ono dat nn Spam (corerenase 3 PRACTICE A, WORKSHEET 27 Using Appositive Phrases Drecnons Combine te flowing pis of sentenas by tuning one of he serene ntoanappostive pha and iertng tt he fe seen * Check your pretation © Make your change onthe worked, =) in 1953, Octavio Paz published his fst book of poems at age nineter. Paz was a Mesican EXAMPLE Octavio Pars poemsfontain images of his Indian past an ofthe Mi poems se landscape His poems pac hat eps is oto Poet socal rite and essayist 2. His mos respecte long poem was writen about the planet Venus. The pieces called Slamande, |. He was.a multalented author. Pz is famous for not only his poetry but als his prose. 4 One of his prose works is taught in iterature courses ver the word Iisa book ted ‘The abit of Salute, 5: Another ois prose works addreses the history of Mexico and ofthe world Paz cae this text ier. 6 Paz won the wore’ highest liteary honor in 1960, e was ata the Nobel Prize inliterture 7, Paz was carer diplomat, He spent twenty-five years at posts in the diplomatic service. 8. Paz was committed to fighting social injustice He died in 1998, se CCuneren 11 | Combining Sentences 7(omecces acc 8, WoRsHeer 28 Using Appositive Phrases e Directions Combine the following pairs of sentences by turning one ofthe sentences into an appositive phrase and inserting i into the other sentence. * Check your punctuation. * Make your changes on the worksheet AMPLE ‘Thine cinta ane bewen tnd ded a) most animals 2 main onan fr filtering waste mally ——— 1. The human Kidney contin bout a milion micr-organ. The kney ia realy complex organ 2. Nephrons manufacture about 5 quai of wine every day, Tey ae mice-orgens 3. A glomeruius is snarled clump of capiliis Blood passes into a nephron through 2 omens 4. The blots plasmas iter through the glomerulus and surounding pocket. TNs pocket 1s Bowina’s caput. 5, The tubules. tubliestructute hat has network of plas ont wall, The sling ver and dissolved materia end up na bul 6 Copia are ny blood vestls. The aplaiesreaburb any substances hat the by needs 1. The water balance a dlcate manitoring system. The bodys water balance determines how such quis reaboorbed. {Urine isthe only substance eftin the tubule afer esbnorpton complete. This guid consists of waste products 2B Lents oF LANGUAGE | Soh Course | Sentnes, Paagraps, and CompasionsName: Phrases ~ The Prepositional Phrases “The PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: @ prepositional phrase includes a preposition, the object ofthe preposition, and any ater ‘modifiers of that object. Refer to your Phrases lout oF Parts of Speech handout fora complet list of prepositions. Ex. A.koala isa marsupial, a mammal with an external abdominal pouch. [The noun pouch is the object ofthe preposition wit] ‘There are two types of prepositional phrases: ‘The ADJECTIVE PHRASE: A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun ora pronoun is called an adjective phrase. Tells what kind, which one, how many, or how mich Ex. We onlered a dish of salsa and a basket of tortilla chips. [of salsa modifies the noun dish, telling what kind of dish; of tortilla hips modifies the noun basket, telling what kind of basket. ‘+ Two ormore adjective phrases may modify the same noun. Es. Thepictre of ther candidate in today’s newspapers so at al Sterns @ Worn order candidate and in todays newspaper mdi the noun pete) ‘+ Anadjective phrase may also modify the object of another prepositional phrase Ex, ‘The coconut palms in the park near the bay were planted a long time azo. [Near the bay modifies park, the object ofthe preposition in] ‘The ADVERB PHRASE: A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb is called an adverb phrase. Tells how, when, where, and to what extent (how much, how long, how often) Ex, The mole dug under the lawn, [under the lawn modifies the verb dug} ‘+ Adverb phrases may come before or after the words they modify, and more than one adverb phrase may modify the same word. Ex. Inthe fist inning, she pitched with great control. Lin the first inning modifies the ver pitched, telling when; with great control modifies pret eling howd *-The word modify means to