμO Zo {df` H m n[aM` {X`m&
dhm± na CÝhm|Zo ‘wPo EH Qo{c{dOZ, EH dr.gr.Ama., Qon[aH mS© a, H¡ ‘ao,
H cmB© K‹S r Am{X IarXdmBª& Eogr hr dñVwE§ CÝhm|Zo ‘oao ^mB© ~mcmgm{h~ Am¡a
‘oao ^VrOo hare Ho {cE ^r IarXdmBª& n[aUm‘ñdê n ‘wPo ha MrμO Ho VrZ
ZJ co OmZo n‹S o& Eà-B§{S`m ‘| Zm¡H ar Ho {XZm| go hr ‘¢ OmZVm Wm {H BZ na
~hþV ^mar H ñQ‘-H a cJVm h¡& AV: BÝh| ~m±YVo hþE ‘¢ `moOZm ~Zm ahm Wm
{H H m¡Z-H m¡Z gr dñVwAm| H s KmofUm H aZr h¡ Am¡a H m¡Z gr dñVwE§ AKmo{fV
{ZH mcZr h¡& AV: ‘¢Zo NmoQ o Qon[aH mS© a VWm AÝ` NmoQ r MrμO| AnZo gyQ Ho g
‘| H n‹S m| Ho ZrMo aI ct&
hm§J-H§ mJ ‘| h‘mam éH Zm AË`ÝV CËgmhdY©H Wm& dhm± ha em‘ H mo
lr‘mVmOr h‘| am{Ì^moO Ho {cE {H gr MrZr aoñVam§ ‘| co Om`m H aVr Wt&
ImZo H m AmS© a XoZo ‘| dmo AË`ÝV Hw ec Wr Bg{cE do ImZo H m Z Ho dc
C{MV ‘mÌm ‘| AmS© a XoVt ~pëH ~hþV AÀNo VWm ñdm{XîQ ì`§OZ ‘§JmVt&
hm§J-H m§J dm`wnÎmZ na h‘mam gm‘mZ A{YH Z Wm Am¡a O¡go H hm OmVm
h¡ {H AmXV| H {RZVm go g‘má hmoVr h¢ ‘¢ dm`wnÎmZ à~§YH go gm¡Xo~mOrμ H aZo
cJm& EàcmBÝμO H m ì`pŠV hmoZo Ho ZmVo ‘¢ OmZVm Wm {H `{X Amn ì`W© H m
emoa-eam~m H a| Vmo dm`wnÎmZ à~ÝYH AmnHo ’ mcVy Ho gm‘mZ H mo gm‘mÝ`
167
gm‘mZ ‘¢ ôO XoVm h¡, naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Zo Bg ~mV na ~c {X`m {H do ’ mcVy
Ho gm‘mZ H m {H am`m X|Jr& CZH m ò {dMma ‘wPo AÀNm Z cJm Š`m|{H ‘¢
CZHo {cE n¡go ~MmZm MmhVm Wm& ~mX ‘| ‘wPo ‘hgyg hþAm {H B©‘mZXmar
CZH m JwU Wm, Zr{V Zht, Š`m|{H Zr{V Vmo n[apñW{V`m| Ho AZwgma n[ad{V©V
hmo OmVr h¡&
~å~B© VH H s `mÌm ‘| ‘¢ AË`ÝV VZmd ‘| Wm& BgH m H maU {deof ê n
go ò Wm {H ha jU ‘¢ `hr `moOZm ~Zm ahm Wm {H {H g àH ma {~Ocr H s
A{YH Va dñVwE§ ñ‘Jc H aHo ~mha co OmD §& O~ h‘ ~å~B© CVao Vmo g^r
H ñQ‘ A{YH m[a`m| Zo AmH a lr‘mVmOr Ho MaU ñne© {H E Am¡a hmW
Omo‹S H a CZH m ñdmJV {H `m& ‘¢Zo M¡Z H s gm§g cr Š`m|{H ‘wPo {dídmg hmo
J`m Wm {H H moB© ^r A~ h‘mao gm‘mZ H s Om±M Zht H aoJm& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr
Zo CZ g^r cmoJm| Ho ñdmñÏ` Am¡a g‘ñ`mAm| Ho {df` ‘| nyN VmN H aZo Ho
níMmV² H ñQ‘ A{YH m[a`m| H mo ~Vm`m {H CZH m ^mB© AWm©V ‘¢ VWm
A{dZme Hw N MrO| cmE h¢ {OZna H ñQ‘-H a cJoJm& CÝhm|Zo CZH mo
{hXm`V Xr {H C{MV H a H m {hgm~ cJm`m OmE Vm{H dmo Bgo AXm H a gH| &
{~Zm H a {Xò MrOm| H mo ~mha {ZH mcZo H s ‘oar `moOZm Yar ah JB© Am¡a ‘wPo
gmar dñVwAm| H s KmofUm H ñQ‘ A{YH m[a`m| Ho gå‘wI H aZr n‹S r& h‘ O~
H ñQ‘-H a Am{X Xo aho Wo Vmo do ~mha h‘mar àVrjm H aVo hþE dhm± CÝh| coZo
AmE ghO`mo{J`m| H mo gå~mo{YV H a ahr Wt& CÝh| Cg YZ H s {~ëHw c ^r
