DISASTER RESILIENT TOWN

PLANNING

ZERO CARBON DISTRICT

Low-Carbon and Climate Resilient (LC-CR)
development pathway

GUIDED BY:
Ms. SHIVANI CHOUHAN

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE BY:

DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SAUMYA BANSAL
DEHRADUN B.ARCH 5th YEAR SECTION A
OVERVIEW
Climate is changing at an alarming rate. Surface temperature is increasing on daily basis.
Monsoons are changing their ways and time, glaciers are melting and sea levels are rising. This
change directly hits natural disasters like Flooding, Droughts and puts human life and
investment in jeopardy. Only way out is to move hand in hand with environment and
development.

Our cities, being unorganized and insensitive to nature create a big impact on environment
and fall in the category of major reasons to cause global warming and temperature rise.
Industrialization and modernization leads to structures that release greenhouse gases in
atmosphere. These gases tend to trap sun rays and eventually cause rise in temperature.

This study provides case studies of zero carbon townships in world and suggests strategies for
how to reduce carbon footprint of cities.
AIM
“To study the impacts of global warming on society, reasons of global warming and to provide
strategies and planning guidelines for future cities”.

OBJECTIVES
• Study the indications of climate change with respect to temperature rise in various parts of
world
• Study the causes of climate change focusing on temperature rise and global warming
primarily.
• Give a brief idea of natural disasters and climatic variations associated with global warming
on society and cities.
• Study the causes of global warming and give an idea about what is carbon footprint and
how it forms major reason to cause global warming
• Provide strategies to reduce carbon footprint on township level and give case studies of
zero carbon townships in world.
SCOPE

• Awareness among people can help reduce carbon footprint on individual level
contributing towards large scale reduction.
• Awareness about zero carbon townships and strategies to reduce carbon
footprint
• Zero Carbon Townships will reduce impact of human activities on earth and will
make earth a better place to be lived in.
 CURRENT SCENARIO
MELTING OF GLACIERS

MUIR GLACIER,ALASKA : AUGUST 13,1941 AND AUGUST 31,2004

www.nasa.gov
MELTING OF GLACIERS

MCCARTY GLACIER, ALASKA : 2004 AND 1909

www.nasa.gov
CORAL REEF BLEACHING

https://matrixworldhr.com/
AUSTRALLIA’S GREAT BARRIER REEF- 93% DEAD

When water is too warm, corals will expel the algae living in their tissues causing the coral to turn
completely white
 http://www2.lbl.gov
TEMPERATURE RISE PROJECTION IN DIFFERENT SCENARIOS
2011-2030 2046-2065 2080-2099

SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

SUCCESSFUL
DEVELOPMENT

EACH NATION
FOR ITSELF

Increase in degree Celsius compared to 1980-1999

A century of global warming: three scenarios. In top panels, widespread environmental consciousness and a commitment to sustainable
development is assumed; the middle panels assume rapid and successful economic development worldwide, and a shrinking gap between rich
and poor nations; at bottom, each nation acts without regard to others, resulting in a growing gap between rich and poor. Global warming is
already locked in, but at first there are no significant differences among the scenarios; by century's end differences grow larger.
 GLOBAL WARMING
Global Warming is the
increase of Earth's
average surface
temperature due to
effect of greenhouse
gases, such as carbon
dioxide emissions
from burning fossil
fuels or from
deforestation, which
trap heat that would
otherwise escape
from Earth.

https://www.theguardian.com/
 HUMAN CONRIBUTION TO GLOBAL WARMING
• Emission of greenhouse gases
• Reduce in forest cover
• Change in land use pattern
• Energy Usage
• Vehicular Usage

https://www.theguardian.com/
 IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON CLIMATE ON INDIA

• The effect of global warming on the climate of India has led to climate disasters.
India now falls in disaster-prone area.
• The rise in precipitation, the melting of glaciers and rising sea levels have the
ability to affect the Indian climate negatively, with an increase in events of floods,
hurricanes, and storms.

RECENT CLIMATIC DISASTERS IN INDIA DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING

• FLOODS
• DROUGHTS
 IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING IN INDIA

• FLOODING

2014 INDIA PAKISTAN FLOODS http://abcnews.go.com

 CITIES WITH THE 10 HIGHEST ANNUAL FLOOD COSTS BY 2050

India falls under Flood Prone Areas

http://www.treehugger.com
• DROUGHTS

https://www.theguardian.com/

A dried up pond in Talagoan, 90 miles north-east of Mumbai. Severe drought has left hundreds of millions
reeling and experts predict the situation will only worsen as summer stretches on
www.mapsofindia.com
 GLOBAL WARMING AND CARBON FOOTPRINT

According to data calculated

in 2013, China unsurprisingly
has the largest carbon
footprint on the planet with
10.5 million kilotons of
greenhouse emissions.
http://www.indexmundi.com/