explain, to describe, orto qualify the meaning ofa word, phrase or clause,Name: ‘Verbals and Verbal Phrases ‘Verbals are formed from verbs and are used as adjectives, nouns, or adverbs, ‘The verbal phrase consists of a verbal and its modirs and complements. The thee kinds of verbal phrases are Partiipial Phrase Gerund Phrase Infinitive Phrase Participials ie a verb form that can be used as an adjective ‘Ex: Whats the temperature ofthe bolting water? (bolling, formed from the verb boil, modifies the noun water) ‘+ "There are two kinds of parisipial phrases: Present Partiiples and Past Paticiples ‘© Present Particples end in — ing ‘The smiling graduates posed forthe photographer. ‘+ Past Pariiples end in ~d or ~ ed and ean be formed irregularly For dinner we prepared grilled salmon, baked potatoes, and tossed sale jal Phrase: consists of a partcipal and any modifers ~ entire phrase aetsas an adjective Ex, Climbing the tree, the monkey disappeared into the braches. (Qhe partcpial phrate modifies the noun monkey) 1 heard him whispering to his friend. (che particpial phrase modes hin) Gerund: isa verb form that ends in ~ ing andis used as @ noun “Gerunds can be used as subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect objets, and objets of prepositions) Ee: Reading will improve your vorabulary. (reading, formed from the verb read, s the subject ofthe verb wil improve) Gerund Phrase: consists of gerund and any modifiers ~ entre phrase is used as a noun Ex ‘The sudden shattering of glass, broke the silence. (he gerund phrases the subject ofthe verb broke) She enjoys hiking in the mountains oceasionally. (Whe gerund phrase ia direct object of the ver enjoys Infinitive: isa verb form thatcan be used as « noun, an adjective, oran adverb. Most infinitives begin with ta Ex: Toerris human, (o err isthe subject ofthe verb is) ‘Shes the one to ask. (Coask moslifies the noun candidate) Grandmothers coming to visit. (Covisit modifies the verb is coming) Infinitive Phrase: consists ofan infinitive and ite modifiers - entire phrase is used as a nown, adjective, oradverb. Ee Tohita curve ball solidly is very dificult, (the infinitive pase isthe subject ofthe ver i) Bx Hiseffortto trace his ancestory led to greater appreciation of his heritage, (he infinitive phrase modifies the noun efforts)itive is a noun or pronoun ~ often with modifiers — set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it. Here are some examples of appositives (the noun or pronoun will be in blue, the appasitive will be in red), ‘Your friend sit isin trouble ible with bucket s My brother's ear, a sperty ved vonves als, isthe envy of my friends. The chief surgeon, an expert i oxgan-transpiant proceditres, taok her nephew on a hospital tour. An appositive phrase usually follows the word it explains or identifies, but it may also precede it innovator, Wassily Kadinsky is knovn for his colorful abstract peintings. 20 vatify the U.S, Constitution, Delaware is rich in history. fie, Skip was my favorite dog. Punctuation of appositives: In some eases, the noun being explained is too general without the appositive;the information is essential to the meaning ofthe sentence. When this isthe ease, do not place commas around the _appositive; just leave it alone. If the sentence would be elear and complete witnout tie appostive, non-essential, then commas are necessary; place one befare and one after the appositive Examples: The popular US president Jolux Kennedy was knovn for his elaguent and inspirational speeches + Here we donot put commas around the appositve, because it is essential information. Without the apposite, the sentence would be, "The popular US president was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.” We woulda't know which president was being referred to. John Kennedy, the popular 8S president, was known for his eloquent ard inspirational speeches. + Here we put commas around the appositive because it s not essential information. Without the appositve, the sentence would be, "John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches." We still know who the subject of the sentence is without the appositive, John Kennedy th: popular US president was quite different from John Kennedy the pot busiand ‘+ Here we do not put commas around either appositive because they are both essential to ‘understanding the sentence. Without the appositives, the sentence would just be Jobn. Kennedy was quite different from John Kennedy. We wouldn't know what qualities of John ‘Kennedy were being referred to without the appositive.