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Simon Haines
Barbara Stewart
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 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 5
1 You are §oin§ to read a magazine article about !rish folk
dancin§. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D)
which you think fits best accordin§ to the text.
1, What did the stage show Riverdance achieve?
A lt showed lrish competition dancing at its best.
B lt demonstrated how complicated lrish dancing is.
C lt presented traditional dances from all over the world.
D lt introduced lrish dancing to an international
audience.
2 Why do some individual dresses cost so much money?
A They are made of very heavy material.
B The pattern of each dress is different from every other.
C They are made of very expensive material.
D They are created by top designers.
3 What do we find out about the competition judges?
A They are looking for perfection.
B They are sympathetic if a dancer makes a mistake.
C They only watch one dancer at a time.
.!
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C
D They pay Sreat attention to all the dancers.
pc) 4 How does the writer compare lrish dancing with other
-o sports?
c(() r Traditionatlrish folk dancing, which is well known for its cotourful
q)
A She thinks it is more competitive than other sports. costumes and etaborate steps, has become very gtamorous si
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C B She thinks performance matters less than in many the stage show Riverdance made it recognizabte attover the
rt]
t- other sports.
(o What many peopte do not know about, however, is competition
o C She thinks experience is more important than in other
o_ s dancing and the importance of appearance in competitions.
o_ sports.
r(]
Appearance, which can include costume, make-up, shoes and
D She thinks there is more pressure on the participants
t{ posture, can make up 40-50% of the dancer's total score.
.1J
than in other sports.
tr Solo competition dresses often run to thousands of dottars
5 What is important about lrish dancing to the dancers
themselves? because of the intricatety embroidered designs which are unique
ro eách dress. The otder and more experienced a dancer is, the hear
A the honour of winning compet¡tions
her make-up and the more etaborate her dress. Dresses, shoes
B their beautifully designed costumes
make-up are atlmarks of status.
C working hard and making good friends
Dancers begin preparing for competitions up to a week in
D the fact that they are representing their country
advance by apptying fake tan to their tegs. Then, for almost an
6 What do people appreciate most about dance
rs dfld a half before performing, they perfect themsetves - applying
competitions?
make-up, attaching wigs, and gtuing their socks to their legs to
A the uniqueness of the dancers' costumes
prevent them from falting down. lt seems incredibte that the c
B the teamwork shown by groups of dancers
of hours a dancer spends preparing for a competition are atmost
C the fact that the dancers look beautiful
equalin points to the months, or even years, that she spends
D the fact that the pedormers are talented athletes zo perfecting and memorizing compticated steps.

ln competition, dancers wittperform different steps in a line of

a dozen or more dancers. A judge wiltwatch severaldancers at
once, but if the judge perceives a singte imperfection in the
appearance or in her performance, he wittmove on to watch a
zs better dancer. lf a dancer cannot catch and hotd the attention of
the judge, she has no chance of winning a medalor even a ptace.

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 Writiñg Part 1

1 The paragraphs of this sample essay are not in the correct order. Read the essay and
put the five paragraphs in the correct order. Do not try to choose the correct words yet.
E lt is clear that for some of these people, such experiments with appearance are
successful; (a) but / however things can go seriously wrong. Unfortunately, (b) this /
such can cause great unhappiness and can even ruin people's lives.
tr lt seems that the majority of operations are on people (c) who / which are
simply unhappy with the way they look. They believe that altering their physical
appearance will increase their confidence or make them more attractive to other
people. They hope surgery will make it easier for them to make friends or to get a
good job.

E tOl They / There have been many recent reports about cosmetic surgery operations
that have gone wrong. When I heard about these, I wondered why so many people
choose to have these oPerations.
I t"l To / tn conclude, I would suggest that everyone considering cosmetic surgery
should first receive honest medical advice and be warned about the risks involved.
I fO ft / There is no doubt that some cosmetic operations are necessary for medical
or psychological reasons, (É) by / for example for patients who have been involved
in serious accidents. (h) However / But, it is clear from the number of operations
conducted every year that most 'patients' are not in (i) this / the category.

.1:
2 Now choose the correct words in italics in a-i above.
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Reading and Use of Engtish Part 1
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C t For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
ro
l- each g!ap. There is an example at the beginn¡ng (O).
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o_
o- Tweetie de Leon-Gonzalez lOl broke into the competitive world of modelling at the
(]
agoóf l+ n* ttl notice, but she was not easily (r) from gett:ng'
ers ,
''her eduea$ofi. $he accepted modelling projects brrt made t3l . , thesews're only'l
F{

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at weekends. With a discipline that would make any parent proud, this hard-working
student finished high school and then (41 a university degree in philosophy.
.

, After graduating, Tweetie went job-hunting, but nrodelling

pro1ects continued to . 'r,,':r

{§} ..-------- her way. until her days were all booked up. lt was o'nly after rt-:- ü'
(ü} '

corfipet1ion that she deeided to take {7} ------,.*-- modelling as a profession. As wellas '
l

earning the respect of other models, she established solid friendships throughout her
career. Yet at the height of her popularity, she turned her back on the glamour of the
fashion world because she was findlng modelling less and rcsált*l- ,
She said it

was beginning to feel more like work than enjoyment.

OA threw B started q@ D launched

1A took B got C made D Saw
2A disturbed B distracted C interested D interrupted
3A definite B careful C clear D sure
4A awarded B held C won D earned
5A come B find cgo D make
6A taking B gaining C winning D going
7A on Bto cup Din
8A rewarding B popular C agreeable D entertaining
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 Reading and Use of Engtish Partz
1 You are gloins to read a newspaper article about a child genius. For questions 1-1O,
choose from the sections (A-D).The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which paragraph
says that the writer found it hard to establish rules? ffi
suggests that the writer controlled how Leo spent his leisure time? ffi
describes an incident which shocked the writer? ffi
gives an example of Leo's inventiveness?
states that the writer believed some people thought he wasn't strict enough
ffi
with Leo? ffi
refers to Leo's enquiring mind? ffi
gives examples of Leo's stubbornness? ffi
states that the writer finds parenting Leo difficult but worthwhile? ffi
suggests that the writer is confident that Leo will succeed in life? ffi
says that finding the risht environment for Leo was key to his development? ffi
a
+J
C
0)
ro
+, A c
r My 11-year"old son Leo is a flnalist in Channel 4's 'Child Genius' There are of course other downsides to having a very bright child.
§¡
competition, For me, it caps a decade spent learning how to Not least of these is dealing with the education system, I've seen
#
raise a child whose intellect and independence of spirit simply :o state schools that are content to be of average standard, and
aren't ordinary. lt has been rewarding, but it hasn't always expensive private schools with equally average teachers that
¡ been easy. I was struck by Leo's curiosity and independence don't make allowances for students who have different needs,
of thought almost as soon as he could speak. When I told little which I find alarming, I will never forget the ignorant teacher
Leo something, he would hungrily analyze it and respond with a who, in my hearing, patronized my six-year-old when he referred
penetrating question, He learned to play Monopoly at four and m to Shakespeare as a poet. 'He wrote prose,' she snapped.
was soon beating me; at six, he had read the Odyssey. He would Eventually, we found the right school for him, His frustration has
ro do jigsaw puzzles without the pictures - because it was more gone, he has matured, he has strong friendships, and his grades
challenging, ln fact, for every game he played, he would make up are mainly 'A's. At last, he's just an intelligent, appropriately
new rules, ones that would make the games harder. siimulated child, and achieving his potential.

B D
Leo's lQ was tested on his 11th birthday, lt scored him in the top +c 'Child Genius' has very much cast me in the role of the pushy
0,01 per cent of his age group. So yes, he is bright, I think I only parent, but I would argue that I have simply been discriminating.
rs f ully admitted that to myself after I saw those results. Not having Leo has seen little live television in his life; instead, good stuff
other children, I had no real way of measuring Leo's intelligence, on DVDs and as many books as he has wanted. At six, he was
And, also, I have to admit that part of me just wanted a standard reading versions of the classics written for ieenagers, and last
kid. Every parent wants their child to socialize well and make +s w€ek we watche d Coriolanus together, Shakesp.ár*', language

f riends, not to be a genius and potentially difficult, Discipline was
:* challenging. Explaining to Leo that he needed to sit in a given
place, eat a given meal, foltow a given routine, he would invariabty
ask, 'Why?'. And, often, he'd ref use, By the time he was four, it
was sometimes hard to tell if he was wildly creative, or merely
was not a barrier for him, This September, Leo goes to a highly
academic secondary schoo{, and he plans to go to university,
He's strong in maths and English, and a keen actor, What will he
become, I wonder: a barrister, a doctor, a journalist? I tell him he
sü can be anything he wants to be, and I believe it. The programme

wild, tfelt isolated, because many parents and teachers assumed has conflrmed my belief that raising a really bright child is a task
ei; that Leo was atlowed to do just as he liked. The opposite was true. society neither really understands nor supports,
We worked daily to impose routines. But Leo was reluctant to go
along with anything just because he was asked to.
 II
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 4 Complete these sentences with can, be able to, mana$e or
Grammar succeed in an appropriate form. You may need to use the
can, be able to, manaÉle, succeed negat¡ve.

1 Choose the correct alternative in italícs in these sentences. a That's as fast as I can run. I run any faster
ln which two sentences are both options correct? even if I tried.

a How long could you / have you been able to drive? b Despite setting ofl late, Karen to catch the
train.
b I can't / 'm not able to understand a word he's saying,
can you? c Even if the fire fighters had arrived sooner, they
saved the building.
c The teacher told me he couldn't / didn't mana§e to -
correct my essay because he couldn't read / didn't d I'd like to play a musical instrument.

succeed in reading mY writing. e He play tennis since he hurt his back.

d Has your brother managed to / been able to find a job? f The high jumper finally in clearing the bar
e I could / was able to beat you at chess any day of the week. on his third attempt.

f A tall man stood in front of me at the concert, so I

-
couldn't / wasn't able to see a thing. -
g I can't / 'm not able to believe it. I got an 'A' in maths!
h Fortunately, they could / were able to rescue the children
from the burning building.
2 Complete these questions with an appropriate form of can or
be able to. In which sentences are both forms correct?
a come to my party on Saturday, or have you
made other plans? (you)

b speak Spanish before you went to live in

@ Spain? (you)
+J
C
o c ever do everything people do,
fo
+J
-- -_--
do you think? (robots)
§¡ d get the sofa in if we took the door off? (we)
.tc e find out Richard's new phone number yet?
(David)
f My jeans are torn. repair them? (you)
g picked us up if we'd asked you sooner? (you)

3 Complete these sentences with the correct form of can. lf it

is not possible to use can, use the correct form of be able to.
You may need to use the negat¡ve.
a When you give your speech at tomorrow's conference,
nobody understand you unless you speak
more clearly.
b I'm afraid I go to the party. I was busy on
Saturday.
c Janet read before she was three years old.
I think that's amazingl
d They - eat any more. They were full.
e Despite the delay, the passengers $et their
connecting flights.
f I -- tell Darren yet, but I will as soon as I see
him. -
Sara walk for a long time after the
accident. She had to use a wheelchair.
When the chip pan caught fire, John _=- put the
fire out with a wet cloth.
-

t2
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 Listening Part2
f t) 1.2 You will hear a journalist called Richard Prior talking about the time he met the
autistic savant Daniel Tammet. For questions 1-1O, complete the sentences with a word
or short phrase.

a
+,
C
q
(U
+J Daniel works from home because he would find being
(\¡
l:
E

Vocabutary
Comparaflve and superlatlve 1 Complete these sentences with the comparatlve or superlatlve form of an appropriate
adjectlvos and adverbs adject¡ye or adverb from thls list. You can use one of the words twice.

J
good heaw high superst¡t¡ous I

a She's the person l've ever met. This morn¡ng, on the way to college,
she refused to walk under a ladder.
b l\4y su¡tcase ¡s than yours. I can hardly lift mine.
c That's the car we've looked at so far. We couldn't possibly afford to
buy ¡t. -
d I can see much now that I've cleaned my glasses.
e I'm - than I was th¡s t¡me last year - I must go on a diet'

f Women drive - than men - that's why they have fewer accidents.
g There's no doubt that she§ the student in the class. She always gets
the -marks ¡n tests.
h He's- a brilliant maths teacher. He expla¡ns things much than any
-
teacher l've ever had.
¡ I hope the weather doesn't get - - we're going on holiday on Saturday.
j That was the film I've seen ¡n a long t¡me - lthought it was even
than this year's Oscar winner' -
-
L4
-
 9I
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o}peqnoÁs7uewncopaq]pueso1ot/d/sqdelFo¡oqd,@o
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noÁ le c
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Tsnf no¡ / eU¡¡ ÁtdwtS' q
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olr^pv:¡cefqng
uLlof :oI
I
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alrnb sdeqred Áddeq uell] olotx pulLU rno,i
dn aleu sd¡eq slql adoq
'lsll slrl¡ ruorl sasetqd pue spro/r^ letu¡olu! elepdoldde
e¡otu rlUm (d-e) seserqd pue spro/r^ peulpepun eq¡ ece¡dag '¡tods /neu e dn Fu!>lel
lnoqe ac!^pe ro¡ Fu¡¡se euoeuos o¡ asuodsal u! uallp/n set LlclLl/r^'¡¡eue slql peeg T
l¡eua / rallat - zted 8ul1u¡¡
 Vocabutary
Phrasal verbs with §íve t Replace the verbs in italics in these sentences with the correct form of §ive and one of
these words.
".--*--*:

i3y9l- *9?-.[- r---gY! YP i

a When are you going lo return the CD you borrowed from me last year?
b At the beginning of the exam, the teacher distributed the question papers.
c I've tried not to play so many video games, but I'm hooked - I just can't stop doing it.
d They are lett¡ngyou have a T-shirt free with every CD you buy.
e My little brother realized he wasn't going to win the game, so he admitted defeat.

Grammar
Habitual actions 1, ln each of these sets of three sentences, two sentences have a similar meaning and
one has a different meanin§. Put a cross (/0 next to the sentence with a different
meaning.
C
.9
a
a L l always used to walk to school.
f
o_
2 I would always walk to school.
E 3 l've always walked to school.
o
(J
b 1" I used to get up early.
(Y) 2 I am used to getting up early.
.1J
3 I am accustomed to getting up early.
c 1, I usually check my emails before I get up.
2 Normally, l'd check my emails before I got up.
3 Normally, l'll check my emails before I get up.
2 Choose the correct words in italics to complete these sentences.
a I lived in Africa for nearly five years, but I never got used to / was never used to
the heat.
b I sot used to smoking / used to smoke, but I gave up nearly three years ago.
c Even though they are only three years old, the twins are used to getting dressed /
used to get dressed themselves.
d People from other countries get used to drivin§ / are used to driving on the left quite
quickly when they come to Britain.
e Where did you use to live / were you used to livin§ before you moved to New York?

16
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]uarnc s,etBBe6¡ soqpcsap ]soq esaq] Jo tic!tl¡¡ T
'(c ¡o I 'v)
,o/nsue lsaq oql asoot.lc'¿-T suollsenb tol 'uollclppe
FullqueF lnoqe Fu¡¡¡e¡ s! oLl/r^'suoÁ1 elFFehl pellec
ueruo/r^ e ql!/n /no!^¡olu! o!pe, e ¡o ¡ted ,eeq lll^ no E"T (} I
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 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 6
1 You are going to read a magfazine article which explains some of the reasons why
people collect things. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from
the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which
you do not need to use.

r People have been collecting things for centuries. Their

collections range from rare baseball cards worth thousands
of dollars to beautiful, brightly-coloured orientaljewels that
glisten in display cases, showing their owner's wealth. ffi
r Even with a valuable collection, it isn't often that a collector
sells up and claims the money. Why, then, would someone
put so much time and effort into amassing a valuable
collection?
Kim Herzinger, an English professor and an avid collector,
Terry Shoptaugh, from Minnesota State University
:* provides yet another explanation for our obsession with
r* Moorhead, can shine some light on why people collect. ln
collecting. Herzinger says: 'Collecting is a way of dealing
an article, he offers the idea that collecting is based on a
with a feeling of incompleteness that many people feel
C need to inspire recollection.ml'We use keepsakes to
.9 in childhood.'He adds, however, that collecting is also a
a stimulate memory especially to trigger happy memories,'
f passion. ffi Herzinger also believes that it's important for
o_ Shoptaugh writes. 'But even if memory cannot be relied
E :s collectors to maintain a sense of control over their collection.
o i5 upon to faithfully reproduce the past, it remains vitalto our
O
understanding of the past.'This may explain why people
ffil-lfo avoid this, the collector narrows the field from
(Y) baseball cards to, for example, the NewYorkYankees cards.
IJ collect unattractive, old war memorabilia in an effort to
c
remember the romantic aspects of war while not forgetting Herzinger admits that while the collection brings much joy
the true horror of such times. to the collector, there will always be disappointment.'l once
+* had a very good friend, a record collector, who was showing
ac Anthropologist Marjorie Akin is also an expert on collecting.
me around his collection of valuable American jazz records.
She shares Shoptaugh's idea that people collect for a
ffi Many people feelthey have a special bond with their
connection to the past and memories. She writes: 'Objects
collection and can't help feeling frustrated if no one else
can connect the collector to the historic, valued past.'Akin
seems to appreciate it as much as they do.'
also gives four other reasons why people collect. The first
:* is to satisfli a sense of personal order and beauty. Some +* A simpler explanation for the popularity of collecting as a
collect to please personaltastes. ffiJ-lnnother reason is the hobby is suggested by Kurt Kuersteiner, who says, 'l believe
collector's need for completeness. Akin says she has seen the main reason people collect things is a basic interest in the
people cry out with relief once their collection is complete. topic.'Can it really be that simpleT

After showing me his favourite items, he became silent, apparently disappointed

with my lack of response.
B And, like most similar obsessions, it lets you live in another world for a while.
c Despite this, she believes that some people collect for money and profit.
D However, more collections consist of oddities that have nothing more than
sentimental value for the collector.
E ln other words, people collect in an effort to remember and relive the past.
F Others collect items that are weird or unusual to show their individualism.
G To collect every baseball card would be impossible, leaving the collector with a
feeling of always being overwhelmed.

18

d
§
&
*
 t+ #
:§Éf:
,"i'ii r
*: i* &
(Aull / asauede[
/ nau puerq) 'erorueo le]!E!p e Jlas/iLU lUBnoq ]snI oA,l e
(erenbs / e?tel / e¡q¡n pue lcetq)
'sLlderBoloLld Jo llnl Se/v\ UolllqlLlxa oLl] Jo l.Uooj eUO p
(¡nlr1neaq / urapour / Wl)'Futpllnq ocuJo eurlroMl c
(¡ensnun / uopoc
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c
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a.
f / plo / ueuoS) 'unesnur oq] ul sonlels lelaAOS /v\es OM e
o_
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(f)
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tr
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" u0!u!d0)
(uúuo + rrtolol + uotuldo)
s¡enol¡oluelro perno¡ot-l'yqiytq 'f{!+n"aq 0+ s?rz? lpqlsDq a04 e6uw sul!+?allz? "'
ropro lce¡roc eqt u! slelcerq ur senr¡ceflpe sunou Io luoJt u!
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ortl r.ll!/r^ elqet eql elatduoc 'lxet Bu¡pear eql uorl sunou pue sqre^ suleluoc elqel slr.ll T uolleu¡o¡ p¡ofn
Áre¡nqero¡
 r
Reading and Use of Engtish Part2
L For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginn¡ng (O).

their authors, btoggers, (1) own voice on the internet. lt's a ptace {2} *.-
ordinary peopte can share interests - whether through a pol.itical commentary, a ,

-
persona[diary,(3}-atistoftinkstofavouritewebsites.
"r$ra6onat'ai t+i ii, ,'..' as a,ma '¡ou na,[i ,often use blogs to publish breaking
,

c
o
,a
Vocabutary
f
o_
E Adverbs L List these adverbs under the correct headin$s.
* .-
o
(J
i d*ááloü§iv-*-Aáiíü'.teü* ;'pé;,rilv
(Y) j "oi"iütery*;i*ñ*;;*ÜéÜt-
even hard interestingly luckily occasionally only rarely sensitively
.11 i sometimes surprisingly totally unfortunately very
c,
Adverbs of manner
Comment adverbs:
Focusing adverbs:
Frequency adverbs:
Adverbs of degree:
-
Rewrite these sentences using an appropriate adverb from the list in 1 in the correct
position. Sometimes more than one adverb can be used.
a I only caught my train because it was a few minutes late - that was luci<y.

b I §o to the theatre from time to time if there's something Sood on.

My brother was stopped by the police because he wasn't driving safely.

d I hate long road journeys. I hate them most in the winter when the roads are icy.

e My sister passed her driving test first time. That surprised everyone.

f When I was foul I broke my brother's favourite toy. lt was not an accident.

g That was a terrible fire. The house was destroyed - there's nothing left of it.

20
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roJ pools
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'culeJl o] ]l pasolc ,{eq¡ ajoJaq }aar}s ureu aq} Joqruouor I e
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a.
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o_
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o
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(Y)
saull lsJll
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= ulseld sr MoJJotuol C
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ot.l] ?
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Eur.ree¡n e¡r¡ noÁ salllolc z
----T srea¡{ o^u }sel aq} ul u¡no} Áru o} seFueqc tr
eu!l lsr!l all!I s¡ca[qng
'e¡duexe ue se auop s! euo lsr[ eLlI 'r.l-e ,saull lsr!¡, eq] Jo euo esoot.lc ueqt
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ol3rtrv - zted 8ut1tr¡¡
 Listening Part 3
f {} J-.4 You witl hear five short extracts in which women are talkin§ about their
relationships with their brothers. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what
speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not
need to use.

orüLy oNE c&FD A Her brother had more freedom than she did.
B She never sees him because he's studying away from
To Go: home.
c Her parents preferred her to her brother.
Speaker 1 ffi
D She became good friends with her brother in her teens.
Speaker 2 ffi
E She doesn't keep in touch with her brother because he
lives abroad.
Speaker 3 ffi
She doesn't make the effort to see her brother
Speaker 4 ffi
nowadays. Speaker 5 ffi
She used to like her brother but doesn't now.
H When she was younger, she was proud of having an
older brother.
a
o
o
t-

t Vocabu[ary
.tc
@ enrasal verbs with píck L Replace the words in ítalics in these sentences with the correct form of pick and one
these words. You need to use one of the words three times.

iat on out upi

a Our plane landed at 4 a.m., so my brother came to collect us in his car.
b He's such a bully - he always treats younger or weaker people unfairly.
c I've got a terrible cold. I probably caught it at the swimming pool.
d You can tell when she's worried - she just eats little bits of her food.
e She's easyto spot in a crowd - she's verytall, and she's got long black hair.
f I learned French when I lived in Paris.
have and take 2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of have or take.
a Do you know what time the ceremony place this afternoon?
b We don't want to children until we're in our late twenties.
c Maria is thinking of a nursing course next year.
d Their children are old enough to care of themselves.
eldon,twantto-anargumentaboutthis'Weneedtodecide.
f I'd like to visit the-gallery, but unfortunately we enough time.
-
-

22

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'e¡duexe ue se auop sr euo tsr¡¡ eql'Á,resseceu eJnul aql
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'ruro¡ arnln¡ lceJroc eq¡ asn socualues esaLll lo euos Z JeluLUeJe
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 5
1 You are §oin§ to read an article about a computer scientist.
For questions 1-6, choose the answer (4, B, C or D) which
you think fits best accordin§ to the text.
L How is Wendy Hall different from many other computer
scientists?
A She is fascinated by the technical details of
computing.
B She is not as creative as the majority of her
colleagues.
C She is not interested in talking about the technicalities
of computers.
D She is less well qualified than many of her colleagues.
Why was Wendy Hall first attracted to computer science?
A She was interested in computer programming.
B She saw the future potential for the use of computers.
C She became addicted to playing computer games.
D She enjoyed using her own personal computer.
What was the purpose of the first software designed by
Wendy Hall?
A lt helped upload texts on to computers.
B lt made information available electronically.
a C lt enabled teachers to produce educational videos.
0¿
o D lt helped other teachers she worked with.
4 What were Wendy Hall's feelings when she first became a
If university lecturer?
..rJ
tr A She felt out of place as a woman in a man's world.
B She couldn't use the same specialist language as her
colleagues.
r Although Wendy Hall is an internationally-renowned computer
C She didn't know the answers to questions she was
asked. scientist, there is nothing geeky about her. ln fact, this
gregarious woman with a warm laugh is among the best and
D She was worried because her colleagues were better
qualified than her. brightest. As well as heading the University of Southampton's
How did other researchers react to what Hall proposed? s Electronics and Computer Science department, Hall works
A They considered her ideas to be an important closely with Tim Berners-Lee, the 'father of the Web'. So why
breakthrough. did a woman who is indifferent to writing computer code or
B They suggested improvements to her basic ideas. discussing processor speed choose a career in lT, a field with
C They didn't understand the importance of her ideas. a reputation for being dominated by geeky men?
D They said her ideas were not important for computer
rs Hall's work with computers began in the early 1980s, long
science in general.
before the Web existed and when personal computers were
How was Tim Berners-Lee's system different from Hall's?
a novelty. 'Allyou could do with PCs in those days was learn
A His system depended on access to the internet.
programming or play games,' she says, Like many women at
B His system applied only to individual computers.
that time, Hall avoided such activities: she was more interested
C His system could not be used on individual computers.
rs in pure mathematics. Her ability to appreciate abstract ideas
D His system did not require a computer hard drive.
is what then drew her to explore the growing field of computer
science. She taught herself to program, but it was the thought
of how computing could change people§ lives that fascinated
her. 'l could see what was possible,' she says.

