1. (A) Helll help Tina prepare for the 7.(A) She won't be a candidate next year. meeting, (B) She doesn't believe the news. (B) He's disappointed that he'll have to (C) The news doesn't upset her. miss the meeting, (D) The news will disappoint Mary. (C) He often works extra hours. (D) He's afraid the meeting won't end on —_—_—8. (A) Try to find the woman's roommate. time. (B) Buy tickets for the film festival. (©) Give the woman a ride to the 2. (A) The iman will take the camera to be bookstore repaired. (D) Get a schedule for the woman, (B) The woman will take a picture of the man. 9. (A) He doesn't know many composers of (C) The woman will show the man how to classical music use the camera, (B) Annie might spend a lot of money on (D) The woman will borrow the man's classical music. camera. (C) He has known Annie's neighbor for many years. 3. (A) He'd like to apply for a replacement (D) Annie should try not to get sick. card. (B) He needed to see a doctor two weeks 10. (A) She'll probably be late for her ago. appointment with the dentist. (C) He's pleased that the woman found (B) She won't be riding with her class to the card. the museum. (D) He's glad he was finally able to get an (C) She'll meet the man in front of the appointment. library. (D) She forgot that her class was going 4, (A) She doesn't understand the man's to the museum question (B) She doesn't have time to repeat the 11. (A) She thinks it will rain today. explanation now. (B) Her hobby is collecting coins. (C) She doesn't mind answering questions (C) She'll change the money for the man, (D) Shell return soon. (D) She's keeping the money for an emergency. 5. (A) The woman doesn't accept the man's apology. 12. (A) He studies engineering, (B) The woman wasn't bothered by the (B) He has only recently become delay. interested in philosophy. (C) The man didn't realize the woman was (C) He wasn't at the lecture. waiting. (D) He thinks Professor Wamer is a (D) The man waited a long time for the good teacher. bus. 13. (A) The reports should have been 6. (A) The coat isn't warm enough to wear in completed by today. cold weather. (B) Only the first part of the report is (B) She bought the coat last winter. due next Friday. (C) She needs to have the coat cleaned (C) Some students didn't finish their before next winter. reports on time. (D) The coat is the only warm coat she (D) Some students haven't started their owns. Teports yet.14. (A) Spend thirty dollars on the painting. (B) Sell one of his paintings. (C) Look for a less expensive painting, (D) Buy ‘he painting without the frame. 15. (A) Exercise less frequently. (B) Take less medicine each day. (C) Visit him as soon as possible. (D) Take a new kind of headache medicine. 16. (A) His job starts next week. (B) He's eager to start his new job. (C) His professor was mistaken about the job. (D) He believes the job interview went well. 17. (A) Janet didn't attend. (B) Janet's friends did a lot of the work. (C) The man wasnt invited. (D) It was canceled at the last minute. 18. (A) He's looking for another roommate. (B) He's sharing the room with his brothers. (C) He hasn't met his roommate yet. (D) He doesn't think the room is too small. 19, (A) The train to Middletown is often late. (B) The man has missed the train to Middletown. (C) The next train to Middletown leaves in eleven minutes. (D) Trains don't stop at Middletown in the evening. 20. (A) Wear his suit. (B) Prepare for cold weather. (C) Find out who's going to the party. (D) Dress informally. 21. (A) She's not sure she'll be seeing Julia, (B) She'll phone Julia later in the week. (C) She doesn't know Julia's phone number. (D) She doesnt think Julia knows about registration. 22. (A) Most of them were written near the end of the authors lifetime. (B) Many of them aren't included in the library's collection. (©) They were all highly praised by literary critics. (D) Many readers like to collect them. 23. (A) The man is a good student. (B) The man shouldn't work overtime. (C) She wishes that she had a job. (D) She doesn't want to work with the man, 24, (A) She doesn't expect to meet with Kevin today. (B) She can't wait any longer for Kevin, (C) Kevin is often late. : {D) Kevin has probably overslept. 25. (A) The books are all required for the history course. (B) Some of the books are for courses other than history. (C) He pians to read more than just the books that are required. (D) He's worried he may not finish the required reading. 26. (A) Watch a movie on television. (B) Go out to dinner with the man, (C) Goto the tennis court. (D) Play in the tournament. 27..(A) She wishes she could help the man. (B) She has a bigger problem than the man has. (C) She knows a mechanic who can fix the man's car. (D) The man should buy a new car.28. (A) She's pleased the man's schedule won't change, (B) She can't offer the man a flexible schedule. (C) Whoever works at the front desk must have a flexible schedule. (D) She doesn't need anyone else to work at the front desk. 29. (A) He wants the woman to repeat her question. (B) He agrees with the woman, (C) He wants to talk about the movie. (D) He wants to see the movie again. 30. (A) Professor Lane is liked by her students, (B) Professor Lane never gives high grades. (C) The man deserves the grade he received. (D) The man should phone Professor Lane to thank her. Part B Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen, Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book. 31. (A) How different kinds of pepper are produced. (B) Why white pepper is superior to black pepper. (C) How the pepper plant is grown. (D) How various peppers are used in cooking. 32. (A) He read about it in a cookbook. (B) He grows his own herbs and spices. (C) He heard about it from a friend. (D) He studied it in cooking school. 33. (A) It's preserved in liquid. (B) The skin is removed. (C) It's dried in the sun. (D) It's freeze-dried. 34, (A) It’s more pure than other types of pepper. (B) It helps maintain the color of certain dishes. (C) It has a fruity flavor. (D) It's easier to grow. 35. (A) He answered all her questions correctly. (B) He received a good grade in cooking class. (C) She likes what he has just cooked. (D) She's impressed with his knowledge of pepper. 36.