‘What isa Clause? ‘© Acause is «word group that contains andits and thats used asa oras| ofa centence (© Note: Bvery clause bas a anda but notall clauses express complete thoughis, Those that do are called independent clauses. Those that do not are called subordinate clauses. ‘What is the sujet and verb of clause? ‘© Subject: The __ or that is doing the action inthe sentence © Alwaysa____or Ex: Sera walked home, ‘Another Example Ver: The in the sentence (wtatthe__is doing) Be careful of 0 be" verbs Am (preset) / Was p88) ©. Is(orese)/ Was (pat) 9. Are (preset) Were (ps) + "Tobe" vers ae doing something, but itis not an obvious action * Oceaionaly, ina sentence may be part of (opsicot vers; ually nine verb and another ver nding in ing” ©. Sheis sudying © Heistaing © They ae thinking ‘other example:Independent Clauses, Simple & Compound Sentences Clauses Independent Clauses (or Main Clauses) ‘Independent clauses that express related ideas can be together in asingle sentence, Often the clauses are linked by a ‘and one ofthe following ° They ean also be linked by a ao a can be used after the semicolon to express the relationship between te independent clauses Common Conjunctive Adverbs Common Transitional Expressions Simple Sentencs * san clase © Exprenesa, Contains anda Examples: A Compound Sentence. 1 Contsns two independent clauses, joined by Examples:‘Subordinate Clauses, Complex & Compound-Complex Sentences Subordinate Clauses (or Dependent Clauses) ‘¢ Asubordinate (or dependent) clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as 2 © Asubordinate clause 0 contains anda © begins witheithera ora. © The thought expressed by a subordinate clause becomes part ofa complete thought when the clause is combined with an clause. © Asubordinate clause that is capitalized and punctuated as fItwereasentence Is a Dbecause it does not express a complete thought Common Relative Pronouns Common Subordinating Conjunctions Complex & Compound-ComplexSentences ‘+ Acomplex sentence has independent clause and one or more ‘+ Writean example ofa complex sentence and underline the dependent clause: # Acompound-complex sentence has two or more and dependent clauses © Writean example ofa complex sentence and underline both independent causes Sentence Types Complete the following chart: How many clauses does each sentence have? ‘Sentence Type Independent Clause | Supordinate Cause ‘Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex- 20.4 The Comma ys Conventional us ofthe comma () 8 perhaps the most difictpanctuation sk to master Profesional writers themselves en diniree bout cen uses othe ‘oma, Sadents end Yo ovense commas, perhaps ecaune they wete taupe 1 ‘we a comma anytime they wanted to indicate 4 pause ine sentence. To avoid ‘comma erors.tisbest to learn the gene ues or coma sean 0 follow the Avie ofthe old saying: Wen im oud, leave 1 out hs you ea the ten rule sven inthis text, you can begin tasert commas, Refer eequen co these es ‘ven you are eiting your papers, Rude 1: Use comma before a coorinting conjunction when it joins wo inde: Dendentchuses The coordinating conjunctions re and ufone seo nd no “The weather was stormy and it was very ate ‘The weather was stormy, but I was not cold ‘Do mot use 3 comma before 3 coordinating conjunction when i joins two words, two phrases, or two dependent clauses Cris and Luca ae going swimming. (oro nouns) once we were homing fod away and wee creating que i ‘turbance. (two verb phrases) me ‘When you see those things happea, yu wil know that the time has come for ‘ction and that everyone should help, (wo dependent clauses) TBP Pactice Supply the necessiry commas. ‘The fre that ag trough ur tom at yur started ry ntersecion nd icy spread url it reached he ge. Fern waren the sere ant st once bt te