Referencing

Handbook
Harvard
 Referencing Handbook: Harvard Contents
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Contents Download our app 11 Journals, magazines, periodicals 19 Official publications
Introduction Search for ‘Referencing Handbook:
Harvard’ or ‘University of Lincoln 11.1 Journal articles 19.1 Green, White and Command
Harvard referencing Library’ and download the free app. 11.2 Pre-prints papers
In-text citation 11.3 Post-prints/articles in press 19.2 Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
Reference list
iPad

Referencing
Handbook 12 Law 20 Plays
Bibliography Harvard

Other referencing styles 12.1 Cases (Law Reports) 20.1 Play text
12.2 Unreported UK cases 20.2 Dramatic performance
Plagiarism
Quoting, paraphrasing and summarising 12.3 Acts of Parliament (Statutes)
Referenc 21 Software
12.4 Statutory Instruments
Handbook
Harvard

Secondary referencing
12.5 Bills before Parliament 21.1 Games
Help with referencing
12.6 EU Regulations, Directives, 21.2 Apps
Decisions 21.3 Other software
Sources of information Harvard

12.7 Treaties
Harvard

1 Advertisements 4 Case studies 13 Leaflets, pamphlets 22 Technical, commercial

Handbook
Reference

1.1 Print 5 Conference papers 14 Maps 22.1 British and International

1.2 Broadcast Standards
6 Correspondence 15 Microfilm 22.2 Patents
1.3 Online Handbook
Reference
6.1 Email 16 Music
2 Art iPad
23 Theses, dissertations
6.2 Letter
16.1 Music – live performance 24 Translations
2.1 Art 6.3 Mailing list
16.2 CD
2.2 Art in books 16.3 Music track 25 Verbal communications
7 Dance
2.3 Art online 16.4 Music track download
2.4 Performance art 8 Diagrams, figures, images, tables 25.1 Lecture/seminar
16.5 Musical score
2.5 Artist’s film 25.2 Speech
9 Film, television, radio 16.6 Musical score from a collection
25.3 Telephone call
3 Books 9.1 Film 17 New media
26 Websites
3.1 Book with a single author 9.2 Broadcast television/radio
17.1 Blogs
3.2 Book with two authors 9.3 DVD – film 26.1 Personal author
17.2 Facebook
3.3 Book with three or more authors 9.4 DVD – television programme 26.2 Corporate author
17.3 Video sharing websites
3.4 Book without a named author 9.5 Off-air recordings
17.4 Twitter Reference list
3.5 Edited book 9.6 Online archive of off-air recordings
(e.g. Box of Broadcasts) 17.5 Podcasts, vidcasts, vodcasts
3.6 Chapter in an edited book
9.7 Amateur film
3.7 Introduction, foreword, 18 Newspapers
afterword 9.8 Trailer
3.8 Ebook 18.1 Newspaper articles
10 Interviews 18.2 Newspaper articles without
3.9 Ebook on a reader (Kindle, etc.)
a byline
Contents

Contents
3.10 Book review 10.1 Broadcast
18.3 Press releases
3.11 Sacred texts 10.2 Personal
 A Referencing Handbook: Harvard Harvard referencing
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Introduction Reference list
Your reference list goes at the end of your academic work and contains the full details of the
You need to reference: information sources (books, journal articles, websites, etc.) that you have cited.
• to demonstrate that you have undertaken research for your academic work You can find the information you need for different sources in a variety of locations, e.g. the title
• to avoid accusations of plagiarism page and the reverse of the title page of a book, or the cover and table of contents of a journal.