(A) A story in prose. (B) A poem that rhymes, (C) A translation of a short literary work. (D A journal about the process of writing.37. (A) The class has been assigned to read 38. (A) It's pronounced differently in French it. than it is in English. (B) He was able to read it in French. (B) To write without using it is difficult (C) He isn't sure it's available in English. both in English and in French. (D) He thinks it's an example of what the (C) Every word in the French author's professor wants. book contained it. (D) It's commonly used in English to make poetry thyme. Part C Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and the questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Here is an example. On the recording, you hear: Now listen to a sample question. Sample Answer 2Deon In your test book, you read: (A) To demonstrate the latest use of computer graphics. (B) To discuss the possibility of an economic depression. (C) To explain the workings of the brain. (D) To dramatize a famous mystery story. The best answer to the question "What is the main purpose of the program?” is (C),"To explain the workings of the brain.” Therefore, the correct choice is (C). Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer 2DBOoe In your test book, you read: (A) It is required of all science majors. (B) It will never be shown again, (C) It can help viewers improve their memory skills. (D) It will help with course work. ‘The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the program?" is (D), "It will help with course work." Therefore, the correct choice is (D). Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.39, (A) As the result of the moisture in the Earth's atmosphere, (B) As the result of the Earth's rotation. (C) As the horizontal movement of air. (D) As the vertical movement of air. 40. (A) It's the ultimate cause of winds. (B) It causes vertical movements of air. (C) It reduces differences in air pressure. (D) Its used to predict weather patterns. 41. (A) Air pressure, (D) Wind direction. 42. (A) How winds affect temperature. (B) Reasons for sudden increases in wind, (C) The origin of storm systems. (D) How vertical air movement influences weather. 43, (A) Factors that affect the ability to remember. (B) The influence of childhood memories on adulthood. (©)A proposal for future psychological research. (D) Benefits of busy lifestyle. 44, (A) The need to exercise the memory. (B) How the brain differs from other body tissues. (C) The unconscious learning of a physical activity. (D) How nerves control body movement. 45, (A) Repeat it aloud. (B) Write it down. (©) Make a mental picture of it. (D) practice recalling it. 46, (A) Ask questions about the assigned reading. (B) Give an example of active learning. (C) Explain recent research on recalling childhood memories. (D) Make an assignment for the next class session, 47. (A) How they behave toward ants from other nests. (B) What they usually eat. (C) Why they are becoming extinct. (D) Why they were brought to California 48, (A) They protect Argentine ants that live in neighboring nests. (B) They gather food with Argentine ants from other nests. (C) They fight Argentine ants from other nests. (D) They generally build larger nests than other ant species do, 49. (A) They attack members of their own nests. (B) They recruit ants from other species into their nests. (C) They form large colonies made of several nests. (D) They hide from insects that attack their nests. 50. (A) They share the same few ancestors. (B) They can't be distinguished from native Californian ants. (C) They are evolving faster than native Californian ants. (D) Their future survival is in doubt.. Geothermal energy is a potentially inexhaustible energy source ——~- been tapped by humans for centuries but, until recent years, only on a small scale. (A) has it (B) has (C) that has (D) that it has . The importance of the hand, and more generally of the body, in children’ s acquisition of arithmetic —-. (A) can hardly be exaggerated (B) hardly exaggerated can be (C) can be exaggerated hardly (D) exaggerated can be hardly |. —— is present in the body in greater amounts than any other mineral. (A) Calcium (B) There is calcium (C) Calcium, which (D) Itis calcium the evidence is inconclusive, itis thought that at least some seals have an echolocation system akin to that of bats, porpoises, and shrews. (A) Rather (B) Despite (C) Although (D) Why . The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system is much less —— mass of Earth's Moon. (A) than that is the (B) than the (C) the (D)is the 5. Like bacteria, protozoans —— by splitting in two. (A) reproducing (B) reproduce (C) to reproduce (D) reproduction ----- main processes involved in virtually all manufacturing: extraction, assembly, and ..{teration. (A) There are three (B) Three (C) The three (D) Three of the 8. Most documentary filmmakers use neither actors —-—- studio settings. (A) or else (B) but not (©) nor (D) and 9. Salamanders are sometimes confused with lizards, but unlike lizards —— no scales or claws. (A) that they have (B) to have (C) they have (D) are having 10. The province of Alberta lies along three of the major North American flyways used by birds —— between their winter and summer homes. (A) the migration (B) migrating (©) migrate (D) and migrate 11. Astronomers estimate called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is 415 light-years away from Earth. (A) that a loose cluster of stars (B)a loose cluster of stars is (C) that is a loose cluster of stars (D) there is a loose cluster of stars 12. Pearl Sydenstricker Buck, the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938, is best known for her novels about China. (A) won (B) winner of (©) to win (D) who the winner of13, Stage producers Klaw and Erlanger were the first to eliminate arguments among, leading performers ——— in order of appearance, instead of prominence. (A) of whom list the program (B) the program listing (C) for them the program listed (D) by listing them on the program 14, During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible —— and uniformity of railroad service. (A) a new integration (B) for a new integration (C) that anew integration (D) and a new integration 15. Forests stabilize —— and retain precipitation, thereby helping to prevent erosion and regulate the flow of streams. (A) to the soit (B) the soil (C) where the soil (D) the soil is Written Expression Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Sample