{MÝVm Z Wr Omo CÝh| H ñQ‘ A{YH m[a`m| H mo XoZm n‹S m& H ñQ‘
A{YH mar ^r CZHo ñd^md go ^cr-^m§{V n[a{MV Wo& AV: CÝhm|Zo C{MV
H a cJm`m& H ñQ‘ A{YH mar go H a H ‘ H admZo Ho {cE Cgo [aídV XoZm
Am‘ ~mV h¡& naÝVw lr‘mVmOr Ho B©‘mZXma ñd^md Ho H maU H ñQ‘
A{YH mar ^r H a cJmZo ‘| ~hþV B©‘mZXma Wo& Bg àH ma go do AnZr
B©‘mZXmar ‘wP g‘oV AnZo Mhþ± Am¡a {dÚ‘mZ cmoJm| ‘| àgm[aV H a ahr Wt&
Xmo {XZm| Ho níMmV² ‘| AË`ÝV MH mMm|Y pñW{V ‘| ZmJnwa cm¡Q Am`m& ‘¢
h¡amZ Wm {H lr‘mVmOr go BVZo Amerdm©X nmZo Ho {cE ‘¢Zo Š`m {H `m h¡?
CZ J{‘©`m| ‘| ‘¢ AnZo n[adma Ho gmW `moJr-‘hmOZ H m A{V{W ~ZH a
Y‘©emcm J`m Am¡a CgHo níMmV² AnZo {‘Ìm| VWm n[admam| Ho gmW h‘ Hw „ÿ-
168
‘Zmcr JE& ‘¢ Š`m|{H eam~ Z nrVm Wm AV: ‘¢Zo AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho ~ÀMm| VWm
CZH s npËZ`m| Ho gmW g‘yh ~Zm {c`m Am¡a Bg àH ma go AnZo eam~r {‘Ìm|
H m ~{hîH ma {H `m& CZ J{‘©`m| ‘| ‘Zmcr ‘| ^`§H a RÊS Wr {OgH m gm‘Zm
H aZo Ho {cE h‘mao nmg n`m©á dñÌ Z Wo& AV: J«rî‘ G Vw hmoZo Ho ~mdOyX ^r
h‘ D Zr dñÌ IarXZo ‘| cJo hþE Wo&
‘oao ~‹S o ^mB© ~mcm gm{h~ ~å~B© CÀM Ý`m`mc` Ho Ý`m`mYre ~Z JE Wo
VWm dmo ~å~B© CÀM Ý`m`mc` H s Am¡a§Jm~mX emIm Ho dV©‘mZ Ý`m`mYre
(Sitting Judge) ^r Wo& ‘wPo `mX h¡ {H AnZo noeo Ho H m`© go ‘¢ H ma Ûmam JmoAm
J`m Wm Am¡a dmngr na AnZo ^mB© VWm lr‘mVmOr go {‘cZo Ho {cE, Omo {H
CZ {XZm| CZHo nmg Rhar hþBª Wt, ‘¢ Am¡a§Jm~mX éH m Wm& ‘oam EH
Zd{ddm{hV ^VrOm ^r dhm± Am`m hþAm Wm VWm ~mcm gm{h~ Zo h‘mao {cE
{d»`mV AO§Vm Ecmoam Jw’ mE§ VWm AÝ` a‘UrH ñWc XoIZo H m à~ÝY {H `m
Wm& EH {XZ h‘ Mmam|, lr‘mVmOr, Zd{ddm{hV `wJc Am¡a ‘¢, Jw’ mEo§ XoIZo Ho
{cE JE& AmemZwê n Zd{ddm{hV Omo‹S m EH Xygao ‘| Imo J`m& Bg àH ma ‘wPo
dmo ~hþV go àíZ nyN Zo H m Adga àmá hmo J`m Omo hm§J-H m§J go hr ‘oao
‘pñVîH ‘| Kwgo hþE Wo& O¡go "AmË‘m Š`m h¡' "‘Z Š`m h¡', "‘mZd H m g¥OZ
H aZo ‘| na‘mË‘m H m Š`m cú` Wm' "~«÷mÊS Š`m h¡', "g¥pîQ Š`m h¡',
"na‘mË‘m H hm± ahVo h¢?' Am{X-Am{X VWm Hw N AÝ` ‘yI©Vm nyU© àíZ Omo
‘wPo naoemZ H a aho Wo& Adga àmá hmoVo hr ‘¢Zo lr‘mVmOr na EH Ho ~mX EH
àíZm| H s P‹S r cJm Xr& CÝhm|Zo AË`ÝV Y¡`nyd©H ‘oao àíZm| Ho CÎma {XE& ‘oao
Bg àíZ Ho CÎma ‘o§ {H ~«÷mÊS H m g¥OZ {H g àH ma {H `m J`m CÝhm|Zo H hm
{H BgH m dU©Z H aZo Ho {cE CÝh| EH ZŠem ItMZm n‹S oJm& AV: Jw’ mE§
XoIZm Nmo‹S H a h‘ {dlm‘-^dZ cm¡Q AmE, Omo h‘mao {cE Ama{jV Wm, Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo dU©Z H aZm Amaå^ {H `m&
169
AÜ`m`-9
1986
~«÷mÊS H m g¥OZ
CÝhm|Zo H hm {H Bggo nyd© {H do ~«÷mÊS Ho g¥OZ Ho {df` ‘| ~VmE§ HwN