24
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i "... .:. i) | ul Duglplcads;e.lnice¡Á¡ueruun p oLUBOoq oqs ?861 ul
'ueetrqtra ¡o,{op tilrl¡m eno¡'ú¡ [¡e¡ ¡ 'uealxts sem I uot]M e
,*¿A¡¡Bcruor1cola alqelpAe sem sltll ¡¡e ¡¡ Du¡zeue
CIq ¡! ],uplno¡¡,, :1q§noqt I 'saryluenb e6m¡ u¡srcpduoc -.:
oluo soopn pue slueurnoop Ha+ §u$o0 u! polsa;elul sem
uq tnq\ot7n t§, U1rfo,ry l'¡pno¡ pexpt rorn+?el eql
l, :pll/vl0u¡uun.r sem uolleu¡0eu¡Jat{ }nq 'pCIIJoM oq§ oJtq^
1 " ry.pe1uou +e6 o+ c¡inoue p¡o et,l'eq¡ afia¡¡oo sri¡ 1.8 l"{peo} §an6rqloc rcq d¡eq o} orB¡AUos e¡du¡s
lllnq aqs 'uollmnpo ro+ sofillq¡ssod ornln] Inoqe 0uHulr.{l
0o+ sslrp o+ paeu ou s,?req+ - I'ltpd pepn+s o pnls,l¡
'tulrp 0+ 0u to{ +ot¡ 001 s! ea[ot s1t¡¡
'pooF ro pe/v\olle fressecau s! ueql eJolll = oo¡
qflnoue pue oot
JeLULUer9
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part4
1, For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meanins to
the first sentence, using the word g¡ven. Do not changle the word g¡ven. You must use
between two and five words, includin§ the word given. Here is an example (O).
EXAMPLE

O Jason adds up fisures well for someone his age.

GOOD
Jason is good at adding up figures for someone his age.
1 We were in too much of a hurry to eat before we left.
TIME
We to eat before we left.
2 lt is certain that she will pass her music exam.
BOUND
She her music exam.
3 I am meeting my tutor at 2 o'clock this afternoon.
ARRANGED
with my tutor at 2 o'clock this afternoon.
Many countries have introduced a new law to ban smoking in public places.
BROUGHT
ln many countries, a new law to ban smoking in public
places.

a 5 lt's improbable that we'll ever go there again.

q)
o UNL¡KELY
L
We there again.
t
.t Dan learned Russian when he lived with a family in Moscow. He didn't study it formally.

-t
PICK
Dan didn't study Russian formally. He living with a family
in Moscow.

Vocabutary
Personality adjectives L Match the follow¡ng adjectives with their definitions. An example is given.
*.reáfiré -ánáiá"iiC
oráve cáring ór,eé.rul entñrriá;iñ fa"

A person who...
a has had a good education. well-educated
b is always lively and doesn't tire easily.
c is original, artistic and imaginative.
d is calm and does not get annoyed or frustrated.
e is helpful and sympathetic to other people.
f is not afraid of dangerous situations.
g is friendly and enjoys being with other people.
h treats everyone equally.
i is efficient and good at making and carrying out plans.
j is healthy and in good physical condition.
k is interested in and excited about something.
I is the opposite of lazy.
m is always happy and optimistic.
26
 LZ
'Ful>1rom dols ,ierll uaLUv\ s¡¡e¡ Eurnr¡ Jo prepuels lot,l] ]eql sueoLU sltll 9
']sed eq]
ut ueql reBuo¡ Furnr¡ ere e¡doed se suorsued uo Eu¡pueds acnpo; o1,{¡uteu s! s!L{I I
'soseostp lsuleBe lUE4 ¡nlsseccns aL{} o} ,{¡eile¡ onp sl slL.lI n
'uarpllL]c pue sa^l/v\ llot,l] JoJ eptnold ol a^eLl os¡e ,{eq1 t
'a^rosop a¡doed plo ]eq] Eultllauos sl slLl] matn Áu u¡ c
'sa¡qeleFen pue ltnlJ alotu Fullee ele e¡doed 'acuelsul ro¡ T
'
"ü :i?,;Hff :ffi ;;ff;: JT:il', l::i:ffi : :::ffifi j
(uor¡euro,rul euolllppv)
I
'sluered Á¡rep¡a laql roge Eur¡oo¡ roj alqlsuodser are suos ]soplo 'sorn]lnc euos ul p
(uoseag) 'aBe ]ueuaJtlor aU] Fulsler ore sluauu.lenoB auos c
(e¡dueq) 'sÁe¡n,{ueut ut peno;dutl a^eq s}olp s,a¡doe¿ q
(uorleue¡dxl) 'lsed aLl] u! p!p ,iaLl] ueql reBuol Fulnll ete e¡doed leql ]ce} e s! ]l e
'slelcerq u! uen¡F Áem eq¡
u! (J-e) secueluas c¡do¡ eql to qcee s^ ollot r,.lclr{/r^
g-T acuatues Ful}roddns oq} asoot{C
'1¡eslno,{ to¡ Fu t¡toivt
pue re,{o¡due ue rol Eu¡¡ronn ¡o safie}uenpeslp pue sefie}ue^pe are oroLll V
'Fu¡nr¡ e oIe¡|.l o] SrnoLl Fuol ,ilen llo/v\ o] a^ell ,ieru ,iaql lo 'seBem relnFel EulUeF
JO OlnS Aq ]OUUeC ,{eq1 'Son¡ASUJOL]} IOJ IrO/v\ Oqrvr a¡dOed ro1 sy
-
'osro/v\ laB
'ieu
suotltpuoc Fu¡¡rorvr lnoÁ lo qol tnoÁ aso¡ Áetr noÁ laÁo¡due ue lo] Ilo/v\ no,{ ,t¡ g
'IloM ,ieu¡] ueqm optcop o1,{1r¡rqrxep pue uopoer} orotu uaq} senlF uot}en}ls sltl}
pu[ pa,ioldua-1¡es are or.lm a¡doed Áue6¡ ']uo!lc ouo ueLl] arout JoJ stseq acuelool]
a
(¿ e uo Ful>ltom io ssautsnq uA o ror.ll Euluels ere ,{eq1 ueou ,ietu stql ¿
o
l- 's,{ept¡oq p¡ed pue s;nol1
§ Eu¡¡ror,n a¡qeldacce o^eLl Áeqt let,ll sueou Á¡¡ensn slLll 'prepuels qllq e Jo suolllpuoc
.tc Eulxlonn aneLl pue Á¡te¡nFet p¡ed ale SJo)4Jo/v\ 'leÁo¡due poofl e aneLl ,iaql Jl T.
'sonlesuall] JoJ IroM o] Fulsool.lc /v\ou ere e¡doad ¡o tequnu Bu¡see;cut ue )enemog
- J
'umo Jtorl] Jo sossautsnq lnlssaccns Áran peuels aneq I eldoed Áue6¡ e
^AouI
'uotlsenb slLl] o] raMSUe Jealc ou sr aroL,l] ]eq] sl uotu¡do umo ,{ul 'dn uns o1 p
,i>4sl.r oo] eq plno/v\ pe,io¡dule-Jlas Euleq'a¡doad Áuetu ro¡ c
:ra,{o¡due ue lo¡ ),Uo^ sqof aneq oqrvr e¡doed ]sotu ',{l}ueun3 q
'suotlenlts ]uau,{oldrla Ll}oq o} seBe}ue^pesrp eJe aroll}'Á¡e1eun¡o¡u¡ e
'secualues et{} lo o/r^l esn o} poau lou op no¡'qderFered qcee e}elduoc ot
(¡-e) ecualues cldol lcorroc oql asooqg ,¿reÁo¡due ue rol Jo ¡¡eslnoÁ ,ol IJo^ ol lalteq
l! st, uollsenb eq¡ ol ra^,\sue e¡dues e tuo¡l uelel o¡e qcllyt^'7-tr sqdetBercd peeg
\i.,.i[¡ {d,$ af ;,i"{.$,6ta4+
§+,r
[Í' ,
io, r'
,f'li,
¡r ll
r lred 8ur1u¡¡
 Vocabutary

o
l-

q=
(=)
E 1
C
(o
@ Travet Complete these sentences with the appropriate word from this list.

o i .to.:-il{ _ *gryl:e* _ g}g,i:l9t__i_o_Tlg"y lg_yl _ttp _ _y_oJ?_q_"__

(o
l-
+J a lf you live in the south of England, it's easy to go on a day to France.
¡f) b Have you ever been on a gu¡ded of Westminster Abbey?
.ü
C
c Do you know, my to work took over an hour this morning.
d The price of the holiday includes a full-day to a place of cultural
interest.
e The ferry -
was cancelled because of rough seas.
f Last year, we went- on a around the Mediterranean. The ship was very
luxurious.
g The Titanic sank on its first transatlantic to New York.
2 Choose the correct alternative in italics in these sentences.
-
a We made / d¡d a lot of si§htseeing when we were in Athens.
b The campsite / camping was very crowded, so we had to install / put up our tent
close to the exit.
c The plane set down / landed on time.
d Once the passengers had got in / boarded the plane, the cabin staff / crew asked
them to fasten / close their seat belts.
e Next year, we're going on a cheap packase / charter holiday to Portugal.
f lf you lose / miss the train, you'll just have to wait for the next one.
g The bus / coach trip to Bruges was fully booked / reserved.
h On the cruise, when we stopped at the major ports / harbours, most of the
passengers got out / disembarked.
I Did you make / take a lot of photos while you were away?
j It's much more interesting to drive on country ways / lanes than motorways.
k She bought the hand-carved elephant as a souvenir / memory of her safari holiday.

28
 6Z
'arnlua^pe ue seM ,iem srql Eu¡¡¡ener1 ¡1
'Fulllener] e¡doed Eu!]saralut oLuos ]aul I g
g roleads
ffi , raleads
'ureBe Áeal stql lo^el] plno/v\ |I
ffi t roleads
'acuar.radxa aq],{q peluroddesrp ,ilfqBlls se^ |l
[ffi z raYeods
'du] aq] Jro pua aL{} ,iq po}sneqxa sem IO
ffi T roYeods
'olqeuolruocun Fulllo^er] ¡o Áem slq] punot IC
tffi '¡n¡d¡eq ¡{.ran a.rem JJe}s aL,lI I
'pelcadxe ueql iaFuol tlcnu Xool,{aurno[aql V
'esn ol poou lou op noÁ qc¡qrn sreual erlxo aaJql a¡e o¡aql'ecuo Áluo s¡etle! eql asn
'sÁes ra¡eads qceo leLUrA (U-V) lsll eqt uorl asootlc'g-tr suo¡¡sanb rol 'uo ueaq o^eq
,(etll sÁau¡no[ ¡noqe Fulltel ere e¡doed qclq^^ u! s]cerlxe ]¡otls e^[ reaq ll!^ no^ g'T (] T
0) r lred SuluaJstl
t-
f,
I
L
=)
oc 'au uo
o ereds riue aneq ],uplp se,ieuou ¡{ue reBBeq eL{} oAlF o} alqe },use/v\ |
I
o
CU
'u^^op learq ,iaq1 ueqm sJec plo JoJ a.reds laB of ]lncuJlp s,]l
l-
+J
¿-
ro ereds rnoÁ ur Eu¡op e¡¡¡ noÁ op ]eL,l/v\'spuouJ r.llr^ ]no EuloB tror¡ yedy
{.,
c,
-
ereds aq] ul daa¡s uec no^ 'oruoc no,{ ueqm dn noÁ pd Á¡tsea uec aM c
.eln}cundeleEnoAesecul-eledseÑrccp|noLlSno^q
e.reds e peq Áeq1 se ouloc o] polue/v\ | Jr pelse pue
Jec lor.,ll FuUet arem Áaq1 'spuau} euos qltan d¡11,{ep e uo acuell o} }uo/v\ ¡ 'teaÁ 1se1 e
i-"JL -:gll - x1.-" lrrL-*:]l?"1*-9:y9!: i
'ls!l slr,ll ruorl pro/n e¡e¡rdordde oql qlr^ sacuoluos asaq¡ e¡e¡duo3 n ateds qil^ suolsserdx3 @
)ec aL,l] ¡red ¡ aroJoq leuruuo] aq] ]e noÁ ll,l V
'pueleoz
/v\aN o] Áem rno uo sÁep ¡o e¡dnoc e ro¡ Fuoy Fuo¡1 ul ol EuloE eJ,oM t
'alel s;noLl aolLl] eue¡d aL¡] pue 'pe,ie¡ep sem lqft¡1 eq1 o
-
o}uol}e}Sot]}o}}uo^^SpUal]Jpue,i¡tue¡.,,-,,,.on,n-,I}l*,,-,.*p
- 'eBuno¡ etnlredap
or.l] o] UBnorql luam pue e¡n'uodre oL{} }e penure e/v\ se uoos sV c
.tvtouÁqajaq}eqplnoqSÁeq1os.'LU.e8}eUodlleaq}lo¡-,(eq1q
¿-
eu pue ouoc no,i p¡no3 'Eulurotu fitee aq] ul Furnure sl ]tlElu ,{t e
- '"-"*".*^** ^*. :
i*:_i,di-i:d_"qe *g::":[_ffi 'tuJol ale!¡dordde
-ue u! lsll slrll ruoll q¡el ¡eserqd eleudo¡dde ue Lll!/rt secualuos asaqt e¡e¡dtuo3 e lelerl :sq¡ol leseJqd
 Complete this story with verbs from the list below. Use an
Grammar appropriate past tense and make any other changes that are
Past tenses necessary.
i-*
1 Choose the correct alternative in ítalics in these sentences. ia get in G*" ---p"k ,p--**"-"-*l
Jan was go¡ng/ went to live in ltaly in 2OLO. She hadn't iobegin get out make rain shake i

been in the country long before she got / was gett¡ng

I

id give notice reach try

married.
i^drive
i off have open realize wait i

'Didn't you finish / Haven't you finished your homework

yet, Alex? You haye been doing / have done it for ages.'
'l d¡d / have done most of it, but I'm stuck on the last bit.'
I know I said I'd phone you as soon as lsot / had got
back but I can't remember where I have been writins down /
wrote down your new number.
It's typical, isn't it? I had just put / just put shampoo on
my hair when the phone had rung / rang.l was thinking /
thought it might be important, so I have rushed / rushed
downstairs. Needless to say, it had stopped / has stopped
ringing before I was reaching / reached il.
e 'l'm terribly sorry, but I have forgotten / forgot your name.'
f Police said that the man they wanted to question had /
was having long hair and has been wearing / was wearing
a denim jacket and jeans. He was driving off / had driven
o
l- off in a stolen car.
f
t iulie has just covered / had just covered herself in suntan
f
(J lotion when the sun went / had Sone behind a large black One evening, a young woman (1) through
E cloud.
c
(()
lonely counmyside. It (2) heavilv and it
I was thinking / have thought of calling Sam and have just (3) to get dark. Suddenly, she (4)
0)
picked up / had just picked up my address book to look an old woman by the side of the road, holding her thumb out
ro
l-
+J up her number when the phone started / was start¡ng as if she wanted a lift. 'I can't leave her out in this rveather,' the
ringing. lt was herl -
ro young woman said to herself, - So she stopped the car and
.1J 'ls anything the matter?' (5) - the door. 'Do you want a lift?' she
tr 'No. I have peeled / have been peeling onions. Onions (6) . The old woman nodded and (7)
always make me cry.'
I was sitting / sat on the bus on my way to work when I
Asshe(8)-herselfcomfortable.theyoungwoman
realized I left/ had left something cooking on the stove. -- her, '(9)
asked you long?'

The- old woman (10) her head. 'You were lucky,

then,' the young woman commented, rvondering why the
old woman never spoke. She (11) again. 'Nasty
-
weather for the time of year,' she continued. The old woman
nodded in agreement.- No matter what the voung rvoman said,
the hitchhiker (12) no ans\\¡er except for a nod or
a shake of the head.

All of a sudden, the young woman (13) that her

passenger's hands were very large and hairv.
'With a shock she
(14)-thatthehitchhiker§,,aSn'tanoldwomanat
all but e man dressed up as an old woman. She braked suddenly.
'I can't window,' she explained.
see out of the rear
- ''W'ould you
mind cleaning it for me?' The hitchhiker nodded and opened
the car door. As soon as the hitchhiker (15) of the
car, the terrified woman (16) ar top speed.

\lhen she (17) the next village, she stopped. She

noticed that the hitchhiker (18) a handbag behind.
She (19) it and opened it. Inside the
bag was a gun. She (20) - a narrow escape!
30

-
 IT
qlnr] o ocuapl^e c ]ce] I ¡oord V 8
lelauoF o Áreurpro 3 leurou g uor.ur.uoc v L
le^oJdde o acue/v\Olle C lruu.red I uorssruu.lad Vg
pto^e o ssll.u c ssed g adecse V9
axeu o alqeuo c eBeueu I ]ol v?
alns o olqelr^aur c ureuac g olruuap vt
Á¡¡en1ce o sÁepemou C ,i¡luertnc g ,{¡uelueuou V e
Fulseercul o Eu¡do¡enep 3 Eu¡ster g Fulpeards V tr
pailu o llnJ I pe>,lced
Vo
@ryD
'peor eLl] ssortr o1 ueq] ÁB ol reles sr ]r }eq1
(g) ue / e sureurar lllls t! '- (¿) erou pue oroLu 6ururoceq st ]uoPrf,ur +o Uos srqf q6noqf¡y
'slq6l[ 6ururocu¡ req]o o] onp puel ot (9) penrecet 1o¡rd
or.l] ololeq solnutul Á¡rqt lor.lunj e seM 1r 'ronennoq 'r{¡6ursudrns leqnneLuos 'lo}sestp olqtlJo} e uooq
a^eq plnotr leqM (S) of uurq
ped¡eq of,uorradxe pue ssauurlef, srH 'lenl s,eue¡d aL1] +o ]soLU
dorp otr q6noue 116rq +e6 o] urlr.1 (t) or peeds lln+ uo seur6ue roqlo eql lnd 1o¡rd eq1 'jlo-e)e]
rorye 1snI pe¡re1 peq seur6ue rno] s,eue¡d oq] ]o ouO ' (g) senn qsert e lri6noq+ euo,{rene 1eq}
sesnoq ,{qteeu .la^o Mol os MeB 1e[ oqrunl. e erel]M ]uopr)ur ]uaf,or e 6urÁpn1s (¿l erc slelll]]O
(¡) sr
- sluepllul snote6uep
0)
¡- orour pue oroLu le6 suodre s,plroM oq] punore sor)s ot{} sV
f
!
f
(J
E
C
((l
0)
(o
t-
+J
ro
.1J
tr
'(O) Fuluulleq eq¡ le alduexe ue s! oreql'deF qcee
qU lsaq (O ro C'g 'V) /a/nsue qclLl,l aptcep pue oleq lxal eql peal 'g-tr suollsenb ¡oJ T
^
r tred L,lstl8ul Jo asn pue Eulpeau
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 6
1 You are soing to read a newspaper article about a future expedition to the planet Mars.
Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the
one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to
use.
A They are looking for applicants who are healthy, smart enough to learn new skills
and able to function in a small group.
B The viewing fisures and income they brought in were also influential.
C One would have to agree with their reaction, given that the privately-financed plan
does not involve a return journey.
D Applications had been expected to be around the one million mark, however.
E The pioneers will also face lethal hazards such as high doses of cosmic radiation
and potentially toxic Martian dust.
F This is the number of people who have so far offered to join an ambitious private
mission to send a group of four men and women to Mars in 2023.
G And the final total could rise even higher before the deadline for applications is
reached.

Mars. ffi The quatity of the appticants is very high, according

to Bas Lansdorp, the Dutch entrepreneur who dreamed up the
scheme tast year.
o
t-

!
f, Lansdorp's plan is to create a media event which is 'exciting,
f aa inspiring and beautiful just tike the Otympic Games. which
L)
!
c
o
gave him his idea. ffi The estimated f4bn cost of the Mars
mission witt be met by tetevision rights and other kinds of
o
ro media sponsorship, and atthough Big Brother creatol Pau[
l-
+J Romer, is one of those sittíng on the Mars One board, the event
u) :s wi[[ not be a TV reatity show.
.1J
C A selection committee wil.t begin to sort the appticants in the
I I .

coming weeks, and shorttists witl be drawn up in the coming

-l

year. ffif*l Nearl.y a quarter of the appticants Live in the United

r A,o,ne-way ticket to another ptanet where there is no air no
, wat€f or food * and certainty no return home - may not sound
tlt<e a lot of fun. hlowever, to the 165,000 appticants, the
'ü$portunity
to live permanently on Mars has been too tempting
i io l ffi They wil.t be the first intrepid pioneers for a
permanent space cotony on the Red Planet.
The organizers of the Mars One mission said they were surprised
by horv rnany peopte ha offered to become the first astrCInauts
to tand and tive on Mars. m This is not because it woutd be +o from the Martian soil by robotic exptorers before the astronauts
io impossibte, but because of the technica[ difficul.ty and cost of
fuel.l,ing the trip home.
Each appl.icant has had to pay on average $25, depending on
their country to cover the administrative fees of the selection
process. Neverthel.ess, even this smatt financiat penatty has
rs faited to dissuade the tens of thousands who dream of going to
States. The space nations of China, Brazit, lndia and Russia
so corTt€ next on the ti§t of the 140 countries where the appticants
live. Britaiil comes in 6th ptace with about 7.m. The pLan is
to buitd teams of four peopte, each from a different continent,
who wiLt live and train together for seven years before the first
manned taunch in l}2l,arriving the fol.l.owing year.
tiving modutes wi[[ be sent
rs Rockets carrying cargo, food and
to Mars a few years in advance of the manned tanding. A
further crew of four peopLe wiLl arrive two years after the first
astronauts have tanded. Lansdorp insisted that the míssion was
viable, even though drinking water wiLl. have to be coltected
are able to tand. ffi
But Berhaps the biggest obstacte of all witl. be the psychotogicat
anxiety of knowing there is no return joumey no matter what
happens. 'They witl only step into the rocket if they reatly want
*s to so. The risk is theirs and they can't change their mind once
thel¿ are on the way,'Mr Lansdorp said.

32
 Eg
'leoc Jo acord
e laF lsnl-llt/v\ Áeq1 'peq are Áaq1 ¡1'poo? ere /ioll] ¡r lueserd e ]oE Á¡uo ¡¡rrvr Áaql leql
peuJe/v\ aje uerplrr.lc 'sluosard rleq] ]eF uerp¡rqc qsruedg ]soru ualuv\ sr Árenue¡ g
'peorqe laler] noÁ ueqm
op ],uplnolls pue plnol,ls noÁ leqm ]noqe acr^pe pooF aAlF Allensn serueduroc Áepr¡o¡1
'uercrsnu
poo? Áren e s! oH ']edunr] aql sÁe¡d 'epered oq] ul Ued >loo] oqm 'qoce¡ raqlorq Á6¡ e
'surened luarelJrp Áueu ur sossoJp ac/u ero/v\ uor.uo/v\ oq] lle lenrlsal aq] ]V p
'unLl se/v\ ouo ou ,i¡Furzeue ]nq ']uoprcce peq e ur
pa^lo^ur oJo/v\ oM 'areq1Áem eq1 uo 'FuoJ/v\ ]uo^ Eulr.,lt{renf ,{epr¡oq peq Árc¡ e seM }l
sn Lflr^ erel o] crucrd ouu esn epeu Áaq1 'acru Áren are¡n qlrrvr peÁe1.TlilJ:i;rT q
'Áep Árene
ror..fleo/v\ poo? peL.l o/v\ pue 'pooB Áren sem lolor.l orl] ul poot or.,ll Áepr¡oq poo? e seM ]l e
i
-iruüñ-- "-
I
ñ*G+na ^ - xüuñé sñóuál- xui,ci i
i
; ,ilr.,lBneu pul),1 a¡qe,iol'ua snorlsesrp snorcrlop paqs¡¡dtuocce
'ocuo Á¡uo er¡¡cefpe qcee asn ']s!l slr,lt ruort en¡¡ce[pe e]errdordde lsou eq]
r.ll!^ scrrel u! so^llce[pe eq¡ ece¡deg 'p!^!^ ororu uo¡¡d¡lcsep e eleu qclLl/r^ sen¡¡ce[pe
,or4lo Aq pece¡de,t eq uec Aaql 'pasn ,a^o ua¡o ile peq pue poof 'ec¡u sen¡¡cefpe eql T lselelu! Fullea¡C
z red 8ur1u¡¡
o
t-
!=
:f
(J e¡qrsuodser I
-o
C luelled e
(()
ornleu p
o
(() ]sauoLl c
t-
InJSSoccns q
¡f)
--IDr1úú- --frn1r1T lerou e
.11
tr ar¡¡ce[pe enltepeN unoN er¡¡ce[py
.uen¡F
s¡ e¡duexo uV'sa^!lce[pe eseq] lo srurol an!]eFeu eql pue sunou Fulsslru eqt elUA e sen¡¡ceJpe en¡¡eEe¡
AANI1IASSISIC]S
HOtnsllNyndlre
rlovncu^todltN
ldrHolzxcrssyr
lMeNtttoScln9z
llltuNnuctEvll
l9SSnOtUVttHtl
clnnrno^d3nxvu
VSdOH I]CC]NJ
po;!] Á]sel lleus ]oL.l Áuun¡ ,il.rlp ploc Flq ,üEue
'uollcerlp Áue u¡ oF uec
spJo/r^ eql'sa^rlce[pe leurou asaql o¡ puodsarJoc Llc!r..1/r,\ senr¡cefpe otuarlxa aql pu!l T sen¡¡ce[pe ouar]xI
Ále¡nqero¡
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 6
1 you are going to read an article about sleepwalking. six sentences have been removed
gap (1-6)'
from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each
There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A lt turned out thatshe had been making them in her sleep.

