UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

1. PARTE EXPERIMENTAL
V vs. I
TABLA Nº 1
I (A) V (V)
0.50 2.18
1.00 4.36
2.00 8.72
4.00 17.44

GRÁFICA

20.00

18.00

16.00

14.00

12.00
V (V)

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
I (A)

Mediciones
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 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

CALCULANDO LA ECUACIÓN DE LA GRÁFICA GENERADA:

Se sabe que la ecuación de la recta está dado por:

𝑦 = 𝑏 + 𝑚𝑥
Donde:

𝑝 ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 − ∑ 𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑦𝑖 ∑ 𝑥𝑖 2 ∑ 𝑦𝑖 − ∑ 𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖
𝑚= , 𝑏=
𝑝 ∑ 𝑥𝑖2 − (∑ 𝑥𝑖 )2 𝑝 ∑ 𝑥2𝑖 − (∑ 𝑥𝑖 )
2

Xi Yi Xi Yi Xi 2
1 0.50 2.18 1.09 0.25
2 1.00 4.36 4.36 1.00
3 2.00 8.72 17.44 4.00
4 4.00 17.44 69.76 16.00
p=4 ∑ 𝒙𝒊 =7.50 ∑ 𝒚𝒊 =32.70 ∑ 𝒙𝒊 𝒚𝒊=92.65 ∑ 𝒙𝒊 𝟐 =21.25

4 × 92.65 − 7.50 × 32.7

𝑚= → 𝑚 = 4.36
4 × 21.25 − (7.50)2

21.25 × 32.7 − 7.50 × 92.65

𝑏= → 𝑏=0
4 × 21.25 − (7.50)2

 La Ec. De la grafica generada es:

𝑦 = 4.36𝑥

Mediciones
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 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

h vs. t
TABLA Nº 2.1
h (cm) Tiempo de vaciado (s)
30.00 73.00 41.20 18.40 6.80 3.20
20.00 59.90 33.70 14.90 5.30 2.70
10.00 43.00 23.70 10.50 3.90 2.00
4.00 26.70 15.00 6.80 2.60 1.30
1.00 13.50 7.80 3.70 1.50 0.80

GRÁFICA Nº 2.1

80.00

75.00

70.00

65.00

60.00

55.00

50.00

45.00
Diametro= 1.5 cm
h (cm)

40.00 Diametro= 2 cm
Diametro= 3 cm
35.00
Diametro= 5 cm
30.00 Diametro= 7 cm

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
Tiempo de vaciado (s)

Mediciones
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 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

CALCULANDO LA ECUACIÓN DE LA CADA CURVA GENERADA:

La ecuación de la función Potencial:

𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑘 = 10𝑏 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑚

Donde:

𝑝 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖 − ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖

𝑚=
𝑝 ∑(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2 − (∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2
∑(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖 − ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖
𝑏=
𝑝 ∑(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2 − (∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2

Para D=1.5 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 73.00 1.48 1.86 2.75 2.18
2 20.00 59.90 1.30 1.78 2.31 1.69
3 10.00 43.00 1.00 1.63 1.63 1.00
4 4.00 26.70 0.60 1.43 0.86 0.36
5 1.00 13.50 0.00 1.13 0.00 0.00
P= 5 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =7.83 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =7.56 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.5 𝑏 = 1.13

𝑘 = 101.13 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.5

 𝑦 = 13.4𝑥 0.5

Para D= 2 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 . = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 . = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 41.20 1.48 1.61 2.39 2.18
2 20.00 33.70 1.30 1.53 1.99 1.69
3 10.00 23.70 1.00 1.37 1.37 1.00
4 4.00 15.00 0.60 1.18 0.71 0.36
5 1.00 7.80 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.00
P= 5 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =6.59 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =6.46 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.49 𝑏 = 0.89

𝑘 = 100.89 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.49

 𝑦 = 100.89 𝑥 0.49

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 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

Para D= 3 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 18.40 1.48 1.26 1.87 2.18
2 20.00 14.90 1.30 1.17 1.53 1.69
3 10.00 10.50 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.00
4 4.00 6.80 0.60 0.83 0.50 0.36
5 1.00 3.70 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.00
P= 5 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟔 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =4.92 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.47 𝑏 =0.56

𝑘 = 100.56 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.47

 𝑦 = 100.56 𝑥 0.47

Para D= 5 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 6.80 1.48 0.83 1.23 2.18
2 20.00 5.30 1.30 0.43 0.56 1.69
3 10.00 3.90 1.00 0.59 0.59 1.00
4 4.00 2.60 0.60 0.41 0.25 0.36
5 1.00 1.50 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00
P= 5 65.00 17.50 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =2.74 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =3.01 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.44 𝑏 = 0.16