VÏ`m| na {dídmg H aZm Amdí`H hmoJm& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H ‘wPo {dídmg H aZm
hmoJm {H na‘mË‘m EH h¢, dmo gd©ì`mnr h¢, gd©epŠV‘mZ h¢, gd©k h¢
(Omnipotent, Omnipresent, Omniscient) Bg ~mV Ho {cE ‘¢ VwaÝV
gh‘V hmo J`m Š`m|{H ‘oam X¥‹T {dídmg Wm {H na‘mË‘m Vmo EH hr hmo gH Vo
h¢& V~ CÝhm|Zo H hm {H `{X h‘ ~mB~c Ho "CËn{ÎmJ«§W' AÜ`m` H mo n‹T | Vmo
Bg‘| {cIm h¡ {H AmË‘m gd©Ì Ky‘ ahr Wr& Bg AmË‘m H mo gXm{ed `m
gd©ì`má g¥îQm H hm Om gH Vm h¡ `m Bgo gd©ì`má gwá gXm{ed `m g¥îQm H s
M¡VÝ`-ch[a`m± ^r H hm Om gH Vm h¡& gwá gXm{ed H s M¡VÝ` ch[a`m| H s
epŠV ~«÷mÊS Ho Mhþ± Amoa K‹S r H s gwB© H s {Xem ‘| (grYo MŠH a ‘|) ‘§S am
ahr Wr& gXm{ed Ho AÝXa pñWV BÀNm epŠV Bg n[aH« ‘m go WH MwH s Wr
Am¡a BgZo gXm{ed go ‘wŠV hmoZo H s BÀNm ì`ŠV H s& AV: gXm{ed Zo AnZr
epŠV H s Bg àmW©Zm H mo Bg eV© na ñdrH ma {H `m {H dh AnZr n[aH« ‘m ‘|
~Zr ahoJr Am¡a gXm{ed H s BÀNm Ho {~Zm CZHo nmg cm¡Q H a Zht AmEJr&
BÀNm epŠV Bg ~mV go gh‘V hmo JB© Am¡a gXm{ed Zo CÝh| grYo MŠH a ‘|
n[aH« ‘m ‘| ñWm{nV H a {X`m& cmIm| dfm] CnamÝV epŠV AnZo AHo conZ Ho
H maU naoemZ hmo JB© Am¡a gXm{ed Ho nmg dm{ng cm¡Q Zm Mmhm& CÝhm|Zo Cg
eV© H mo ^r AZXoIm {H `m {H do gXm{ed Ho nmg Ho dc V^r cm¡Q gH Vr h¡
O~ gXm{ed Mmho§, AnZr ñdVÝÌ BÀNm go Zht& BÀNm epŠV O~ {ed Ho
g‘rn AmZo cJr Vmo CÝhm|Zo Cgo amoH Zo Ho {cE AnZm hmW CRm`m Omo My‹S r Ho
AmH ma ‘| ~Zr n[aH« ‘m go Om QH am`m& `h n[aH« ‘m V~ VoO AmdmμO Ho gmW
VrZ {hñgm| ‘| Qy Q JBª Ama¡ {’ a + H m AmH ma YmaU H aHo nañna EH hmo JB&©
ZmX H m `h g¥OZ nhcr ~ma hþAm Wm `m O¡gm lr‘mVmOr Zo ~Vm`m `h
ñda (Musical Note) H m àW‘ g¥OZ Wm&
170
O~ lr‘mVmOr ~Vm ahr Wt Vmo ‘¢ nyao Ü`mZ go gwZ ahm Wm& CÝhm|Zo
~Vm`m {H Amo§H ma Ho D na cJZo dmcm {~ÝXw dmñVd ‘| ñd`§ gXm{ed h¢&
lr‘mVmOr H hVr JBª {H dmñVd ‘| ò VrZm| IpÊSV ^mJ VrZ epŠV`m± h¢-
‘hmH mcr, ‘hmgañdVr Am¡a ‘hmcú‘r {OÝh| {ÌJwUmpË‘H m Ho Zm‘ go ^r
OmZm OmVm h¡& ò VrZm| epŠV`m± ~«÷mÊS Ho {hV ‘| Hw N H aZm MmhVr Wt&
AV: BÝhm|Zo gXm{ed go àmW©Zm H s {H BÝh| A{^ì`ŠV hmoZo H s Amkm X|&
n[aUm‘ñdê n ^JdmZ {ed, ^JdmZ {dîUw Am¡a ^JdmZ ~«÷Xod VWm Xodr
gañdVr, Xodr cú‘r Am¡a Xodr nmd©Vr H s BZ VrZm| epŠV`m| Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go
A{^ì`pŠV hþB©& ^JdmZ {ed Zo nmd©Vr go, ^JdmZ {dîUw Zo cú‘r go VWm
^JdmZ ~«÷m Zo gañdVr go {ddmh {H `m& BZ N: Xodr-XodVmAm| Ho g¥OZ Ho
~mX ^r BZHo nmg H moB© H m`© Z Wm {Oggo dmo {H gr H mo cm^ nhþ±Mm gH Vo&
AV: Am{XepŠV Zo ‘mZd H m g¥OZ H aZo H m {ZU©` {H `m& lr‘mVmOr ~VmVr
Mcr JBª {H BZ g^r epŠV`m| Ho gmW Am{XepŠV Jmoc-Jmoc Ky‘Vr aht Am¡a
ò epŠV`m± EH ê n hmo JBª& ~hþV μOmoa H s AmdmμO Ho gmW ò Qy Q t (Bggo ZmX,
Big Bang, Ho {gÕmÝV H m dU©Z hmoVm h¡) Am¡a {Og Qw H ‹S o ‘| ‘hmcú‘r
