2 brs 29/05 /08 EXAMS OFFICE USE ONLY University of the Witwatersr 1d, Johannesburg Course or topic Nols) Course or topic namels) Paper Number & title Examination Test’ to be held during months) of "tees appicabll Year of Study lire & Science leave blank) Degree/Diplomas for which this course is prescribed {Se (Eng shoul ciate tc branch) Faculty/les presenting candidates Internal examinerts) ‘and telephone extension number(s) External examiners) Special materials required lraphimusicidrawing paper maps, diagrams, tables, ‘computer cards, etc Time allowance Instructions to candidates (Examiners may wish to use this space to indicate, inter alia the contribution made by this examination oF test towards the year mark, if appropriatel MecN4004 GAS DYNAMICS AND PROPULSION MAY 2008 FOURTH Po 8Sc. ENG) AERONAUTICAL a ENGINEERING Prof 8 W Skews (x 77324) Mr R Paton (X77338) Mr § Tuling, CSIR (012 841 4893) Gas dynamic tables List of equations One Aé sheet of notes is permitted Course | Mecn4o04 | Hours | 2 HOURS Nos. ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND TWO OTHERS START EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE. TOTAL MARKS: 100MECN 4004 QUESTION 1 (Compulsory) Please answer as briefly as possible. Thorough point-form answers are preferred, ‘A study is to be made of the lateral forces on multi-deck carriages used to transfer ore passing in a mine shaft. Initially a 2-dimensional study is to be made to determine the magnitude of theses forces due to an expected low pressure region between the two carriages as they pass at speed. These force data are to be fed into a dynamic model of the lateral motion of the carriages during the passage and afterward to examine the possibility of damage from striking the guide rails. ‘There is a constant updraft in the shaft of $ m.s". The model is to examine the passage of the carriages moving past each other from 2 carriage heights before the passage until the carriages are separated by 3 carriage heights. The proximity of the shaft wall may be neglected. The geometry of the carriages and shaft is given below: 30 ms" 7.5m im am 1) Given the above conditions, describe (with reasons): a) The geometry generated in Gambit with particular reference to the boundary types specified and mesh specification (6 Marks); b) The solver one would specify to most accurately model the given conditions with particular reference to compressibility and viscosity / vorticity modelling as well as the solution procedure to develop the dynamic solution and (7 Marks); ¢) The surfaces to inspect and method one would use to measure the lateral force on ane of the carriages (2 Marks) 2) Describe the concept of mesh independence and the importance thereof in validating CFD solutions (5 Marks)MECN 4004 2 PAGES - PAGE 2 QUESTION 2 Air is supplied to an insulated duct through a convergent-divergent nozzle having an area ratio of 1. Stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature in the upstream reservoir are 150 kPa and 300 K. The duct length is 0.35 m, has a diameter of 0.01 m, It discharges to a back pressure of 61 kPa, The average friction factor is 0.002. Determine the Mach number, the pressure, and the temperature at the exit of the duct, and the mass rate of flow. (40 marks) QUESTION 3 A converging-diverging nozzle feeds air at Mach 2.0 into the inlet of a frictionless duct. The upstream stagnation conditions are 750 kPa and 500 K. The density at the duct exit is 1.35 kg.m’. Determine the Mach number, the velocity, and the pressure at the exit of the duct due to Rayleigh flow. Also determine the total heat transfer per unit mass between the inlet and exit. (40 marks) QUESTION 4 An overexpanded converging-diverging nozzle has exit and throat areas of 0.002637 m* and 0.001 m? respectively. The reservoir supplying the nozzle is at a pressure and temperature of 750 kPa and 500 K. The nozzle discharges to a back pressure of 100 kPa. Determine the Mach number, pressure, temperature, and flow direction in regions 2, 3, and 4. (40 marks)