B She did not realize that anything was wrong at first'
C These work by temporarily stopping the body entering the phase of sleep which
accomPanies sleePwal ki ng.
D She does not look fonruard to turning the lights out at nisht.
E lt may seem amazing, but all these kinds of things are possible'
F Others include severe tiredness or the excessive consumption of alcohol.
G ln the majority of cases, the experience is quite uneventful'

!
.E
E
o
-c
+J

(o
.1J
C
r Dangerous as well as embarrassing, sleepwalking remains to thern (rnanyof thern internatioRal), none of which she
remembered. ffiJ-l she has since been forced to hide her , i

''ü@y; wh,il¿ its,resülts ian be both up§efting and

t.úUpreeictabiu Despite their popular image as zorrbie- telephone in a drawer at night.
Iike figures who stumble about with outstretched arms, many a§ one in three children and one
It is estimated that a§
I sleepwalkers are often capable of performing complex acts' Dr esintwentyadu1tssleepwa1katsometime.Expertsbelievethe
Peter Fenick says their capabilities are surprising. 'I've known
condition is rnastcommoü among children and the thdy, ,,
'' ptuaimir *t o have got onto motsrbikes, ridden horses, '
though the reasan for this remains a mystery. What is'nsw'
,

a***ry.ffiJ:r,
'

becoming clear is that sleepwalking tends to run in famities;r

-
'-' tarnis *¡*otgsr exFerti believe that such complex str*ss or anxiety are believed to be major causes' ffi "
behaviour occurs when the individual is suffering from
rc
:* Sleepwalking is thought to start about ninety minutes af ,. '
"üá¿tffi,blaikouts or amnesia. Tt e*e p*duce wtrat is called It leads to lit1le,y.or1¡!ry'a
'
a person Soes to sleep. ffi "
,ti,the,,f.ugUer¡{frre. In this condition, the individual enters a or the opening of a few,dralv¡rs.
watrkround the bedroCIm
lighter state of sleep and can coPe more easilywith lengthier Injuries most oftea occur when sleepwalkers'belieVe thef r ', ,

and more complicated tasks than the average sleepwalker, "

áre sornewhere they are not: windows, stAirsand elect1i , ,

rs who is usuallyback in bed within fifteen minutes' := appliances can lead to disaster.
'i, fiát fudefinitirxr giver,tn however; few people are n1
Nancy Harrison from wiltshire woke r.rp *hirnering orre ,

' á¿**ái"trr,imng *"d articulate when rhey are asleep as to find the bedroom window uride open andher hr¡sbandi ,",' '
.¡auerfd f',ro' London, r+ho f,og'nd that her phone bill Robert,§ bed empty.ffi-l'I assumed Robert had .ro.th4'
ha ,.m s uttS¡, r ted. she later díscovered why. Friends bathroout. But when I went to close the wiqdor¡¿ tr saW his ,

:*¡',-#áutd rema* on lengthy late-night ea1ls she had made

34
I
tb
'Fullsneqxe
/ pe¡sneqxe Á¡e¡n¡osqe u,l 'peq ol oF lsnf ll,l ),lulr.l] I
')4ool o] olot,lA /v\oul ],Uplp | 'auleu JaLl laql.rlotuoJ
I
],uplnoc ueq/v\ Fwsseueqwa / pessu)equlo os seM ]l
'au!] ]sru lsel Futnup lleull ssed ],uop e¡doed
]sohl 'Fulluloddesp / pelu¡oddeslp oo] oq o] lou ,{4
,ie¡niue paqBnel
¡ ¡nq'Fu¡snwe / pasnwe Á¡re¡ncryed elo|all] pulJ ],uplp I
i;onocoJ o¡ Áepr¡oq
e poou l'Funsneqxe / petsne¿/xa ]nq leetF sem dU] etll
'plo/v\Ssolc otl] o] lolv\Sue ]sel aLl] pu[ ],uplnoc
or-l uoLl/v\ Fulletlsrul / peletpn4 Á¡euer¡xo se/v\ olod
¡Par ]LlFuq
]ua/v\ ¡ ,{euou tlBnoue o^ell },uprp I pazlleei pue lllq oq}
E ¡(ed ol luo/y\ I uaq/v\ ?u¡sseteqwa pessu)equla os se/v\ |
/
.E
E 'LUlrl ]e Eulmoqs
(¡)
dn pepue I leL,¡} ueu aq} qllm Fulz(ouue / peÁouue os }oE I
-C
+J
',{ep Árana sBultll aues
(c'
or.l] op no¡'Fugoq / penq os aq uec oc4Jo ue ur Eu!>lroM
..rJ
tr 'fiwsseueqwe
/ pesseueq{//a se lla/v\ se snoretuep oq uec Eu¡¡¡emdea¡g e
'a!q o+ +xeu tls 0l s+uDM oul oN '6upoq s! utlo¡
'e¡doed Jaqlo uo seLl
Fulqleuos ro euoeuos lco¡Ja eql eqlrcsep sa^llcoÍpe Fuf
'a6uoqt p s+uDM eH 'paroq s! utlol
'sloel ro sloot ouoeuos Áem eq¡ oq¡csap sen¡¡ce[pe pe-
'f-e secualues u! scrreil u! ollleurelle lco¡roc
eLll esoor,.lc ueql'^ olaq xoq eql u! uolletu¡olu! eql peeu e
sen¡¡cefpe íut- pue pe- @
pesr.rdrns palsneL.lxe
palerlsnrl peÁouue
pasnue paroq
peluloddeslp posseJrequra
en!lcefpv unoN en¡¡cefpy unoN
'uen!F
sen¡¡ce[pe aq] o] pe]ele, sunou aq] ql!/r^ elqet eq] ateldu¡oC T
Fulp¡lnq p¡o/n O
Árelnqero¡
 My uncle didn't give up (smoke), even after
Grammar the doctor told him he risked (have) a heart
Gerunds and infinitives attack.

1 Complete these sentences with an appropriate preposition

Pleased (meet) you. Glad
(hear) you're enjoying your stay.
and verb in the glerund form from the lists below. You can
use the prepositions more than once. An example is g¡ven. Can you imagine (be) famous and
(have) enough money to do whatever you
j against of i become do pass wanted?
on i orlng draw persuade
il

i at Have you considered (get) a part-time job

with i break get put up
I

i tor
i

i
to make some extra money?
i¡n
!

I do apologize for bringing Rachel to your party, but she

insisted
Most politicians are extremely skilled in
Vocabu[ary
public. Personal qualities
Even though he was bored the same thing 1 Which of the adjectives below describe positive personal
day in day out, he never made an effort to look for a new qualities (P), which describe negative personal qualities (N),
job.
- and which could be either positive or negat¡ve (P / N)?
A good salesperson is clever people to buy
a boring
things they don't really need.
b optimistic
I'm not responsible the vase. lt was Greg's
fault.
c determined
Due to the increasing number of burglaries in the area,
d efficient
the police are warning people their windows e friendly
!
C open.
- t patient
E Jack is quite capable good marks at g sensible
o
s+J school, but he never does. h serious
The examiner congratulated Graeme his i emotional
(o
driving test first time.
.tE j jealous
i Despite the strong wind, we succeeded our
k envious
tent.
j David is good but he -isn't really interested
I thoughtful
'
.r.rr.** What prefixes are added to the adjectives in ítalics in 1to
", make them ne§ative?
Complete these sentences with the gerund -or infinitive form
of the verbs in brackets. Remember that some verbs can What are the nouns related to each of the adjectives in L?
take both the infinitive and the gerund but with a change of
meaning.
a lf you don't stop (waste) time and at least
try (get) the report finished today, the boss
will be furious.
'We regret (inform) passengers of the
cancellation of the 10.06 train to Glasgow.'
-
The- directions she gave me were easy
(follow), so I was amazed (find) I still Sot
lost.
-
I meant (get up) earlier, but I forgot
(set) my alarm clock.

36
 LE
Á¡ree dn
olsn
',{¡ree dn leB o} our roJ rarseo EulUeE s,}l 9
roLlleoA oL.l] uec ll
OUVH
']lnculrp sor.u rlauos sr JaLlleom orl] Fullclpord 9
'lloM se opt
oNlN
'¡¡am se Fu r.uoc lned o] uollce[qo ou o^el] | ?
'nOr{ ALIS
NV]hI
'no,i Eurl¡nsur Jo uorluolur ou pel{ oL.ls t
'uroq sem ,iqeq oq] Joue ull} otl] roJ auer
IN]M
'uJoq sem Áqeq aq] roge ull ot.l] to] ),lio^ ol penutluoc ouef z
ro 'p!es aLl ler.lM asrou aLll
.E o3rN3A3Ud
E
o 'osrou or.l] Jo asnecaq ples ol,l ]eLlM reaq ],uplnoc I T
.C
+J 'eBe s¡q ouoauos rort uosef
sernFtt
(o
oooc
.1J
tr 'eBe s¡q auoaulos Jot lloiv\ sarnEU dn sppe uose[ 0
31d1lVX3
'(g) e¡duexe ue s! aroH 'uenlF pro^ eLll Fu!pnlcul 'splom a^U pue o^ l uea^,Ueq
esn lsnu no¡'uan¡! pro/rt aql eFueqc lou oq 'uen¡F plo/rt eql FuFn 'ecualues ls¡lt otlt
ol Fulueeu relluls e seq ll leql os ocuoluas puocas eqt elalduoc'g-tr suol¡senb lo3 T
vred Llsrl8ul Jo osn pus Sulpeau
¡re>iclnb,iue luol¡
or.ll ol leF ],uo¡n no^ 'anonb e ur are noÁ uall^ Eulaq ]utod ou s,aJoLlI t{
'sraFuerls
o] ),lle] Á¡rpeer ¡¡ran ,ieq1 lar.,l] Jol u^ oul llom ale e¡doed qsl11ocs 7
'Fu!,irl deay o] o^eL,l
no,{ 'Eurtl}"*:. ,r"rvr ,i¡¡eer noÁ,t¡ 'ssoccns Jo o}nqu1¡e }ueuodtul ue sl I
o
¡o polp ]sotule I 'pua ro^au plno^ Eulleeul aLl] ]tlBnoql I e
'LUlLl qllm a^ol ur no¡ Áyed 0
lltls s,ot,ls oux
^ p o
aq] o] pueul¡r¡F ou srrl pue puau¡Áoq-xa s,estl altnut o] no,{ Jo sem }l
^
Ápreq¡oo,r Eulrlviue op o] ]ou rall ]snr] ueo no^ 'UlE e st euuv c
'r{}uncesur
JO ]lnsal oql uauo sl paria-ueelB eq], se umoul os¡e' q
"rolsuou -
'oPls ltlFuq aq]
uo s)1ool s,{em¡e pue -,(ren
s,oH 'uosted ¡o pul),1 ,lln,t }leul sselB, e s! ,{tleg e
'unou ro en¡¡ce[pe e]eudoldde ue q]l^A sacue]ues asaq¡ e¡a¡duto3 V
-
 Vocabutary
Collocations 1 Complete these sentences with an appropriate adjective from this Iist. One adjective is
used more than once.

close
IL__*_ hard heavy
hear4 serious stron -aei

a Unemployment is a --- problem nowadays.

b The forecast for tomorrow is for winds and rain in the west, and
scattered showers elsewhere.
c He said he had been held up in traffic.
d I went on holiday with a ---- friend.
e Trying to explain how the internet works to people who have never used a computer
is work.
f The punishment for crimes like murder is life imprisonment.
2 Complete these sentences with an adverb or a verb from this list in the appropriate
form.
- (x2) passionately
i attentively become hard
express find heavily !

j soundly take
I

-.-J
a I was sleeping so -- that I didn't hear my alarm go off.
b Governments need to =---.- a solution to the problem of global warming.
c lf you work , you'll be finished by lunchtime.
d You can the exam three times a year-
p e The motorist had been drinking and was well over the limit.
.E
E f The wet weather is a problem for farmers, who need to harvest their
0)
-C crops soon.
+J
g Everyone listened -.-- to what the boss was saying.
(o
.'H
h The politician argued his point and almost convinced me he was right.
tr i I had to think before I remembered where I had seen him before.
j She the opinion that there was too much violence on TV.
3 Choose the correct alternative in ítalics. Sometimes both words are possible.
a When we were on holiday, we went on / took a short / smallcoach trip to Loch Ness.
b lt was a tough / hard decision lo make / do.
c She had spent / passed her life helping others.
d The store has a wide / bt§ range of products.
e Competition for the contract was fierce / hard.
f People who violate / break the law should be punished.
g I can't afford lo run / keep a car even though I direct / run my own business.
h There are reports of important / seyere delays on the Central Line.
i The motorist admitted to breakinÉ/ passing the speed limit.
j The bookshelf came with ful/ / complete instructions on how to build it.
k I'm afraid I wasn't giv¡ng/ paying attention to what she was saying.
I We rented / hired a car for a few days when we were on holiday.
m The band Coldplay will be playing / performin§ live on TV.
n The dream was so clear / vivid it seemed real.

38
 6t
'a +"o#a '§-¡our +ou I '(1uhLa aJu Lprr.uv\ op uuc adoad
r.l"!L.l¡^ sra#^r+ao -€\4+o (uut^r arr2 a.-\aq+ +"alp a¿rsoddo eq+ onuq uue |! sraq+o
ro3. +hq'l',no1 6r¡1ea1 eru Gq+ uaq¡^ afdoed a\^.tot -ro1 (du-^eq¿ poo6 v aq fuu,
aen\¡,r dn u,rns oI 'X.ro¡A *y r* oos €L{+ Q -^o ep,s(^1wo" or.l+ q +ho 6.^pg
pao\^¡ J!a\.{+ \ro +a#a anr¡re6d o\^rus aq+ §uL.t spua'+ q+!/^ aw!+ Dulpueds edoed
l' t tl
-eaL{+o
roj 'a r+"aJ+e sr asp.roxo b".lop +utl+ pu,1 atdoad Ñw21¿ 'op ut?" atdoad
/rl
Se+!^l+?U JAq+O (t,U,^, eJu e.€\.1+ -¡'A^A/ o\.{ s¡4ds Jho +}ll (ur¡,r ersrn.,t pessgJdgp
ro pus 6.^lpa3. aru a/^ 3'I 'pt(2s ¡aa3. sh a)pu uuc +srod ¡ho u! +uana lhlurpd 12 3,o
I t lt
sh spun tr¿-r *l fl Ñ-ru1rn,¡-rud ?rshr^,r ¡^oF a¡LtA fuduq 1aa1 aldoed seXrtu\^r (1uraw6
?rshr^, +uaqdn 'Ñ+rera#!p poow rro +"41fl2 ll!¡^ o+ ua+sll a^^ ?rsh.^, 3'o pul) ott+
*nQ poowt rho +"alJ.r0
(lr'r+ra, uru" 's\^osuor 1o (¡a,-run v e! roq-{ouu
"r§htv
JO O\^¡t+ §\¡O +U +l O+ uA+§ll llg €¡* 'U;edO ",¡¡q :rzt2[ A§n\^,t X?OJ dOd arSnr^.r
"l9}¡¡\,\r
(.ru,^, ur olo¡ +uu¡-rodr^.r, up s(uld
lglrssul" sr +r -LaLl+aL{A 'sanll Eadoad
"rshw
¿ear6e noÁ oO 'passeJdep ro pes 6ulleel arp nort lr Aderaq¡ lsoq aql s! )tsnnt
'sra]lal lelldec pue
sdots ¡¡n¡'seuuoc Fulssltu Áue Fulppe'sqderFered lno¡ otu! ll ep!^!C 'Áesse slqt peeu T
T trBd 8ur1u¡¡
E
.E
E
o :l , r'
-C
+-J .ÁU,lp
Í, ,fie :
s.fi,ulaql luern ñort JI
(o Usllplofi dae¡ o1luel¡odlul s,l! sÁes uoutls
..9
c ul u§llptos das¡ o1Jstlaq §"ll §)tu[{} uourls
§l alqBun §Js xauosoeu É eABq l,uop ]eq} ssJnlBs,¡olstll e^allag slEluafc§ eulo§
'BrJ'p ¡n¡u¡ad aq1 Áq uled acnpsJ ol Jeüdde UslJ
{d'detd,un oxlt po*Ér{oq,{aql 'u;ouart +sq q}lrv\ Pa}c$ul eJai'A }no¡} }o sdfl aLl] ueqM
¿o sad¡{l usorll}ofx,scus,la#lp st{},llo} o} paule¡} uaoq osls a stt u§lj
JáUe a1noJ,a eo§t aul'Jüqualuaj.ol elga lills ejo/v\ q§!}rtt,Il
§{.1} t¿Enolq} sdeo§§, plnoa ,{aql'reu} paulsal q !} 'tuttuuedxa auo ul
JoJ §fiulur}Jsqul§ur§J or slqe'Bu¡,a§ r(¡uo lo uollelndej sLl} areq,'qs1¡
r:e §.rsulo seaJsL{rvr l}uap$uqc,s¡p qst} tt}Jo§ }eH sÁes uouJls
'aserqd Uorls ,o pro/rt e ql!,r socuoluos eql elelduoc
'Of,-T suollsenb ¡ol'r{sll uo Ile} e FulnlF rellnl uotuls pallec ueru e reeLl ll!/r^ no¡ g'T q} T
zred Sulualstl
 Listening Part 4
f '$ 1.? You will hear part of a radio interview with Jerry, a student who works on a
railway. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1 What was the original purpose of the railway?
q)
A to carry passengers to a large town
E
+, B to transport §oods to the sea
o
o
t- C to take miners to and from work
2 What is the main use of the railway now?
¡\ A lt is a place that tourists enjoy visiting.
.rJ
c B lt is for villagers to travel to town on.
C lt is a centre for educational visits.
3 What kind of work does Jerry do?
A He does a range of different jobs.
B He drives the engines.
C He cleans the engines.
4 Why is repairing engines appropriate work for Jerry?
A He went on trains like this when he was younger.
B He is studying engineering at unlversity.
C He has always found it interesting.
5 When are the eng¡nes repaired?
A during the spring and summer
B at weekends
C when not many tourists are there
6 What is the main reason the railway needs money?
A to pay essential employees
B to fund new projects
C to buy coal for the steam trains
7 Why do some adults particularly enjoy their visit?
A They like to see their children happy.
B They find the visitor centre interesting.
C The train journey reminds them of the past.

40
 w
'^Aoqs s,^ oroluol ]e uotltlodtuoc
rno lo rouurm eq] (ecunouue) e¡¡
']salel aq] ]e
,{epu¡ uo (ut pueq) plnolls yro/v\eruotl rno^
'FuloF st asla euoÁren3 ',ieplnles ]xeu ¡iued
s,ool o] (alrnur ]ou) - Áqm rapuotvt
laeLlclt4 ¡
'oFe
aJnssajd poolq roll o] s,rolcop all] o] sllluoru xrs (rano a)4el) ,iuedutoc aL,¡} oculs
luo¡ olls os 'Á¡luacer parl],üen BulleeJ uaoq s,aLlS ]uepunpor (aleur) see,io¡dtua porpunL.l o^tl
']callL,lcle U/v\oUI-lleM e /iq ',iepqulq qluealqB¡e,{u
- uo otu o} (antB) .--- }l
1l aM ¿asnoq /v\au lno alll no,i o6 'anleA leluaurluos seLl ]l ]nq 'qcnut quoM ],usl qcleM otll
- '/V\OJIO[XO] Ser{e lOlul/v\ ]sel (u¡vtop
Áru ¡ os 'sasse¡F mau paeu ]qFlLU I yulrll I >1eerq) uals¡is Fulleeq lelluac s,looL1cs
'uoouraue
- srL,ll aql uor.l^ oruor.l (pues) uarplltlc oLl] llv
- ]l r.u,l os 'Fuo¡ ,{ren s,rreq Á6¡ F 'Fu¡peeds (tlctec)
- oLl au!] lxou al,l] ecuocll slt,l osol plnoc ot,l
orr]-o] rr"^ u*, *5J:;1l''§5 t
,*u*rln-.n^ (urem) aH 'aruelq ol Jlostultl seq Á¡uo eg p
'Ioa/v\ ]Sel r! o/v\ oS Áep reqlo ,{rene slomo} eql (eFueqc)
-
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'MOilOTUO] stuoor aq1 'pooB elrnb sel ]e pe,iels a/v\ lolot,l ot,ll c
! os'uns lsaq lle aauoc palllds Ip (unq) auo ou {oteunuol
ol!
E - ^uJ.ra^o
- 'uld 6 ]aup tsnf (uaddeq) uotsoldxa aql q
+.,
]l Iceq ]! Ioo] I 'euoq loF o/v\ se 'aroLl] (Áo¡dtra)
o
o
t- uoos se os uo ojo/v\ a/v\ olrr.,uv\ alorq eleuec,{¡¡¡ c e¡doed puesnoql orvrl ',{uedtuoc aBnq e s,}l e
ta|-
"{epr¡oq
']uled oq] uasoqc,ipeer¡e en,Áaq1 'uroJ erlssed
- Jo enllce eql to esual lcorroc eql
N
uroorpoq r!aq] sluered Áu '¡eam ya¡ q -
Fu¡sn 's¡eycerq ul pro/n oql ql!/rt secueluas osot.ll a¡a¡duog ¡
ii
É, 'uoouJoue
- slu] ]! o^llce Io e^lssed
¡ os 'Árec o] oru rort ,ineeq oo] sr uorsrnala] /v\au oL.lI e
JeruLUeJe
- ]sa] lno ale] redar uBIsep i
Ja^llop olelosop U/v\opUeolc Ycot,lc i
- ]nc ]nc -
'sqre^ eseql lo euo pue euop Fulqlewos
pF e^eq p urroJ
']uotunjlsul
/ lceroc orll r{}l^ [-e secue]ues e¡e¡duog t
lecrsnu e,ie¡d ol uJeal P,l ' ejoru peLl I Jl I
euop Tulq¡p.utos ¡aF / aaeq
e1a¡dtroc e s,]r Iurrl] | 'Iro/v\asnoLl Fu¡op olell I
o^ell
'IoaM e ocuo pelceiloc s/ L{srqqnr s,e¡doed 'ure}ug ul o
pue,{eurno[Fuol e uo or,noÁ
- ¡t leatB ole salzznd pro¡¡ p
-
olol.u
reuluns ]xau lrlun
'u euoM pessar p-¡ileFu erls ,iue laF l,uop | 'uollsanb all] lo ]no st ree,i sltl] ¡iepllotl V c
e Aq panoilot Fupq se^l or..ls lUBnoql olBuv '¡uetuoru e iol p
plno^ letll ¿dn ,ipll tpoq am 1,uop Áq¡¡ q
'Fulleeu Jot.lloue
']aBroJ ],uoc 'Áep e ac!/vq pat oq ol speeu Eop eq1 c
eauetrc o] a^ell ll,aM' a^,a/v\ ptejle [u,l e
'r.uooJsselc or.ll olul lq?notq aq ]ou ]snur pooj q tñüñt
aurl ereds aur] enes (o]) eu!1lo 1no unr ;
'suo¡sserdxe eseLll
'rvrou FulppaM atl] lacuec ],uec a/vl os '¡no ¡uas uoaq o\eLl
lo auo lo ruJol lcerroc ot¡ t.lt!/n secueluas eseq] a¡e¡duog tr
suorlelrnur eL,l] pue 'pa»looq uaaq Ípea4e se{./ r.loJnllc ot,ll e
'al¡/n noÁ secueluas eql lo euos ro¡ ¡cefqns aurr¡ tlll,l,r suo¡sserdx3 O
e lo ),lu!rll ol e^eq Aeu no¡'ec!o^ a^llce oLll otu! sorreil u!
sqrel en¡ssed eUl BulFueqc'secue¡uos onlssed eseq¡ ellr/neu Z
Árelnqero¡
 Reading and Use of Engtish Partz
1 You are go¡ng to read a text on page 43 about cooking. For questions 1-10, choose
from the sections (A-D).The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which person
attempts to copy food they had when they were eating out? ffi
has had experience of cooking pre-prepared food? ffi
is considering having cookery tuition? ffi
is sure they will continue to cook well into the future? ffi
learns to cook new things by trial and error? ffi
learned about cooking when they were abroad? ffi
started cooking to save moneY? ffi
thinks they have a natural talent for cooking? ffi
was encouraged to cook by one of their parents? ffi
would like to work in a field related to cookery? ffi
VocabutarY
Depondent preposltlons 1 Complete the phrases ln itarbs ¡n these sentences wlth the correct prepositlons. These
phrases are used in the reading texts.
0) a I don't l¡ke it when people ask my op¡nions'
E
r-, b I usually hang out my friends at the weekends'
G)
0)
l-
c ln our family, my mother was always ¡n charge mak¡nÉ, rneals.
(1l_
d Helen has never been particularly keen cookinÉ'
¡\ -
e My dad ¡s always exper¡ment¡nÉj- new combrnations of spices.
..rJ
c f -
My parents think ¡t's a waste to spend too much money
g -
Many of the world's most famous rec¡pes were tnvented acc¡dent.
h lvly fr¡end learned Russ,an
-scratch in less than six months.
i Do you have any ¡deas suitable dishes?
-food.
-
(, phfasal vefbs wlth come 2 Complete these sentences with the appropriate fofm of come and a word from this llst.