• to acknowledge the work of other authors, which can be found in books, journal articles, Below are guidelines on how to construct your reference list:
websites etc.
• It is in alphabetical order by the first author/editor(s)’ surname. If the source is produced by
There are many systems of referencing available; this guide will focus on the Harvard system, a corporate author, ignore words such as A, An or The
which is widely used at the University of Lincoln.
• If no author is provided, use the title of the publication in its place
This guide provides examples of different information sources: how to cite them within your text • If you use more than one source by the same author, list them in date order beginning with
and how to include them in your reference list. the earliest first
• If you use more than one source by the same author from the same year, you will need to
Harvard referencing
differentiate between them, e.g.
There are two parts to Harvard referencing:
In-text citation
In-text citation
(Department of Health, 2013a)
Reference list
Reference list
In-text citation
Department of Health (2013a) Cardiovascular disease outcomes strategy: improving
All ideas taken from the work of another author (whether directly quoted or put into your own outcomes for people with or at risk of cardiovascular disease. London: Department
words) need to be identified within your academic work by the author’s surname, year of of Health. Available from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/
publication and page number in brackets. attachment_data/file/156450/9387-2900853-CVD-Outcomes_web1.pdf.pdf [Accessed
2 July 2013].
You should not provide full publication details in your in-text citation, such as the title or publisher,
as this information is given in your reference list. Department of Health (2013b) Improving outcomes: a strategy for cancer, second
annual report, 2012. London: Department of Health. Available from https://www.gov.
The following is an extract from an essay showing use of in-text citations:
uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/136551/Improving_
Many believe (Fry, 2009; Jacklin, 2009) that, in the UK, the main catalyst for this was outcomes_second_annual_report.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2013].
the UK Governments’ ‘widening participation’ initiative, which “brought an increased
diversification of the higher education student population” (Jacklin and Le Riche, 2009, • If the source of information has no date, put undated instead of the year of publication
735). An interesting paper by Wingate (2007) suggests that it is not only the “non- • The title (with the exception of journal titles) should be in sentence case
traditional” students from the widening participation initiatives who struggle with the
learning required at university level. Wingate discusses the difficulties that “traditional • Separate main titles from subtitles with a colon
students” have with the transition from school to university (Wingate, 2007, 393) and • If there are multiple locations given for place of publication, only provide the first listed
suggests that students need support in “learning to learn”.
• If a source of information is not published in the UK, also provide the country
• Where you are citing from more than one text, you can combine them together in a single in-
text citation, separated by a semi-colon, e.g. (Fry, 2009; Jacklin, 2009)
• If the source you are using has two authors, name both of them in your in-text citation, e.g.
(Jacklin and Le Riche, 2009, 735). If there are three or more authors, just name the first author
Harvard referencing

Harvard referencing
followed by the words et al (which means and others)
• If you include the author’s surname within your text, you only need to add the year (and page
number, where necessary) in brackets, e.g. Wingate (2007) suggests…
• Some disciplines do not require a page number in the in-text citations. If you are unsure
please contact your tutor
 Referencing Handbook: Harvard Harvard referencing

Bibliography Secondary referencing

Your School may ask you to provide a bibliography as well as a reference list, please check If the information source that you are reading has summarised another author’s work, which you
their guidelines. would like to discuss or quote from, you should locate the original work.

A bibliography lists all the sources of information that you have consulted, including the items
in your reading list. You should follow the same rules for a bibliography as a reference list.
Other referencing styles
Your School may want you to use another style of referencing, such as APA, Chicago, MHRA,
Numeric or OSCOLA. You must check with your School which referencing style to follow.
Your Academic Subject Librarian can also advise you.
If this is not possible, you need to treat it as a secondary reference. To do this, cite the original
author and year of publication followed by the words ‘cited in’ and the author, year of publication
and page number of the text you have read.
“Learning is an active process of constructing rather than acquiring knowledge”
(Duffy and Cunningham, 1996, cited in Laurillard, 2002, 67)
The reference list at the end of your academic work should only contain works that you have read.

