ENHANCED OIL

RECOVERY
Department of Chemical Engineering UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
I GUSTI S. BUDIAMAN
ATURAN PERKULIAHAN

 Toleransi kehadiran 10 menit setelah jam kuliah

 Apabila dosen terlambat tanpa pemberitahuan, mahasiswa
berhak meninggalkan kelas dan dianggap hadir
 Selama kuliah berlangsung harus menjaga ketenangan
kuliah, tidak ada ijin keluar ruangan dengan alasan
apapun
 Semua alat elektronik dan handphone harus mati/ silent
 Setiap kehadiran perkuliahan mahasiswa berhak
mendapatkan poin nilai 1,5% kecuali tidak mengikuti
kuliah
GRADE PENILAIAN

SYSTEM PENILAIAN DISTRIBUSI NILAI

HADIR 35% A ≥ 80
TUGAS 15%
UTS 20%
80 > B+ ≥ 75

UAS 30% 75 > B ≥ 65

65 > C+ ≥ 60

60 > C ≥ 50

50 > D ≥ 30

30 > E
Pembahasan Materi Kuliah
Definisi EOR, konsep dasar fluida dan batuan reservoir
Jenis dan sifat minyak bumi, kelakuan fasa minyak dan gas
bumi
Eksplorasi minyak bumi dan eksploitasi minyak bumi
Mekanisme recovery minyak bumi dan Klasifikasi recovery
minyak bumi
Implementasi water flooding, pressure maintenance, pattern/
pola injeksi/ produksi, Neraca massa air dan minyak
Chemical flooding (alkalin, surfaktan, dan polimer)
Gas/ solvent flooding (HC, CO2, N2, dan flue gas)
Thermal flooding (steam, udara, dan insitu combustion)

Microbial injection & others

OIL RECOVERY CLASSIFICATIONS
 Alkalin
CHEMICAL Surfaktan
Polimer
In situ combustion
Steam/ hot water
Air injection
CO2
THERMAL EOR GAS/
SOLVENT
N2
HC/ Flue gas

Mikrobia
OTHER Vibro
Katodik-anodik
SCREENING CRITERIA FOR EOR METHODS
(adapted from Taber et al., 1997)
SCREENING CRITERIA FOR EOR METHODS
(adapted from Taber et al., 1997)
SCREENING CRITERIA FOR EOR METHODS
(adapted from Taber et al., 1997)
UNITS AND NOTATION
Selected conversion factors
 FLUIDA RESERVOIR
• Gas cap
Water
Gas • Gas Solution

• Light oil Oil

• Medium oil - Parafinik
Oil • Heavy oil - Naftenik
- Alifatik
• Produced water
• Injection water
Gas
Water • Disposal water
PRIMARY RECOVERY MECHANISMS

(1) rock and liquid

expansion drive;
(2) depletion drive;
(3) gas cap drive;
(4) water drive;
(5) gravity drainage
drive;
(6) combination drive.
Reservoir having artesian water drive (After Clark, N.J.,
Elements of Petroleum Reservoirs, SPE, 1969).
 NOMENKLATUR STANDAR DILINGKUNGAN PETROLEUM ENGINEERS
• pi Initial reservoir pressure, psi
• p Volumetric average reservoir
pressure
• p Change in reservoir pressure = pi –
p, psi
• pb Bubble point pressure, psi
• N Initial (original) oil-in-place, STB
• Np Cumulative oil produced, STB
• Gp Cumulative gas produced, scf
• Wp Cumulative water produced
• Rp Cumulative gas–oil ratio, scf/STB
• GOR Instantaneous gas–oil ratio,
scf/STB
• Rsi Initial gas solubility, scf/STB
• Rs Gas solubility, scf/STB
• Boi Initial oil formation volume factor,
• Bo Oil formation volume factor, bbl/STB
• Bgi Initial gas formation volume factor,
bbl/scf
• Bg Gas formation volume factor, bbl/scf
• Wing Cumulative water injected, STB
• Ginj Cumulative gas injected, scf
• We Cumulative water influx, bbl
• m Ratio of initial gas cap gas reservoir
volume to initial reservoir oil volume,
bbl/bbl
• G Initial gas cap gas, scf
• PV Pore volume, bbl
• cw Water compressibility, psi−1
• cf Formation (rock) compressibility, psi−1
 PERHITUNGAN PORE VOLUME

Total initial volume of the hydrocarbon system

Swi = initial water saturation

N = initial oil-in-place, STB
PV = total pore volume, bbl
m = ratio of initial gas cap gas reservoir volume to
initial reservoir oil volume, bbl/bbl
 RESERVOIR EVALUATION
The volume of hydrocarbons in a reservoir can be calculated:
1. directly by volumetric methods
2. indirectly by material balance methods

Volumetrics provide a static measure of oil or gas in place

 porosity
 net thickness
 areal extent
 hydrocarbon saturations
Material balance methods provide a dynamic measure of hydrocarbon volumes

 Pressure surveys
 Temperature surveys
 Analysis of recovered fluids
 SOLUTION GAS DRIVE

Dissolved gas reservoirs typically recover

between 5 and 25% OOIP and 60 to 80% GIIP.
 GAS CAP DRIVE

Gas cap drive reservoirs typically recover 20 to

40% OOIP, sometimes as high as 60%
 NATURAL WATER DRIVE (1)

Natural water drive is associated with high

recovery rates, oil from 35-75% OOIP, gas
from 60-80% GIIP.
 NATURAL WATER DRIVE (2)

It is not uncommon for flow from the surface to

supply the energy for natural water drive
Sekian