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    Barratt, O'Reilly and Temporal - Long Term Load London Clay(1994)

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    Barratt, O'Reilly and Temporal - Long Term Load London Clay(1994)

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    7 views7 pages

    Barratt, O'Reilly and Temporal - Long Term Load London Clay (1994)

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    Chiara
    Barratt, O'Reilly and Temporal - Long Term Load London Clay(1994)

    Copyright:

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    R308 Long-term measurements of loads on tunnel linings in overconsolidated clay D.A. Barratt ‘Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England M.P. OReilly Consultant, Camberley, England (formerly, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England) John Temporal ‘Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England ‘This per repr the rests of loegterm motoring ofthe ads deeoping in ‘neutering of he apnea once Lnngs Ine noround tad of {bis Line ofthe Londoe Undegrond Dench Regens Park sine Gate a (tl Sewer, The depth tunel ae we hese tas sho Oo 1d he suroondng proud was Landon sl Onlond Chey teach, [Al Regents Pat, th ess nakat te veil aon he lg had reached the equivalent of 0 percent ofthe overuse afer 134 yen ee ‘sae ped, the horton ating tad raced tout perce of te eres: ‘At Oxford, telson the ining ha bua, sek mecha tents 3. and 50 per cst ofthe oebutder, bythe tne menorements wae te 3% years. Tinally, he menses presse i te fers come ae oe ‘ined atoning lads i oven lap 1 tmeodution Alou the son an long sm grown loads asi on tel Hnngs are of Sensible nto epineers, springy few easements hve age nae ok tis magnitude Ths paper reps he rns of lange sng oat eon in ig of ego oer ng nach eo mets he ea, ‘sin he nord tae of he ua Lise of te London Undergrad ae, Regents Pack ad was eee nmr 1974 wile cmd tg soe ae “ean Qual eves and wat cons n Feary 181, The Sep tas tes oon was aout 2m and Is an theron pend ws Cog tnd Ono Cay reaper 470 Long tem measurements of fod 4 2 1 2 The intretened gs The nsec inl ete moettowed tel ofthe Jail Line beveen [Biker Stet snd Bon Sx ison shown in ig All he wide seme ‘rte cat standard sds andthe Itumonaton wa ied othe tering pe To casing. Thus for pact purposes, sorma rest once ig of Iiig a being lcd ant a pose to make maasuenents sue fle eecton wih ‘ini inereence fo te stusiettnsling serio. "The isan fons of oul (pent ype Pt eas tl lads inthe nga Presirecls (wpment ype Q) an Gl cls pment ype Ko ese gro Preset pt round fern: abd embed nating wie pier ee Sains wit some of te coor sgmens. Inte even, he wo Glo alls wee The insrumentedrings 471 Fig? Sogmeat ype Po Hepes Park tumaged at an erly stage wile nerretion ofthe sin mesirenets within te ‘teste segmese proved ifeitand enue he a ate aot preset ee, bat he Hse fd tent rman cay ting wr Sd the complete safes ave bon deri Scgmens naered 1 12 and 169 Pig 1 were cot wih 3 singh cll plc ft hr ce wes he mag fe ofthe steward in Fig 2. The seshork sembly. The cll was ofthe gle bring wie tps a Oe end he 472 Long-term measurements of oad cyfindcl aig ws domed wo cre hale ad was transite ail ough it ‘ton when a sigh roaton of one hal of he pment clave oe he exceed ‘St cover pies on each eof he lad cll sey el he eo Mave of the Scgmentgar suring apo and avo potted ug aig a ere ‘he rune Whi he ring wel uponod on te ect stms he side cnet Pinta emoved but he pte against te oud was eng Er a th ‘Somplted by thsing the mento tengo before the ing war ete ie loads in segment I at fondo be dec ate