𝑘 = 100.16 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.44

 𝑦 = 100.16 𝑥 0.44

Para D= 7 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 3.20 1.48 0.51 0.75 2.18
2 20.00 2.70 1.30 0.43 0.56 1.69
3 10.00 2.00 1.00 0.30 0.30 1.00
4 4.00 1.30 0.60 0.11 0.07 0.36
5 1.00 0.80 0.00 -0.10 0.00 0.00
65.00 67.20 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =1.25 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =1.68 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.41 𝑏 = - 0.11

𝑘 = 10−0.11 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.41

 𝑦 = 10−0.11 𝑥 0.41

Mediciones
5
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

D vs. t
TABLA Nº 2.2

D (cm) Tiempo de vaciado (s)

1.50 73.00 59.90 43.00 26.70 13.50
2.00 41.20 33.70 23.70 15.00 7.80
3.00 18.40 14.90 10.50 6.80 3.70
5.00 6.80 5.30 3.90 2.60 1.50
7.00 3.20 2.70 2.00 1.30 0.80

GRÁFICA Nº 2.1

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

Altura= 30 cm
D (cm)

40.00 Altura= 20 cm
Altura= 15 cm
Altura= 4 cm
30.00 Altura= 1 cm

20.00

10.00

0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Tiempo de vaciado (s)

Mediciones
6
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

CALCULANDO LA ECUACIÓN DE CADA CURVA GENERADA:

La ecuación de la función Potencial:

𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑘 = 10𝑏 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑚

Donde:

𝑝 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖 − ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖

𝑚=
𝑝 ∑(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2 − (∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2
∑(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖 − ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦𝑖
𝑏=
𝑝 ∑(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2 − (∑ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑖 )2

Para h=30 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 73.00 1.48 1.86 2.75 2.18
2 20.00 59.90 1.30 1.78 2.31 1.69
3 10.00 43.00 1.00 1.63 1.63 1.00
4 4.00 26.70 0.60 1.43 0.86 0.36
5 1.00 13.50 0.00 1.13 0.00 0.00
P= 5 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =7.83 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =7.56 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.5 𝑏 = 1.13

𝑘 = 101.13 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.5

 𝑦 = 13.4𝑥 0.5

Para h= 20 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 . = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 . = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 41.20 1.48 1.61 2.39 2.18
2 20.00 33.70 1.30 1.53 1.99 1.69
3 10.00 23.70 1.00 1.37 1.37 1.00
4 4.00 15.00 0.60 1.18 0.71 0.36
5 1.00 7.80 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.00
P= 5 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =6.59 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =6.46 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.49 𝑏 = 0.89

𝑘 = 100.89 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.49

 𝑦 = 100.89 𝑥 0.49

Mediciones
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 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

Para h= 10 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 18.40 1.48 1.26 1.87 2.18
2 20.00 14.90 1.30 1.17 1.53 1.69
3 10.00 10.50 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.00
4 4.00 6.80 0.60 0.83 0.50 0.36
5 1.00 3.70 0.00 0.57 0.00 0.00
P= 5 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟔 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =4.92 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.47 𝑏 =0.56

𝑘 = 100.56 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.47

 𝑦 = 100.56 𝑥 0.47

Para h= 4 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 6.80 1.48 0.83 1.23 2.18
2 20.00 5.30 1.30 0.43 0.56 1.69
3 10.00 3.90 1.00 0.59 0.59 1.00
4 4.00 2.60 0.60 0.41 0.25 0.36
5 1.00 1.50 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00
P= 5 65.00 17.50 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =2.74 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =3.01 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.44 𝑏 = 0.16

𝑘 = 100.16 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.44

 𝑦 = 100.16 𝑥 0.44

Para D= 1 cm

x y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 = X 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = Y 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 = XY (𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 = X2

1 30.00 3.20 1.48 0.51 0.75 2.18
2 20.00 2.70 1.30 0.43 0.56 1.69
3 10.00 2.00 1.00 0.30 0.30 1.00
4 4.00 1.30 0.60 0.11 0.07 0.36
5 1.00 0.80 0.00 -0.10 0.00 0.00
65.00 67.20 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 =4.38 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =1.25 ∑ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒚𝒊 =1.68 ∑(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙𝒊 )𝟐 =5.24
Calculando: 𝑚 = 0.41 𝑏 = - 0.11

𝑘 = 10−0.11 𝑦 𝑛 = 0.41

 𝑦 = 10−0.11 𝑥 0.41

Mediciones
8
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

A vs. T

TABLA Nº 3

t A
0.00 100.00
1.00 84.00
2.00 70.00
3.00 59.00
4.00 49.00
5.00 41.00
6.00 34.00
7.00 27.00
8.00 24.00
9.00 20.00
10.00 17.00

GRÁFICA Nº 3

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9
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

120.00

100.00
Actividad radiactividad (A) %

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
t (s)

Mediciones
10
 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS
LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA I

Mediciones
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