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Signal Flow Graph

One possible signal flow graph (or system diagram) for Eq. (5.1) is given in Fig.5.1a for the case of
and . Hopefully, it is easy to see how this diagram represents the difference
equation (a box labeled `` '' denotes a one-sample delay in time). The diagram remains true if it
is converted to the frequency domain by replacing all time-domain signals by their respective z
transforms (or Fourier transforms); that is, we may replace by and by .
transforms and their usage will be discussed in Chapter 6.

Figure 5.1: Signal flow graph for the filter difference equation
.
(a) Direct form I. (b) Direct form II.

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Signal Flow Graph Page 2 of 2

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``Introduction to Digital Filters with Audio Applications'', by Julius O. Smith III, (September 2007 Edition).
Copyright © 2016-05-31 by Julius O. Smith III
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), Stanford University

https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/fp/Signal_Flow_Graph_I.html 7/18/2016