sehen wa placed, eavig ‘only ave la cells nthe ig. The ends fom the cals ete pacl n'a ‘Sovaerenal asiumention gre, which wax et it the pment gh nd the ing, td i o's termina ox est sng he grr. The eet of eh lead el wat toate aur ings pin othe cee OF 3 segment ve protyge crt prem ole mee cst he Dick of segments, 7,13, 17 at "aes Fig 1 Teese see's wiring we gauge o deter he change fetecton of 3 Tab dhmeter scar daptragm conc wih the owed Calratoe of ese elt wa car out ror ithe ene testes: be ‘deecn of te evi oft dapag was ODA oneer he maxima oan. ‘SF SOOKE. wich if unforly dated wold corespnd” wo. presire of ‘Sporn 3KN/a fer eee fe nro ing th cell I seven ‘aly peated tobe dleive but bergen Seared in mck he same os asthe oie the ath posure ail inept fled rng instalation 2.2 Oxford Trunk Outta Sewer “Te instumorad wag eck Ting (Ring No 3436) shown ia Fig 3 was inl in Fray 198 tics acon ig at TRL. was wed wo el bcs na saad {iSin wide rice pecs coer eh foo us of oad cei. The {Seo pro od cls prove aby the Hing of ang rng reson. ‘he for eah pesca intl ard eng mee a ig oxy Ora, ofthe same peas hae a Rogen Prk "Apne ts 2 rot rng ihe instrumenation insert iat i ealed Tsing rect to posed tay nl an meanieners commensal Soe aferands, Dual! be panning and craruction ofthe Over Trink Ota Senet fave bos geno (21 ad (3 inFige and Ae he oading en he tra! ig es to icease wh tne ba at deste ae alg tine se has boon won the bec aA Second veal ais somali the leads and presres with respect to tse which ‘Told hve ben ipod byte fl vere ales poe. Foe ity. eels 473 Fig3 strane ing of ements at Oxod Sarton an he ei two at ee el a eh nen ‘Mesures hve pw ech ah at Regen Park ons prod of 93 ys (co Seana 193 nd vl coin lps noncancer Spl 199 nly tw ad cts were sl phig rll a easements on theo led cla eta ai (Fg) athe vere la er the ng ‘ave mow bil up abst 6 pee of eure Whee crown cl nase orn cing fet 0 perce ove," wo alg ine se {teste inpeson atthe a nth ning te al cee agany towers closer examina of 4 shows ha i avenge veal eas ee bye dn ee eet yea Tie reulsof mology on be oOHpE cath press cl are preset ia ig Sand show conse high ad, Wad pss wp tole a 474 Longer reasurements of load Leer | Fig 4 Lead cll: Regets Park ‘tude ad slg in exces ofthe tp ofthe alan range ote struments However, th in conctn wit be earths cel ta se snes ‘Bese how a contig upward wed, with avenge cress of aout ne per eet 4 yet, compact he laa cel da, whch se lowing exptod ends once “sympot vaes ‘The measurements of ads ané press kn st Onoda shown in Figs nd 7 he 7 yar om Perury 1981 to Noverter 1988. No ros Cae htind in Jame 191 ad ths probably fies the ere aduovs tonnes ne lnsrenaton fst in an eration ever ts lsd by oe the iver fad ell asthe fit fl only» mot er ilies ‘ead isthe sum of he nas on boa the els at's pare aio ad, BEC ‘eles dey to Be oop compresive ust in be lining By the Sf 0 ‘easements, lus onthe ng had bul soma erally to Dares 5 oe 30 pe: cent of the overturn. “Te reite om he eth pte els Se sea ‘sppcining with agave pests, upto aout 15 pr eat of overdone example the dfeencesbewees the highest lames tended pera ek ell are ikem a indtons of te earth peas, the press wold tht fom IS a0 per ant of te verde, ig 5 Si pres cas: Regen Pak Vings ve bes mie a geo Suis of a on fe pet ofl ings ; jal colons" Sone a hs ot, ogee wih ayia! ahods for Fotng nd tck sang lg as vu ne Fier cnsieraon han er tan or oversee ce, eyed he pe fs ee 4.1 Methods of weasriog Inds — tsar rn swe compe, give wd ely ei, i ane! tnge Hower montagne Gs ae an bck ‘eamcnent on eng lings he gaps ned 0 be msrp nc x ay Sa emetic Taran o eemt a Re ity coking eps