F*oss ",x ,ou"d (-r)- ,rP ,e -,Iil

a - - they're so expensive lalwayswaittill they
lrarelybuy hardback books
in paperback.
bI this wh¡le I was clean¡ng out a cupboard the other day. ls ¡t yours?
c you won't forget that Paula and N¡ck for dinner on Saturday, will you?
d I can't think what to buy Zoe for her birthday. lf you any good ideas,
let me know.
e -
When Jane heard the news, she fainted. When she she didn't know
where she was. -
f I'm afra¡d I'll have to cancel the meeting. Something- at home'

-
-

42
 ev
'oror.l] sdr] pooO oulos dn pe¡ctd pue eLuti oluos
rol A¡e1¡ ut pa^tl I 'Ino pel,l o^,1 s6urq] Iooc o] polueM lonou
o^,1 lnq 'sodlcer Out1ce¡¡oc ponol on,l 'pltqc e sem I o3uts 'Iooo Es
poo6 Aren e st oqnn Mel-ut-Jolsls Auu ulol+ Iol e pouleol | 'Jalel
'0u¡¡ooc ul sdels lstrl Au eu lq6n-l sluated A6¡ '6urddoqs
ñuroñ sanps 1l pue - llnsol otl] a^ol sÁem¡e rtstfl ilq - ,sodtc§J
Acuafuaua, osaq} ¡¡ec A¡ruq Á6¡ '1o6 a^,o^A leL{A^ luoi1 sedrcel
nneu Outluo^ut pue spteoqdnc pue eOpu,t lno ut 6ut¡oo1 st os
6urop Ao[ue A¡¡eer I ]eqm ]ng 'saqstp uetle]l 6ur¡eu llorlt
_se
sp'speles Jo] ssapt ¡nau 6utÁrtr 'suncstq pue soleo §uqeul
Aofua /!\oN 'suoturdo Alu lo¡ palse sAafle e¡1 '6ur1rcxCI senn
I rlslul+ I uaLlM leql MouI Apeet¡e I '1el4l uel{} oloul L4cntu sl
polooc enn 6u¡qlÁJa^o alrl loal ou apeu aq :luaupedxe of
panol pue looü alsuotssed e se¡n aH 'LulL{ pad¡eq I pue Aepung st
A¡ane usqo¡I otll Ja^o ¡oo1 loLlle+ ALu 'p!>l E §enn I uaq6
|aqluolA¡ lnEd-ussr EI
'ure§e ñunrl B Jo$ 1r op o1]uenn l,uplno^^ | lnq 'sluglel
Eur¡ooc Aur OurÁotuo o;e uolpltLlc Atu pue pueqsnq Au.r nno¡
'luauuadxo puB outoLl o6 o1Iue^A auJ apeuj IJo^^ le sedrcel
6urnno¡¡o1 'onennolctlu ot,ll u! 1r 6ut¡crls pue poo+ 6urlsollep ut
]ueelr Our¡ooc 'ololoq ]p po>l;o^ q¡ sace¡d u¡ 'sluerpalEur
qsol+ LUor+ Ourq]fuena apeul ]eLlI ]ueJnelsot e ]e looo e seM
¡ A¡1ee: 'luapl3cg Aq - sqofsnot¡ard Áiu ¡o suo ul Al.redold
Ioos o1
paulpal I uaq} :§unoÁ Aian seAA I uaqm }Etl} }o sclseq
o oll] aul peMoL,ls JotlloLu pue eulpuel6 Au; pue Ala¡ooc rt
E
+, ucaxol¡/rü ut aJe slooi A6¡ 'siue:n€1sCIJ ul peq aA.l sstlslp
o solrsqom Are¡ooc ulol+ ole soqstp oulnone+ Aut 'Aepo1'1¡ s
o
l-
6urlelrur oltl osle ¡ 'uo o0 plnoc | - sottJno 'uol3ttJ3 pue qs4
(1|-
'sollstp elsed - 6ultlúue lsoLule loo3 ll,l nnou lnq 'sluolpelOur
t\ enrsuedxeul Ll]llln sleou e¡durrs 6ur¡ooc pouels | 'sleouJ
#c A¡rure1 uo ssal puads o1 popaou I osneoeq polselolul ]06 loe
J
lnq '18pooñ Alle¡nleu u.r,¡ ourqlaLuo§ st 6ur>¡ooc )ultll },uop I
§oluss eullsprlS EI
:i1llr.:i:i+;:.,r+i.r;iii.1;i¡j:i::r;11r:rli+iiir:iil;:u:=':i.jr'r:ii:li¡
'pl;oA otll Jo,t dn 1t enl6l.uplno^
I pue Our¡ooc leor o^ol I - sleeui Apeat leo ]snl sÁep eseql
e¡doed Aueur os nnotl puelslapun l,uop ¡ 'eat0e l,uop I Inq
Aauoul pue oulrl +o elsem e s,]l >lutlll Asql'6ut¡ooc. ]noqllM Ez
CIAtl l,uplnoo I 1BL1I st puels;opun l,uop slueled Au leQM
's! or.,l ueql Our¡ooc ]noqe oleuolssed elou.t lol e u,l pue -
1¡esÁlu 1q6nei A¡¡ecrseq ¡ 'punotD¡ceq bur¡ooc e seLl pep
Auu q6noqllv '11 ]sure6e paprcap o^,1 lnq 'e6e¡¡oc tre Ate¡ooc
6urop Inoqs 1q0noq1 I '+ot.lc e aq CI1luerrn I uor1ecnpa Au s¿
1r A¡¡enlee lnq ',laaA/\§ §,Il Iultl} Attill',ouoÁup ilol I Ja^ouot,lM
'spueu+ Aur qlrnn ¡no 6ueq ueU] Al uo soLuLuer0ord pool
qole A Jor{}el ua*a p,l '}§a;e}ut lBoJ {uo iltu s,}l '}ol,p
leuolssalo:d rtue se §ur>1oo3 uo ugol se LU,l lnq 'uoa]+!] uJ,¡ er
uspos pt EI
'slupJnelsal Jtgtll +o au;os ]e soslnoc uo o0 o1 olll
Á¡¡eer p,l - pl:o^ otll ul §+Btlc }§aq aLll t"tlo;+ u:eal o] st urte
A6¡ 'suorleulqLuoc lq6tr eq1 ut sluotpolOul e¡duls 6utsn sl
lsJoss Ap¡ 'snorrg¡ap A¡e1n¡osqe al,Aaq¡salull JCIi{}o }nq '}no
>llo¡¡r l,uop Aot{tr seut}oulos 'so}se} ¡nau Ll}!¡n ñut}ueuttedxo or
Aq A¡urer"u ureal I 'Aep euo o0 o1 adoq I 'uelpul A¡¡etcedse
'poo+ uetsv uo ueol A¡¡eer ul,l - 0ut¡ooc Atu olul slnonel+
le0uolls 0urund pouels an,¡ A¡luecoi inq :sololossec olll
'sÁqpuels deeqc 'poo6 1o eOuel e ]oO oA,l 'sMot,ls Allo
palol sÁean¡a I pue '§leoLu A¡¡urel eql0ur¡eu ¡o e6.reqc ut
selrn I suoal A¡ree Au Aq IeL{} os '6unoÁ sem I uol..,lm looc o}
serlrunuoddo uenlO osle sem I ing ']l t4llm uloq Alqeqold senn
| 'ruol+ seLuoc Dut¡ooc lo+ uotssed Aul aJoqnn olns ]ou tll,l I
rtero¡ug¡ euÁu¡ §I
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 1
1, For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each gap. There is an example at the be§inn¡ng (0).

G)
E
+,
0)
o A new (Ol genre of TV programme began in 2000 when ten volunteers moved
t-
t1l-
into a custom-built house (1) _- off from the world to live underthe
r\ constant gaze of hidden television cameras. BiS Brother \tas an instant hit.
#c Its success marked the (2) of modern reality telerision and produced
countless imitators. Now, reality television (3) up about 60 per cent of all
shows produced around the world.

ln a show (4) Cadets, ten successful applicar^ts were sent into

space in a shuttle. They received two weeks of intensire (5) in Russia,
-Space
before being flown 100 kilometres into space by two hign'¡-experienced
astronauts. Here, they spent five days orbiting the earth. (6)
--
experiments, eating, sleeping, or just looking out of the v,,i',dc,t and watching the
world go (7)

There was just one problem: they weren't actually in space. Tney weren't even in
Russia. They were in a building on a disused army base (8) in the UK.
--

OA species B class (@ D category

1A put B cut C separated D ret

2A opening B birth C origin D foundation

3A describes B accounts C makes D explains
4A known B referred C labelled D called
5A education B training C exercise D learninS
6A making B carrying C doing D creating
7A through B along Con D Dr

8A somewhere B anyrwhere C everywhere D *, herever

44
 9V
("'st uorlsenbÁ¡uo,{6¡) 'e^ell luol}senbÁ¡uo eqlsl s!rll¿Ue}s qoloq}saop uaqg e
("'spreBar sy) 'auuerFord ur-auoqd olpeJ e uo paylo^ Jo^eu e^ell I p
("' 'peu.racuoc are
'" se leJ sV) 'slueulrtutuoc Á¡ture,t Áu ere eseL{I 'pllr..lc ouo eneLl pue pot;Jetu ue I c
("' ol roMSUe u¡) 'uorlsenb
puocos .¡no¡{ o} lo/v\sue ,{u s,1eq1 's.leaÁ ooJLl} JoJ sa}e}s pa}lun aq} ul pollo/v\ I q
("' spreEer sy) 'uorsl^elel u¡ Eu¡¡loan,iofue,{¡¡eer ¡e
'lel oF ol ueql pappap J,ue^eq an'Áepr¡oq )awwns lxeu )no ol pte7et tllltl
("' ol pteFu Lfillil'¡el Áep¡oq )awwns lxau )no n1oF ol uaql eApeplcap J,ua^eq
3'ldnvx3
'SpIO/rA erOtu ,O
euo lltuo Jo ppp sosec euos ur pue ocuoluos lsrlJ eqt lo Japro pro/n eql alueqc ol eleq
Áeu no¡'slelcerq u! suolsseldxe Eulsncol eql Fulppe'mo¡aq e-e socueluas elu/na, oN Z
^
liii]'i+
o
E
+,
o)
o
l-
l.l-
N
..rJ
c
.
::¡ii:¡l
.]
'peorqe Eul>llorvr ur polsalolul ,{Uelnct}.led }ou r.Ll,¡ 'ou g
'ueueJouec AI e se Eur¡.ro/v\ se^ qo|lsel ,iru g
'Á¡¡enluene Áueduoc uorlcnpord u¡vro Áu unr o] adoq t
I
'urer] ,iq EulllaneJl ueq] raqler Fu¡nup o] pasn ue I t
'r..llr/v\ lo} uot}e}ndel e o^eLl
IJo/v\ o] r{sea Fu¡aq Ie
¿srseq Á¡¡eem e ro,{¡rnoq ue uo pted eq I lll/v\ T
sFu¡pu3
'sue¡d ura] Euol ¡{ur o} uo Eurno^¡ t
'sanBee¡¡oc r.llliv\ uo EulueB JoJ sV o
'uorlsenb puocas lnoÁ o] lo/v\sue ul p
',{le¡es Áu EurpleBeg c
'peu;ecuoc sl FulllaAeJ] se reJ sV q
T 'ecueuadxo ]uecat spleFar sy e
sFu!uulFeg
'uanlF s¡ e¡duexe uV'g-tr Fulpue elqellns e qtur^ ¡-e Fu¡uu¡Feq e qctew T,
lreura / rauat - zted 8ut1u¡¡
 Vocabu[ary
Gompound nouns L Use a word from each !ist, A and B. Form compound nouns to complete sentences a-9.
Some compounds are written as one word, some as two. Check in a dictionary.

** ---§ü-l
B j assistant board A"*, éñc, ñé_.- i ;tü;¡--reade ¡ ;

a The wasn't very helpful. lt was five minutes before he served me.
b It's incredible how quickly a can find information on the internet.
c Whatl'dreallyliketobeisa-'l'denjoyteachingstudentsand
researching my subject.
d -
I was under so much pressure at work last year that I nearly had a nervous
-
e When you're using a computer, make sure the is at the right height or
you could get back pains.
f Our college has its own where you can find out about every course on
offer.
g Did you see that on Channel One last night? He couldn't stop
laughing at one of the stories.
.g
E
o so and such 2 -
Rewrite these sentences starting with the words provided. In each case, your answers
E
should include so instead of such or such instead of so.
@ a Maria works so hard that she always gets the highest marks.
.tc Maria is
b John has such a h¡gh lQ that he got into university when he was fourteen.
John's lQ
c Claudia is such a fast writer that she always finishes first.
Claudia writes
d I know so many people who wish they hadn't lef[ school at sixteen.
I know
e Some people have such boring jobs that they can't wait to retire.
Some people's jobs are

46
 LV
IAAM ]xou rOleJOCAp Aq] AOS O] OFuerJe C
auoLld oLl] uo Jolerosap oll] o] Ieods g
raruea ouoc o] rolelocop or.l] )4se v
¿op o] oorBe ¡iaql op leq6
'sue¡d JlaLll ]noqe Fuulel ueuro^ e pue ueul e Jeall no^ 8
'sacuenbesuoc snouos oneq llr^ C
'clseq ellnb are g
'Fu¡spdrnsun are V
sBu¡pur¡ or..l] slulq] or.lS
'uorlecnpa poor.lplrr.lc Á¡ree olur L{cieeseJ }noqe Eulllel ueuo^ e reaLl no¡ L
slouuellc AI Jo o3ror.l3 eql c
setuuerBord ¡1¡o ,i¡r¡enb
eq] g
mes Áaq] ul4 relncryed eV
¿uorleslanuoc rol¡] ¡o crdol ureu all] s! ]eL{M
'uorsrnala] ]noqe Euylel a¡doed o/v\] reaL,l no¡ 9
Eu¡ueddeq s,]er.lm ]no pu4 uec noÁ Á¡¡c¡nb moq C
puu uec nor{ uor}euroJur punorDlceQ Jo }unoue ell} g
.ro sradeds¡neu ,inq o] onurluoc a¡doad ]eL{} }ce} aq} V
E
o ¿]noqe pesudrns s! oL1 ,{es eq saop }eqM
E ']auralur oL{} }noqe Fuulel ouoauos ieall no^ 9
@ 'a^rlce aq ol sre¡erd eg C
.t 'suods 1e pooF sl oH g
:reBeuea] lecld,{l e s! aH V
¿llostulr..l ]noqe Áes eq soop ]eqM
'uorsrnala] uo saLlcle^ aq ]eqm ]noqe Eulllel ¡aleueel e reaL,l no¡ n
slerles uorsrnalal ureuac Jo saposrda ernln¡ 3
sarqeq s,e¡doad snotueJ I
snoueJ pue L,lcu are oLuv\ a¡doed Jo sauoq oq] v
¿]noqe sarjols Jo spurl oluno^e} roLl are ]eL{M
'spear oL.ls sourzeBetr aLl] ]noqe Fuulel ouoauos reaLl no^ t
s^ au suods aLl] C
S/vlou lelcueuU oL]] g
saurlpeaLl or.,l] v
¿]sJlJ ]e yool or.,l saop radeds¡nau aq] Jo Ued qcllyv\ '¡.rorvr o] ,{em aL{} uO
's]lqeLl Fulpeer srLl ]noqe pa^ or^Jalul Fulaq auoauos reoL{ no z
s^ au alll peal oqm a¡doed aull C
sorlols s^ ou uBleroJ I
SalJolS S/v\au lecol V
¿Fullserelur ]sotu puu alls soop ]eqM
'orper aLll uo auuerBo.rd s¡vreu e o] Fu!uelsrl lnoqe FuUlel euoorlos reaq no^ tr
'(O ¡o g 'y) remsue lseq eql osool.lc
'g-tr suo¡¡senb ,oJ 'suoltentls luoroltlp tqFla ul Fullle¡ a¡doed reaq llr/n no^ B'T $ I
T lred Sulualstl
 Vocabu[ary
@ enrasal verbs with so t Replace the verbs in ítatics in these sentences with the correct form of §o and one of
the words below.

,
aftgl á1ó1e *ith by on tnrougn ,p
a When you're looking fonvard to something, time passes very slowly.
b lf you follow him, you might catch him before he gets on the train.
c I don't understand what's wrong with my work. Can you explain it again, please?
d There was a lot of noise outside our apartment, so we looked out of the window to
see what was happening.
e I'm afraid the price of petrol is likely to increase again next month.
f Sorry, but I can't accept that idea.

Reading and Use of Engtish Part 5

1 You are go¡ng to read an article on page 49 about radio in rural Africa. For questions
1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
1, What is the main purpose of the first paragraph of this article?
A to tell the reader about the economy of rural Kenya
B to give background information about a local problem
C to introduce the tea and coffee farmer, lsaac Kinyua
.g D to illustrate the effects of bad weather conditions
E
o 2 What do we learn about the accident in which the girl was killed?
E
A People had not been told bad weather was on its way.
@
B On that day, there had been poor radio reception.
.'ri
tr C People in the area had refused to leave their homes.
D Nobody had expected heavy rain at that time of the year.
3 What is Winfred Chege's attitude to the sound of the radio in the town?
A She is against it because it is very loud.
B She welcomes music being played in public.
C She finds the interruptions annoying.
D She finds the weather news useful.
4 What does the fact that Winfred Chege puts on a 'heavy sweater' suggest?
A She is finishing work for the day.
B She thinks ¡t is going to rain hard.
C She is preparing herself for the night.
D She thinks the temperature is going to drop.
5 What was the problem with weather forecasting methods before the arrival of local
radio?
A They relied on natural si§ns.
B They only covered short periods.
C They did not relate to the local area.
D They were based on old-fashioned beliefs.
6 What is special about the radios g¡ven to poor communities?
A They are easy to use.
B They do not use electricity.
C They cost nothing to use.
D They do not need charging.

48

'uollpurolur ssaff,B o1 aldoad Áueu rc¡ Áem lsedeaq¡ atll
sureual orppJ 'leuosees e;p sJelseslp leJnleu pup au¡ Áyanod
aq] Mo¡aq so^ll uonelndod aqt lletl lsotulp oroqm fu1uno: e u¡
.'slsPfeJoJ
ol u! aunl Á11sea ue) Áaqt tetll os aBleqr ol Á6olout{)e1
rplos pue dn-purm osn teql sle8peE a¡du1s sotllunuruof
"rood eq1 errlB os¡e a A, 'Juaul.¡ede6 ¡er1Bo¡o.toelew eÁuey
arll le rol)aJlp Álndep 'afuaquy Jalad sÁes ,'¡qEnolp pue
Eu¡poop sB Ll)ns sJelseslp of alqpleulnl spa.le u! paseq
aJe, suorJPls 'sr»l Ez uet{] eJout }o snlpel e ut }sPfppoJq
uef, pue Je¡luusuerl P q]$ auo) suollels oql 'alqellP^e
aJoqm Á1r:upa1a.ro .l(B¡eua Jelos Áq pelamod 'suottreJs
r(trruntrurol qfns rno¡ spr..l r*ou eÁuay 'olppr pue leuJalul
Eursn sol¡unuuof lplnl o1 uolleulJoJut alpulll pue
rCIqteam lpll^ llrusueJl ol peqsllqetsa lrafo.¡d 13NVU ¡eqo'¡E
oql pue er(uay 13NVU Jo ued s! uotlPls eruaEuey eq1
.'eBenEuel lerol aql ul
Álrunuuol aql o1 paÁe'¡al uaql eJe qlelap aq¡ 'eqle,Euey
sr(es , ,l(lnp uo Jaluosa.rd olper eql o] passed pue uollels
teqlesm lrlpruolnp aql uJoJ, ualet ale s8ulpeel JaqJPe¡\¡,
'uollpls Jaqleam Bu¡u1o[pe ue uoJJ s]¡oda.l le'¡n8al soJn]pa]
uollels aq1 Áepo1 'uralsÁ5 uolleflunutuo) leuJalul pup
olpPu - 13NVU ¡Qlunuruof lprru aql pue luau¡ede6
lerlEo¡o.roalew eÁuey oql ueemleq uolleloqpllof ,o ]lnseJ
aql l1e uo truam IINVU euaBuey uaqm '8002 fuenlqa¡
.g
E u1 pa8ueq) teq_L 'eJeJnffe sÁer*1e lou pue tu.rel-Euo1
o
E uoljo ereM slselaJoj asoqf 'sleurlue pll/v\ lo s¡¡er Eutfuen
aLll pue eÁuey 'lW uo sla^el Eo¡ pue Mous eql 'pelemog
@ aL{} aJaqm 'esnoq stq Jo ep}s ulatrsea aLl} uo llem a}aJf,uo3 e
saaJl qllq/v\ le seull eql Eulpn¡:ur 'spoqletu EullsEf,aloJ
.rJ
c Jaqleam leuorltperl uo Á¡er ol pasn a¡doed 'Jsed oUl ul
'fu1uno: oLl] Jo syed
lsalurel aql Jo euo 'pere slql ul dn merE oqr* 'eqla.Buey
leqdso¡ 'uortre1s olper aq] jo aEreq: ul rel¡Jlo aql ol
6u1pro:re 'oEB s.reaÁ MaJ e llnl$]lp ueaq alpll plnom lpql
s:
,'op ol leqm MouI I MoN, 'sÁes
er.ls ,'sulauBd Jaqleem tu.lel-.¡aEuol pue -uot{s }o str¡Jal
u! sn punore sl ]eq/v\ ou,l ol sn padleq seq trl 'paqstlqelsa
^
sem uollpls olpeJ A1¡untur.uo) aq] e)uls, 'ssed ol utpJ aLll
Jol sllpm pue Jelea*rs Á.teaq e uo slnd uaql aLlS 'ualJpp
to ol ul6aq aloqe salls aqt se punolE aql uo salqela6al pue 0r
Itnr, aql ra^o ll llor ot sut8aq pue llpls ot.¡} Jo aEpe auo
olul pallnl Jo^of, r11se1d E lno s'¡1nd aq5 Áepplu JaUE
seJnuru Ma, e evzvp orros eq o] ,{le>{n sl aJaql asnPf,aq
Eululotu '¡1e 6u1¡¡es uaaq seq eLls poo¡ aql rallotls ot Áem
*s e pu¡¡ ol seq aqs smoul eEaql 'paqslug seq Jeluese.ld sz
aql uaq^'slsef,aJo} Jaqlea/v\ .to¡ uo¡¡dnJjatu! lPuolspl)o
aql lnq frsnu aql lou sr lenamoq 'srap'¡oqllels aLll Jo
euo 'aEaq) parlul^ Jo uollua¡p aql sqel6 leq¡ 'Pare
Eulddoqs s,euaEuey u1 ñupelq olppr aqt pulJ o1 Áddeq s1
su o¿
aq 'Bulddoqs sao8 enÁu1y uaq^ 'ltsnu le)ol ¡o Á1ue1d Hlyvr
sJeuelsll sl)eJup 'uorleJs lpf,ol s,euta8uey 'I3NyU euaBuey
'soruoLl Jleql a^Bal ol
aldoad jo sparpunq palroJ pue p¡E p¡o-leaÁ-gI e pallpl tet{l
eprlspuel e lo uro¡ eql u! I)nJls ApaEB.lt 'ualsÁs Eulule*t
oe Á¡rea ou peq euaEuey ueqm 'oEe s.lear( eoJql lsnf 'enÁutx !I
sÁes .'sap1¡spuel pue leqleom otl] ul saBueqr papadxaun
jo asnpf,aq aJaq ]uel.lodtut rfuarr s! sseupaJede¡d lalsest6,
'Jaqua)a6 pup JaqualoN ut pe¡radxo aJP sule; rtreaq
leql peshpe Eu¡u.re/v\ JuofoJ aug 'uollpls olpeJ Állunutuor
u, Áq.reau aLll ruoJ, suale Jeqlpem solta)al aq 'o¡pe; a¡qeyod at
sp{ o} ur saun} enÁury uoLlm 'Á¡a1e1 asnp)eg ¿mou Áq¡¡
'Molaq Áa¡'¡en aqt ol Áldeels sllp, puel
ov Eulp'¡rnq Jo uorlnera.rd eq1 6u¡¡e1 Mou st enÁu1y uospeJ auo
* seprlspue¡ Áq 1gq Á¡¡euotse)f,o oslp ere saplsllltl eql lng ü
'Ár¡unor eql ,o s]¡ed Jaqlo .larro eEeluelpe rttuouofa ue
eÁuey lertuar Eu¡n1E 'pooq1¡a,rll p q]¡t't Á¡tue¡ slt{ pup ulq
peppro.rd 6uo¡ erreq er(uay u! auoq s,en;(uty f,pesl punolp
I
saplslllr.l aqt uo 6u¡tto.tñ saqsnq aa¡lol pue eat aq+ i
 d Pete Why didn't you come to Paul's party, Delia? (ask)
Grammar
Reported speech Delia Oh, because everyone said it would be boring.
(reply)
1 Write these sentences in direct speech.
a Andy told his wife to hurry up, adding that they were going
to be late. Pete I really enjoyed it. (say) lt didn't finish till after four.
Andy Angie and John were there. (add)

Sylvia asked him if he thought she should wear her long

dress or her short stripy one. Rewrite these sentences in reported speech. Choose the
Sylvia most appropriate reporting verb from this list, usingl each
Andy suggested she wore her black dress. verb once only.

Andy
Sylvia told him that she couldn't because it was at the
t§i:iler{g iffi
a 'Don't speak with your mouth full, John!'
dry-cleane r's.
John's mother
Sylvia
b 'Remember to get your father a birthday present, Laura.'
e Andy said he didn't care what she wore, but that if they
were late, he miÉht lose his job. Laura's mother

Andy
c 'Don't cross the road here, Tom! lt's not safe.'
The man
Report the following conversations, using the verbs in
'You really must let me pay.'
brackets. Use conjunctions to join short sentences together
where possible and make any other necessary changes. The David
first one is done as an example. e 'Let's try that new Chinese restaurant in King Street.'
a Paul Would you like to come to my party next Saturday? Susie
.g (invite) Pete and John are coming, so there'll be
l'iJ
0) some people there that you know. (add)
E

(@
+,
'tr would be eome people there that she Knew.
Delia Yes, I'd love to. (say) What time does it start? (ask)

Paul About ten, but you can come when you like. (reply)

b Delia l've been invited to Paul's party. (say)

Angie When is it? (ask)

Delia On Saturday. (reply) I don't want to go, but I

couldn't say no. (add)

Angie Why don't you phone him on Saturday and say you
don't feel well? (suggest)

c Mum Now, don't make too much noise. (warn) I

don't want any complaints from the nei§hbours.