Secondary referencing should be avoided where possible.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the use of another author’s ideas and words, either intentionally or unintentionally,
without acknowledging the source of the information. It is an academic offence and will be treated
seriously by the University (see University General Regulations).
You avoid plagiarism by referencing correctly.
Turnitin is software that detects plagiarism and can be used by your tutor to ensure academic
integrity. See http://submit.ac.uk/ for more details.
Quoting, paraphrasing and summarising
Quoting is copying a short section of text, word for word, directly from an information source into
your work. You must indicate a quotation by using quotation marks at the beginning and end of
the text, e.g. critical appraisal “aims to discover if first the methods, and consequently the results
of the research, are valid“ (Booth et al, 2012, 104). The quotation is followed immediately with the
in-text citation.
Help with referencing
The quickest and easiest way to reference your academic work is to record the necessary
information at the time of using it. The key to good referencing is to be consistent. This handbook
is a guide to referencing different sources of information. For each type of information, we give you
an example of an in-text citation and a full reference as it should appear in your reference list.
The Library subscribes to referencing management software which can help you to gather and
organise your references. For more information go to http://library.lincoln.ac.uk There are also a
number of websites offering this service free of charge, e.g. Mendeley, Zotero.
If you need help with your referencing, or have any questions, the Library also offers a 1-to-1
Learning Development drop-in service. Visit the Learning Development Room on the ground floor
of the University Library.

Longer quotations (usually longer than two lines) should start on a new line, be indented with
quotation marks at the beginning and end of the passage and should be followed immediately
with an in-text citation, e.g.

“The media are often blamed for social ills to the detriment of identifying the real
causes of the problem. In the past, politicians in the USA and the UK have found it
more convenient to blame various sectors of the media for social ills than their own
policies and actions” (Stokes, 2003, 131)

Paraphrasing is putting a section of text from an information source into your own words.
Although you are changing the words or phrasing from the original text, you are retaining and
fully communicating the original meaning. You should provide an in-text citation even when
paraphrasing to acknowledge the source.
Harvard referencing

Harvard referencing
Summarising is describing the main ideas/findings of an information source but without directly
quoting from it. You should acknowledge where you sourced the information by providing an in-
text citation.
 A
1 Referencing Handbook: Harvard Advertisements A
1
Advertisements
1 Print 1.2 Broadcast 1.3 Online
In-text citation In-text citation In-text citation
(The Wine Company, 2013, 38) when referring to a specific page (Audi, 2013) (Curiously Cinnamon, 2013)

Reference list Reference list Reference list

The Wine Company (2013) Discover our best selling Marlborough Sauvignon. Audi (2013) The new Audi Q5. [advertisement] Curiously Cinnamon (2013) Boombox
[advertisement, Private Eye] 28 June, 38. ITV. 23 May, 21.17. breakfasts: the Latin lowriders. [online
advertisement] Available from http://www.
Checklist: youtube.com/curiouslycinnamonuk
[Accessed 28 June 2013].
¨¨ Advertiser’s name
1. Advertiser’s name 2. Year of publication in 3. Title of the advertisement, or a short ¨¨ Year of broadcast of the Checklist:
round brackets description if more appropriate, in italics,
advertisement in round brackets
followed by a full stop ¨¨ Advertiser’s name
¨¨ Title of the advertisement,
¨¨ Year of publication of the
or a short description if more
advertisement in round brackets
The Wine Company (2013) Discover our best selling Marlborough appropriate, in italics,
Sauvignon. [advertisement, Private Eye] 28 June, 38. followed by a full stop ¨¨ Title of the advertisement,
or a short description if more
¨¨ In square brackets put
appropriate, in italics, followed
advertisement
4. In square brackets put advertisement, 5. Day and month of publication, 6. Page number(s), followed by by a full stop
a comma, then the title of the publication followed by a comma a full stop ¨¨ Broadcast channel, followed
¨¨ In square brackets put online
by a full stop
advertisement
¨¨ Day and month of broadcast,
¨¨ Available from, followed
followed by a comma
by the web address
¨¨ Time of broadcast, using the 24
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
hour clock, followed by a full stop
Checklist: and the date you accessed the
advertisement, followed
¨¨ Advertiser’s name ¨¨ In square brackets put by a full stop
advertisement, a comma,
¨¨ Year of publication in round
then the title of the publication
brackets
¨¨ Day and month of publication,
¨¨ Title of the advertisement,
followed by a comma
or a short description if more
appropriate, in italics, ¨¨ Page number(s), followed by
followed by a full stop a full stop
1 Advertisements

