Problem-2

The nonlinear optical crystal potassium Lithium Niobate (K3Li2Nb5O15) is a uniaxial

crystal, which has the symmetry of point group 4mm. Consider third harmonic
generation (THG) with following parameters:
Refractive indices:
 [nm] no ne
355 2.508 2.283
532 2.308 2.198
1064 2.208 2.112
Second-order nonlinear optical coefficients:
d24 = d15 = 210-12 m/V;
d31 = 610-12 m/V;
d33 = 48 10-12 m/V
(2)-matrix for point group of 4mm
 000 000 000 000 000 xzx xxz 000 000 
 
 , where, xzx represents  xzx
( 2)
 000 000 000 xxz xzx 000 000 000 000
 zxx zxx zzz 000 000 000 000 000 000 
 
In order to realize THG process, normally a cascaded process is employed which is
shown below.

1064 355
532
SFG
SHG

Where SHG and SFG present second harmonic generation and sum frequency
generation, respectively.
1) based on (2)-matrix given above, write out the corresponding d-matrix;
2) Calculate the coherence length of SHG and SFG (LcSHG, LcSFG) (for o-polarization only);
3) Derive the effective nonlinear coefficients (deff) for both type I and type II phase matching for
the case of SHG.
4) By considering the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) scheme for the cases of SHG and SFG, what
are values of the periodicity and reciprocal vector for this QPM configuration, respectively?
(m=1, first order QPM)
5) By considering the pump-beam undepleted case, compare the SHG conversion efficiency of
the first order QPM configuration scheme (here d33 is used) with that of the birefringence
phase matching scheme (d31 is used).
6) Plot the curve of Fourier transformation coefficient g1 as the function of duty circle.
7) Is it possible to use the element d33 to realize the birefringence phase matching? explain why?
8) Draw the simple diagram of polarized directions in birefringence phase matching (type I and
Type II) scheme and Quasi-phase matching scheme for the cases of both SHG and SFG.