(add)

Paul I won't. (promise)

50
 T9
'Icolc,o g Áq
uorlels aq] o] loF uec I odotl I 'Ycolc,o I ]e uollels otll oplslno ]aou o] poBuerJe aM
'antleurolut pue Fu!]selelur are,{Eo¡our.lco} pue acuarcs }noqe sauuerFotd 'uolutdo
,{ru u¡ ,{Fo¡ouqce} pue ocuercs }noqe setuue.lBord o¡per Fu!}sale}ul ,{ueu ale oJot.ll c
'Eulualsll a.re no,{ ollrliv\ Fu!q}auos op uec noÁ
]eL{} sl aBe}uenpe }sr4 al{l 'uotst^ala} ro^o seL,l orper seBeluenpe o/v\] Jo IUlLll uec I q
'socuarpne
elre¡ slefl pue ecnpord o] deaqc st orpel lecol 'uorlua^ur luellluq e st o!pel leco-'l e
'uolllladel plone ol se os sr¡ed asaLll lo qcee u! acuolues puoces aqt elUA eU ¿
'ur palsoralu¡ ,i¡¡eer s,aq Fultllou
s,aleq] 'leql se ilall sV / rcql wot¡ ¡tedy 'suode.l spods ot,ll speal s,{ean¡e leqlolq ,{6¡ t
'ppo^ aLl] ul uo Eu¡oE s,]eq/v\ Áq peleutcse¡
we1'fuetluocotllug /ssa¡aqua^aN's/v\ou oL.ll ul ]sololul ou onell llult,l],{eu no¡ e
'.¡adedsrvreu e Jo seFed ou] Fulurn] ]noqe Ful,itslles Bultllauos
s,olotll 'pueq )eqlo aql uO
§enuoc ÁA 'Al uo s/v\au oLl] tlclem o] Jolsea qcnu s,ll p
/
'euo ltlFnoq Á¡¡en1ce I aLU!]
]sel eLf] raquouol l,uec l'lceJ q / lsetluoc Ág 'mou sradedsmau peor lona ,{lpleq I c
'Uleuelua ol Sl eloJ sll ,iepo]
.r()
seuoql¡ q7noqUe'slv\ou eq] Uoder o] sem .lededsmau e Jo olol aq] ']sed aq] ul q
/
E 'aulluo s/v\au aul Eulpeal ele e¡doad
o
E alou 'ecuepq ug / rcnano¡¡ 'sladeds¡neu Bur,{nq ere e¡doad tame¡ pue lalvtal'Áepo1 e
@ 'secueluas flu¡rno¡¡o¡ eq¡ e¡e¡duoc ol aserqd Jo pJo/n lceroc or.lt osooqC tr
.!c,
T tred 8ul1ll¡¡
']noun]sal]a]]eqaLl]-(g)8urmarns.jnoqueJ|eq
la8,(¡uo uer aLl :Á¡¡:rnb (/) sauaileq dn asn t,uplp ll pue ra88rq sEM uaalrs
aqt (9) panordLul aq plno) Al Jo uos sLlt sa^arlaq Ined ,'alntld aqr aas
touuef no,( tq8r¡ lq8rrq ur (5) 'srooplno lr asn ol Pelue^ | 'uloolqleq aqr
ur l¡:soru I asn ¡,'sreaÁ lera^as ro; Al ra¡:od e pau^^o (7) a¡:se:preH Ined
',(ep,fuana - I sasn aq se A1 aqr 8ur,(nq rarBar lou saop tnq 'ueu laSpe8 e sr aq tellt sttupe
ltols ,'leuae aqr Jo luol; -ut sa^our Surqrou se 8uo¡ (g) poo8 st uot¡da¡ar
aq1.SauoqdpeaqL{]lMUa^at-(z)pnot]ouSl]l]eq]sruua¡qolduleLuaq1
.s.llPJJe]Ua]lnfH]!¡n-(¡)8urdaa¡to;poo8oS|eSl]l]nq,]uauuule].la]UaloJ
I asn 'sa,(a Áuu
¡ surer¡s raSuo¡ Áue se'Jnoq ue tnoqe tsel qlrLlM sauuuer8old q:renr,(¡uo
l,
'paq ur saL{fte^ ,(¡ureuu aq---wqñ- (o) hr azrsaa¡:od sltl sa^ol ueu/v\aN llo)s
'(O) FuluulFeq eq¡ le elduexo ue s! oJeql'deF qcee u! pro/r^ euo A¡uo as¡
'deE qcee slll lseq qc!Ll/r^ pJo/\A eql lo ),lu!tll pue /notaq txal eqt peal 'g-tr suollsenb ¡oJ T,
zred Llstl8ul Jo asn pue Eulpeau
 Listening Part 4

1 {} 1.9 You will hear part of a radio interview with an environmentalist, Danie! James,
about the Eden Project. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1, what interests Daniel about visitors to the Eden project?
a
,tf A They mainly come from other parts of the UK.
o= B Around a third have never been to Cornwall before.
tor_ C They are happy to pay to visit it.
(o
CE 2 What does Daniel say about the conservatories?
.t
'C
o)
A They are round in shape.
+r
B They will need to be replaced in 25 years' time.
C They are made of two different materials.
3 What does the Humid Tropics Biome mainly contain?
A plants which bear edible fruit
B plants from tropical forests
C plants used in construction
4 ln what way is the third biome different?
A lt contains plants from Asia and Australia.
B lt isn't covered.
C lt contains more varied plants.
5 What is the main aim of the Eden project?
A to conserve endangered plant species
B to study how plants and trees grow
C to show the connection between plants and people
6 What kind of people does the Eden Project especially want to attract?
A people who haven't sot much interest in environmental issues
B people who are interested in the environment
C people who belong to environmental groups
7 What does Daniel say about the majority of the people who visit the Eden project?
A They arrive at 9 a.m. or after 2.30 p.m.
B They don't have time to look at all the exhibits.
C They spend three to four hours there.

52
I
I
E9
']r uoYorq
a^eLl ]rlBlu I ),lull1] | ¿ollue Áu Iool e noÁ p¡no3 !
.*, _
]sotu aU] of EuloB sem aq pue 's;eo,i entl ut Áept¡oq ]sl!J sltl se/v\ ]l tl
'loot,lcs
-
}esselFo,tds.ualp¡tL,|cllaLl}}Sala}UlUP-plnoL,|SS}ualedF
'¡{rEue sreÁe¡d raq}o otl}
so).leu s!r.11-']! ]rporc oq] lle ol,l 'llo/v\ s,ie¡d ueo] aq] Jl t
flliclnb sioquatu
raqlo aql spuau,t ^ra aqs uaqM
eqs 'qnlc slll paulol e
'ool'u!l e euruif a lB
p,l ples l¿)jceq aql ur uosiad raqloue ulool no,( ueC p
'l! pulru
a
f ot eurzeFelu ^ru
- ']sál Eu!^up,{r.! }noqe snoru3u
- e peal ot palr I os ,(llear se¡^ | c
!
C 'safn[u! ]aq pooB e sl ]auef q
=
o - ^Jo^ocar -
r- 'alel aq plno/'^ o¡ ouo^ue
ro
tceluoc ^aql,(es
- sltqoul ltaql e
l,uplnoc- Áallt os ButIJo/'^ ].use/t^
cn
#
tr -
-ür ,Jo-¡o--[- ruoll-lq -q
-
'suot¡tsoda¡d
- esaq¡ Jo euo pup u.rro¡ peJroc eqt
- q atlet to atleur qt!¡r seoueluos aseq¡ eteldujoC ¿ etlelque e\eu q¡¡in suo¡¡eco¡og @
'r,¡cPaq aql ]e,(ep e a^lleuJall? pooB e sr ]cálold uap¡ aql ol l!s!^ v f
'stuetd pup atdoad dlqsuolleloJ aql1o Fulpuelsrapun
jno uorlnqutuoc lueuodtul up e¡eu ol sadoq lca[oid uap] 31]I !
'pefold 3ql ol la; ol uodsueil
-
orlqnd esn ol aldoad Jalord plno/'^ Áaql'srec ueq e l,ust araql qBnoqUV ¡l
- 'asessrp
lo peords- aql ernsua ol aullueJenb olul ]nd eie slueld pauodul llv B
'Llcleu lleqlool dol e aes o] ]a¡cltr e ,to acud aq] alqereduoc
st tlc!q/'^'acud uolsslupe qBIq aqr -
pautplduoc á^eq atdoad lecol J
'ouror.lcs sl]l polsa^u! oslP sstueduoc ^ue!\l
leco'l e
- ,(guoru
popunl se/v\ r]clqm 'lcalord aU] -
posoddo oJa aldoed ^jaDol
suos p
^q ^lued - ^
'ÁLuouoca leool aql lceJje e^trsod e peq seq lcaloJd aql a
- 'l! uo ).Uo^^ o1 alqe aq o¡ sqot pooB
dn a^e? ,(ueu ]eq¡ ,(lBuolls os lcafoJd aql pa^allaq siolea]c quep3 q
-
'uoipllr.lc pue sllnpe qloq sleadde lsalord uapl olll e
-
i o_l y9 ,l - y?9^r'q ]:YL9E'* 119-9']
-
'lsll s!r{} LUorJ uolltsode¡d eleudordde ue Ll}!/r^ secue}ues esoq} a}elduoC tr suolllsoda¡d luepuadoo
-
Ále¡nqero¡
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 5
1 You are go¡ng to read an article about predicting earthquakes. For questions 1-6,
choose the answer (4, B, C or D) which you think fits best accordin§ to the text.

r§S¡9.qq:@qirlti§ rtkbff.ftkúy,.virerdy,evqy'cdtuie. ii i{oe.rll¡tiriua, beha¡ioúr ¡ás,.}e§$.Ia§ted n m¡¡S{'6,{q'¡ñ.irtál

::&.4.§ry§'..,@.:l @6t@§s-§f t}{,6r/af .anima} .behaviotv ¡i spdde*,as.wÉli incMirg Sshi,r@;,e!'d SEo:@'1hid@qe
ptb tc cfft'q.trl€s dld to a bsEer erdeflt, vdcanb eruptiors, hx beiraúioLr can occur at any time in drarre d a q-¡ake - from
conventional science has nsrer been abte to adequatety explain weeks to seconds.
r the phenomenon,
A number of theories have been proposed to explain
Neverthelesq theChinese andJapanese have used such observations this phenomenon, and what the signals that the
for hundreds of years as an important part of their earthquake *nanimals are picking up on might be, Because
warning systems. many animals possess auditory capacities beyond
the human range, it has been suggested that
Most slgnificantly, on 4 February I975, the Chinese some animals may be reacting to ultrasound emilled
r* successfully evacuated the city of Haicheng several hours as xmicroseisms from rock breaking below the
before a 7.3 magnitude earthquake, saving nearly 9O,0O0
ss cárth's surface,
lives. This was based prirnarily on observations of
unusual animal behaviour. Another possibili§ is fluctuations in the earth's
a magnetic ñeld, Because some animals have a
f Helmut Tributsch's classic work on the subject of
! sensitivity to variations in the earth's magnetic
C * earthquakes and unusual animal behaviour * Wfien the
f field (usually as a means of orientation), and since
o Snakes Awake * details nurnerous consistent accounts
l-
(o o*variations in the magnetic field occur near the
of the phenonrencn from all over the world. However, epicentres of earthquákes, ¡t has been suggested
o) although these behaviour patterns are very well-documented,
+, that this is what the animals are picking up on,
most American specialists do not take them very seriously.
E
ro ln fact, most conventional geologists do not believe that Other mysterious phenomena are oflen connected
there are any earthquake prediction techniques which with earthquakes, The regular eruptions of geysers
perform any betler than chance; this includes unusual ashave been interrupted. Water levels in wells have
animal behaviour: ln fact, the notion that odd animal been reported to change, or the water itself has
behaviour can help people predict earthquakes is become cloudy. Magnets have been said to lose
rs p€rceived by most traditionat geotogists in the their power tempor:arily. Many people report
West as folklore and is often treated as seriously that there is suddenly an inexplicable stillness
as sightings of ghosta Elvis Prestey, and the Loch ¡o in the air, and that all around them becomes
Ness Monster. completely silent. Strange lights are often
seen glowing from the earth, and unusual
Unusual behaviour is difficuft to define, and fogs have been reported. These phenomena
so determining if there is a §pical behaviour are all consistent with the notion that the odd
pattern is not a simple, clear-cut process,
rs animal behaviour may result from changes in the
although there are some distinct patterns
earth's electromagnetic field. More puzzling is the
which have emerged, An example of this, fact that a number of people even claim to have
which has often been reported, is an sighted UFOs hovering around earthquake sites.
:s intense fear that appears to make some
animals cry CIr barik for hours, and others ;
Currently, Western science does not have any
run away in panic. Equally §pical is the anreliable means of forecasting
earthquakes, Any
phenomenon of wild animals losing clues that may be used to help us predict when
their usual fear of people, and where the next quake is coming should be
approached with an open mind.
+c Although the rnajori§ of accounts
relate to dogs and cats, there are
Glossary
also many staries about other types microseism: a weak, persistently-recurring
of anirnal in the wifd, on farms, and ln i earth tremor

54
 99
Idnra ,{len
alenlsnlJ ]cear
]seFEns uteldxo
rncco aullap
uJoJrad lupard
oAeLloq o^rosqo
unoN qlaA unoN qroA
'sqra^ tool esaql uorl epeu spto/n ql!/Y\ elqel slql elalduoc tr Fu¡p¡¡nq p¡o/n o
Áre¡nqPloA
rncco ll!M salenbquea uoq/v\ lclpard o] olqlssodul! sl ll O
.pulru punos
Jo ]ou ore selenbquea ]clperd uec Áaq],{es oqm a¡doe¿ c
'sa¡enbqlleo ]ctpold ol rnoq ]noqe seopr /v\eu o] ualsll plnoqs slsllualcs ulolsaM g
'se¡enbqllee pue rnot^elloq leutue uo euop eq ol poou solpnls aron v
¿oleu ot Eul,{rt st alclue aq} Jo ra}lllv\ eq} tulod uleu all} sl }eLlM
a
'sulelc oL.l] lnoqe poujosuoc s! 3H o
!=
C 'uleldxa o] ]lncuJlp srrlelc aL{} spu!} oH C
=
o 'sutelc
t- oLl] Áq Pestrdrns s! aH I
(()
'enr¡ Á¡qeqord e.le sulelc otl] slultl] aH V
cD
.1J ¿solls
tr e¡enbqyeo punore uaos uaaq a^eLl soln ]ell] sulelc o] ]ceoj rellJ/v\ elll seop /v\oH
'ace}JnS S,queo OL,l] /v\olAq Spunos pnol leaq ,ieql O
'sleuEeu o] o^tllsuas,{lt,lBtq are Áaq1 I
'plol¡ cllauBeu s,L,lueo oL,l] ul seBueqc osuos,{eq1 g
'o^oul ol FuluulBaq Llueo oLl] leoJ ,{eqt v
¿Jnotneqaq eBuells ,sleLulue Jo osnec e¡q¡ssod e sl ]eqM
'aulotl tuoll Áeme un.l slad ouos O
'e¡doad Jo pouall.lFuJ euocaq sleulue llV C
.sleutue loqlo uell] lnol^eqeq lensnun elou /v\otls sBop pue slec I
lnor^eL{eq lensnun A otls sleulue pa}ecl}sotuop pue plliv\ L.l}o8 v
¿e>4enbqUeo ue ololaq a^el,laq sleujrue /v\ol{ }noqe,{es.le}unn eLl} seop }eLlM
rnol^eqeq leulue lensnun ¡o,ipnls cullualcs uoddns o
'se>lenbquee Fullclpatd ,to ,{e¡n elns ou sl aloLl} onallaq C
'pot,lcreesar-lla/v\
s a\e/^V saYeus aq] ueq\ ){u!L|l I
'sa¡enbqlreo lclpald o] rnolneqaq leulue lensnun osn V
slslFoloaF leuotlua^uoc lsoLu 'olclue aL{} }o lo}lrm aL,|} o} Fu¡ploccy
] ror'"'":'JI',
;i'j':::: :::",:H l:l'J:: ;L:i:'::i :
'se¡enbqlreo ]clpord o] ll asn solrlunoc ,{ue6¡ g
'puo/v\ eq] ul araqm,{rena ueddeq }ou saop }l v
¿se¡enbqyea
oJoJaq lnotnelloq leutue lensnun lo ocuallncco alll ]noqe ,{es .la}tln aLl} seop }eqM
 Gfammaf h Un¡ted's second goal was scored in the
final minute won them the cup.
Relat¡ve clauses i Sally,s go¡ng out w¡th someone _ she met at
Jason's party'
1 Dec¡de whether the relat¡ve clauses ¡n the follow¡ng
sentences are defining (they conta¡n essent¡al informa on) or j -
Not surprisingly, we never got back the th¡ngs
nondef¡ning (they contaln non€ssent¡al ¡nformat¡on). lf the we'd reported stolen.
clause is non{eflnlng, add commas. k We,ll be staying at the Seaview Hotel _ ¡s on
a The word 'smog'wh¡ch was co¡ned in the early 2oth the seafront-
century combines the words 'smoke' and 'fog'. lrhebestt¡metogotosco and¡sJune the
b ln the late 19th century, London which was known as 'The -
weather ¡s warmer.
Big Smoke' suffered almost constant foggy cond¡tions. m I've dec¡ded I don't l¡ke the shoes I bought
c At that time fog was ma¡nly caused by the smoke which on Saturday.
came from the coal f¡res burn¡ng in thousands of homes. n The H¡lton ¡s expens¡ve is what you d
d The worst recorded London smog was in 1952 when expect. After all, it is a five-star hotel.
4,000 people died ¡n the week that it lasted. o The girl over there ¡s-talking to John used
e Because of the poor visib¡lity which was often less than to go to my school.
one metre dozens died in road accidents g ln whlch sentences above could - the relative pronoun be
f These days smog which particularly affects people who om¡tted?
have respiratory problems is mainlv caused when fuel
-
4 Rewrite these formal sentences more ¡nformally, leaving out
emiss¡ons from cars react w¡th .rnl¡nnt ¡n nrm¡¿. .i¡lt
the relat¡ve pronoun where possible.
atmospheric cond¡t¡ons.
g The countr¡es whose ¡ndustr¡al economies have a The guest house at wh¡ch we stayed when we were in
Prague was r¡ght ¡n the city centre
accelerated almost overnight, namely china and lndia,
a
l
have the worst air pollution.

; h The industr¡es which pollute the most are those which b The couple with whom we shared our table at lunch were
5 use fossil fuels like coal. from Poland.
o
E i To date, the US president who has done most to improve
cn
CO2 emissions in that country is President Obama. c The travel agency through which we booked our holiday
was excellent.
.É 2 Complete these sentences with appropriate relative
pronouns. There may be more than one possible answer. Add
= commas if the clause is non-definlng. d The tour, about which we had heard so much, was
a The 10.05 from London to Nonvich is due definitely worth going on.
to arrive at Platform 1 will call at Colchester, lpswich and
Nonruich.
e The audio guide, without which we would have been lost,
b We'll have the party next Fr¡day is the day was available in several languages.
he comes out of hospital.
c The golden eagle eggs are stolen by f The holiday, to which weh looked fonvard so much, was
unscrupulous collectors is now an endangered spec¡es. over too soon.
d What's the name of the girl - got married to
Chris Small? ls it Louise?
e Can you think of any
- reason he might have
done it?
f I don't know of any restaurants
- you can get
a decent meal for under Lts.
g What's the name of that singer record was
number one last month? The one writes his
own songs.
-

56
 L9
'orluac u^ o] aq] u! uollnllod
Jo ]unoue oq] osnpor plnoM no/i'soFueL,lc palsoBBns all] paluaue¡du¡ noÁ ¡¡
'sasnq pue slxe]
'soM olle Á¡uo pue reqlaBo]le erluoc umo] ot.ll olul FuloB uorJ srec ueq plnoc no
^
',i¡eles sa),¡lq roq] aneo¡ uec e¡doed ereqnn's¡cer elc,iclq orotu llelsut plnoqs no¡ c
'arluoc umo] aL{} o}ur }iodsuei} ooll aprnord plnoc no,i pue 'Fur>1red deeqc Ll}r/v\ u/v\o}
aql oprslno ¡red )eJ e plrnq plnoc no^ 'oulaqcs oprJ-pue-y rcd e acnpollut plnoc no^ q
'or.uoL.l le srec JraLl] o^eal o]
e¡doed elernocue ]LlElrx 1r 'enrsuedxo oJour oJluoc u/v\o] oL1] u! Fu!>4red epeu no,i ¡¡ e
'en¡ssed eql Fulsn Á¡¡euro¡ erou seep! aseql elUA aU T
Uodau -ZredButlrr¡¡
@
:f
!
C
f
o
l- 'A0o¡ou qce+
ro +J I II
o-oLl+-Jo-o+o+s opn cu I l/!\ tlol t l/v\'¡ o¡¡dso ¡1
rvtut eA3 0u¡A¡1 /v\eu o Ou¡p¡¡nq uo0eq SIB¿¡O 'l,l,OZ ul '- (B)
cn
# oNtlg puo uol+uene¡d (¿) ul selilunu:uroc elocq+looLl
c,
9NOUTS looollo se¡1lllqodoc eq¡ (e) st SteUg 'senOoelloc rloLl+
ilcoo+ ujn+ ul oq/v\ 'sJeIJo/v\ oros e^e puo sro+cop locol ou¡u¡o.t1Ag
I3S
.Suo|llltlJ}o-(g)eq+pe^oSpUoseu+unocB/o+pelle^o]+
soq ¡o1¡dso¡1 eA3 Ou¡A¡¡ SISUO otl+ '¿BóL ul oururDr6o¡d +srl] s+l eculs
,l,\oNx 'sorn+col puo Oululol+ uo-spuotl r.l0norL¡+ slllls puo (?)
¡oc¡Orns Jlorl+ uo ssod o+ elqo oJo/v\ senb¡uqco+ +so+Dl ot.l+ ul
poulpl+ srolcop '¡o1¡dsot¡ CIu¡tlcoel louol+cun,t o o+ul pe+ro^uoc
^llnj
so/v\ r¡clrlrvveuo¡d B-CC oclnles-Jo-+no uD jo (e)
orl+ o+ s)tuDL1l '¡o¡¡dsoq fue0rns eÁe
-
e¡¡qou o so/v\ uo!+nlos slH
'seuurorOord
--
6u¡u¡oJ+ soes:e^o u¡ 0u¡1od¡c¡¡od tuo4 sog+unoc
:lNlcloSr l oseLl+ ulJJo+s (¿) lsour pe+uonerd uogopoululocoo
NOIIVN pUD|e^o{-(¡),uo¡1¡n+}os+so3l.]0lt.1ot]+loq+pe^lesqo
uo+Dd rC 's0/óL eq¿ 6u¡rnp ppo^ Ou¡do¡enop eLl+ lnoq6notq¡
ON:IIXI (0) Oulttenor+ re+JV 'uo+od pt^og rC Jo oepl eLl+ so/!\ Slg¿l6
'(o) BuluulFeq aq¡ le etduexa
ue s! aJar.ll 'oull otues oql u! deF etll u! stlt leql pto/n e ruJoJ ol seull aql lo otuos
to pue eql le slelldec u! uenrF pro/n aLll asn '^ olaq lxal eql peer 'g-tr suol¡senb lo¡ T
r ]red qstlSul Jo asn pue Eulpeau
 Reading and Use of Engtish Partz
1 You are §oing to read an article about four entrepreneurs who put forward their
business ideas to potential investors on a TV show called Dra§ons' Den. For questions
L-LO, choose from the entrepreneurs (A-D). The entrepreneurs may be chosen more
than once.
C A James Halliburton:The llloom Balloon
.9 r The Dragons saw the business potential of Mr Halliburton's
'ro
+J
invention - a glowing balloon which kept keys afloat when
o
C they fell into water - and he initially accepted a fl200,000
.E
offer for a 25a/a stake in his company. However, Mr
c) r Halliburton later changed his mind because when he was
l{
' .1J testing out his invention, he came up with an even better
tr idea. 'When I saw how excited my next-door neighbour's
young sons were about an illuminated balloon, I knew there
was an opportunity to tap into that with an innovative new
ro product. lt left me in no doubt that I could do it on my own,
safe in the knowledge that I had an even bigger project in
the pipeline.'The llloom Balloon is simply a reinforced balloon
fitted with a tiny LED light inside, which glows brightly when
it is inflated. Mr Halliburton continued, 'l took a gamble by
rs Irot going with the Dragons' cash, but it has really paid offl
B Kirsty Henshaw: Freedom Desserts
Kirsty Henshaw secured a deal after impressing the investors
on Dragons' Den. Kirsty decided to create her own range
of dairy-free frozen desserts when she discovered that her
son, Jacob, had an intolerance to dairy products. She said: 'lt
zs started with my liüle ice-cream maker. Jacob seemed to love
the desserts, which was my main aim. Then I just thought that
maybe it could work as a business as wellj Kirsty admitted
she had been anxious about facing the judges. 'Walking
into the Den was nerve-racking,' she said. 'But hearing the
rs Dragons compliment me and my product made up for all the
hard work. When I first set out, it was very hard. I lived with
my mum and had two jobs to save money to fund my dream.
This opportunity has made me even more determined to keep
on working hard to make the brand a successj
58
C Shaun Pulfrey: The thngle Teezer
w Dragons' Den reject, Shaun Pulfrey, has had his innovative
hairbrush snapped up by a well-known pharmaceutical
company. The device, designed to smooth tangled hair easily,
should make the hairdresser a good profit. Mr Pulfrey was
turned down by the Dragons, who advised him to abandon
:s his idea, saying it was not a worthwhile business project.
Mr Pulfrey said: 'l just made a comment about one of the
panelists colouring her hair to show how useful the product
could be on highlighted hair. The fact that she denied her hair
was coloured made me lose all hopel Despite leaving the
+o show with no investment, he said, 'The whole experience has
been instrumental in my success because of the exposure
it gave me and my product, but the actual success of the
product has been dnven by its ability to do what it says it on
the pack. I knew there was a market for theTangleTeezer.'
D Natalie Ellis:The Road RefresherWater Bowl
¿r Natalie Ellis appeared on the show asking for f 120,000 to
help export her non-spill dog water bowl to America. When
she tearfully admitted that her previous business had failed
after she had a stroke, aged just 32 she won sympathy
from the Dragons but no investment. But viewers were
so impressed, and sales of the bowl have soared since the
show. Natalie was an unusual contestant on Dragons' Den:
unlike most, she did not apply. 'Two researchers approached
me at an awards ceremony and asked me to go on,' she
says. 'l didn't need ínvestment, I just wanted expertise. The
sr story was picked up by the American press and I am now
in talks with US retailers. I want to grow my business over
there then sell it,' adds Natalie, who moves to Chicago at the
end of the month.
 69 ']l olll ],uop noÁ
Áes no,{ }l ele} },uo^ ¡ es¡uotd ¡ ¿edtcel A ou stq} }o ),lult,l} noÁ op }eq6 ?
'pueululB au s,uolev ol ]uelsu! ue ),loo] ¡ 1nq ',iqm eep! ou alell I I
^
'o] no,i ]ue/v\ a¡doed roL.llo se ]ou 'o] ]ue¡n noÁ se alll a^ll pue a¡e1 e
'Á¡yoqs no,( qlrrvr aq lll/vr rl]llus r[ 'sauof st4 '- ue / e ole] aseold p
-
'sorqqoq s,uolplrt¡c Jrotl] ut ue / e e>.le] s,{e¡rle plnol.ls s}uoled c
¡op ]ou plp I Eulqlauos rol aq] axe] o] asnlor ,i¡ap¡osqe ¡ q
-,{u
'#o pled uel{} aJoru peLl }!
]erl] ]nq qol aq] au Eu¡rago ,iq ue / e uoxe] peLl otl panttupe ssoq ,i6¡ e
-
'/v\olaq lsll eql ruoll unou e¡errdordde ue ql!/r^ socualues esaqt a¡e¡duog t alet ql!,l suo¡sserdx¡ o
- Áep Árene rededsmeu otl] peai lo smau
or.l] L{c}e^ o} sl puo/v\ all} ul Eu¡uaddeq s,}eL|/v\ tl}l¡n dn / uo daa4 o} Áem }saq oql t
¡Iro^ poofl eql dn / uo daay'¡vtou dols ],uog '¡¡em ,{¡¡ee; auop oA,no^ e
']t{Elo/vt osol o}
]ue^ no,{rtr lollocle pue spooJÁpe¡¡no /ilodee>1o}o^eq noÁ'lerp e uo ol,no¡i uetlM p
'Lulrl u, / qUn dn dea¡ l,uplnoc I ]eq] ]sel os pallem oH c
'JJo / tno sdael uter oll] se Euol se oprslno uorldacar Eulppa¡n eLll aneLl ll,oM q
ÁcueuBerd leq qBnorLl] lllFu Eulylom dn
lda¡ e¡uog e / uo
'deay ql!/n qJe^ leselqd e¡e¡ldoldde ue eleu ol scrret, u! enlleurolle lcalloc eql esooLlC ¿ dee»1ql!^ sq¡an ¡eserq¿ Q
'ecueuadxa Jo Xcel sl lleJ sassoursnq /v\au Áqm suoseet ¡ed¡cu¡td / aÉlcultd eql Jo ouo q
'ec!]cerd olur ]nd o] enlsuedxe aq Áetu ]l pq pooF st eapt eq¡'¡ednuUd / eÉlcu¡td u| e 9
C 'Á¡ano¡s
o Fu¡notdtut sr uorlenlts puwouoce / clwouoce ]uollnc aql q
+,
() 'stec ralle¡ uell] unl ol pctwouoce / cftuouoca arou ole srec rolleus ',{¡¡etauag e g
o 'peaocns o] uolleuturelap s,uneqs paJJe plp )4cel q
C ]coJJa / lou ]uotulsonut ]o
.= en
']ueuuor^ue aLll uo lca#a / na1¡e aslanpe ue peq eneq senbtuqca] Fu¡tute¡ ulapohl
o
H
'sado¡enua pue
.t reded Eullu¡n lo ]no unr o^,aM 'fueuollels / r{tauogets a;oru oulos laB o} paau aM q
É,
']! olu!
paqselc pue fueuonels / fuauollels se/v\ ]uorJ ut rec aL{} 1eLl} eapd },up!p soue[ e t
'quel lseot ol tuaweldwoc / wew!Éwoc 1ce¡ed aq] s! acnes ]ull^ q
'lueweÉwoc / luewt¡dwoc e ou s,{ed euoauos uaL,l^ posser;equa }eF sÁem¡e ¡ e ¿
'Uassap / Uasap aq] ul anr^Jns uec LlcrL.lM slueld MaJ aL{} }o euo st sn}cec aql q
'urearc-oc! pue ard a¡dde st Uassap / uesep elpnone¡ Á6¡ e T
'sacualuos eseql u! sclreil u! p¡o/r^ lcolJoc aql osooL{c tr pesnluoc uago spro¡¡ @
Árelnqelo¡
ffi ¿epeu Áaq] elelstuJ e suotluotx
¿euuuerEold eql Eu¡rnp lle] Áaql or.l saqucsop
ffi ^
ffi iura¡qord L{}leoq e,{q partdsut aram,{aq1 moq sute¡dxe
ffi ¿eapl loL.ll u! t,llteJ ]sol Jo^au Áaq¡ s,ies
ffi ¿)4sU e Fulle] suotluoul
ffi ¿ecuerradxe FulsseJlslp e suotlueu
¿lnlasn se^A auuerBord orl] uo EuloB ]etl] s,{es
ffi ¿oxeu o] pell ,iaq] sacltllces oLll suollueu
tffi ¿Jallo ,srolso^ur etl] ]decce ],uplp Áaq1 pesee¡d are Áeq¡ slseBBns
ffi ¿uaLl] enrt p¡noc srolso^ut ot.l] octnpe eL{} ul pa}sele}ul aJo/v\ r{eq} s,{es
ffi uosred qc!q^
 Grammar l'd rather
2 Complete these sentences with one of these verbs in an
Wishes and regrets appropriate form. You will need to make some of the verbs
negat¡ve.
-áat
e; --ñffi*l
-"üif--aliüé-
'iliré
i il-,1t" Plgy _y!.il _ i