1 Advertisements
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2 Referencing Handbook: Harvard Art A
2
Art 2.2 Art in books
When citing an image reproduced in a book,
2.3 Art online
When citing an image reproduced online,
put the surname of the artist and year of put the surname of the artist and year of
composition followed by the words ‘cited in’ composition followed by the words ‘cited in’
2.1 Art followed by the author(s) surname, year of followed by the name of the website and year
publication and page number. In your reference of publication. In your reference list, only list the
In-text citation list, only list the work you have read. work you have read.
(Bacon, 1961)
In-text citation In-text citation
Reference list (Basquiat, 1981, cited in Wigan, 2006, 75) (Meshon, undated, cited in 3x3 Gallery.com,
Bacon, F. (1961) Seated figure. [oil on canvas] London: Tate Modern. undated)
Reference list
Wigan, M. (2006) Thinking visually. Lausanne, Reference list
Switzerland: AVA. Meshon, A. (undated) Untitled. [online] New
York, USA: 3x3 Gallery. Available from http://
1. Artist(s)’ surname, a comma, followed by 2. Year of composition 3. Title of the composition in italics, Checklist: www.3x3gallery.com/19/AaronMeshon.php
their initials with a full stop after each initial in round brackets followed by a full stop [Accessed 1 July 2013].
¨¨ Author/Editor(s)’ surname,
a comma, followed by their initials Checklist:
with a full stop after each initial
Bacon, F. (1961) Seated Figure. [oil on canvas] London: Tate Modern. ¨¨ Year of publication in round
¨¨ Artist(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
brackets
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
6. Name of the collection, ¨¨ Year of publication in round
4. In square brackets put 5. Location, followed of book in italics, followed by a
details of the format by a colon followed by a full stop brackets
full stop
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
of the composition in italics,
followed by a full stop
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
¨¨ In square brackets put online
by a colon
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
by a colon
Checklist:
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Artist(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ In square brackets put details
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
followed by their initials with a full of the format
web address
stop after each initial
¨¨ Location, followed by a colon
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
¨¨ Year of composition in round
¨¨ Name of the collection, followed and the date you accessed the art,
brackets
by a full stop followed by a full stop
¨¨ Title of the composition in italics,
followed by a full stop
2 Art