Footprint comparison of total carbon

dioxide emissions by nations and per capita
, shows there is scope for smaller nations to
reduce their carbon footprints and that
India falls under large carbon footprint
countries.
 THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
CARBON FOOTPRINT BY BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN INDIA
8%

12%
9%
9%
36%
10%

25%

70%
21%

PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

ELECTRICITY STEEL AND CEMENT INDUSTRY
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORT DOMESTIC
LIFETIME RESOURCE CONSUMPTION
AGRICULTURE
DURING CONSTRUCTION

SECTOR WISE CONTRIBUTION IN TOTAL BREAKDOWN OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION IN

CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION IN INDIA BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

The building and construction sector emits about 22 per cent of the total annual CO2 emissions. 70 per
cent of the construction sector emissions result mainly from the products / industrial processes the
four energy intensive building materials i.e. steel, cement, bricks and lime.
www.researchgate.net
 WORLD’S URGENT NEED
ZERO CARBON DISTRICTS
Zero carbon city: More specifically still a city which produces no CHG and is run exclusively o energy from
renewable sources. Ultimately it boils down on reaching a sustainable habitat which is possible only a
holistic approach.
WORLD’S FIRST ZERO CARBON CITY- MASDAR
Project: Masdar City
Client: Masdar
Location: Abu Dhabi, UAE
Estimated Completion: 2030
Area: 6 Million sq. meter

KEY POINTS-
 Based on the concept of ancient walled city
 Square planning with internal shades
walkways and pedestrian pathways
 Open and gathering areas on the internal side
of city
 Climate responsive material treatment on
facades
 Giant umbrellas provided for shading with
solar panels
 Energy demands to be completed by internal
sources
View of Masdar. Old traditional jaali facades in use Source:
www.dezeen.com

View of Masdar. Phase one of the city is now complete. By 2015,

Masdar is expected to house 7,000 residents and 12,000 commuters
from Abu Dhabi. Central open areas on the inner edge Source:
www.dezeen.com
Giant umbrellas providing shade inbuilt with solar panels Source: www.
dezeen.com

Section through central area source: www.dezeen.com

 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA

WHAT IS EIA?
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a method which enables analysis of positive and
negative consequences of a project, plan or activities. By EIA, one understand the overview,
analysis and assessment of activities, whose realization is planned with the goal of insuring
acceptable environmental development.

MAIN STAGES-

PRELIMANARY DETAILED
FOLLOW-UP
ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF EIA

Source: Glasson et al. 2005.

 SUGGESTIONS FOR PLANNING APPROACH
• Future city development should encourage the use of public transit by design of a
mixed-use, transit oriented development; all leading to significantly reduced GHG
emissions.
• Cities should be dense and compact in the center so that more people can
accommodate in and commuting could be reduced. This would automatically cut
down up to 40% of carbon emission as people could walk to their work or travel
less.
• Inter connection through GHG free public transport and transit orient
development could be of a great help.
• By reorienting the street grid, optimization in solar exposure and protection from
wind can be achieved to save energy on lighting, heating and cooling, while
making outdoor area more hospitable.
• Buildings should only be designed according to green building guidelines by LEED
and GRIHA
• EIA should be compulsory for every structure to pass with.
• Most of the residents should live within a 10-minute walk of the commercial
center.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Dechert, S. (Sandy Dechert ). How Big A Deal Is Economy–Energy CO2 Decoupling?
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• FAIRS, M. (2009). MASDAR CITY CENTER BY LAVA.
• FREARSON, A. (2011). INSIDE MASDAR CITY: A MODERN MIRAGE. THE GAURDIAN.
• GHHH. (n.d.).
• Goldenberg, S. (Tuesday 16 February 2016 ). Masdar's zero-carbon dream could become
world’s first green ghost town. THE GAURDIAN.
• GRAHAM, K. (MAR 19, 2016). Bhutan is not just carbon neutral, it's carbon negative. DIGITAL
JOURNAL.
• Graphic: Dramatic glacier melt. (n.d.). NASA Climate 365 projec.
• Hoornweg, D. (December 2010, Vol. 10). CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE: AN URGENT
AGENDA. URBAN DEVELOPMENT SERIES KNWOLEDGE PAPERS.
• INDIA, G. O. (2015).
• INDIA, G. O. (2015). STATISTICS RELATED TO CLIMTE CHNGE.
• Patil, V. (2016). Which Is The Only Carbon-Negative Country? Science ABC.
• Protano-Goodwin, T. (2016). Bhutan is the only carbon negative country in the world. GVI.
• Seshardi, S. (2014). The new global sustainabilty phenomenon : zero energy districts. The
Masterbuilder.
• World's first zero-carbon city: Masdar in pictures. (Tuesday 26 April 2011 ). GREEN
ECONOMY.