ec" Wer MC Conserton med Be gen anne of eft . “he com nl ig riya wih ek a er ct oes a es ed i es cng ae oper, Tn ado, csp wl scat correo og po " {Stina isis ay el of ene reste wesc ‘eh exeral ing, pray else time. Some allowance fot 476 Longerm measurement of oad = | ig 6 Load cals: Oxon ever these ects cane mide by aoa reference page a he ng with lotsa (hh end, that hy ate tft by exeralkeaing Reference ck, of th ‘Sine mi, canal sain paged ad hep he se eatin fe nel Eves [itr extacion of he sans nvr wah exealaning fom the a sis Feed, a mals of easy eds oh ss or he coe. THs wl ary Tooghou the monitoring pero and ull tobe Independent ofthe set an ‘un istry ofthe concrete Fr ase tases, strange ano be recommended {erlang ee montoig of ae! rng ous” Adetaed scout of be preblens intereing sin gauge es fc an oy coorete Lg ven Tar pes cl re rer more ecu eal a hing segs an stn gues, tar unl to bea afte by ans a te coc There are owever, 2 umber of problems “Fo ctr wrace the fre! ning end, whist be active fice of th sue cll at, Thu, depening om ow eels oe lave tothe sre tine ing, eer he cet ofthe Gaphrapm wil be essed, oe ege wil aod roo. inbutheaes, th conte wie pou wil not be af ans 5 el {Watt te calibration. Inthe former seth eel ily to ender ra, bat Sato i scarf ele ne To some exes he station i smi we rote and wept prjcons aa in he deg four pps Thus, 1 ey (ht the calito in he round il le ow at ane ne abort. Ta Discusion 477 Fig 7 Sol ree a: Ono sever ould seem to be the mot ely eaaation of the clifereoes Retest er Desue ell and oad a rests opr hee. Hower, the ators ea ae Stay vest ofthe veltonsOewren peste cl dancer, corse of lng segments he pojestion of he el eve oe ning ath pes cel ca, under he ght conditions, pve wu inion of he sss eta ine pois. One math, which as ben wd improve thet peetormance i fils soto nay caltion, la eee erence cal re {it in the il to mete te evetarden a caliration can then be peared ist te se wept ang ofthe il 6). Sacha craton wou not be pone ine ce of fons ona tne! Un, ace the loading i ncn by th onsroton of the Want." Allouh no data were ob fom the a alsa eget Pak onsen simi hte rca pest alae iy 209) linings Land els are, however, dificult wins, eu peal nee ngs ‘che cast Anadtonal probit the oe oie fhe a conan ad els wil be igh iret from» sand ing By al es othe od cls res than 10 pe et owe thas for sad igs Th fet of hse eens insiess is ely ob ela atch y th advantages of is, aes han infra, measremens of fad, tgs with he et a he overall via of 478 Long term mesrement of oad ‘he lo cells was Deter an any of the ater fort of iasret wed at eter Regents Prk or Oxo ‘Aihoups tect messrement wing lon alt it ly © provide the bet information one varason of ead wth ine, back mesirenet wing san gut sauping a seton of ling removing it ad then reloading iti 2 testing machine 1 eprodice the pat eure tsi Te avantage of hs hod i a Se fran on a ii ne, 5 wel seg fe 42 ramen debits ‘A mew ne revit etn, ad cl proved 0 Be more abe tn ayo Ie cher nsent uc orth neste, Ts peo dae oe bog ‘Sombie se unis eader ctor cmos, tus eon food etapa However, the cles ae prone damage ding insaliaton snd ander aparessve nai, uch as th tv Oxford he cis cat fl dt coos ack Tn bor, cath prema cal should Be eagle of susie fr sar eds toad el bt the eine fromthe ba ey were sume sda, Primary Bocuse of eooson. Ths may be atbuable wo inevordetaing of te ‘eprofing ‘ru pnrs embod in cmt the abort can be eit bl, bt caput of trae moaned paps fo ford lrg uray dlc od enapslaton an ened are even more dfs onde ed convo and ‘Oe fn! oi ht SoBe ore mind at ointment cables se nocinpeteade to wat. Some sheng waters