2 Art
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2 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
2.4 Performance art
In-text citation
(Abramovic, 2005)
Reference list
Abramovic, M. (2005) Seven easy pieces.
[performance art] New York, USA: Guggenheim
Museum, 9 November.
Checklist:
¨¨ Artist(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of the performance in round
brackets
¨¨ Title of the performance in italics,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
performance art
¨¨ Place of performance, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Name of the venue, followed
by a comma
¨¨ Day and month of the
performance, followed by a
full stop
2 Art
A
3
Books
2.5 Artist’s film 3.1 Book with a single author
In-text citation In-text citation
(Magdy, 2012) (Cottrell, 2013) for the whole text
(Cottrell, 2013, 156) when referring to a specific page
Reference list
(Cottrell, 2013, 156-158) when referring to a range of pages
Magdy, B. (2012) Time laughs back at you like
a sunken ship. [Super 8 film transferred to HD Reference list
video] 9 mins. 31 secs. London: Tate.
Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Checklist:
1. Author’s surname, followed by their
¨¨ Artist(s)’ surname, a comma, initials with a full stop after each initial,
followed by their initials with or corporate author
a full stop after each initial 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) 4. Edition (only if not the first edition)
of book in italics, followed by followed by a full stop
¨¨ Year of composition of the film 2. Year of publication a full stop
in round brackets in round brackets
¨¨ Title of the film in italics,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets give details
Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th edition.
of the format Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
¨¨ Length of film in minutes
and seconds
5. Place of publication, followed by 6. Publisher, followed
¨¨ Location, followed by a colon a colon by a full stop
¨¨ Name of collection, followed
by a full stop
3 Books
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3 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
3.2 Book with two authors
In-text citation
Use both authors’ surnames
(Ledger and Luckhurst, 2000) for
the whole text
(Ledger and Luckhurst, 2000, 24)
when referring to a specific page
(Ledger and Luckhurst, 2000, 24-48)
when referring to a range of pages
Reference list
Ledger, S. and Luckhurst, R. (2000)
The fin de siècle: a reader in cultural history,
c.1880-1900. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3.3 Book with three or
more authors
In-text citation
There is no need to use all of the authors’
names in your in-text citation, you can name
just the first author followed by the words et al
(which means ‘and others’).
(Klug et al, 2012) for the whole text.
(Klug et al, 2012, 46) when referring
to a specific page
(Klug et al, 2012, 46-48) when referring
to a page range
Reference list
You need to name all the authors in the order
they appear on the title page of the book.
Klug, W. S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer,
C.A. and Palladino, M.A. (2012) Concept of
genetics. 10th edition. Boston: Pearson.
3 Books
Checklist:
¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial, or
corporate author
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of book in italics, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
3.4 Book without a
named author
If an author of a book is not named, replace the
author’s name with the title of the book.
In-text citation
(A woman in Berlin, 2011) for whole text
(A woman in Berlin, 2011, 176) when
referring to a specific page
(A woman in Berlin, 2011, 176-178)
when referring to a range of pages
Reference list
A woman in Berlin. (2011) London:
Virago Press.
Checklist:
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of book in italics, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
Books A
3
3.5 Edited book
In-text citation
(Boardman et al, 2010) for whole text
(Boardman et al, 2010, 39) when referring
to a specific page
(Boardman et al, 2010, 39-41) when
referring to a page range
Reference list
Boardman, J., Currie, A., Killaspy, H. and
Mezey, G. (eds.) (2010) Social inclusion and
mental health. London: RCPsych Publications.
Checklist:
¨¨ Editor(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with
a full stop after each initial
¨¨ Put ed. in round brackets. If it has
more than one editor, use eds.
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of book in italics, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
3 Books
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3 Referencing Handbook: Harvard Books A
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3.6 Chapter in an edited book 3.7 Introduction, foreword, Reference list
afterword MacLaren, D. and Morton, J. (2012)
In-text citation Biochemistry for sport and exercise
(Legge, 2007) for the whole chapter In-text citation
metabolism. [online] Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
(Legge, 2007, 38) when referring to a specific page (Beevor, 2011) Available from https://www.dawsonera.com/
(Legge, 2007, 38-42) when referring to a page range abstract/9780470091869
Reference list
[Accessed 18 June 2013].
Reference list Beevor, A. (2011) Introduction in A woman in
Berlin. London: Virago Press.
Legge, K. (2007) HRM: rhetoric, reality and hidden agendas. In: John Storey (ed.) Human resource Checklist:
management: a critical text. 3rd edition. London: Thomson, 33-62.
Checklist: ¨¨ A
uthor/Editor(s)’ surname, a
comma, followed by their initials
1. Chapter author(s)’ surname, followed by 2. Year of publication in 3. Title of chapter, 4. In, followed by ¨¨ Surname of author of with a full stop after each initial,
a comma, followed by their initials with a round brackets followed by a full stop a colon introduction/foreword/afterword, or corporate author
full stop after each initial a comma, followed by their initials
with a full stop after each initial ¨¨ If the book has an editor, put ed.
in round brackets. If it has more
¨¨ Year of publication in round than one editor, use eds.
Legge, K. (2007) HRM: rhetoric, reality and hidden agendas. In: brackets
John Storey (ed.) Human resource management: a critical text. ¨¨ Introduction/foreword/afterword
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
3rd edition. London: Thomson, 33-62. then in
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) in italics, followed by a full stop
5. Editor(s)’ first 6. Put ed. in round 7. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of book
name and brackets. If it has in italics, followed by a full stop of book in italics, followed by
surname more than one a full stop ¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
editor use eds. followed by a full stop
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by full stop ¨¨ In square brackets put online
8. Edition (only if not the 9. Place of publication, 10. Publisher, followed 11. Page range, followed
first edition) followed followed by a colon by a colon by a full stop ¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon by a colon

¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop ¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop

¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
Checklist:
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
¨¨ Chapter author(s)’ surname, a ¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) 3.8 Ebook and the date you accessed the
comma, followed by their initials of book in italics, followed by a ebook, followed by a full stop
In-text citation
with a full stop after each initial full stop
(MacLaren and Morton, 2012) for the
¨¨ Year of publication in round ¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition) whole text
brackets followed by full stop
(MacLaren and Morton, 2012, 57)
¨¨ Title of chapter, followed by ¨¨ Place of publication, followed when referring to a specific page
a full stop by a colon (MacLaren and Morton, 2012, 57-75)
¨¨ In, followed by a colon ¨¨ Publisher, followed by a comma when referring to a page range

¨¨ Editor(s)’ first name and surname ¨¨ Page range, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Put ed. in round brackets. If it has
more than one editor, use eds.
3 Books

3 Books
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3 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
3.9 Ebook on a reader
(Kindle, etc.)
In-text citation
(Hawking and Mlodinow, 2010) for whole text
(Hawking and Mlodinow, 2010, chapter 2)
when using a direct quotation from an ebook
on a reader you should refer to the chapter
number, because there are no page numbers.
Reference list
Hawking, S. and Mlodinow, L. (2010)
The grand design. [Kindle] London:
Transworld Digital.
Checklist:
¨¨ Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a
comma, followed by their initials
with a full stop after each initial,
or corporate author
¨¨ If the book has an editor, put ed.
in round brackets. If it has more
than one editor, use eds.
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
in italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets give the type
of ebook reader
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
3 Books
Books A
3
3.10 Book review
In-text citation
(Palfreyman, 2012, 31) when referring to
a specific page.
(Palfreyman, 2012, 31-33) when referring to
3.11 Sacred texts
a range of pages. When quoting from the Bible or any sacred
text, you should name the title of the text
Reference list
followed by the book, chapter and verse.
Palfreyman, J. (2012) Successful mentoring
in nursing by Liz Aston and Paula Hallam In-text citation
reviewed in Nursing Standard, 26(21) 31. (The Holy Bible, Genesis, 1:1)
Reference list
Checklist:
The Holy Bible containing the Old and New
¨¨ Reviewer(s)’ surname, a comma, Testaments. [Authorised King James Version]
followed by their initials with a full (undated) London: Collins Bible.
stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of publication of review in Checklist:
round brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) in italics, followed by a full stop
of the book being reviewed
¨¨ Version (if applicable) in square
¨¨ Put by, then the author(s)’(of the brackets
book being reviewed) first name
and surname ¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets (if known, if not put
¨¨ Put reviewed in, followed by the undated)
title of the publication containing
the review in italics, then a comma ¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Volume number
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
¨¨ If there is a part, issue, month or
season, put this information in
round brackets
¨¨ Page numbers, followed by a
full stop
3 Books
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4 Referencing Handbook: Harvard 5
Case studies Conference papers
In-text citation In-text citation
(The Times 100 Business Case Studies, 2010) for whole text. (Almorsy, M. et al, 2011) for the whole text
(The Times 100 Business Case Studies, 2010, 77) when referring to a specific page (Almorsy, M. et al, 2011, 364) when referring to a specific page
(The Times 100 Business Case Studies, 2010, 76-79) when referring to a range of pages (Almorsy, M. et al, 2011, 364-366) when referring to a range of pages