epŠV Wt {Ogo A~ n¥Ïdr H hm OmVm h¡, EH Amoa {Jam Am¡a VoOr go Ky‘Vm
ahm& `hr n¥Ïdr H m Ywar na Ky‘Zm h¡& gy`© Am¡a Mm±X H s Vah Ho AZoH Qw H ‹S o
^r ‘hmgañdVr Am¡a ‘hmH mcr epŠV`m| Ho gmW {Jao& gy`© Zm‘H Qw H ‹S m
AË`ÝV J‘© Wm& naÝVw Xyar Ho H maU `h ghZ H aZo `mo½` hmo J`m& Mm±X
Zm‘H AÝ` Qw H ‹S m AË`ÝV RÊSm Wm& Mm±X VWm Vmao n¥Ïdr go XoIo Om gH Vo
Wo `Ú{n do ~«÷mÊS Ho hr ^mJ Wo& n¥Ïdr gy`© go Mm±X H s Va’ Mcr& Mm±X H s
RÊSH Zo n¥Ïdr H mo erVc {H `m Am¡a Bg àH ma ~’© O‘r& Ky‘Vo hþE n¥Ïdr H m
Omo ^mJ gy`© H s Amoa Am`m dhm± go ~’© {nKcr Am¡a Oc H m g¥OZ hþAm&
n¥Ïdr H m ‘Ü` ^mJ gy`© Ho g‘rn hmoZo Ho H maU Ja‘ hmo J`m Am¡a XmoZmo§ {gao
(Poles) ~’© go TH JE& gXm{ed Zo AmX‘ Am¡a hm¡dm (Adam and Eve) H m
g¥OZ AnZo ê n ‘| {H `m& na‘mË‘m Ho AYyao ê n ‘| hmoZo H maU CÝhm|Zo Zd
{díd àUmcr ‘| Y‘© H m kmZ Zht Smcm& AmX‘ Am¡a hm¡dm Ho nmg ñdVÝÌ
BÀNm epŠV Z hmoZo Ho H maU do loîR newAm| g‘ Wo& Am{XepŠV Hw ÊS{cZr
`m g{n©Ur Ho ê n ‘| CZHo nmg JBª Am¡a CZgo kmZ H m d{O©V ’ c ImZo H s
171
àmW©Zm H s& ‘mZd H s ~hþV gr Om{V`m± ZîQ hmo JBª Š`m|{H CZHo AÝXa Y‘©
H m kmZ ñWm{nV Zht {H `m J`m Wm& n[aUm‘ñdê n à{gÕ àc` H m g¥OZ
hþAm Am¡a g^r Ordm| H s EH -EH Om{V H mo Nmo‹S H a g^r ZîQ H a {XE JE&
EH ~ma BgH m AW© {’ a `hr hþAm {H Xodr-XodVmAm| Ho nmg H moB© H m`© Z Wm
Š`m|{H Ord H s g^r Om{V`m| Ho nmg kmZ H m nyU© A^md Wm& Am{X epŠV Zo
‘mZd H m g¥OZ H aZo Ho ñWmZ na Cgo {dH {gV H aZm Mmhm& Xodr XodVm
H m`© ‘| cJ JE& CÝhm|Zo ‘mZd ‘| {^ÝZ MH« ñWm{nV {H E {OZHo ‘mÜ`‘ go
nyd© newdV ‘mZd H m {dH mg gå^d h¡&
lr‘mVmOr ~VmVr Mcr JBª {H H m~©Z Ho EH AUw go coH a AmO Ho
‘mZd H s pñW{V VH nhþ±MZo Ho {cE cmIm| df© cJo hm|Jo& dmñVd ‘| CÝhm|Zo
ñnwV{ZH àjonmñÌ (Sputnik Missile) {dH mg à{H« `m H m ñnîQ dU©Z {H `m&
EH H¡ ßgyc Ho AÝXa H B© AÝ` H¡ ßgyc aIo hmoVo h¢& eara Ho EH H¡ ßgyc H m
CÝhm|Zo ZŠem ItMm& BgHo AÝXa ^mdZmE§ Ky‘ ahr Wt Am¡a EH AÝ` ‘|
~w{Õ& nhcm H¡ ßgyc O~ ’ QVm h¡ Vmo Xmo AÝ` H¡ ßgycm| H mo Vrd« J{V go
A§V[aj H s Amoa YHo cVm h¡& VËníMmV² Xygam H¡ ßgyc ’ QVm h¡ Am¡a Vrgao
H¡ ßgyc H mo Am¡a A{YH J{V go EH Eogo joÌ ‘| YHo c XoVm h¡ Ohm± JwéËdmH f©U
Zht hmoVm& AÝVV: {dH mg H s Bg à{H« `m Ho ‘mÜ`‘ go ‘mZd H m g¥OZ hþAm
Am¡a CgHo gmW Y‘© H m kmZ ^r {dH {gV hþAm& lr‘mVmOr Ho AZwgma Y‘©
H m AW© EH ‘`m©Xm ‘| ahVo hþE H m`© H aZm h¡& newAm| ‘| ^r Y‘© h¡ naÝVw do
BgHo {df` ‘| Zht OmZVo& ~mV H mo ñnîQ H aZo Ho {cE CÝhm|Zo d¥j H m
CXmhaU {X`m& CÝhm|Zo H hm {H no‹S H ^r ZrMo H s Amoa Zht ~‹T gH Vm Am¡a Z
hr H ^r EH gr‘m go D ±Mm Om gH Vm h¡ Š`m|{H CgH m Y‘© Eogm H aZo H s
Amkm Zht XoVm& naÝVw d¥j H mo Bg ~mV H m kmZ Zht h¡& Bgr àH ma ‘mZd H mo
^r Y‘© Am¡a CgH m kmZ àXmZ {H `m J`m Am¡a BgH s A{^ì`pŠV Amaå^ ‘|
MoVZm, AdMoVZm, Am¡a namMoVZm Ûmam hþB© VWm ~mX ‘| {ddoH VWm