a Ithink I'd rather to the cinema than rent

a DVD.
b l'd rather we out tonight for a change. I'm
-=-
tired of cooking.
c I'd rather football than watch it any day.
'Would you like another sandwich?' 'l'd rather

tli I'd rather you

like him very much.
a piece of cake.'
Patrick to the party. I don't

f Would you rather I _

-- you after eleven? I don't

rl want to wake you up.

I'd rather than be a passenger, wouldn't
€] you?
l'd rather too early. I hate being the first
MT
:
C
o
-r=

o
ro
-g N-f,-s,r,,
r person there.
We'd rather you
very busy at the moment.

It's time
us next month. We're both

C
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs 3 Read these situations- and write an appropriate sentence
rO in brackets. beginning with lt's time.
,t{
,+,
,.E
a I wish I (have) straisht hair! a lt's half past seven. You get up at half past seven every
b I'm so tired. I wish I (nol / go) to bed so day. What do you say to yourself?
late last--night. -==- It's time
c I wish I (can) afford to run a car like that. You are thirty years old and you still live with your
-- parents. Your friend thinks you should Set your own place.
d I wish you (put) your dirty socks in the
laundry basket What does he say?
-_*- and not drop them on the floor!
Darren wishes he _-- (remember) to buy his Don't you think it's time
g¡rlfr¡end a birthday present. c Your mother asked you to put the lamb in the oven at
f I wish I (not / live) in the countryside. twelve o'clock. lt's twelve o'clock now. What does your
There's nothing to do! sister say to you?
-''.-
Tony wished he (work) harder at school and lsn't it time
(Bet) some qualifications. d Your doctor thinks you should have a holiday. What does
Susan felt sick and wished she (not eat) so she say to you?
much chocolate. It's time
Peter wishes he (be) taller so that he could
see better at football matches.
I wish Alison -- (hurry up)! I'm fed up with
waitin§.
Don't you sometimes wish you (not / §et
married) so young?
I I wish it (stop) raining. I want to play tennis.
m -=- she _
Mary wishes (learn) to swim when she
was young.
I wish I _-- (listen) to my brother's advice.

60
 I9
raqlesM peq oL,l] oueld aLll
voor
'peq se/v\ iar.llea/v\ all] LlBnoL,l]le au!] uo ual aueld aLlI
¿rauurp ro] alrl plno^ noÁ leL,l/v\ noÁ aAeH
GNll l
¿rauulp rol aM plno/v\ no/i ]eL{/v\ poplcop noÁ oAeH
'osrou aLl] ]noqe oJoL.ll
lVU]A3S
'asrou oll] lnoqe pourelduoc o^eq aldoad ouos
leele3 E SE FUISINU
13uclu
roojec e se Fursrnu asoqc | /ijros lou tu,l
'pu!ru ],uop no/i Jl 'alouts
U3HIVU
'pulrx ],uop nor{ }t 'a¡ous o} }ou no,{ le¡ald plno/v\ | z
)aruea au I
HSI/v\
rarueo au lla] ],uplp no,i Alld e S,]l T.
'eBe s¡q ouoauos lo¡ se;nBtl uosef
ooo0
C uosef
'eEe srq auootuos roJ llo/v\ salnF!] dn sppe O
.9
(o lldWVX3
o
C '(g) e¡duexo ue s! oJaH 'uenlF pto/r^ oql Fu!pnlcur 'sptotvt a^¡¡ pue o^ ] uee^ ¡aq
.E osn lsnu no^'uenlF pJo/n eql eFueqc lou oO 'uenlB pro/n eUl Eulsn 'ecueluas lsIU eql
o ol Fulueeu relluls e seq ll leql os acuoluas puoces etll elelduoc'g-tr suo¡¡sanb lo¡ T,
r{
#
C,
,lred L{stlSul Jo osn pue Eulpeau
 Vocabutary
phrasal verbs if you need to' Then
1 Use a dictionary to check the meaning of these
@ Pnrasal verbs with make verb in an appropriate form'
complete the gaps in these sentences with an appropriate

i make into make out make uP make up for make uP to sb

hiffi§ illffitrlffiü
only slightly
a The compensation we received from the travel company
our disastrous holidaY.
b l'm so sorry I forgot your birthday. l'll it ----- you' I promise!

c Sam and Anna their spare bedroom a study' We could

do the same. -
d Why do doctors have such illegible handwriting? You can
never what

they've written.
e Andy arrived late as usual. He some excuse about the train being late'
grid. Words can go across or down'
Compound adiectives 2 The answers to these clues are hidden in the
a Someone who cares about others is kind-- '

clearly only if it is very close to them is

b someone who can see something
-
c A person who has a very hi$h opinion of themselves is b¡g--.- '

d Another word for attractive to describe a person is good-- '

e Someone who is relaxed and happy to accept things is -go¡ng'

f Memories which bring pleasure mixed with sadness are bitter-- '

C g A change which is likely to have a lot of si$nificant effects is -reaching

o
+J
(o
h A person whose skin is brown from exposure to the sun is sun-- '

o i The opposite of sensitive for a person is -skinned'

c
.E jTheoppositeofmodernisold.=----.
o k Another word for transparent is -through'
-to-wear'
F{

#c I The opposite of made-to-measure is

R KZSW E ET PRSEE
) EWHE A DE - DSCXL
S FOOD L oo KINGA
E FASH I ON EDMOT
A JIRF T RE TCHYA
S CGEA I EK HRACN
Y MIAR Y ET IORON
E aNDl N HB CEDLE
K IAYA E FI KVUDD
A OLIL C RS HORTE
H EART E DY EBDAS
in brackets'
complete these sentences with an adjective related to the word
(innovation) ideas are the result of trying to find a solution to a
a Most
problem.
b The most (success) ideas are often the simplest'
but now they are
c When colour TVs first came onto the market, they were expensive,
very _- (afford).
d you don,t need to be particularly to desisn a new product'
e (number) inventions are patented every year'

62
-(artist)
 E9
']eociltul sr ,lenlceJ, Jo altsoddo eq1 o
'allt] Jo laqunu e q]lM ,{¡¡ensn 'Iooq e Jo uor}cas e}eredes e sr enqdlc 1 p
'cla 'ul4 fe¡d '¡enou e ,to fuo1s eL,ll tulo] ]el,l] sluana Jo satJos otl] s! dllo V c
'uosred ]eq],iq uo]]um altl s,uosred e 1o ¡{ro}s eq} sl d¡en?qooQlÁte uV q
's^lo/a/u e sr slo^ou sollr/v\ oqm uosred y e
'soouoluas eseql elalduoc ol spJo^ l,uJoJ ol sJelle! eull eFuel¡eeu
'JoqlnÉ s¡q1 Áq srour pear ol luem ¡¡¡r* noÁ il pear noÁ ¡ 1eq1as¡u.ro-rd
I aawelenfr ¡ ansse U) l'pua q 0u1uu¡6eq ¡ ñu¡so¡c a1 Ewuado / ttstutt ot ¡-lets (g)
uro.r¡ 6u¡¡an¡; ¡ §u¡dd¡t6 ¡ art¡s¡nduoe (g) sr lr asnecaq ,{.ro1s s!r{l pueurutocor plnom I
'fie ral¡E 1q0¡.1 a;ann Áaql Jl rapuoM turq saleu lxeu s;eadda /, séwo§
¡ sueddeq (r) ]sqM 'acuaplcuroc e lsn[ sl ]l slulq] aH 'suracuoc srtl a^orlaq l.usaop
ppt{c aqt parü^llap oqm ro}aop sr{j 'do1 aql le Áo} e raAo paddul spq sqs 'srlets aq} }o
looJ aqt Ie peüp 6u¡Á¡ a3¡nor §lq pug ot lrol'a u¡or, auoq soriloc aq 'Áep aug 'sllels aql
¡o do1 aql le qa¡ ,{¡sno¡.la}sr{w sr{o1 spu¡¡ aq uaqm r{¡luere¡¡¡p lutr4l o} sup}s oq uaq} tnq
's6ultll 6ulut6eul st aJIM slL{ slulr{l 'pueqsnq raq 'pl^B6l raq llp,l ol 6urfut sr pecurnuoc
sl a{.ls or{M'pllr{c aql rot parlsr{ e sdo¡anep pue qp¡q §u¡n¡0 se¡p lsourle 'aollv'a}t4,1
aq¿ Aqeq E e^eL{ oqr* a¡dnoc pCIuleul-,{¡rddeq e ¡o ,{.ro1s aq¡ sa,r¡6 / satep) / silat G) ll
'au uo uo¡ssa.rdur¡6uot¡s / 6lq ¡ a1n¡(A e apeu auo slt,l] lnq 'sarrols Uoqs
pue sla^ou Áse1ue¡ pue uorlcry acuarcs Aueu aloJM &nqperg ,{eg '&nqpetg z(eg roLl}ne
C
o uecHaurv aL$ Aq pauuad ¡ paqpcsap / usuuw 11¡ Á.ro1s uor{s e s! .utssessv lleus aq1.
+,
ro
o 'lcerrocu!
C
.g s! leql eserqd ro plo/n eql esootlc L-T suo¡¡senb Jol '/rtolaq A e!^eJ looq eqt peog T
o
H Mar^au - zued 8ul1u¡¡
.1J
c
1u ,,o,r ne,q'Ásq},e, nB e,q,JE sd,§,r:¡oseq o¿,tlg,lfilun oJE slsed ]g,['lBtll §Iultlt /v\eJpuv'
:
1....ig.}ue.uI.eftoJ.¡aeu.esáq¡s'eq.¡e0Á]áÁe.a¡o,+eq.aq'ltl.}i
I:i
:f"i ,-,1'',,1,,,, lgpg6¡i;,6,b.ffi o:} pua ue }nd plnoc ÁEolouqgaf
^il€N
' '"0"u" e oneq lluv\ aJnlnt oql lo sJeO
'oJourJ aql ul dE$ á-*n ol,enullttw fillñ'g^¡r ss^slleg ¡Aelpuv
,1,,
.,oqlll^^ulB}ugulFulnl|a¡doedJo}u,a|qo¡dlseFFlqet{I
: .-- ', § xn$* ÁFelnstped sq }ou tq,Frul u
" ,-' ,-tuo§,sdi}
u! Jeqloue o¡ ece¡d CIuo rrro;J la EJl ol elqe eq ll!/v\ noÁ se lery ssal asn ll!/v\ no^
,.'Áaurno[rnoÁ enu¡¡uoe noÁ eloJsq
'i:
a
'rl
'eserqd uol.ls ¡o pJo/r^ e qt!/n secuelues eql aleldtuoc'otr-T suollsenb Jol 'otnlnt aql u!
le^erl lll/t a^ /noq lnoqe llel e FulnrB qlnos erpuv pallec uetu,e ¡eaq II!/v\ no^ 0T'T (|. T
^
zred Eulualsrl
 Listening Part 1
8 You hear a man asking for information.
What is the man trying to do?
f {} 1.11You will hear people talking in eisht different A buy a computer
situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer
(4, B or
B buy books
C).
C join a library
1, You hear a woman talking about people of different
nationalities.
What did she use to assume about people who used
gestures?
Vocabu[ary
A that they were foreign
B that they were strange Q enrasal verbs with stíck
C that it was normal 1, Replace the verbs in italics in these sentences with the
You hear someone being interviewed about learning a correct form of stick and one of these words.
language. out of to together up for
What does the speaker say about the family he lived
with? a When I was little, my bi§ brother always helped and
protected me.
A They always spoke to him in English.
C
o b The employees are realizing that, if they are united,lhey
+, B They were teachers at the local college. can win an increased pay offer.
((]
.9 C He learned a lot of Thai from them. c I really admire the way she has continued to work hard at
C
f You hear someone talking about her oldest friend. that job even though she's found it really tough.
E
E How do the two friends keep in touch? d I'll always help and support my children whatever they do.
o
(J A by writing to each other e That's my story and I'm not changingil.
r{ B by phoning each other every month f He tore his trousers on a nail that was protrudin§from the
F{

.11
C by visiting each other several times a year wall.
c
You overhear two friends talking about an interview.
say, speak, talk, tell
What does the man tell the woman to avoid?
A blinking 2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of
these four verbs: say, speak,talk,tell.
B staring
a I asked my father if I could borrow his car and he
C eye contact yes.
You hear a man talking about his first lie. -
b Did I ever you the story of how I broke my
What happened when the speaker and his mother leg?
returned from shoppi ng?
c l'd love to be able to ltalian. lt's such a
A His mother discovered the medicine. romantic language.
B He hid the medicine in a cupboard. d Apparently, George Washington never a lie.
C He took more of the medicine. e There's no point in being shy. You've just got to
You overhear a conversation between two people.
- -
your mind.
What situation are they talking about? f He just wouldn't stop . ln the end, I put the
phone down.
A getting stuck in rush hour traffic
B being stopped by the police
C a car breakdown
You hear a novelist talking about her work.
What were her views about it?
A that it was unlikely to be published
B that an agent would find it interesting
C that it needed to be rewritten

64
 99
'txro] lo pua aq]
loJ-}.uec}Sn[l]eaÁSlL|},iept¡oqJaUUnSÁu-Á¡¡ealu.¡'
C
'¡¡em saoB
Bultlilrene | 'pualoa/v\ all] ]e ycnl poog a
.9 le}sls,{tA p
+,
((,
req dea¡ ],ulsnu eM 'L{cunl Jo} sn
.9 ¿qof mau rno,i Burue]s no,{ ery c
C
= 'SlnoLl O/vq
E
Á¡reeu roJ o] peq aM 'luaplcoe ue Jo osnecoq paÁe¡ep se^ uter] alll q
E
o
(J .passedoA,l-}Sn[l'tvtouÁep,iues1¡nsalUexo¡{uteFo}-le
t+
- -*
t{ oi óre^ól ,tool .d"ü iJáo*J i
' lit^
#c, -'/noleq sqJel eql lo ouo lo ruJol lcarroo eql ql!^ secuelues osor.ll a¡e¡duo3 g sq¡ol Fu¡sn¡uo3
ssolr.llnr 7
pa^resoJ I
FuloFlno e
enrsuadxaur p
c
Eu!oB-,isee q
3ndJn? e
erlleFau orolN
'e¡duexe
ue se euop s! auo lsrlt oril'e r¡orl spJo/rl e¡e¡rdordde aql ql¡/n elqel s¡q¡ e¡e¡dtuo3
'eBe slul Jo ueu e )ol UlnqJla/u s,aH F
'Áze¡ A¡eer ore sselc ,{ru ur s}uopn}s ot.l} Jo iv\et V I
'^ orniolur or.l] ro¡ saol.ls deaqc orom aH e
'uos.¡ad p/oc rorller e JaLl pull I ]nq 'Fullserelur ,{ran s,aqs p
'eur o] luapuuoua^o suaos eH c
'uosled Jo Uos pauw)elap,iuard e s,.leqlo.lq ,{[A q
'rnoqqBrau roop-]xau Áesou,{¡¡ear e }oF aA,oM e
'seceds aql u! N ro d alUM
¿spulueau¡ enlleFeu ro anr¡rsod aleq sacuelues eseql u! sclret, ut spro/r^ eql oO e sFu¡ueeru ¡elluls tltlm selllcefpv
 Reading and Use of Engtish Part 6
1 You are goingto read an article about unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Six sentences
have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits
each gap (1-6).There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

r Visitors from space are the subject of many 2Oth-century
fairy tales, yet millions of normal people sincerely believe
that they are real.ffi But is there any real proof ?
The first recorded case of this kind was in the 1950s, when
r George Adamski claimed that he had been given rides in
flying saucers belonging to people from Venus, Mars and
Saturn. ffiAnother early case of alien kidnapping took
place a few years later in 1961, when an American couple,
Betty and Barney Hill, saw a UFO while driving home one
ro night in New Hampshire. The couple stopped to observe
the UFO through binoculars and thought they could see
people aboard. To escape from what they were sure was
c an alien spaceship, they took the back roads and arrived
o
+, home two hours late. A week later, Mrs Hill began to
((]
.9 rE dream that they had not escaped, but had been taken on
C
f board the spaceship and medicalty examined. ffil-l
St","
E even described how she had seen a star map, marked with
E maybe because as human beings we need to believe
o the aliens' trade routes.
L)
Fl ffin-lff",is extraordinary event happened in a small town
F{
JN
zo Arizona, when a team of woodcutters who were working in
c, a remote forest area returned home with a strange story of
how one of their group had disappeared in the forest. They
had, apparently, seen their friend Travis Walton knocked
unconscious by a blue-green light from a flying saucer.
:s They found this so terrifying that they did not stay to see
what happened next but drove off as fast as they could.
ffi He said he had woken up on the UFO and found
himself surrounded by creatures with no hair and with halt
formed faces. These 'people' then put a mask over his face
:o ánd he fell asleep again. He claims that he remembered
nothing else until he awoke in the forest near to where he
had disappeared.
At the time, his story received national publicity, some
people calling it the most impressive case of its kind.
,r mil Now, three decades later, and despite the fact that
there is absolutely no hard evidence that the earth has
ever received visitors from space, the results of several
American surveys indicate that the majority of people are
convinced that there are such things as UFOs.
+o This suggests that people want flying saucers to exist,
that we are not alone in the universe or that there are
in superior beings capable of showing us how to survive in an
increasingly hostile world. This probably explains the lasting
+s popularity of films and books involving UFOs and aliens
of all kinds. Two of the most well-known, Ef and Close
Encounters of theThird Kind, were massive box office hits.

66
 L9
'peureluol uoslad eql Sutlleluo) ]snI Jo 'elnpaq]s Áltep e Eut8ueql sP qlns
'uorlfe jo eslnol e Jelle (8) Janlalal eql sasnel uolleLu:olu! 0tl1
Ue}}o'Á¡snoaue1uodsln:ro-(¿)sp:omU3^esaUl}eu]oSJo,sUolsl^
'supeJp '1q8noq1¡o sluaru8eJl u! euio) o] suleas Euorm st Eurqtrauos ]eLli 8ut¡ea¡
alll 'eluplslp e 19¡ uosrad raLllo eq] o1 la8uep eql lo ale/Y\P sl
lenpr^rpur uV
']uapnle ue ul pallll lo patnlut (S) seL{ pual:} lo
eAtlelej e uall,l\ slstjf +o saut] ur A¡snoeueluods rnrlo Áqtreda1a1,o saluPlsul
}Sotx}eLl1SUeaS}l.t]]leeseJ]ul}ual]S}opa[qnse-(?),{|snotlas
Á¡8utseat:UlUale}8uraqsrÁqieda¡a1,uano:dÁ¡¡e:gt1ual]S-(€)
q8noql¡y'slenpt^rpul pegls lo s:tls,{ul utepal1o Á1r¡rqe ¡et:eds e se papteBal
Sl-(¿),SJeq}oUlellLlfl\,ft¡n:e¡UPUnLlesepa1daffeslAqteda|at
C
o ,sautEt:oqVUel|PJ}snVeLl}SP-([)S3l}al]osleqlliUl.puofl\eq}Je^o
+J
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.9 llp punoJ aq uel Aq1edalatr ¡o tamod eql ul ]allaq V
C
f esn eL|} }noqit¡A spultu uae/yueq uor}Plrunuuor suPstu ¡iqledatet
E .g
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=
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^
zued qsrlSul Jo asn pue Sulpeau
]seEFns q reeddes¡p p
anresqo F oSul^uoS c 'uootu or.l] Jo opls leJ aLll uo sa!]!c
eleclpu! I apnlcuocq ol rrl!r.,| uele] pel.l uauom Euno,{ InJt}neaq o/vu }el,l} ples oH
o^arloq e 'xeoq e se^ ,irols oq] ]eq] popnlcuos
]srxa e ---frrpq--
sesec A3¡ saleBllsenut ]eLl] uollezueBrc ue 'leneano¡1
¿olclue aql uor¡ sqra^ eseql ol palele, sunou aql eJe leq^ a
'suarle ¡{q paddeuplx
Eu!,{JUret q ol!]sor,l p
- uono ro pa]!st^ ,.""0 aneq Áeq1]eq] uleluteu e¡doed euog l
rouedns B snoue] c
VSn aLl] u¡ ece¡d yool lle ¡o ,sEu¡ddeup!),1,
lear t lnlrlneaq q snouel ]sotx otl] Jo ouo '9¿6T ul 'ta1e¡ s.lee,{ uaounol o
leuorleu e -TmúTzpuv- Eulzeue e 'Oln e ,{q paddeupt¡ Á¡luetedde'6¿67
¿alc!ue Jaqruacag Bu¡rnp IeaM e roJ pareaddeslp euleluol IUerJ C
or.ll ruorl serllce[pe eseql o] pa]ete, sunou aq] ele leq^ tr 'd¡qsaceds aq] uo slua^o ]o
Eu¡p¡¡nq Pro/n ]unocce pallelop e lslrlelLlc¡{sd e eneB eqs 'stsoud,{q lapun I
O '¡üols Bulzeue Á¡¡enbe ue
ÁrelnqeloA L1lrl auoLl paurnlal Ja]]ncpoon Eu¡ss¡ur eql'lelel s,{ep ent3 V
 Grammar
Conditionals 1, Complete these conditional sentences usin§ the correct form of the verb in brackets.
a lf we're home early tonight, we =- (go) swimming with you.

b lf Paul drinks coffee at ni§ht, it -'--- (take) him ages to get to sleep'
c lf Anna hung her clothes up, her room (not look) so untidy.
d lf I see your father in the next hour, I _-*--- (tell) him you're looking for him.
e lf Andrew hadn't been so rude, his colleagues (not stop) talking to him.
f My mother never gives people lifts in her car if she (be) on her own'
g The car seat (not get) wet if you--had closed the window.
h My grandfather can't see very well if he ---- (not have Éot) his g¡lasses on.
¡ I =--- ---.(phone) you if I can't get there.
j You'd be better at tennis if you (practise) more regularly.