Answer enon Example 1 Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males’ bright colors. A B Cc D The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the males’ bright colors." Therefore, you should choose (A). Example I Sample Answer Beow Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United A B c States politician. D The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.” Therefore, you should choose (B). Now begin work on the questions.16. Modem societies are such complex that they could not exist A B system of law. D 17. Altitude, climate, temperature, and the length of the growing season both determine A B c where plants will grow. D 18, The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel designed for underwater exploration, consists of a A B flotation compartment with a observation capsule attached underneath it. c D ‘ 19. Water constitutes almost 96 percent of the body weight of a jellyfish, so if a jellyfish were A B to dry out in the sun, it would virtually disappeared. Cc D 20. The most important parameters affecting a rocket's maximum flight velocity is the A relationship between the vehicle's mass and the amount of propellant It can carry . B c D 21. There were once only eight major lakes or reservoirs in Texas, but today there are over 180, A B many built to storing water against periodic droughts. c D 22. All harmonized music that is not contrapuntal depends from the relationship of chords, A B G which are either consonant or dissonant. D 23. Expressionist drama often shows the influence of modem psychology by reflecting the frustrations inner of the dratmatist. ° “ D 7 24. [tis the number, kind, and arrange of teeth that determine whether a mammal is classified s a camivore—not the food fe the animal actual eats, “ 25. The sea otter is well adapted at its marine existence, with ears and nostrils that can be A B c D closed under water. 1026. Petroleum, which currently makes up about four-tenths of the world’s energy production, A . B supplics move commercial energy than any another source. c D 27. Someone may refuse to recognize the seriousness of an emotionally threatening situation A B ic and perceive as less threatening, D 28. Through experiments with marine organisms, marine biologists can increase our knowledge A B of human reproductive and development as well as our understanding of the nervous c D system. 29. When swollen by melting snow or heavy rain, some rivers routinely overflow its banks. A B c D 30. In 1884 Belva Lockwood, a lawyer who had appeared before the Supreme Court, became A B the first woman was nominated for President of the United States. ie D 31. The taller of all animals, a full-grown giraffe may be eighteen feet or more high. A B c D 32. Physicists have known since the early nineteenth century that all matter is made up of A B c tiny extremely particles called atoms. D 33. Rain is slight acidic even in unpolluted air, because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere A B and other natural acid-forming gases dissolve in the water. c D 34. In a stock company, a troupe of actors performs in a particular theater, presenting plays A B from its repertory of prepare productions. ic) D 35. Established in 1860, the Government Printing Office prints and binds documents for all A B department of the United States government. | D36. Ethnology, usually considered a branch of cultural anthropology, is often defined as the A B scientifically study of the origin and functioning of humans and their cultures. ic) D 37. The one-fluid theory of electricity was proposing by Benjamin Franklin, a man famous for A B Cc his wide interests and great attainments. D 38. Probably not speech of so few words has ever been as celebrated as Lincoln's Gettysburg, a) ce D Address. 39. Generally, Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable images and does not A B adhere the limits of conventional form. c D 40. Although complete paralysis is rare with neuritis, some degree of muscle A B c weakness common. DLine o (10 ays 20 (25) Questions 1-9 Glass fibers have a long history, The Egypitans made coarse fibers by 1600 gc, and fibers survive as decorations on Egyptian pottery dating back to 1375 ac, During the Renaissance (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D.), glassmakers from Venice used glass fibers to decorate the surfaces of plain glass vessels. However, glassmakers guarded their secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early seventeenth century. The eighteenth century brought the invention of "spun glass” fibers. René-Antoine de Réaumur, a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibers by rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted that spun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric. , By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the cooling end of the thread around a yarn reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, making, decorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of little practical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than and could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate hats, Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glass looked golden. Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous filaments were developed. In the modern manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundreds of fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel. 1, Which of the following aspects of glass 2. The word "coarse" in line | is closest in fiber does the passage mainly discuss? meaning to (A) The major developments in its (A) decorative production (B) natural (B) Its relationship with pottery making (©)enide (C) important inventors in its long history (D) weak (D) The variety of its uses in modern industry3. Why was there nothing written about the making of Renaissance glass fibers until the seventeenth century? (A) Glasstnakers were unhappy with the quality of the fibers they could make. (B) Glassmakers did not want to reveal the methods they used. (C) Few people were interested in the Renaissance style of glass fibers. (D) Production methods had been well known for a long time. 4. According to the passage, using a hot glass tube rather than a wheel to pull fibers from molten glass made the fibers (A) quicker to