AmÜ`mpË‘H Á`mo{V Ûmam& Y‘© Ho gd©loîR kmZ H mo OmZZo Ho {cE Hw ÊS{cZr,
Omo {H Am{XepŠV H m à{V{~å~ h¡, H mo gwámdñWm go OJm`m J`m& `h
Hw ÊS{cZr O~ OmJ¥V hmoVr h¡ Vmo gd©ì`mnr M¡VÝ` ch[a`m| (na‘-M¡VÝ`) go
grYm gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H aVr h¡& àW‘mdñWm ‘| ì`pŠV {Z{d©Mma hmo OmVm h¡
172
{’ a ^r Amg-nmg H s g^r MrOm| H m kmZ Cgo hmoVm h¡& ào‘ H s {Xì` epŠV
hmoZo Ho H maU Bg epŠV H mo `{X {ZaÝVa ~hZo {X`m OmE Vmo `h ‘mZdr` ê n
‘| Agå^d cJZo dmco H m`© H mo H a gH Vr h¡&
{ÌXodm|, ~«÷mÊS Am¡a {díd Ho , BVZo Wmo‹S o g‘`, ‘| aoIm{MÌm| g‘oV
BVZo {dñV¥V ñnîQrH aU Zo ‘wPo ‘m¡Z H a {X`m& ‘oar g‘P ‘| Zht Am`m {H
Š`m H hÿ±& nhcr ~mV Omo ‘oao ‘pñVîH ‘| AmBª dmo CZgo nyN Zm Wm {H `h g~
~mV| CÝhm|Zo nhco Š`m| Zht ~VmBª? CÝhm|Zo CÎma {X`m {H V~ ‘¢ `h g~
OmZZo Ho {cE n[an³d Z Wm& CÝhm|Zo `h ^r H hm {H Bggo AmJo ^r ~hþV gr
MrO| h¢ Omo ‘¢ ghO`moJ ‘| JhZ OmH a grIy§Jm& CÝhm|Zo ò ^r H hm {H àíZ
nyN Zm Ho dc ì`pŠV H s ‘mZ{gH `mo½`Vm H mo Xem©Vm h¡ Am¡a CZHo CÎma
ì`pŠV H mo ‘mZ{gH gÝVwpîQ àXmZ H aVo h¢& naÝVw dmo Omo HwN ^r ~Vm ahr Wt
dmo g~ Hw N AZw^d H aZo H s MrμO h¡ g‘PZo H s Zht& AV: CÝhm|Zo H hm {H
‘wPo AZw^d H aZo na Omoa XoZm Mm{hE MrOm|μ H mo g‘PZo na Zht&
‘¢ nyU©V: AdmH Wm Am¡a EH eãX ^r Z ~moc nm`m& lr‘mVmOr Ho nmg
kmZ H m AWmh ^ÊSma h¡ {Ogo do Ho dc Adga AmZo na hr àH Q H aVr h¢!
‘oao {cE Vmo do ~hþV AÀNr Am¡a ñZoh‘`r ~hZ h¢& CZH s nhMmZ ‘| ‘oao ‘Z ‘|
CZH m AmÜ`mpË‘H PwH md ^r gpå‘{cV Wm Š`m|{H do AË`ÝV emÝV Ed§
j‘merc ì`pŠV h¢& naÝVw gË` ~mV Vmo `h h¡ {H ‘¢Zo H ^r Zht ‘mZm {H
CZ‘| BVZm AWmh {ddoH Ed§ kmZ hmo gH Vm h¡& Bg{cE ‘oam AmíM`© M{H V
hmoZm ñdm^m{dH Wm& V~ VH Bg ~mV H mo ñdrH ma H aZm ‘oao ‘pñVîH go nao
H s ~mV Wr {H CZHo nmg BVZm kmZ hmo Am¡a A~ VH CÝhm|Zo BgHo {df` ‘|
‘wPo Z ~Vm`m hmo& `Ú{n A~ VH ‘¢ `hr gmoMVm Wm {H ‘¢ CZHo ~hþV g‘rn
hÿ±& gå^dV: CZHo gm‘rß` Ho H maU ‘oar `mo½`Vm A~ ~‹T JB© Wr& ‘¢Zo ^r Bg
~mV H mo ‘hgyg {H `m {H Omo n[adV©Z ‘wP‘| K{QV hmo ahm Wm dh AñWm`r
ñd^md H m Z Wm& Bg ~mV Zo ‘wPo {dídñV {H `m {H Omo H {dVm ‘¢Zo {cIr Wr
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VWm CgH m {dñVma Wr& ‘wPo cJm {H `h g~ ~hþV A{YH h¡& Cg df© O~ ‘¢
lr‘mVmOr go nwUo ‘| {‘cm Vmo {hM{H MmVo hþE ‘¢Zo Bg ^y{‘ Am¡a BgH s H s‘V
Ho {df` ‘| ~mVMrV H s& ‘¢Zo gmoMm Wm {H Bg ~mV Ho {cE ‘wPo Pm‹S n‹S oJr&
O~ CÝhm|Zo Bg ^y{‘ H s pñW{V Am¡a BgH s H s‘V Ho {df` ‘| gwZm Vmo H hm
{H ‘¢ VwaÝV Bgo IarX cy§& Bg‘| Hw N H mZyZr ~mYmE§ ^r Wt {OÝh| Xya {H `m
OmZm ^r Amdí`H Wm& ‘¢Zo ò g~ H a {c`m Š`m|{H lr‘mVmOr H m {MÎm Cg
^y{‘ na Wm Am¡a OyZ 1996 ‘| Bg ^y{‘ H m H¢ Om h‘| àmá hmo J`m&
179
AÜ`m`-10
1999
lr‘mVmOr-‘oar CÕmaH
Bg nwñVH H mo n‹T Vo hþE AmnZo ‘hgyg {H `m hmoJm {H ~hþV ~ma