huge eunbes ef ar prtad downtown boda them fom king ‘with he rep soon began o move he cars and hee eters wer ‘aly alto gt the ze under corr Lucho oe was id or was thre ny sev rage to people propery. Rule 2: Uses comma ster subordinate czuse went begins a setence Sub- orate clauses begin with such coajuncions ax when, Because, cya ‘ough, as web, snce, owen tough, befor, aad wbeneter: ‘While thew pushed the ag her father watched However when the dependent clause comes athe end of the sentence, ou do ‘ot ordinary need a comma, (Se Hale 10 below for exceptions) Her father watched while the gil pushed the ca.Practice 7 Supply the necesary commas. ‘We were reat sured when we found ut that Mr Mores a cance fut we are ot depres Whether ifehere ope We low he wl st wel causa he isch pte Me Mores wus do what the doctor ys wl ie may more ars ‘Rule 3: se commas to set off an adjective clause ifthe clause i not esetat to the meming ofthe entence Adjective clauses usualy bepn with who, bic, or tbat My moe, who likes sardine sandwiches, san unis person. ‘You can omitthe cause tbo ies sardine sanutcbes, and the sentence will ti ‘take sese- Therefore, you nced the commas, But ithe adjective cause lessen: Ula othe meaning ofthe sentence, do no use commas My mother isthe ony one in our fail who likes sardine sandwiches, “Thistime,ifyou omit the cause bo Hes sandne sandwiches the sentence does [Hine Which clauses usually take commas; that lunes seldom do, Practice 8 Supply the necessary comms. Great rian who wat our ally wart to war wth Agent who was bo or ty Arar wh sided wheter Arora or Bran were cin This var ich caused mary deaths was tragedy and sould never ave happened [Rute 4 Vve comma or commas tose ff most conjunctive adverb (wots tnd phrases like however for example, on the otber band, nevertheless, more ner articular expecta iberefore, 200 consent ‘know Ist woud gohoweverthave since changed my mind, (er, bow. ‘ver flows a semicolon.) 1 agree that what | should do, However, ost cannot bring myself to do (Gere bowouer begins x new sentence) ‘Children lar to read, however inspite of poor teaching. Here, bauever ‘Somes inthe mile of sample sentence) ‘You unl do not we comma to st off then and also, hough i you want 0 {ndicateasgnieant pause, you mayPractice 9 Supply the necessary commas Joreois trot had oth eta serchowever he nt ni fore hem utah een to tm he and of asia When is ther cc ea the ews died to ta oF cb wat an ol mar nvr he ws de ‘ened seis son When her aed oaph i atiskoeecthen he wept esha may ie qualia eal i cous ternational. ‘Rule 5: Use a comma or commas to st off an apposite, « wor hese, oF ‘clase wsed a5 «noun hat Wentfes or explains snothcr Nou or pronoun, “Those were the happiest days of mye, the dys when I was Young and fool ‘sh. The noun day is epented and then explained) ‘One oftheir neighbors, Boo Radley was avery mysterious person. (The pro- ‘oun one is entifed 2 Boo Raley) We ike starches, especialy gris, ee, and bates, Practice 10 Supply the necessary commas, ‘ele herent ht hae a hot ht ad once ben aig byl ihe new eh lrg as luisa prc basil corer ver fartwasrow tr Th fet dori fad bon bro on fom Ege rae shat Carin now ning betas hag weather ate however woman herein chang Ste was Poor bl pret Rude 6: Use commas between tems ina sexes (ee o more words phrases, ‘or cies). Unless your teacher istrcta otherwise, re the coma before the ‘Conpunson that connects the ls item cote oes ‘She bought apples, anges, and bananas, (nouns) CChiey Chat kes wo eat tana, limb Christmas tees nd cise Hubert. (o- fe pred) “We went home, we tok dip in the pool, and then we te brekfst Gnde- endent clauses) ‘When adjectives ocuria a series use a comma betwen the adjectives ony ifyou ‘could seplace the comma with the word and or example, He was tal Jean man, “The comma is conect because you could wie He tas atl! and lean man. But lok at the next wentence: He was aice od man, ‘Acoma snot corect because you would not be pe to write He eas a nice and td man.Pretice 11 vv Supply the necessary comms. ‘ou ar 0 chad 0 ntaiget and so sl possesed tat you og tobe Tine'Man ofthe Yu! Bt Tie ed ht determined courageous man fom Poland