2 Rewrite these sentences as Type 2 or 3 conditional sentences.

EXAMPLE

He's tired because he works all the time.

tf he didn't work all the time, he wouldn't be tired.
a Sue was ill, so she didn't go to the party.

b I don't often go to the theatre because there isn't one in my town.

C
o
+,
«l Jeff couldn't play football because he'd broken his leg.
.9
C
=
E d My mother never goes swimming because She'S afraid of water.
E
o
(J

F{
e I'd like to buy a yacht, but I haven't got f,100,000 to spare.
l{

.1J
tr It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.

g I can't send her a postcard because I don't know her address.

h He walked into the road sign because he wasn't looking where he was going.

Choose the correct word or phrase in these sentences.

a You'll be late unless / provided that you leave now.
b I'll give you a lift in my car as long as / unless you don't smoke.
c lf / Unless you don't stop eating, you're going to make yourself ill.
d I'm sure we'll have a good holiday, provided that / unless the weather's good.
e lf / lJnless you tell me what's wrong, I can't help you.

68
 69
'uorplrtlc
alecnpo o] aEenauel esn sjeqcee] qclLuv\ ur Áe^ ell] sl elduexa Jeelc raLllouv r.l
'saBenFuel Llloq smoul ot.l^ uosJed reqloue uorl d¡eq peeu ,{eu
osrnu ro rolcop raql Áq ua¡ods eBenFuel oll] Jo Fulpuelsiopun rood e L.llr/v\ sluorled F
'JJels u! uo!]e^lloru Jo lcel ul llnsor
,{¡qelrnaur }sotule llrl suor}ezue?rc ur uor}ecrunuuoc }o sourl .rood '¡serluoc Ág t
'senBee¡¡oc pue sreFeueur rall] Jo ,{1r¡rqe aql
uorlsenb o] Uels seeÁo¡dtre ¡¡ Á¡¡ercedse 'sue¡qord reqynJ ur ]lnsar uec uln] ur srr.ll e
'e^oqe secuelues puoces pue lsrll eql ql!/r^ q-a sacualuos pJltll osaql qclefl Z
'sJauleq leuorloua 1o dn Eul]]as aLl] pue
sBurpuelsropunsru o] peal uec uorlecrunuuoc rood ece¡dlJofl\ aq] ul 'e¡duexe ro¡ v
'see,{o¡dura rorl} Áq pelsnrl aq o},ile>l!t aJour are suor}ecrunuuoc
leurolur ur UoJJa pue aur] ]sanur oqm sreÁo¡due 1eq1Á¡realc u/v\or.ls sel,l r.lueosou t
']uotxleol] ]corocur uano ro srsoulelp Fuor¡vr e Fu¡pn¡cur 'slcolJo
snorjos o^eq uec'uorlecrunLuuroc ur u^ opleajq e;o 'uorlecrunuujoc o^llcoJJaul z
'tuotl] o] Fulualsll pue Fulllel ¡iq ualpllt,lc rno qlt^ suotlcouuoc
osolc rlsrlqelsa enn 'sluared se 'qcrq¡n ur ,{e¡n oll} aq plno/v\ slr.l} }o a¡duexe aldu!s V I
sacualues puocas
'orec leclpour ¡ilrlenb-qBll,l Jo oJnlea]
lerluassa ue sr sluolled rlaqt pue sosrnu 'srolcop uoo/v\]oq uorlecrunuuroc anrlca¡Jl O
C
'uorlecrunuuoc onrlcaJJo uo spuadep ssaccns 'alrl ueurnq 1o lcedse Árena ]soule ul
C 'uaq] qlrm sdrqsuo!]eloJ Eu¡ruro; Jo pue e¡doed Jor.llo oul ol EulneB
o ^
+,
(t) lo ]cedse lerluasso ue sr eBenBue¡ uor,uuoc e puelsropun pue osn o1Á1r¡rqe aql I
.9 'suorlezrueFro eFrel JoLllo pue sarueduoc ulr.lllm sdrqsuorle¡er Eur¡rorn anrlcnpord
C
= onarqce o] JopJo ur uorlecrunuuoc Jo sourl pooB L1srlqelso o] lerluosse sr V ]l
E
E sacualues Fu¡uedg
o
(J '/rtol IoJ Áeq¡ secueluas
l{ Fuluedo aql q]!,v\ sacualuas puocos aqt qclen 'uolleclunuuoc ¡o s¡cedse uo selclye
l{
uorl ualel ueeq aheq i-,t, sacualuos puocas pue O-V sacualuas ls¡U Fuyvrollol aql tr
.ü
al]trv -zted 8ut1ll¡¡
 Listening Part 3

f {} 1.12 You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about juvenile crime.
+, For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker says. Use the letters only
.9 once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.
U
o
a A Vandals should be punished.
§I B Parents are responsible if their children break the law.
Fl
C I sympathize with young people.
Speaker 1 ffi
.ü
c,
D Fear of crime affects people's lives.
Speaker 2 ffi
E I blame the society we live in today. Speaker 3 ffi
F Young people don't respect anyone. Speaker 4 ffi
G Parents can't always control their children.
Speaker 5 ffi
H Pressure from others is often to blame.

Reading and Use of Engtish Partz

1 You are go¡ngto read an article on page 71 about shoplifting. For questions 7--LO,
choose from the sections (A-E).The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which paragraph
states that shoplifters feel they are treated wrongly? ffi
explains how some people make a career out of shoplifting? ffi
gives the writer's opinion about what should be done about the situation? ffi
says that many shoplifters worry about being arrested? ffi
suggests that all kinds of people can be shoplifters? ffi
gives the most common reason why people consistently shoplift? ffi
states that peer pressure often causes some people to shoplift? ffi
states the writer's assumption that the reader will agree with his view? ffi
says that some shoplifters believe their actions are justified? ffi
describes a point of view which is different from the writer's? ffi
70
 fL
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auocoq oqm e¡doad 1o reqrunu aq+ acnpor ¡11nn ¡¡11doqs oL.lM
a¡doad o+ soor^res pue seu.ru.rer0otd papeau 0ur;anr¡ep ou
pup ulolqord aq1+noqe ssouoreme crlqnd 0ur*¡eg '¡ueso;d
aq A¡rsea ueo +losouo prpmor o+ orsop aq+ pup ,$urqlou
ro,t 0urqlauuos 1e0, o1 uorlelduol oL{} 's}ll §,uoslad e u1
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s^ qorJ 'e¡doad peq s^ poo0 +o onssr up +ou sr 1¡ '0ur¡queO sE
ro s0nrp 0ur¡e1 '0ur¡ur,rp '0urlealeno o+ JelruJrs - ssoJls
pue arnssa"rd qlnn 0urdoc 1o Aenn slErrdoJddiBrjl:JoilIOuE
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0urga0 ,Lo prer+E orp pue 'op Aeqi +BqM inoqu ou*ar
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lo paluer.{se 'Ái1rn0 sa
lao} sro}+r¡doqs ¡euorssa¡CI;d-uou }sor-u
ol peeu Á4r,.¡¿ : q0noqi uaAJ 'urB0e pue ureOe 11 0urop sprene$+ §a¡1nd a;e
'oouo+]o eq1 0urleader uuorl LUoq] luena;d d¡aq
lroddns ro d¡eq eq1 uanr0 0ureq +ou pue slpuruJrJ3 pauapJell 0§ ,{ar{}',t{0ltl, srq11aCI oi sl }l Ásee anoq CIurz¡1uei,'puy'sen11
qllM lreI olur uMoJr..{} Á¡drurs 0ureq sr 'JaAo^ACI!¡ '}uo$áJ us}+o Jlsl4+ ursseurddequn Joqlo Jo uorssordap 'uor¡u;pn,"U le0ue
sropuo,+o +eL4M'1qCInec uoqm paqsrund aQ pfno{§.Áaq¡, 1o sOurlaa+ raq+ saleurur¡a l\¡uerodural LlsnJ aurleuoJpe
o^arloq uor+orppe ro +rqpq e pado¡anop a^EL,l oqm sJaU¡¡doqs srrll'rllosl esrpuEqf,Jollr aq+ ueq+ JoLllpJ ,piEAAo.J tnJl, ce
+soLU ielll sl Auo.rr eq¡'+! d¡aq 1,uec Á¡¡ua; Áaqtr esnecaq or]l sl noi\ ¡¡e1 ¡¡rnrr Aueuu q3lqM e ujaq}:§an.r§ os¡e
lpols oi Áe¡o s,+r r.Lror.,ll 0ur¡¡el oIll sl slt{Jrusl ,Jtppe ue sr 0uri¡¡doqS'pJeMeJ oq+ soseor3ur "q0!q, as¡pr,lUqafsul lbq+
eneq i\aql ploi ro i(¡1ue0 paleer+ aq lou 'lte[o] o0 plnoqs ,0uri1r¡doqs, MoL{ ees A¡rseo uec noÁ pue Joqun+ do}s ouo }l
+J
o a{sl'so^lasLuaq} premar a¡doed Áe¡n ÁrBu.r¡;d ,§e,,Su¡¡ea
'ú 11r¡doqs oqm a¡doe¿, 'Áes Aeql 'sno¡norprJ sr uorlcrppe uE o
o sr 0ur11r¡dot{s +eq} eepr oql ,'Apeer6 lsnf e;.Aau+,tuuc /{eq}, o1Á¡uo puooas se¡n 0urddoqs +Eq+ puno+ l{pnXsy,i,pJ,€ s"r, s;
a
osJnoo ,tO ¿0ulUl¡doqs dols 1,uec uos;ad e ]EQ) usow nod,' E sCI^fosu;aql 0urnr0 o)ill sl ,0urq1ou ro1 0urqleuos §t4qpñ,
(\
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tr e se 0ur11r¡doqs oas +,uop e¡doed ouos'es;noc rrg
Iil
il ¿Aorj+ op Aqnn
o"-Yt os 'l"ua+lau] tEels
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1snI ere Aaql 'seur+oruos ']l q]lM AB¡¡B 1e0 uec A*U1i1s;s o] o+ 0r
1e0 ol aIrl eM 1eq1 l{uap plnoM sn +o nna¡ 'ÁennÁue leals
+uBM li¡durs ro 'spuorJ+ l\q o+ peOetnocuo oJe 'pJo++p +,uEO onurluoo Aeql lnq 'lfed o1Áauouu oql o^eq ue1¡o,ñaq+ pue
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+soru +nB 'poroq ro pasn+uo3 'pesse;dap ara Aaq4 asnesoq §lenpr^rpur asaL{l'edoc o} (l\+lllqeul ro) l(lrlrqe lauosred .l1eq1
sr +r soLUrlaulos 'sllnpe uror,t A¡1q0r¡s Áren ¡¡r¡dor.ts sflll:snnf pue suorlEnlrs o+rl uoLULUoo o+ polelar A¡1sour 'suoseal +o
Áqnn suoseal oql'u.rnlor ut loeq ¡a§ Áeq¡ai++lfrlAoq pue Alar;en e Jo+ Áaq1 pue 'l\1r-ro[eu aql dn e¡eur osol.ll E
leols
sroqlo o1 enr0 l\eql ¡ea1,feq+ llB ro+ ,¡ceqAed, s,+t 'sraLl+o JoJ 1o dn oppLu sr pusoos sr4l
'sre11r1doqs leuorssolord-uou
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,ssol Jort o+n¡+sqns, E s,+l 'oLuos lo¡ 'JaAaMoq rsanlI Jlaq] pauopJeq pue 's0nrp l{nq o1 lpols oqM 's+orppe ¡$ slslsuoo
ur sseurddpqun oLuos ,
rro asneOaq leals s.re¡¡11doqs lle +oN dnorO +siU oql'sro++r¡doqs 1o sedÁl oM+ ore aroq+ 'li¡lecrseg
,il
 Complete sentences a-d with appropriate words from this
Vocabutary list, making any necessary changes. Some words are used
Cdme vocabulary more than once.

L Put the letters in italícs in the correct order to make words arrest bail ;hrrg"- ;"r*t court l
jury Orobation
i

related to crime. The first letter is in bold. deathpenalty guilty jud$e i

sentence trial verdict

She was errstead by a store detective as she was leaving i

the shop and accused of flipgintosh.
Some people don't consider ragburly a serious crime. But
once you've been re§buld, you never feel entirely safe in
your own home.
He was charged with deepsing - he had been doing sixty
ln England and Wales, when someone who is suspected
of __.- a crime is caught, theY are
by police officers, taken to a police station, and held in
custody. After questioning, if the police believe the person
is guilty of the crime, they will be formally '-=-- .

in a thirty limit - and krind-§indvir. The person usually appears in the next day
People who get into fights at football matches are not
--- The magistrate then
to confirm their name and address.
fans, they are looginahs. decides whether to release them on .

This is a sum of money that someone agrees to pay if

The gumreg pushed the woman to the ground and ran off
with her handbag.
Some people think that painting graffiti is an act of
mailsdanv comparable to smashing up phone boxes.
-_-
the person accused of the crime does not show up at
their . lf the magistrate refuses to grant
bail, the person has to stay in prison until the day of their
--.-
The trial date is usually set several months ahead. lf
the crime is serious, then the evidence will be heard by
a made uP of twelve men and women.
After they have heard all the evidence, they will g¡ve their
. The person is found or not

+)
The is the most important person
in the
.G)
o - --- He or she will decide on the punishment. This
o court room.
a
could range from _- , where someone who has
(\ a minor crime is not sent to prison if they
t{
..rJ behave well over a period of time, to a life---
É,
for the most serious crimes. The =- for murder
was abolished in Great Britain in 1965. However, it still
exists in many US states and other countries around the
world.

@ enrasal verbs with up

3 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of

these verbs and up.

i_*:ñ** *_-ll-l!;1""_
a The boy threw a carrier bag at the shopkeeper and
ordered her to it .

b I was so angry that I the letter

into small pieces.
-
c She the present in pretty gold paper.
d 'lf you - you can have a bar of
all your milk,
chocolate,' the woman said to her son.
e My desk is in su ch a mess. I suppose I'd better
- it
Í everyone! Don't let the food get cold'
g lt took us three hours to the mess after the
party.

-,
-
72
 EL
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 j Alison James said he had transferred the money into my
Grammar account, but it still isn't there.
Probability and possibility Will Maybe you didn't §ive him the right account
number. Have you checked?
L Use a modal verb from the list in an appropriate tense to
rephrase the parts of the sentences in italics. There may be
more than one possible answer. The first one is done as an k Josh Where's Jane? She said she was coming.
example. Tom Maybe she§ coming later.
*,"1t : {9_yl-1:_,,e1;1__-;[.t- J¡ll Denise was looking very fed up after the maths
EXAMPLE
exam.
Wife Was the meal all right? Heather and Dave didn't
eat much.
Chris She always gets top marks in maths, though.
Maybe it's something else that's bothering her.
Husband It
lt was very
verv nice. Maybe thev weren't hun§ry.
Mavbe they hun§rv.

Choose the correct answer in italícs in these sentences.

Sally Well, I suppose it is possible that / misheard the
name. a Joe and Liz can't / mustn't have gone on holiday. Dave
says he saw them yesterday.

Janis said she'd be here by one if she managed

Andrew mustn't / can't be tired. He wants to play another
round of golf.
to get away. lt's quarter past now, so l'm sure she
isn't coming. c Diana may / can be coming later.
d She can't / mustn't have meant to upset you.
Susie ls Alan coming to the party? e You can / could be right, I suppose.
Julie Maybe /7/ invite him. I haven't made up my mind yet.
Articles
+,
.9
(J d Fran Oh no! This isn't my suitcase!
3 Complete the gaps in these sentences with a / an,the or A
o if no article is required.
a Julian Then you took the wrong one by mistake. ls there
§¡ a name anywhere?
a He was born in United States, but he emisrated to
l{ West lndies when he was still a young man.
+,
tr new hostel for homeless is being built in
=e Angie Maria tried out that cheese soufflé recipe you town centre.
gave her when we were round on Saturday, but it
c meal was great.- Thanks for inviting me.
was a disaster. lt didn't rise.
d Joyce works as nurse. Her husband is
Nic§ The oven probably wasn't hot enouSh.
architect. Both their sons are lawyers.
-
'They've just bought villa by sea.'
Lynne Which one's Emma's new boyfriend? -villa got? Has it got
'How many rooms has
Liz lt's probably that tall guy over there with the long swimming pool?' - -
hair. He's the only one that looks like a musician.
Can I have - of water and
glass -
cheese
sandwich, please?
I don't think that's William's jacket, bul maybe l'm - on
'Have you been -
holiday yet?'
wrong.
'No, holiday we had booked was cancelled at
last minute.'-
Man f100. We only had coffee
Waiter, this bill is for - highest mountain in world is Mount
and sandwiches. l'm sure you've made a mistake. Everest. lt's in Himalayas.
- -
i Peter We should be there by now. We've been driving
for forty minutes. Val said it would only take us
twenty minutes after the crossroads.
Rob Well, we've obviously taken a wrong turning
somewhere.

74
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 Vocabulary page 4 Grammar page 7 Vocabulary pase e

7a doing edoing ! a I'm driving !

b make f 've made / made b You're always telling 1, s T A R E
c do g make c belongs 2 T o E
d to do / doing d I work, I'm travelling
3 N o
e I don't usually eat, taste T C E

Grammar page s f is expecting 4 P A L M

7 a must/ should 2 a shines h are visiting 5 G A Z E

b have to / need to b seems i knows 6 c R A W L

c must c speak j looks 7 S H o U L D E R S
d had to d am trying k get
e must / need to / should e know I leave / are leaving 3 a flat d wide
f need to f am making m arrive / arriving b freely e lately
g am spending c rough
2 a don't have to
b needn't 4a finger earm
c didn't need to show Writing page 8 b back f head
d don't have to / don't need to It is clear that for some of these c tongue g neck
e didn't have to people, such experiments with d feet h hair

3 a compulsory d is allowed appearance are successful, (a) but

b forbidden e don't have to
c can't
4 When you're twelve, you can / you're
allowed to buy pets.
You can't / you're not allowed to buy
pets until you're twelve.
When you're thirteen, you can / you're
allowed to get a part-time job.
o You can't / you're not allowed to get a
-v,
part-time job until you're thirteen.
When you're sixteen, you can / you're
allowed to leave school.
You can't / you're not allowed to leave
school until you're sixteen.
When you're eighteen, you can /
you're allowed to buy cigarettes.
You can't / you're not allowed to buy
ci§arettes until you're ei§hteen.
When you're eighteen, you can /
you're allowed to vote in elections.
You can't / you're not allowed to vote
in elections until you're eighteen.
When you're sixteen, you can / you're
allowed to become a soldier.
You can't / you're not allowed to
become a soldier until you're sixteen.
When you're seventeen, you can /
you're allowed to drive a car.
You can't / you're not allowed to drive
a car until you're seventeen.
Reading and Use of Engtish
Reading and Use of English
page 6
page 8
1D 28 3A 48 5C 6D
1A 28 3D 4D 5A
7 C 8A
things can go seriously wrong.
Unfortunately, (b) thís can cause
great unhappiness and can even ruin
people's lives.
It seems that the majority of
operations are on people (c) who are
simply unhappy with the way they
look. They believe that altering their
physical appearance will increase
their confidence or make them more
attractive to other people. They hope
surgery will make it easier for them to
make friends or to get a good job.
(d) Ihere have been many recent
reports about cosmetic surgery
operations that have gone wrong.
When I heard about these, I wondered
why so many people choose to have
these operations.
(e) Io conclude, I would suggest
that everyone considering cosmetic
surgery should first receive honest
medical advice and be warned about
the risks involved.
(f) There is no doubt that some
cosmetic operations are necessary
for medical or psychological reasons,
(g) for example for patients who have
been involved in serious accidents.
(h) However, it is clear from the
number of operations conducted
every year that most 'patients' are not
in (i) this category.
6C
Unit 2
Readrng and Use of English
page 10
1B 2D 3C 4A 5B 6A
7B 8A 9D 10C
Vocabulary page LL
7 a undervalued
b overdressed, underdressed
c overgrown
d extra-curricular
e overcritical / hypercritical
f extraordinary
g overqualified
2 a A cat which got ¡nto the house
through an open window set off the
burglar alarm / set the burglar
alarm off.
b We'd better set off early tomorrow.
We've got a long way to travel.
c Recently more and more people
have been setting up their own
internet companies.
d The police set their dogs on the
bank robbers as they tried to
escape.
e The terrible rain storms we've had
recently have set back the house-
building programme / set the
house-building programme back by
several months.
f I'm going to write to the principal
setting out my ideas / setting my
ideas out for improvements to the
school.

78
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9-0l-6 6
 2 a inform you, receive, to be claimed
b Simply write, your chosen items
c at your convenience
d they will be reserved, notify us, to
avoid additional charges
e photographs, required documents,
your identity card will be issued
immediately
Unit 3
Vocabutary page 16
1, a give back d g¡ving away
b gave out e gave in / gave uP
c give up
Grammar page 1-o
1-a3 b7 c2
2 a never got used to
b used to smoke
c are used to getting dressed
d get used to driving
e did you use to live
Listening pase L7
7C 2A 3C 48 5B 6C 7B
Audio script
o of money, until one day I lost
l¿ lnt This evening in our series 'ln my
experience' our guest is Maggie
Lyons an adviser to people who
are addicted to gambling. She
provides support to individuals
and gives talks to local
community groups. Welcome,
Maggie.
Maggie Thank you - hello.
lnt You have not always worked as
an adviser, have you?
Maggie No, certainly not. / was once
addicted to gamblinS myself.
lnt Can I start by asking you how
you became addicted and,
perhaps more importantly, how
you managed to kick the habit?
Magg¡e Well, let me start by saying it
was a lot more difficult to stop
than it was to start, lt began
in a very innocent way, really.
A §roup of us at work used to
meet for a game of cards every
week. We played for very low
stakes, but for some reason
I
almost always won, and sadly,
I
got ¡t into my head that I was a
luc§ person.
80
lnt That does sound very innocent.
How much money did you
actually make?
Maggie Next to nothing, really -
probably about five pounds a
week. Playing for money just
made the game a bit more
exciting. Anyway, because lwas
convinced that I was a lucky
person, I started gambling
online - and strangely I went
on winning. Believe it or not,
in my first week, I made over a
hundred pounds. Perhaps my
mistake was that I didn't tell
anyone what I was doin$. I kePt it
such a good secret.
lnt How much money did you make
in the end?
Magg¡e ln the first month, I made over
two thousand pounds. The
more I won, the more frequently
I played, and it wasn't long
before I was playing for three or
four hours every day.
lnt And did you go on winning?
Maggie For a while, yes. I was beginning
to think I couldn't lose, soI
gambled larger and larger sums
five thousand pounds.
lnt Five thousand?
Magg¡e Yes, but even then, I thought I'd
win again if I went on playing.
But over the next few weeks,
lost more often than I won, until
I had almost no money left in
the bank.
lnt So what did you do?
Magg¡e ln the end / asked my dad for a
loan - I told him I needed a new
car.
lnt And nobody advised you to stop?
Magg¡e No - because nobody knew. I
think my close friends misht
have guessed but didn't know
for sure. Anyway, to cut a long
story short, eventually I realized
gambling was ruining my life
and I decided to look for help.
lnt Where did you go?
Maggie I phoned a helpline and got an
appointment with an addiction
counsellor. She was brilliant.
lnt How did she help?
Magg¡e She said it was the activity I
was addicted to, rather than
the money, so her advice was
to §radually reduce the amount
of time / spent online, and to
Samble smaller and smaller
amounts of money each time.
At one point I thought about
getting together with other
addicts, but decided against it
in the end.
lnt And were you able to follow that
advice?
Maggie Well, eventually,yes, but I can't
pretend it was easy.
lnt Did you go on losing money?
Magg¡e Sometimes I won and
sometimes I lost, but the
amounts were never very large,
so the impact on my life was
not as great as it had been.
After two months I began to get
bored. Almost without realizing
il, I found / was choosin§ to
spend my money on c/othes,
books, go¡ng to the cinema -
things like that.
lnt So when was the last time you
gambled?
Maggie Three years ago. I can't believe
I was so stupid.
Int And now you help other PeoPle
with the same problem?
Magg¡e Yes, that's ri§ht. I work as
a volunteer for the same
organization that helPed me. I
use the same method, too.
I lnt And does it always work?
Maggie Usually, yes. The thing is, it
takes people different lengths of
time to kick the habit, but in the
end they nearly all do - or they
at /east reduce the¡r gambl¡ng to
a levelthey can control. Some
people are hapPy with that.
lnt You must find it very rewarding.
Magg¡e I do - because I know how
dreadful addiction can be.
lnt Next, we're going to talk to
someone who is still addicted to
online gambling and ask Maggie
to give her some advice.
Grammar page 17
!a experience e language
b lights f exercises
c noise g room
d much time
2 a bit/ piece / word
b bit / piece / sheet
c bit / stroke
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 f ,/ either boiling hot or freezing cold - and
e will object
Unit 5 the beds were narrow and really hard. I
h are you go¡ng to do / will you do Vocabulary page 28 woke up with backache every morning. lf
you were really unlucky, you'd be sharin§
3 a is going to be / will be 1a trip ecrossing
b am going to faint with someone who snored or be woken
b tour f cruise up in the middle of the ni§ht by a ticket
c am going c journey g voyage
d leaves inspector. lt wasn't the most restful way
d excursion to travel.
e will have worked / will have been
working 2adid Speaker 3
f will turn b campsite, put up The worst travelling experience l've ever
g am going to give up c landed had was when I was in the States. /
h will be thinking d boarded, crew, fasten was flying from Newark to Washin§ton
e package Dulles - about an hour's flight. We set
Reading and Use of English f miss off late, and then when we were half-way
g coach, booked to Washington, we were told that we
page 24
h ports, disembarked couldn't land because of bad weather
1C 28 3D 48 5D 6A i take and we had to turn back. Then, when
j lanes we got back to Newark, we found that
Grammar page 2s k souvenir all the flights to Washington had been
7 a too, enough c too 3 a pick me up e took off cancelledl We ended up sleeping on the
b too d enough b set off f stop over floor of the departure loun§e! We had to
2 b You aren't old enouSh to learn to c checked in g drop you off complain repeatedly to the Sround staff,
drive.
d see him off but eventually they put us on buses to
c You're walking too slowly to keep 4 a seat d time take us to our destination.
up with me. b tyre e parts Speaker 4
d These new jeans aren't big enough c room f change I don't suppose I could really
for me. recommend hitchhiking as a way of
e My brother lives too far away to Listening page 2e travelling these days, but when I did it,
it was a common way of getting around
o come for the weekend. 1E 2C 3A 4H 5D
.v, f I'm too short to reach the top shelf. on a tight budget. No one gave a second
Extra sentences: B, F, G
g I'm not well enou§h to come on thought as to whether it was safe or
holiday with you. Audio script not. When I was in my early twenties, I

Speaker 1 hitchhiked all round Europe, and never

Reading and Use of English Last year, I went to France on a day trip
page 26 with some friends. They were taking
their car and asked if I wanted to come
7 didn't have (enough) time
along as they had a spare seat. I was
2 is bound to pass
quite excited because I'd never travelled
3 have arranged a meeting / have
to France through the Channel Tunnel
arranged to meet
before - I'd always gone on the ferry
4 has been brought in
5 are unlikely ever to go / to ever go - and I have to say it was much faster
and much more convenient, but it was
6 picked it up while / by / when / whilst
also quite boring. lt was like being on a
plane with no windows, because there
Vocabulary page 26 was nothing to see except the car in
t b energetic h fair front and the car behind. I'm not saying
c creative i organized I wouldn't use the Tunnel again, but it
d patient j fit certainly wasn't what I expected.
e caring k enthusiastic Speaker 2
f brave I hard-working One summer, when I was a student, I
g sociable m cheerful travelled round Spain by train. I went
with a friend and we travelled at ni§ht
Writing page 27 to save money on accommodation. We
11b 2f 3a 4d slept in 'literas', which are bunk beds.
2a4 b1 c5 d3 e6 f2 There were six in each compartment:
three on each side, one on top of
the other. The temperature in our
compartment was never ri§ht - it was
once felt in any sort of danger. I loved it.
You never got bored because every day
was different - you never knew where
you were go¡ng to end up, and everY
person who gave you a lift was different.
You might be picked up by a couple in
an expensive car one day and a farmer
driving a tractor the next.
Speaker 5
I went to China last year with a tour
company. I'm not a great fan of
organized holidays as a rule, but if you're
going to a country where you don't know
the language, and you want to see as
much of it as you can in a short time,
then it's a good way to do it. Our guide
was very informative, and we saw an
awful lot, including how people live,
which was fascinating. But we didn't
stop from seven in the morning till seven
at ni§ht! /t was a very t¡r¡ng schedule and
it involved so much travelling! l'd have
liked to spend a week at a beach resort
at the end to recover. But that's my only
criticism.

