English workhop

Term 4 2017-2018

Nabilla Mariam

a. Why do you think there was a general sense of disillusionment in the

western world in the decades following the end of World War II? How was
this reflected in some of the artistic expressions?

Those artists who create such paintings, it represents the very famous people
back then. It creates a momentum where people can feel what’s it like to be in
the era where there’s war and so little peace comparing it to this decade. That’s
why the trend gained even more momentum over the following decades.

Along with millions of idealistic young people who were cut to pieces by machine
guns ad obliterated by artillery shells, there was another major casualty of both
World War traditional ideas about western art. The Great War titled culture on
its axis. In Europe and the United States in particular. Almost a century later, that
legacy is being wrestled with in film, visual art, music, and television shows. They
say it created an epoch in art.

On the near side of World War II is modernism. It denotes a wide range of new
sensibilities and aesthetic responses to the industrial age. From the fiction of
Hemingway, Virginia Woolf and John Dos Passos to the savagely critical
paintings, the World War reshaped the notion of what art is, just as it forever
altered the perception of what war is. Although World War II racked up more
catastrophic losses in blood and treasure, World Wat I remains the paradigmatic
conflict of the modern age, not only politically but also culturally.

World War I and II resonates louder than the even greater cataclysm that
followed it 20 years later in Michael Morpurgo’s country, the English author of
the novel “War Horse”. “The first world war for British people is very much a
part of who we are” Morpurgo said during a visit to Los Angeles. “It’s so deep in
us. The poetry, the stories, the loss, the suffering is there in every village
churchyard”. This is another evidence of why artistic expressions create such a

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momentum and meanings. During and after the World War, flowery Victorian
language was blown apart and replaced by more sinewy and R-rated prose
styles. In visual art, Surrealists and Expressionists devised wobbly, chopped-up
perspectives and nightmarish visions of fractured human bodies and splintered
societies slouching towards moral chaos.

Other than creating momentums throughout western art, the grim realities of
industrial warfare led to a backlash against the propaganda and grandiose
nationalism that had sparked the conflagration. According to an article writer,
Reed Johnson, other artists clung to the shards of classical culture as a buffer
against nihilistic disillusionment.

b. Suggest how the changing cultural expressions may have laid the
foundation for attitudes held towards such issues today.

There are so any cultural expressions that caused so many issues until this day. It
already exists since decades ago. Before we have reached the millennial year,
technology also already exist. It’s just not as modern as it is now. As the
technology’s changing, so did the attitudes and behaviors of so many young
people. They had a big voice so that the world can hear because of their
numbers and they wanted to be heard. A culture protest towards the young
people was very appealing.

The interest for public environmental concern boomed from the 1970s onwards
(Johansson, 1995:319). The increasing number towards surveys conducted by
both commercial polling agencies and independent groups of academic social
scientists, emerged, measuring public attitudes toward environmental issues.
Since the late post-communist societies, but also developing societies or
metropolitan areas within developing societies.

Simoes (2001) describes how most survey analyst seek description,

understanding, and explanation of the individual response to environmental
change through an equation comprising values, beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and
behavior related to environmental issues. Behavioral control seems to be a major
correlate of environmental attitues and behaviors although the relationship

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between these attitudes and behaviors is far from conclusively defined in
existing research (Beckers, Ester, and Spaargaren 1999).

The subject of beliefs also comes to the fore in the debate about the public’s
relationship to environmental issues. Values are criteria remaining relatively
stable over the life course that guide action and underpin the development and
maintenance of attitudes toward relevant objects such as environmental
problems. However, beliefs are expectations about how the attitude object
affects people and the things they value.

Putting it into a conclusion, the discussion presented here does not

unequivocally suggest the existence of an optimal theoretical or analytical model
for looking at the relationship between environmentally relevant values, beliefs,
attitudes, information, and behaviors. Knowledge serves as an ambivalent factor
in the relationship between values, concern, and behavior according to its
environmental problems.

c. Many teenagers today consider popular music recorded 30 to 40 years to

be among their favorites. Why do you think music that so old still has such
appeal for young people today? What does this suggest about its cultural
impact?

First of all, I think that young people are still listening those kind of music
because they’re still very enjoyable for people to listen and influential because of
the meaning of the song. This suggests that the “drug culture” had impacted on
the sound of popular music. Today’s young people benefited, for the most part,
from greater involvement by parents in the rearing of children. The kids grew up
listening to it, hummed along, and it feels acceptable to them.

In the same way that the roaring 20’s are talked about fondly, the 1960’s were
considered a time of social and cultural revolution, and the emergence and
acceptance of rock and roll music by the majority of Americans make this a time
that is looked back on as culturally important and a time of positive change and
good times.

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Other than that, it’s also because the “baby boomers” control the media world.
We recently went to the theatre to see a hit movie with the family, and once
again, the soundtrack was full of classic rock songs from the 1960’s and 70’s.
There is no doubt that Baby Boomers control much of the media, and have a big
hand in the kinds of music that they heard in movies, commercials, and on the
radio.

Its cultural value must be approached from a different perspective. From the
musician’s point of view, the most important change since the 1950s has been in
the division of music making labour. According to a website called Britannica,
when Elvis Presley there were clear distinctions between the work of the
performer, the writer, producer, and all that stuff. Not to mention from a
listener’s point of view as well. Music became (ubiquitous) whether in public
places or at home. Rock music is the music that has directly addressed these new
conditions and kept faith with the belief that music is a form of human
conversation.

An emergent technology has meant new commercial opportunities being

explored and developed by fledging entrepreneurs. Even in today’s era, the many
file-sharing services have involved a global network of home “tapers” and have
drawn on the rock ideology of DIY, community, and anti-commerce. Rock groups
and rock fans quickly adopted networking sites such as YouTube. Rock music
will certainly be central to the 21st century ways of doing things. Rock not only
reflects on social and culture change but it’s also a social force in its own right as
well.

Links:

a. https://www.britannica.com/art/rock-music/Rock-as-a-reflection-of-social-and-cultural-change

b. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/201408/why-do-young-
people-listen-really-old-rock-music
c. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1414-753X2004000200004
d. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/21/entertainment/la-et-cm-world-war-art-20120722