nts Rule 7: Usea comma or commas with drect quotations: “The ange sai Watch ou for bears” ‘Watch out for bears sald the ranger “watch out for beaesid the ranger," dont eave any food for them” “Te ranger sl"Watch out for bears and then he left them, Note: The comma i always placed inside the quotation marks. ‘Do not we commas with indirect quotations: “The rangers to watch out fo Bears. “The ranger sud that we should watch out fr beat. “Bp Practice 12 Supply the necessary commas. wee you my dd iw go cut the an" Wa Tansee be tod youaretne tan he id “Tis wi the fst tne hie vote in arena ection eps Martin [Rule 8 Useacomma or commis to st off items in dates and addresses, but not 1 was born Fide, October 12,1968 Chteston South Carolina. ‘is adressIsApt. A 1426 M Sueet, Washington,DC 20012. SH Practice 13 ‘Sopp the necessary commas. _Abrahm iecn was bo Harn County Kentucky en Febuary 12 1809, He ied on Ap 5 1945 n ington OC. “The ery ings 225 Godard Ave move nn il 22197 [Rule 9: Use a comma after an introductory phase i the comma makes the ‘meaning ofthe sentence dearer “After eating 23 hore snd I set out on ou lonesome ti. ta the stil of the ght, groans can sometimes be heard fom the chest inthe sie “Avo using commas afer shor introductory phases Ifthe meaning ofthe sem tence is clea without the comma: ater that day they came to our rescue.* Bp Practice Supply the necessary commas Wie vitng na en beare Aer tying forhous oleate here band my ster and took hr to th hospital At abut tan dock er band aly rived, Rule 10: Use comma or commas to set off words, phrases, or uses i they larly break the low ofthe sentence. Sometimes the word or words wil bet the Begining ofthe wentence™ Darren, please drop what you redoing and give me ahand. Sometimes the word or wotde wil be nthe mide ofthe sentence: My grandmother, known for her habit of chewing tobacco i neatly nine (This breakin the middle ofa sentence is offen a aoneseetial adjective las ‘oran apposite. See Rule 3 and Rule 5) Somesimesthe word or words willbe athe end ofthe sentence almost 52a rethought “Anthony was completely honest about what hea done, not tht | would have expected him to at any deren. CYou ae safe using» comma before all such constructions with not) ‘You do agree with me, don't you? | think we shoud do everything posible to find a peaceful solution, though “amt sy hat am ot punitive though the dependence comes athe end ofa sentence the comma i necessity because the ase i leary ‘materoughe) “They ended the dy incomplete stence, knowing tht sy sound would ive them away Practice 15 Supply the necessary commas, 8c sd 10 me."Cas tat gare wat the geet was "tured to my end wh was iting t me dey ad "Geto you my end not or 12" One ofthese dyson ging to best Bob nS ato ely havent TB Practice 16 gles 1 22 99 conta cen he lowing etc ‘the rule that applies in each case. (Not all sentences need commas.) “oe 1. My name is Bobby Caner, and Tim looking forward toweling this piper Rie t As Thave already sid job opportunites in my fe are not good. | wll know how to handle my cients and willbe able to represent them ‘wel, 4. tfyou can survive this course you wil do well ia your chosen ca 5. may never Become rch but I wil be able to acquice the things 1WL were to sty nursing know t woul ke Sie wants to complete college ft oes know for sure a the fare holds orn. | My aunt wants to help open the dayeare center But she does not wan 9 9, | wanted to bea bank robber wien | was young. Attough a degree &s aot needled to open a nunery schoo! & would 11, ecae you work hard you wil ccc 12, You will succeed because you work hard Practice 17 Using Rules 3 to 5, supply commasas needed in the following sentences. cing the ‘ule o¢ eles that app ia each ease. 1. sbi, who isa member of the Symphony Club, gave usw tekets forthe pee formance. ule > 2 Joc registered le; consequently, he will have to pay 2 fvedollr fine [Bégar Allan Poe the maser writer ofhortoe stories id not enjoy great pope lant daring is ime. Only one person a carpenter was inure. My English textbook which fad been lost ll semester tamed up the day asses ended. {6 Our fami tikes tving near the coast because weal love fesh seafood espe- aly shrinp, edb, and ea, 7. Many plans are kled by owners who pay too much atenion to them: for example overwatering asked many a plant. 