82
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pJell o Fuorls q ']uauresn ure']ueu1u ¡oddest p poqcear LT. ul ]oF L
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'dn pe>1crd lsnl'peq 'Fu!>1ultl] se¡n q
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Ánue I ssaullpuauJ o Áuuns 'a¡qeÁo[ue
(ue) e T ]oF']uofl\ e I
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 Audio script
Today I'm going to talk about fish and
some recent research into how their
minds work. You are probably thinking
'Fish don't have minds, surely?' But that is
just one of the many wrong ideas people
have about fish. Today, I hope to dismiss
some of these ideas. The first thing I want
to say is that not all fish are the same.
And I'm not talking about the obvious
differences between one species of fish
and another; I'm talking about differences
within species. lt's been known for a long
time that animals like cattle and dogs are
all individuals, and behave differently in
different circumstances; but that's also
true of fish. Research has shown that
some fish are bold individuals who are risk-
takers, and others are shy and will avoid
taking risks.
Another wrong idea people have is that
fish have no memory. Unfortunately,
films like the Hollywood blockbuster
Finding Nemo, which stars a forgetful
blue fish called Dory, have reinforced this
idea. A f,sh's memory is longer than the
three seconds that people credit them
with. Research has shown that they can
o remember experiences for many months
.v, after just a little training. One trial involved
putt¡ng fish in a bi§ fishing net in a tank,
and moving the net quickly backwards and
forwards. The fish had to learn where the
hole in the net was in order to get out. lt
only took about five trials - that's about
15 to 20 minutes - for them to learn
it. Ihen when the same fish were tested
72 months later, it was found that they'd
remembered exactly where the escape
route was.
There has also been some rather
unusual research done on carp fairly
recently. ln this study they played jazz
and classical music to the carp. They
trained them to perform one task if they
heard jazz and a different task if they
heard c/assica/ music. You may ask how
they were able to do that. Well, fish have
quite a good hearing system, so they
can hear the music. But whether it's the
vibration of the music or the rhythm that
helps them to distinguish one kind of
music from the other is not yet known.
Many people ask me whether fish can
feel pain. ln one recent study, when the
lips of live trout were injected w¡th bee
venom, they rocked from side to side just
like some zoo animals do when they're
84
depressed or sad. They also rubbed the
affected area against the sides of the
tank and the gravel at the bottom. Ihis
appears to be similar to the behaviour
of people and animals, who also try to
reduce the intensity of pain in an affected
area by rubbing it.
However, there is another school of
thought that says that because fish don't
possess a neocortex, that's the outer part
of the brain believed to be responsible for
consciousness, they can't feel pain in the
same way we do.
Finally, you may be wondering what my
views are on keeping, for example, a
goldfish as a pet. Well, that's not really
for me to say, but research shows that
fish are more conscious creatures than
they were previously thought to be, so
personally lwould be a§ainst keeping
them in smallglass bowls. A tank would
certainly be preferable. But put lots of
things in it; change the scenery around
from time to time. lf you want your fish to
be happy and healthy, the most important
thing is that they're stimulated and
interested.
Writing page 3e
Music plays an important role in many
people's lives. Whether it is classical
music, pop music, rock music, jazz or
opera, we all listen to it at one time or
another for a variety of reasons.
Music can certainly affect our mood
(,) but the kind of music we listen to
will affect our mood differently. Upbeat
music generally makes people feet
happy (,) while slow music, particularly
if it reminds us of a painful event in our
past, can make us feel sad.
lf we are feeling sad or depressed,
music may lift our spirits. However, there
are many other activities people can do.
Many people find that doing exercise
is effective. For other people, spending
time with friends has the same positive
effect on their mood. Being out in the
countryside or by the sea can also work.
To sum up, music may be a good therapy
for some people when they are feeling
low, but for others it can have the
opposite effect. There are many other
activities which people can do which are
equally, if not more, effective.
Note: The punctuation marks in brackets
are optional.
Unit 7
Listening pase 40
1B 2A 3A 48 5C 6A 7C
Audio script
lnt Welcome to today's 'Free Time',
the programme which looks at the
work of unpaid volunteers. Last
week, we heard from Hamid, who
helps to organize a sports club
for children in his neighbourhood.
Today in the studio we have Jerry,
a 2O-year-old student. Jerry, could
you start by telling us briefly what
kind of volunteering you do?
Jerry Of course. I work on a steam
railway quite near to where I
study.
lnt A steam railway - that sounds
fascinating. Tell us more.
Jerry Well, as you've probably giuessed,
this is not an ordinary modern
railway which takes people to and
from work. lt's actually a historic
railway which ori§inally opened
in 1-865. /t used to transport coal
from the mines in the area to the
nearest port, which was about
fifty kilometres away. Ihese days,
it's mainly a tourist attraction,
although there is still a daily
service which takes people from a
small village to the nearest town.
lnt And what do you do to help with
the running of the railway?
Jercy Well, the only thing I don't do
is drive the engines. That's
specialist work I'm not qualified
to do. But / do everything else,
from selling tickets to passengers
to keep¡ng the station tidy and
servin§ in the café. What I like
best is helping to repair and
restore old steam engines. Being
an engineering student, that's
not too difficult for me to do and
I
find it absolutely fascinating. But
during the spring and summer,
there are a hundred and one
things to do to cater for the
visitors. So, §enerally speaking
we do this kind of work out of the
tourist season. There's a bit more
time for it then.
lnt And how is the railway funded?
Jerry We get a small grant from the
local council, but most of our
 98
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peÁo¡dute ete e T.
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se puo/v\ otl] u! uo Eu¡oE s,]eLuv\
oul o1 paeu I ']eq] Jo orns
tt eBed eut] areds I JJo otu!] 3
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'euuuelBold smeu eltlnonert Atu p
llrl o] ol.ul] otul] lo ]no unj eI
dn euoc seq J punor Fultuoc ele c
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'uoalxls C9 V9 8V VT CZ CT srolrstn araL{A 'doqs UIF aql Pue
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oL{
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olul loE }eLl} tlFlq os s¡ §¡ s,uqo¡
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]uelstsse doqs e Í,
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'IAO/v\
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et aFed Ñelnqelo¡ e ecuo t,lslqqnr s,e¡doad (s)lcalloc 'luauou aLl]
Euluueld aJ,aM pue
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pue poljletu ue I 'poulocuoc ale
3
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sluoLUlll.utuoc ,{¡tLue¡ ,itl se leJ sv
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'sloalunloA lle ole sn
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roJ solels pa]lun ol.ll u! polro^ |
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'uorlsanb puocos lnoÁ o] loMSUe ul q
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-
e Z uale] sem 'apeut uaaq oneLl 7 e pue sJaN)p autFue
ol¡l - ]lels
| 'uorsr^alo] u! Fullro¡n spreBar sV
uantB se¡n I ew!t1n] aatql sÁo¡dwa ÁeNlet aql
il za 9p r,c €q1 U/v\OP aYOlq ']UOS OIO/V\ A ptfi Áuedwoc aLU'slollsln
sun o
s? eBed 8ur1rr¡¡ ]qFnec sem 'Paute/v\ se/v\ P ulol¡ ,i¡lcellp souloc otuocul
 I've listened to this programme
for as long as I can remember
- so long, in fact, that I now
think of the main newsreaders
almost as friends.
2 newspapers you can get online.
lnt Can I ask you a few questions
about the newspapers you
read?
Man Certainly, what would you like to
know?
lnt Well first of all, do you read a
newspaper every day, or only
occasionally?
Man Every day. Actually, I read two
papers - the News Daily on the
way to work and the Financial
Times when I get to work.
lnt When you're reading the News
Daily, what do you read first?
Man Well, I glance atthe main
stories, then turn to the back
and read the day's sports news.
3 Man How many channels can you
Woman I have to admit, I love those
magazines that tell you all about
celebrities, you know, film stars,
singers, TV personalities. I love
finding out the details of their
o private lives: who's having an
.Y
affair with who, who's bought
an expensive new house, who's
expecting a baby. Most of all,
I like read¡ng about what's
happening in my favourite soap
operas.l know some people
pretend they aren't interested
in this kind of thing but I don't
believe them. I think everyone's
curious about how the rich and
famous live their lives.
4 children, but which was certainly
Teenage I hardly ever watch TV.
boy I'm probably not typical of
someone my age, but I find
most programmes completely
predictable. I §et very bored
watching'N - l'd much rather be
actually doing somethinS. So, for
example, / spend a fair amount
of time playing football or
swimming. The only programmes
I try to watch regularly are music
programmes - | try to catch the
charts every week. But I can
honestly say, I never watch the
news or documentaries. Most of
all I hate game shows - they're
just so middle-aged.
86
5 Man
Man I'd never really thought of
the internet as part of the
media - but then one of my
colleagues told me about all the
I subscribe to the New York
Iimes - which means I get sent
the online version as an email
every day. lt's fantastic. / m
totally amazed that anyone sti//
buys the paper. You can even
find out background information
by following the links at the ends
of the stories. lt's certainly a
quick and easy way of finding
out what's go¡ng on in the world.
6 Vocabulary
Woman Did you see the film on Channel
29 last night?
Man No, we haven't got satellite TV.
Woman Really? You don't know what
you're missing.
get?
Woman Ei§hty-three at the moment, but
it's §oing up to one hundred and
fiftynext year.
Man I don't think I could cope with all
that choice. /t's bad enou§h at
the moment, having sx channels
to choose from.
Woman You'd get used to rt.
Man l'm not sure I'd want to get
used to it - especially if §reater
choice meant poorer quality
programmes.
7
Woman I've recently read some research
which may come as no surprise
to teachers and parents of small
news to me. The basic finding
is this: the more often parents
read to their children from a very
early age, the greater the effect
on their language skills, such
as reading and speaking. lt was
found that reading to children
six or seven times a week puts
them almost a year ahead of
those who are not read to on a
regular basis. lt's clear that this
will §ive children who are read to
a massive advanta§e.
8 c
Man What time do we need to leave
in the morning?
Woman Half past ei§ht at the latest.
Oh! But I've asked the
decorator to come round.
Woman What time?
Man Well, I asked him to come first
thing. He said he'd be here by
nine. That'll be okay, won't it?
Woman l'm not sure. The ferry leaves at
ten and it takes about an hour
to get there.
Man Hmm - that could be a problem.
Woman Can't we ask him to come next
week?
Man We could - but l'd prefer to rin§
him and see if he can §et here a
bit earlier.
Woman Well, it's worth a try.
pase 48
L a goes by d going on
b go after e go up
c go through f go along with
Reading and Use of Eng[ish
page 48
1B 2A 3D 4D 5D 6A
Grammar page 50
1, a 'Hurry up. We're going to be late.'
b 'Do you think I should wear my
long dress or my short stripy one /
dress?'
c 'l think you should wear your black
dress. / Why don't you wear your
black dress?'
d 'l can't. lt's at the dry-cleaner's.' /
'l can't because it's at the dry-
cleaner's.'
e 'l don't care what you wear, but if
we're late, I might lose my job.'
2a Delia said (that) she'd love to and
asked him what time it started.
Paul replied that it started / would
start (at) about ten but that she
could come when she liked.
b Delia said (that) she'd been invited
to Paul's party. Angie asked when
it was.
Delia replied that it was on
Saturday. She added that she didn't
want to go but (she) couldn't say no.
Angie suggested that Delia should
phone him / Paul on Saturday and
say (that) she didn't feel well.
Paul's mother warned him not
to make too much noise. She
added that she didn't want any
complaints from the neighbours.
Paul promised (that) he wouldn't.
 L8
(epel) "
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'ut
ile I a\q ol Áep )eqloue unla)
ot qsl^ l¡qeqotd ¡¡m noÁ uaql
uoAl 'vnoLlxts )o 'salnuw Ogg
oq pnol weqt Jo tlcee le tuads
seJnww nol Tsnf os 'sllg/qxa
ñaulu lnoqe are uaLU'snoLl
)nol pue ouLlt uaa^ laq sJ lels
a?ete¡e aql su/oas y 'sqTuow
nal Tsed
eql )oto lno pauJec
queesu wu!'relelnb el]]!l
ere sFultl] uol¡/v\ 'Og'Z JaUe
ro -'tu'e 6 punoJe - Futqr
Ialueo
]sru a^rjre ol raL{}lo }saq s,}l
¿or,uoc o] oru!] ]saq eLl]
sr uaq/v\ 'Eutllsln Jo Fu!>.lultll
are oqM a¡doed rol ',{¡¡eut¡ og ,elueseld
'llo/v\ Se
uaq] souocla^ 1t Á¡sno¡nqo
UEnoql'sdnorB leluoLxuorl^uo
]o sraqLuotu ,ipeet¡e ele
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 Vocabu[ary page 53 c The golden eagle, whose eggs are Reading and Use of Engtish
stolen by unscrupulous collectors,
t a to f about, to is now an endangered species.
page 57
b in g against d What's the name of the girl who / 1, f. international 5 sisht
con hon that got married to Chris Small? ls 2 medical 6 strengthening
d to i to, between it Louise? 3 donation 7 blindness
ein j to e Can you think of any reason why he 4 knowledge 8 treatment
2 a make, with f takes, for m¡ght have done it?
b making, from g take, in f I don't know of any restaurants Writing page 57
c take, off h make, of where you can get a decent meal
t a lf parking in the town centre were
d make, for i take, at for under Lts.
made more expensive, people
e made, with g What's the name of that singer
misht be encouraged to leave their
whose record was number one last
cars at home.
Reading and Use of Engtish month? The one who / that writes
b A park-and-ride scheme could be
page 55 his own songs.
introduced. A car park could be
h United's second goal, which was
1D 2C 3A 48 5C 6B scored in the final minute, won
built outside the town with cheap
parking, and free transport could
them the cup.
Vocabutary page 55 be provided into the town centre.
i Sally's going out with someone who
c More bicycle racks, where bikes can
1, observation / observer, prediction, / lhal she met at Jason's party. be left safely, should be installed.
definition, explanation, reaction, j Not surprisingly, we never got d Cars could be banned from go¡ng
variation / variely, behaviour, back the things which / that we'd
into the town centre altogether and
performance / performer, occurrence, reported stolen.
only bikes, taxis and buses (be)
suggestion, fluctuation, eruption k We'll be staying at the Seaview allowed.
Hotel, which is on the seafront.
e lf the suggested changes were
Grammar page 56 I The best time to go to Scotland is implemented, the amount of
June, when the weather is warmer.
7 a Non-defin¡ng: The word 'smo§',
m I've decided I don't like the shoes
pollution in the town centre would
which was coined in the early 2oth be reduced.
which / lhal I bought on Saturday.
century, combines the words
o
.y 'smoke' and 'fog'. n The Hilton is expensive, which is
b Non-defining: ln the late 1-9th
what you'd expect. After all, it is a Unit 10
five-star hotel.
century, London, which was known Reading and Use of English
as 'The Big Smoke', suffered
o The girl over there who / that is
talking to John used to go to my page 59
almost constant foggy conditions.
school.
c Defining 1D 2A 3B 4C 5D 6A
d Defining 3 Sentences e, i, j, m 7C 8B 9B 10C
e Non-definin§: Because of the poor 4 a The guest house we stayed at
visibility, which was often less than when we were in Prague was risht Vocabutary page se
one metre, dozens died in road in the city centre.
accidents. b The couple we shared our table at
77a dessert bdesert
f Non-defining: These days smog, lunch with were from Poland. / The
2a compliment bcomplement
which particularly affects people couple we shared our table with at
3a stationary bstationery
who have respiratory problems, lunch were from Poland.
4a effect baffect
is mainly caused when fuel c The travel agency we booked our
5a economical beconomic
emissions from cars react with holiday through was excellent.
6a principle bprincipal
sunli§ht in humid, still atmospheric d The tour, which we had heard so 2a on d off

conditions. much about, was definitely worth boff e up

g Defining go¡ng on. c with f up
h Defining e The audio guide, which we would 3 a gamble e advice
i Defining have been lost without, was b blame f dislike
2a The 10.05 from London to Norwich, available in several languages. c interest g offence

which is due to arrive at Platform f The holiday we'd looked forward to d seat
1, will call at Colchester, lpswich so much was over too soon.
and Norwich. Grammar page 6o

b We'll have the party next Friday, Lahad

which is the day when / that he b hadn't gone
comes out of hospital. c could
d would put

88
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 Audio script
t very special about writing
Woman I think the British use more
gestures than they used to.
It may be partly because we
come into contact with other
nationalities more often than in
the past - you know, on foreign
holidays, or when we see
foreigners on television. I think
we've got used to seeing people
gesturing, and we've started
doing it ourselves. I remember
when / was a child lthought
anyone who moved their hands
and arms about when they were
talking was very odd. Now I'd
say it's much more common.
2 blink?
lnt Do you think you could tell
us something about how you
learned Thai?
Man Of course. lt was when I
was worklng as a teacher in
Bangkok.
Int Did you have lessons or did you
just pick it up?
Man Both. I lived with a Thai family,
and I also went to evening
o can still remember the first lie
.v, classes at a local college.
lnt Did the family teach you?
Man Not exactly, but I certainly
learned from them. Even though
they could speak English very
well, I insisted that they always
spoke to me in Thai. That way I
was forced to use the lansuase.
lnt And the evening classes?
Man They helped of course, but
I found the grammar quite
difficult.
3 angry - just really upset. I'll
Woman I've known Maggie since we
were at school together. We've
met regularly ever since. One
year she'll come and stay with
me, and the next l'll visit her.
And we've had a few holidays
together. And on top of that
we've always written resular
/etters. We've been doing it now
for over forty years. We've only
ever missed a couple of letters:
once when I was away on
holiday and once when Maggie
was in hospital having one of
her children. We've thought
about changing to the phone
90
or email, but there's something
old-fashioned letters.
4 Woman ljust waited and hoped
Man And remember, when you're
answering the interviewer's
questions, look them
in the eye.
Woman I find it quite difficult to keep
eye contact for longer than
a few seconds. I feel quite
embarrassed.
Man You need to practise doing
il. Obviously, you've got to be
careful not to look as if you're
starin§, so that means not
opening your eyes too wide.
Woman What about blinking? ls it OK to
Man Yes, of course. lt's not some
kind of competition to see
who's the first to blink. lt's just
a way of showins that you're
interested in the person you're
talking to.
5 interested. We met a couple
Man I wouldn't say I'm a particularly
honest person - it's just that
I'm just not very good at lying.
ever told. I was about six at the
time. I had some medicine for a
sore throat and I hated the taste
of it. My mother promised she'd
take me shopping as soon as I'd
had this horrible medicine. So
hid the medicine at the back of
a cupboard and told my mother
I'd taken il. About five minutes
after we got back from the shops
my mother found it. She wasn't
never forget the look on her
face.
6 Man And can I access the internet
Woman lt was awful - ljust didn't know
what to do.
Man Didn't you have your mobile with
you?
Woman Yes, I did, but the battery was
flat.
Man What about the emergency
phones? There's usually one of
those about every 500 metres.
Woman I could probably have reached
one, but I was worried about
leaving the car and walking
around outside on my own. And
it was rush hour - the road was
incredibly busy.
Man So what did you do?
someone would stop and
help me. The thing is, I've
never changed a tyre before.
Eventually, thank goodness, a
police car stopped.
7
Woman I took early retirement from
work because of illness and
decided to do a course in
creative writing at our local
university. lt was just for fun,
really - and to keep myself
occupied - I never thou§ht l'd
get anything published. The
course lasted two years and
towards the end they invited
a number of literary agents to
meet us. During the second
year, I wrote the first draft of a
story connected with my family
and one of the agents seemed
more times and he decided to
take me on. And the rest, as
I they say, is history. My second
novel's coming out next month.
I
8
Woman We're open every day except
Sundays.
Man OK - and how do I become a
member?
I Woman lf you complete this form and
bring it back here, we'll issue
you a card.
Man And what does that entitle me
to?
Woman lt allows you to use all of our
facilities and to take out three
books at a time for up to two
weeks.
here?
Woman Yes, we have a computer suite
on the first floor.
Man Great! And how much is all this?
Woman At the moment, there's no
charge if you live locally, but
there may be a fee for internet
usage in the future.
Man Thank you very much.
 T6
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 Speaker 5
You have to realize that these young
people haven't got much money and
so there is a limited number of things
they can do. They can't afford to go to
the cinema or go bowling, or at least
not very often. They are too young to
go to pubs or nightclubs. They want to
be with other young people their own
age, but they don't want to be stuck at
home. So what do they do? Hang about
in the street, meet up with other young
people and get into trouble quite simply
because they are bored.
d ln addition to increasing the
number of police officers on the
street, more CCTV cameras should
be installed and linked directly to
the police station.
e Buses should run throuShout the
night so that people wouldn't have
to walk home.
f Not only would these improvements
make our town a safer place to be
at night but also a more pleasant
place to be (at night).
Grammar page 7 4

Reading and Use of Engtish

t a lcould/mighthave
b she can't be / mustn't be
page 70 c I mi§ht
t 1D 2A 3E 48 5E 6B d must have taken
7C 8A 9C 10D e can't have been / mi§ht not have
been / must not have been
Vocabutary page 72 f lt must be
g I could / might be
t a arrested, shoplifting h You must have
b burglary, burgled i we must have
c speeding, drink-driving j You mi§ht not have given him
d hooligans k She could / might / must be
e mugger I lt could / might / must be
f vandalism 2 a can't d can't
2 a committing, arrested, charged b can't e could
o b court, bail, trial, trial
.v, c may
c jury, verdict, guilty, guilty
d jud§e, probation, committed, 3 a the
sentence, death penalty
b A / The, the, the
c The
3 a fill it up d a,an,A
b tore the letter up e a, the, the, a
c wrapped up f a,a
d drink up g o, the, the
e tidy it up h The, the, @,lhe
f Eat up
g clear up
4a a (6) f a, a (9)
Reading and Use of English b The, the (10) 6
b a,al)
c an (1) h A, tne 12¡
page 73
d a, a, a (g) i a (5)
L L household 5 achievement e an, a (3) j a, @ (4)
2 disposable 6 possession(s)
3 financial 7 unwanted
4 equipment 8 functional Vocabutary page 75
7 a sot away with
Writing page 73 b is / was getting on
7 a Both older people and many young c didn't get on
people are scared to go into the d get away
town centre at night. e get me down
b As the bars and clubs are open f §ot by
until late, some people end up g get over
drinking too much. h Sot out
c As well as becoming argumentative,
some people get into fights.

92