cool (B) harder to bend (© shorter and more easily broken (D) longer and more durable 5. The phrase "this material” in line 16 refers to (A) glass fibers (B) decorations (C) omaments (D) novelties for collectors 6. The word "brittle" in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) easily broken (B) roughly made (©) hairy (D) shiny 15 7. The production of glass fibers was improved in the nineteenth century by which of the following’ (A) Adding silver to the molten glass (B) Increasing the circumference of the glass tubes (C) Putting silk thread in the center of the fibers (D) Using yam reels 8. The word "appreciated" in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) experienced (B) recognized (C) explored (D) increased 9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? (A) invention (line 7) (B) circumference (line 17) (C) manufacturing process (line 24) (D) bushing (Tine25)Questions 10-19 The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting, birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks Line for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks. (5) The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodentlike (10) squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks. ‘ Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which (15) the plover “escapes” is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest. The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The (20) bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. ‘Needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest. 10. What does the passage mainly discuss? 12, Which of the following is mentioned in (A) The nest-building techniques of the passage about plovers? plovers (A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to (B) How predators search for plovers find, (C) The strategies used by plovers to (B) They are generally defenseless when deceive predators away From their nests, (D) Why plovers are vulnerable to (C) They are slow to react in dangerous predators situations. (D) Their nests are on the surface of the \ 11, The word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in ground. meaning to (A) often. 13. The word “emitting” in line 9 is closest (B) only in meaning to (C) usually (A) bringing (D) at first (B) attracting (C) producing (D) minimizing 1614. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2. the plover tries to (A) stay close to her nest (B) attract the predator's attention (C) war other plovers of danger (D) frighten the approaching predator 15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) covering (B) selecting (C) developing (D) explaining 16. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plovers behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened? (A) Abnormal body position (B) Irregular escape route (C) Unnatural wing movement (D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest 17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in meaning to. (A) catch. (B) notice (© defend (D) chase 18. According to the passage, a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT (A) appearing to be injured (B) sounding like another animal (C) pretending to search for prey (D) pretending to sit on her eggs 19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? (A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building (B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples (C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds (D) A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predatorLine S ao) )) ) (25) 20. What is the author's main purpose in the Passage? Questions 20-28 The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today~summed up, not altogether accurately, ~s "research and development." Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way toa technology based on the systematic application of sciemtific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them, The list expanded noticeably after 1870. but even then much of what passed for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science. Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness—if not understanding-of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways. In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional. 21. The word "altogether" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) To show how technology influenced basic science (B) To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries (©) To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology, an: (D) To argue that basic science has no practical application 22. The word "inten: (A) completely (B) realistically (©) individually (D) understandably e" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) decreased (B) concentrated (C) creative (D) advanced23. The "list" mentioned in line 13 refers to (A) types of scientific knowledge (B) changes brought by technology (C) industr.-5 that used scientific techniques (D) applications of engineering science 24, The understanding of research and development in the late nineteenth century is based on which of the following? (A) Engineering science is not very important. (B) Fundamental science naturally leads to economic benefits. (C) The relationship between research and development should be criticized. (D) Industrial needs should determine what areas fundamental science focuses on. 25. The word "it" in line 16 refers to (A) understanding (B) public awareness (C) scientific knowledge (D) expansion 26. The word "assumption" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) regulation (B) belief (C) contract (D) confusion 19 27. Why does the author mention “consultants” in line 24 ? (A) To show how new areas of science have given rise to new professions (B) To distinguish between scientists who work in industry and those who do not (C) To explain the ways in which scientists find financial support for their work (D) To show how scientists who work in basic research contribute to applied science 28. Which of the following statements does the passage support? (A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent. (B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications. (C) Industries should spend less money on research and development. (D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.Line ) 0) as) 20) 25) Questions 29-39 The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870’ s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and tumed instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true” relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans. and the influence of science. Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South; Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah Ome Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style. Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardshij studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. ‘Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience. ‘Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs. not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was "not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.” 29. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century 30. The word “prevailed” in line 3 is closest United States literature does the passage in meaning to mainly discuss? (A) dominated (A) The influence of science on (B) transformed literature (C) entered (B) The importance of dialects for realist (D) generalized writers (C) The emergence of realism and 31. The word "they" in line 8 refers to naturalism (A) authors (D) The effects of industrialization on (B) dialects (©) stories (D) relationships 2032. According to the passage, a highly significant factor in the development of realist and naturalist literature was (A) the Civil War (B) a recognition that romanticism was unpopular (C) an increased interest in the study of ‘common speech (D) an economic depression 33, Realist writers took an interest in all of the following EXCEPT (A) human relationships (B) characteristics of different regions (C) the idealization of life (D) social and historical theories 34, The word “depicted” in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) emphasized (B) described (C) criticized (D) classified 35. Why does the author mention mining camps in line 14? (A) To contrast the themes of realist and naturalist writers (B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed from other authors (C) As an example of a topic taken up by realist writers (D) As an example of how setting can influence literary style 36. Which of the following wrote about life in rural New England? (A) Ellen Glasgow (B) Sarah Orne Jewett (C) Hamlin Garland (D) Mark Twain 37. Mark Twain is considered an important literary figure because he (A) was the first realist writer in the United States (B) rejected romanticism as a literary approach (C) wrote humorous stories and novels (D) influenced American prose style through his use of common speech 38. The word "foremost" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) most difficult (B) imteresting (C) most focused (D) leading 39. Which of the following statements about Theodore Dreiser is supported by the passage? (A) He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War. (B) His novels often contained elements of humor. (C) He viewed himself more as a social commentator than as a literary artist. (D) He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. Line The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early (5) decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a super (10) natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year —round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines (15) led to the opening of the Southem California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America’ s greatest refining center. Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an (20) area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business trict did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 ccars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl! and dismissed Los (25) Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of acity built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city. 40. What is the passage mainly about? 42. The word "meteoric" in line 6 is closest (A) The growth of cities in the United in meaning to States in the early 1900's (A) rapid (B) The development of the Southem (B) famous California oil fields (C) controversial (C) Factors contributing to the growth of (D) methodical Los Angeles (D) Industry and city planning in Los 43. The word “it" in line 8 refers to Angeles (A) aqueduct (B) vision 41. The author characterizes the growth of (C) water new large cities in the United States after (D) agricultural potential 1900 as resulting primarily from (A) new economic conditions (B) images of cities shown in movies (C) new agricultural techniques (D) a large migrant population 244. According to the passage, the most important factor in» the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the (A) influs ©“ new residents to agricultural areas near the city (B) construction of an aqueduct (C) expansion of transportation facilities (D) development of new connections to the city’s natural harbor 45. According to the passage, the initial success of Hollywood’ s motion picture industry was due largely to the (A) availability of many skilled workers (B) beauty of the countryside (C) region's reputation for luxurious lifestyles (D) region's climate and good weather 46. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the Los Angeles area were employed in (A) farming, (B) oil refining (C) automobile manufacturing (D) the motion picture industry 47. According to the passage, the Southem California oil fields were initially exploited due to (A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles’ rail system (B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America (C)a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use (D) innovative planning on the part of the city founders 23 48. The phrase "apace with” in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) anew with (B) apart from (C)as fast as (D) at the middle of 49. It can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed to the relative decline there of (A) public transportation (B) industrial areas (C) suburban neighborhoods (D) oil fields 50. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles (A) was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images (B) lacked good suburban areas in which tolive (C) had an excessively large population (D) was not really a single city