8, Andeé who had been cramming the whole night slept through the 9. We rushed t the theater to se the movie from the beginning: however i ‘nad aendy started when we ative. 10. Chico our eccenus next oor neighbor isthe only person know wo owe his wn ina bathing aut 11. Immunizations are now available for dipthera,one of the most dangerous ulchood aitmens, 12. My aun spends most of her free time involved in outdoor actives particu lay sing, hunting. and camping. =“BH Paake 1s Using Rules 6 to 10, supply commas as needed in the allowing sentences, ching {he fle oF rales tha apply in each ese 1 Told er not to worry but to stay cool, calmand colected,_ Zula 6 2. Ie was dark any spring day when we frst met wasn't 5. Before ding in the automobile with my fer any sister always ake ane uiieer 44 The ciey counel ote yesterday to increase the sales ax slthough they krow ‘he citizens wil ie Up in protest. 5: As ecto you wil be responsible forthe management ofthe center the ie ing and waining of the personnel andthe development of aew programs. 6, "Aske not what your country can do for you" President Kennedy suas what you can do for your county Ia the mide of the night ime stands sll and you can hear the lonely sound of hoot owt. 9, “Waris not what I want"hesld-but peace’ 10,1 left home suteas in hand not knowing what I would do next 1, Malcolm X the controversial leader of movement to unite Black peoale Utroughout the word, was aeasinated ia New York Cay on February 2 1965. TH Practice 19 ‘Using Rules 1 0 10, supply commas as needed inthe folowing sentences, cing the ule or rules shat apply in each ease. (Soe Sentences are correc) 1. Dictionary spl cds i yranott bu madam spetedbackwass ismadam. Rule | hee 2 We ended up walking In ctcles and bumping into the sme security oes 3: As he three of us walked outside we argued about where we hed packed the “4 esaid that he wanted the choir to sng at his wake and that he wanted to be Durie inhi choi robes. 5, Thaalternoon we dived ito groups and sexched the library for the tems nthe i. 6. All the gis wanted the lending part because it was that of «glamorous 7, After we unloaded the bus our net task was oplch the tent. 8. Ted to igh the stove but I was unsucessful becnse the mches were 9. Tule ight the stove but was unsuccesfil because the matches were we10. Finally when we arcved at the Rovergate the people applauded us andthe “oe effort seemed worthwhile 11, Hove seafood especialy crab shrimp and oysters. 12, twas goating Tim Owens 266" guard and tam only 6. 13, tfyou lok back you wil tum into a pla of sat 14, You wil tr iat a pillar of sat ou ook bac, 15. Dwight Becnhower the thirty fourth president ofthe United States was born in Denison Texas on October 14 1890. 16. As continsed to walk down the rad Inotieed smal avting brown cab th smoke coming from the chimney. 17, We shared some very hard nes but through tal we stuck toner and became ke sisters. 1B. Lie is tke walking in the snow Granny wed to say “because every step stoves__ 19, ta 1985 the navy seat our fly to Los Angtes Caria where Lends CGrossmand High School and met Kim Steve and Colleen. +0, Honesty tam about ready t0 scream; these Commas are just to much!et er eDa Aeny The Cases of Personal Pronouns = ‘Te caso o a personal pronouns the form that shows how the pronoun i being used in sentence, Uso tw nominalve caso lor subjocts and predcatonorralvos Use tho objective caso for objects of verbs (dec cbects and indirect cbc) and cbjects ot prepostons. Use the possessive case to show ownership. Nominative Objective Possessive Singular 1 me ‘my, mina you you you, yours fovshe,k Rime, 8, Purl we us our, ous you you your, yours them tha, ois ‘A. Identifying the Case of Personal Pronouns identity the ease of each bolataced personal proneun nthe folowing sentences. On tho ine wie N for nominative, O fr ebjctve, or P for possessive, 1. Arbur Mil, one of Amara foremost playwrights, was bor in 1817, In Now ‘York; hi father was a manufacturer and his ether aeacher. 