SOLUTIONS FOR HOMEWORK #6 FOR MATH 552

Assignment: p. 55, #1c,2c,3b,5,9,10c.

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Problem #1c. Use the definition of limit to prove that limz→0 zz = 0.
This problem was substantially done in class. See your class notes.
Here is what the finished proof looks like.

Proof. Let  > 0 be given. Choose δ = . Clearly δ > 0. Assume

0 < |z − 0| < δ. Therefore |z| < . Then
 2  2 2 2
 − 0 = |z | = |z| = |z| = |z| < .
z 
z  |z| |z| |z|

Problem #2c. Use the definition of limit to prove that

limz→1−i [x + i(2x + y)] = 1 + i. This problem was substantially done in
class. See your class notes. Here is what the finished proof looks like.

Proof. Let  > 0 be given. Choose δ = /3. Clearly δ > 0. Assume 0 <
|z−(1−i)| < δ, where z = x+iy and x, y ∈ R. Then |x−1+i(y+1)| < δ.
Since |<w| ≤ |w| we also have |x − 1| ≤ |x − 1 + i(y + 1)| < δ. Therefore

|[x + i(2x + y)] − (1 + i)| = |x − 1 + i(y + 1) + 2i(x − 1)|

≤ |x − 1 + i(y + 1)| + |2i(x − 1)|
< δ + |2i||x − 1| < δ + 2δ = 3δ = .

iz 3 −1
Problem #3b. Use limit theorems to find limz→i z+i
.

iz 3 − 1 ∗ limz→i iz 3 − 1 i[limz→i z]3 − 1 i4 − 1

lim = = = = 0.
z→i z + i limz→i z + i i+i 2i
The equality labeled with ∗ holds since 2i 6= 0.
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2

Problem #5. Show that limz→0 (z/z)2 does not exist.

First we compute
 2
x + i0
lim = 12 = 1.
x+i0→0 x − i0
Then we compute
 2  2  2 √ iπ/4 !2
x + ix x(1 + i) 1+i 2e
lim = lim = = √
x+ix→0 x − ix x→0 x(1 − i) 1−i 2e−iπ/4
= (eiπ/2 )2 = eiπ = −1.
Since these two special cases of limx+iy→0 [(x + iy)/(x − iy)]2 do not give
the same result, this limit does not exist.
Problem #9. Suppose limz→z0 f (z) = 0 and that there exists a num-
ber M > 0 such that |g(z)| ≤ M for all z in some δ0 -neighborhood of
z0 . Show that limz→z0 f (z)g(z) = 0.
Proof. Let  > 0 be given. Since limz→z0 f (z) = 0 and /M > 0 there is
a number δ1 > 0 such that 0 < |z − z0 | < δ1 implies |f (z) − 0| < /M .
Choose δ = min{δ0 , δ1 }. Clearly δ > 0. Assume 0 < |z − z0 | < δ. Since
|z − z0 | < δ ≤ δ0 we have |g(z)| ≤ M . Since |z − z0 | < δ ≤ δ1 we have
|f (z) − 0| < /M . Therefore
|f (z)g(z) − 0| = |f (z)||g(z)| ≤ M |f (z) − 0| < M /M = .

z 2 +1
Problem #10c. Show that limz→∞ z−1
= ∞.
Proof. By the theorem part (3) on page 51 it is enough to show that
(1/z)−1
limz→0 (1/z) 2 +1 = 0. So

(1/z) − 1 z −1 (1 − z) z(1 − z) 0(1 − 0)

lim 2
= lim −2 2
= lim 2
= = 0.
z→0 (1/z) + 1 z→0 z (1 + z ) z→0 1 + z 1 + 02
The last limit is computed by plugging in because a rational function
is continuous at each point of its domain (see middle of page 53).