lr‘mVmOr Zo ‘oam CÕma {H `m& amoqcJ eQa H m ì`mnma Amaå^ H aVo hþE O~
‘¢ Am{W©H H {RZmB© ‘| Wm Vmo CÝhm|Zo AmH a Am{W©H ghm`Vm Ûmam ‘wPo Bg
g§H Q go C~mam Am¡a AnZm ‘edam ^r ‘wPo {X`m& hmc ‘| K{QV KQZm ‘oao
à{V CZHo ào‘ Ed§ ñZoh H mo à‘m{UV H aVr h¡& AnZm ò AZw^d ‘¢ ñd`§ H mo
Jm¡admpÝdV H aZo `m ghmZw^y{V nmZo Ho {cE Zht {cI ahm hÿ±& ‘¥Ë`w H m gm‘Zm
H aVo hþE ò AZw^d ‘¢ ghO`mo{J`m| Ho gmW ~m±Q Zo Ho {cE {cI ahm hÿ± {H Bg
g§H Q go ‘¢Zo {H g àH ma ‘wH m~cm {H `m&
hmc hr ‘| 5 OZdar 1999 H mo AË`ÝV h¥îQ-nwîQ AdñWm ‘o§
JUn{Vnwco go cm¡Q Zo Ho níMmV² AMmZH ‘¢ Im±gZo cJm Am¡a Am‘ XdmB©`m| go
‘wPo H moB© cm^ Z hþAm& ‘oam nm[adm[aH {M{H ËgH Sm.Mm¡~o H cH Îmm J`m hþAm
Wm Am¡a ‘wPo ^r Š`m|{H Ho dc Im±gr H s VH cr’ Wr Bg{cE ‘¢Zo gmoMm {H ‘¢
{H gr AÝ` {M{H ËgH H s gcmh co cy§& AV: ‘¢ EH SmŠQa Ho nmg J`m Omo
‘oao amoJm| Ho B{Vhmg H mo Z OmZVm Wm& CgZo ‘wPo ZwñIo ‘| dmodamoZ Zm‘H
XdmB© {cI Xr& 11 go coH a 15 OZdar VH ‘¢Zo ò Jmo{c`m± cr, naÝVw H moB©
cm^ Z hþAm& ‘oar Im±gr ~‹T Vr JB© naÝVw ‘yÌg«md (Urine Secretion) KQVm
J`m& ñnîQ Wm {H JcV XdmB© Ho H maU Eogm hþAm Wm Š`m|{H Bggo nhco ‘wPo
JwX} H s g‘ñ`m H ^r Z hþB© Wr& 18 OZdar H mo ‘oam noem~ {~ëHw c éH J`m
Am¡a ZmJnwa Ho JwXm© {deofk Zo {ZXmZ {H `m {H `h JwX} H m eV-à{VeV
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H aZo go nyd© hr ‘wPo Sm`{c{gg na Smc {X`m J`m& Amaå^ ‘| ‘wPo nyao {XZ ‘|
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180
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27 OZdar H s àmV: AnZr nËZr VWm nwÌ Ho gmW ‘¢ ~å~B© Ho {cE
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H a {X`m& AmíM`© H s ~mV h¡ {H ‘wPo noem~ H aZo H s BÀNm hþB© Am¡a BVZo
cå~o g‘` Ho níMmV² ‘¢Zo ‘yÌ Ë`mJ {H `m& Cgr em‘ ‘¢Zo {hÝXwOm AñnVmc
Ho EH Sm°ŠQa go g‘` {c`m hþAm Wm Am¡a CgZo ‘wPo gcmh Xr {H VwaÝV
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28 VmarI H mo dmo ‘wPo H ma ‘| dmer Aml‘ co JBª Am¡a dhm± na Sm°ŠQa
am°` Ho gmW ‘oam BcmO ewé {H `m& {ZaÝVa do ‘wP na H m`© H aVr aht Am¡a
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nmoQ o{e`‘ Am¡a gmo{S`‘ ñVa ^r gm‘mÝ` hmo J`m& NmVr H s gyOZ Ho H maU
AmZo dmcr Im§gr ^r g‘má hmo JBª, ‘oam aŠVMmn gm‘mÝ` hmo J`m Am¡a ‘wPo
AË`ÝV AÀNm cJZo cJm& naÝVw ‘oam aŠV-`y[a`m VWm {H« E{Q{ZZ
(Creatinine) ñVa ZrMo Z Am`m&
ñnîQ Wm {H Eogm ‘oao Sm`{c{gg na ahZo Ho H maU hþAm& 30 VmarI