2. Mile was a poor student; unt his eens he had not read may bocks. ‘3. When his parents sutlere nancial, he helped themby geting a job. 4. For somthing to ead on the subway, he bought a copy of Dostoyevsky’ The Brothers Karamazov tnspied him to beores awrite. ‘5. His bast known play Death ofa Salesman; he won a Pulitzer Prize for i 6, Today many witors ere Arthur Mil for inpiting thelr work B. Using the Correct Case of Personal Pronouns Flin the Blanks isthe folowing sentences wth appropit personal propcuns. Than, conthelines rity the case ot 4. She uigedyoung pecpletoset____———_goals careful. ta 3.byda, could got mor fo. money at tlt stores. 4 Markrefiishod th abo ater Jon showod how to doit Handbook 32 Using Pronouns 87The Cases of Personal Pronouns Form 8 ‘A. Using the Correct Case of Personal Pronouns ‘Underinethe pronouns that are inthe coret caso. On the ines, wits the case of leach proneun you choose: N fer nominate, O for cbjectne,orP or possessive. Example: Please save seats for my ond and (I,m). © 1. Recently my grandparents showed (,me) a small elementary schoo ‘2."lh Me) was once te shores fst-grader in that school" Granddad sid. “(¥ou, Your grandmother was the smartest git inthe bung.” ‘3. "{We, Us) had avery long sehao day in the 1940," Gram sid 4. (They, Tem) tld (me) how the country was at war ring th 104' 5. The pupils brought they, hl cies to pa or efnse stamps ©. The government would gv (they, them) a pink stamp orton cats, 7."Asasurprice for (we, us)" Gram si, a soe rove upto the schoo one day Inanamy Jeep" £8 Hosa the Joep was realy (outs, us) because (or, we) stamps had pal fort, 8. Mario” Grandad oder, "You, Your] memory is even bette than (me, mine)” 10. He sai that was (she, he) who had suggested a vt the schoo. B. Using Pronoun Cases Correctly in Writing \Wite a paragraph about a memorable experience in your own past. Use the coroct ‘cases of parsonal pronouns in your sentences. 38 Handbook 32 Using Pronouns : i i HThe Pronoun as Subject ] 55 ‘The nominative form of the pronoun fa used as the subject of a verb.” The problem of which pronoun form to ue a subject aves chiey wea the rbjet is compavod. To decide which pronoun fom to sein compound sub. Tet ry ack art ofthe subject by if with the ver Rachel and (Ime) talked onthe phooe. (Rachel tated; talked, no me talked.) The Steins and (they, ther) like ling. (The Steins ke gl they lik got, ot them ike go) The Predicate Pronoun. The verb be = linking eb, Ink the Now, po- oun or adjective following it the subje. A pronoun #0 linked i ealled a retest proncin. The nominative pronoun form Is used a8 a predicate pronoun ‘The problem of which form to use ia a predate pronoun ocaus pririy ater the verb be, Tew I who answered "evar probably he who al Choosing the Correct Pronoun. Ungerine the correct pronoun in ‘each sentence, 1, My brother and (I,me) rode ou ike othe lake 2 (They, Them) and my family ate close friends 3, The new president of ou club mast be (he, him). 4. Alter (she, her) and he sister bad laneh, they went shopping 5. The one who needs attention i (he, him), 6, The children and (we, ws) ae taking a dip inthe pool 7. answered the telephone by saying, "Thi (she, her). 8, ‘im and (I, me) want to mow lawns for exis money 9. Ieea’t be (he, him) who s making so much nove, 10, Only Richard and (I,me) know the contents ofthe secret compartment 11, Byeryone sid that twas (th, her) who deeeved Sst pie, 12, Therefeee and (Ime) disagreed about the rue, 13, The teacher said our parents and (we, us) should come to open house, 14, Wasit (hey, them) offering to help? 15. Andean (I, me) wil tke care ofthe ih tank 16, assumed twas (she, her) who sent the anonymous note, 17, Twas either Cindy o (he, him) who lef the window open, 18, (They, Them) and the Greeng ae nice neighbors. 19. Bdand (he, him) play backgammon everynight 20, Ruth doubted that it was (,me) who had made the dinnes.The Pronoun as Object (1) 56 ‘The objective pronoun form is used as the cect or indirect object. ‘The problem of which pronoun form tose as object of the verb aries ehefy wen the objets compound. To decile which pronoun tose witha compownd objet, try each part of the ebact by tal ith the verb ‘ancr osyscr The ati painted Mou atl (I). {plated Mom; painted me, not painted.) swomcr onyscr The waits ought Jan and (he, him) a coke (Grought J; Brought hr, nat Brought he) Choosing the Correct Pronoun. Underline the correct pronoun in ‘each sentence, 1, Batbara sent the folks ana (we us) alter. 