ae es eel tha hers a 43 Rests ‘lage amber of measencots was made bythe Meroplitin Water Brad of te Cains on tne ings ring tat depen fhe wedge King ye for dep tants in London Cy (7,8, 9]. Nesuecets have alo been mae ons xanga cont lning on te Vira Line of te London Usd, aia {odan Clays these were repre in [0] sd (1). The lading developing ona these lings with tine ae stemared table I nd compare wih se records byte loa ol at Regs Park The es fom es ner eaten fal el ld he age of aes fue peo. Ts, of ours, sto be expected wth he ‘Tat on Repent Par where the tra! in onde Cy thy fa Ono ‘est (ig 6 ta the ings devsoing on nel brings i he Oto Cay ae ie tothe ia Looe Cy. The het lags creed in Te | hae ‘cee in Done Rings i Lona Ciy ap hi pray 2 ecto of te Med ‘im res which fn br oveded wo taet ae sing spent sch ngs [8 ‘The ws of logarithm ine salen open the ata hat eee cussed cade” Atough be dla in Fig ive te presen fat the fad nh ing 3 Regents Par re tl feensng gical leseace to Table T supp Cal fe 2 aout 40 per cet of De overburden. emay wel be tha this te lng tem fendi ad sens om be proud defoatons hat Scud dig constuction Se forerample 12], "Thecbrinton ate rz! nd slower ta the eri {ead sappy sberatonf ning deformation, wich sow a shoring oe ‘eral ats wih ne: see fr example (iad (10). Comparison ofthe ess fom ‘Octo suggests at hey flowed sr, tt mere eric, td to thse fom Regents Pat ‘seations on cil nln Landon Clay spore with cast ron segmental sigs 13 ae so ha: he ccnfernl thus im sch Hangs some 30 yexrs ‘or mote er conarcton conespond tthe fll overburden presre ee houaialy. ‘There viene (7 13,1] ta thse Toaings can deel ge "Rplly and ce qc thn i expended concrete tnngs. THs behaviutProbly “The measeet of ois uel gs 2 seaghforvard apation of he ‘bsevsonl Method [5] alos n ovens ly the es ake ech ivi an be que lng. A fenie ofthe Observational Metod is that fe ‘tzme canbe arin witout nesxariyeneraaning the metanans inva However, th uly and scene ofthe buatns ay requests of ty behav fo be eae 480 Long-teem measurements of land eta le ice Eg hhh eel at og made ‘stlon ofthe Vitor Lite a an evo cone, 5 Acknowedgooents row Canter eth Ltt with tak the endo Tago Fesoive emcee Uoarund Lind, Oxf Ciy Comal and Maes Wee ssp ai clin is aa The wr noel a pao oeanme of Be Tagan esac Lbs oa nee pae ‘sed by pein ofthe Chet acer 1 fei DA Sa yet RG (96, easements of god vent and linia Bstviou on the Lonaon' Union He Laboratory Report, Lit 653, 2 Game Nth Band ey 1 (82), Wedge nt fr sca er, Ia Tonga Jou) Tee Meare, Land, pp 391304 3 Tengen Jad Lava 81 L ts). Tuaciog machine peremance in Met! Cay, 18 Tuning '5 el fons nto See oat Meta. Landon, po 31905 “ae iN SF RC 1990, Tome: deen, aiy Seen. siton of Mig and Metngy Lona ie SFG? a Maserea G G1 (OH). basa Oo ing a Ker Wate: Ten." Hurt, Base, Swasctan t S Sergi RA. Dey P and Barat D 4 (08, ace eS Rept eoacon and cay peermance, TAN ee Report, RRP ep, % Coogi War W (195%). Mesremen ool and sein in can ema setts, Prc Seda Coa Sai cha aca Sac uch, Vol 2 po 63-6 % Sara F Walang T Man Wa W H 0555, etigon in ne ‘fin sl eae ome ia Londo Cay Proc nae Cin age ee App wolas 9 Gone P 1982 Wedge ck met i a apy Journ of Water nginers aud Sceists, Vl 36 eh. po Se References 48 hom 38), Th dome ach ig ed Sctoreion i linings in London Clay. Proc 6th Int Conf Sei ‘oman i ee oo. a ee on Sie (Dann ees Ee Sen ae 7 3 On TLL, The bavour of ned and ined model anaes So met, rey ofc ig Untepoan!tncl"ie th ft Cut Sal chao Poveda, ete Va pO nnn ewranen Spal lees Ws sow feof fos cere Mg J tte Ct SERB (309) Advasiges ad tains

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