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Ho EH Ì hmo OmZo Ho H maU Am¡a O{QcVmE§ n¡Xm H a gH Vr h¡& ‘wPo nwZ:
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182
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`h nwñVH ‘¢Zo df© 1995 ‘| {cIZr Amaå^ H s Wr naÝVw Amdí`H
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‘oam AZw^d ~hþV JhZ Wm naÝVw `h g¡ÕmpÝVH (Theoretical) kmZ
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184
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{ga do {dídâ ‘| `h ‘hmZ H m`© H a ahr h¢& CÝhm|Zo h‘mao ‘pñVîH H mo emÝV
H a {X`m h¡& nhco `h à{V{H« `m {H `m H aVm Wm, naÝVw A~ {Z{d©Mma hmo J`m
h¡& ‘oar Vah go hμOmam| cmoJm| Zo, dV©‘mZ ‘|, Omo {H dmñV{dH Vm h¡, ahZm grI
{c`m h¡& ‘wPo A~ ghO`moJ VWm lr‘mVmOr H s epŠV`m| Ho {df` ‘| H moB©
185
g§e` Zht h¡& ‘wPo AnZm n[adma Am¡a gå~ÝYr Ë`mJZo H s H moB© Amdí`H Vm
Zht `Ú{n do g~ ghO`moJ H s g‘ñ`mAm| H mo g‘PZo ‘| ‘ÝX h¡& AnZm noem
Ë`mJH a ‘wPo {h‘mc` Ho {H gr EH mÝV H moZo na ^mJZm Zht n‹S m& Bgr {díd
‘| ahVo hþE hr ‘¢Zo ñd`§ H mo Bg AdñWm ‘| ñWm{nV {H `m& ‘oar AmË‘m hr ‘oao
{MÎm ‘| AmB© Am¡a ‘wPo Á`mo{V‘©` H a {X`m& ‘¢ nyU©V: {Z{c©á hmo J`m& AÝ`
cmoJm| H m gå‘mZ H aZm ^r ‘¢Zo grI {c`m& ‘¢Zo XoIm {H {dídâ Ho
ghO`moJr ‘oam d¡go hr gå‘mZ H aVo h¢ O¡go ‘¢ CZH m H aVm hÿ±&
‘¢ OmZVm hÿ± {H ò ~mV g‘P nmZm H {RZ h¡ {H {díd â Ho h‘ g~
BVZo ghO`moJr {H g àH ma Bg A{ÛVr` VmaVå`Vm nyd©H EH gmW ahVo h¢!
Ho dc EH BÀNm ‘wPo naoemZ H aVr h¡ {H {H g àH ma nmdZ ào‘ Amoa nyU©
gË` H s ImoO ‘| ^QHo hþE AZ{JZV gmYH m| VH ‘¢ ghO`moJ H mo nhþ±MmD §&
AmË‘-gmjmËH mar cmoJm| H s ZB© Om{V ‘| CËWmZ àm{á Ho {cE àdoe H m h‘mao
gå‘wI `h ApÝV‘ Adga h¡&
186
gdm©{YH ma gwa{jV
{~Zm nyd© Amkm Ho Bg nwñVH Ho {H gr ^r ^mJ H s
à{V{b{n `m [H gr ^r ê n _| àgmaU d{O©V h¡ & H moB© ^r
ì`{º AZ{YH¥ V ê n go `{X BgH m àH meZ H aVm h¡ Vmo
Cg na hm{Zny{V© H m Xmdm {H `m OmEJm &