2, Tf you needa ride fom shoot, cll Dad of sme). 3, The instructions confused the volunteers and (we, ws) 4. Have you sent the children ad (the, therm) thir its ye? 5. The baby called his manna and (I, me). 6. Thespecing tran pased Bil and (we, ws) at the ntersecton 1. The scretary will make you and (I,me) & copy of te test 8. Would you pleat bring (het, the) snd (I, me) some water? 9, The convicted felon threw the judge and (we, us) a hateful glance. 10, Dia your vit surprise the coach and (they, them)? 21, The committee nominated the boys and (I, me) 12, Weneed someone to drive the bids and (we, us) to the pry 13, Ourparens gave Sau and (1, me) charm bracelets 14, The bully threatened the younger boy and (they, them). 15, Thestore owner offered my parents and (J,me) a dicount 16, T don't now the Becks ot (he, him). 17, Karen ent Gabe and (I, me) «posted : 18, Jon asked the boys nd (we, us) if We had enough money for uch, 19, ‘The crossing guard stopped thejaywalkes and (they, them) 20, Wet (he, him) and (she er) the plan fo the campsgn.The Cases of Pronouns (Possessive Case) + Practice 1 ‘The Possessive Case_ Use the posse care before noun to show ownership a! Woe gerund, Ute ena possessive pronouns by themsves to indie posseston sor Rowse Dg ain so Before Gerunds Our paying tie mise sated Mr Haye. ‘Maxis. drting baby, but his ying sometimes gets on my ness ‘sone ‘Are these hes yours? ete tir ok rom heed Using Pronouns inthe Possess Case. Wie dhe caret word om the Darenthess to complete ech sentence, EXAMPLE: The at has 8s own basket oles ini) 1 onstant whining very annoying, His) 2 None fhe books on tis ble ae ine) 8. Timur Mr, Lawn appreciated epg im. (ut us) 44 These are Janes eneskers, but where ae 2 yours, your! 8. Carol forget und Be, Be 6. Did you asx Peter about ayng the plano a the party? Oi, is 17. "The Hate lt thi ple table (te, ht 8 earning mage ics cost he Kamla fea Me MY. Mine) 9. ter you Rave oad over put the na Back fa ig packing carton 10, Brerone eye neg her, thet) Using All Three Cases Complete each sentence mth the aproprite pronoun form, "The code umber in parentheses inate whch goup of panouns to choose fom: (01. me, my. mine (9), hn. es she, (we, ue our are (2h you, your yours her. here (6) ey them, te nen EXAMPLE: The rst one to volunteer was a 1, Surely this house must be © 2. et ser ‘der campers can hep the younger ones.) 8. When I sw Roa, al bout the pry 1) 4 Practicing he drama octimes disturb the neighbors. ‘5. Which of tne duel tage ea 6 abty ane the ster to ing song) 8 apply the argument betwen Don ad i ast very wg (1 ‘The couch ure ‘ayers todo ourbest 4) ‘The boat sipped ae from moore 8) Several customers mentee ‘ning Baus tn the product) (© rt Tie Gs Poms (sie Ca) 135The Cases of Pronouns (Possessive Case) + Practice 2 [DEERE wing rons ne Pseive Cae vite here wrt fm he parentheses compet each sentence EXAMPLE: We must give them drs (els, thet’) 1. Tepe Raph about cheng mn las. Mm) 2, There mo question that ie iyo, Our 3. Ourkiten mart ‘nt pw We) 44 The president asked reno. i) 5 pedi ly 9 hn nt rouble i, i 0. Wei him ate tour, ors 1 They want ating to opine, im) & ngs we rit equal hey, The) 2. Mylo years yur) 10, Ht at ie expense fi) Q ing aves much tobe dso, (Ou, 0) 12, (aaa ac otic (mine, mie 2 ‘evga cue mh barren 10 4) 14 realy er hr) 6 erst eng cheers pk, a ot ely pepe to dane. four, Youre 17, Timaghthe woo wend — Jolng. 9) 18, Mother was won about ironing ey) a Teale your man. 8 20, Teaipwaea cour. i.) [DEERE using thee cases, ite he oat wrt om he pets to compte 1. My sir hep th eno hi) 2 ply very sti (Tet. Theyre 2. Taito at tie eer) * is wl decane arm 8. Da Sinem oe ‘na ie singe Yo) and our py ese 7 wae change ln. (ey. ‘em ey TT 8 om wotkon ject ow te sors 2, Your conte he bet fa (om, 10, Wy were my ne toca a te, he 126 Gonna ai Weibeok (© Pree ae.