Mere Sansmaran Babamama

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Mere Sansmaran Babamama

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‘o a o g§ ñ ‘aU

lr.EM.nr.gmëdo H m OÝ‘ df© 1933 ‘| hþAm& ghO¶mo{J¶m| ‘| do ~m~m-

gd©àW‘ ‘¢ A§Jo«Or ^mfm Ho {dÛmZm| Ed§ ^mfm{dXm| go j‘m ‘m±Jy§Jm Š`m|{H

¶h nwñVH na‘ nyÁ¶ ‘mVmOr lr {Z‘©bm Xodr H s nm[adm[aH n¥ð ^y{‘,

‘oao {nVmOr lr àgmXamd H m OÝ‘, ‘oao XmXmOr H s ‘¥Ë`monam§V ‘oar XmXr

e¡edH mc go hr lr‘mVmOr AË`ÝV {OμÝXm{Xc Wt& Omo ^r CÝh| ~wcmVm

lr‘mVmOr Ho OÝ‘ Ho g‘` {~«{Qe amO ~wcpÝX`m| na Wm& `hm± na `o

‘¢ AnZo {nVmOr H m ~mahdm± Am¡a ‘mVmOr H m gmVdm± ~ƒm Wm& n[adma ‘|

{ddmh Ho níMmV² Hw N {XZ lr‘mVmOr h‘mao gmW éH s¨ Am¡a CgHo

EH KQZm `m EH gmh{gH H m`© H m `hm± ‘¢ dU©Z H aZm Mmhÿ§Jm&

‘oao {nVmOr H s ‘¥Ë`w Zo eZ¡:eZ¡: naÝVw {ZpíMV ê n go Ehgmg H adm`m

16 AŠQy ~a 1963 H mo nyZm ‘| AÝVV: ‘oam {ddmh Hw ‘wX go hmo hr J`m&

‘oao àíZ Ho CÎma ‘| CÝhm|Zo AnZr ~hþ‘yë` ‘wñH mZ {~IoaVo hþE H hm {H

CÝhm|Zo H hm {H Bggo nyd© {H do ~«÷mÊS Ho g¥OZ Ho {df` ‘| ~VmE§ HwN

Bg nwñVH H mo n‹T Vo hþE AmnZo ‘hgyg {H `m hmoJm {H ~hþV ~ma

ñnîQ Wm {H Eogm ‘oao Sm`{c{gg na ahZo Ho H maU hþAm& 30 VmarI

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