Reference list Reference list

The Times 100 Business Case Studies (2010) Providing consumers with ethically sourced Almorsy, M., Grundy, J. and Ibrahim, A.S. (2011) Collaboration-based cloud computing security
garments: a Primark case study. [case study] Tadcaster: Business Case Studies LLP. management framework. In: Ling Liu and Manish Parashar (eds.) Cloud 2011: IEEE 4th Interna-
tional Conference on Cloud Computing, Washington D.C. 4-9 July, Washington D.C., USA: The
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 364-371.
1. Author/editor(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication in round 3. Title (followed by a colon and subtitle
followed by their initials with a full stop brackets if applicable) of book in italics, followed
after each initial, or corporate author by a full stop 1. Author(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication in 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
followed by their initials with a full round brackets conference paper, followed by a full stop
stop after each initial
5. Editor(s)’ first name and surname
4. In, followed by a colon (if available) followed by ed. or
The Times 100 Business Case Studies (2010) Providing consumers eds. in round brackets
with ethically sourced garments: a Primark case study. [case study]
Tadcaster: Business Case Studies LLP. Almorsy, M. Grundy, J. and Ibrahim, A.S. (2011) Collaboration-based
cloud computing security management framework. In: Ling Liu and
4. In square brackets
5. Place of publication, 6. Publisher, followed by a put case study Manish Parashar (eds.) Cloud 2011: IEEE 4th International Conference
followed by a colon full stop on Cloud Computing, Washington D.C. 4-9 July, Washington D.C., USA:
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 364-371.

Checklist: 6. Title of the conference in italics, 7. Place and date of conference 8. Place of publication,
followed by a comma separated by commas followed by a colon
¨¨ Author/editor(s)’ surname, a ¨¨ In square brackets put case study
comma, followed by their initials 9. Publisher, followed by a comma 10. Page number(s), followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
with a full stop after each initial,
by a colon
or corporate author
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
¨¨ If the book has an editor, put ed.
in round brackets. If it has more ¨¨ If the case study is online put
than one editor, use eds. Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets ¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed

5 Conference Papers
and the date you accessed the
¨¨ Title (followed by a colon and
case study, followed by a full stop
subtitle if applicable) of book in
4 Case studies

italics, followed by a full stop

 A
5 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
Checklist:
¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of conference paper, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ In, followed by a colon
¨¨ Editor(s)’ first name and surname
(if available) followed by ed. or eds.
in round brackets
¨¨ Title of the conference in italics,
followed by a comma
¨¨ Place and date of conference
separated by commas
5 Conference Papers
¨¨ If the conference paper is
unpublished, put unpublished
in square brackets, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a comma
¨¨ Page number(s), followed by
a full stop
¨¨ If the conference paper is online
put Available from, followed by
the web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
paper, followed by a full stop
6
Correspondence
6.1 Email
You should seek permission from the sender before referring to personal emails in your
academic work.
In-text citation
(Havenhand, 2013)
Reference list
Havenhand, J. (2013) Referencing help guide. [email] Sent to Helen Williams, 17 June.
1. Sender(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year the email was sent 3. Subject line or a short 4. In square brackets
followed by their initials with a in round brackets description, if more appropriate, put email
full stop after each initial in italics, followed by a full stop
Havenhand, J. (2013) Referencing help guide. [email] Sent to Helen
Williams, 17 June.
5. Sent to, followed by recipient(s)’ first 6. Day and month the email was sent,
name and surname, followed by a comma followed by a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Sender(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ In square brackets put email
followed by their initials with a
¨¨ Sent to, followed by recipient(s)’
full stop after each initial
first name and surname, followed
¨¨ Year the email was sent in round by a comma
brackets
¨¨ Day and month the email was sent,
¨¨ Subject line or a short description, followed by a full stop
if more appropriate, in italics,
followed by a full stop
6 Correspondence
 A
6 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
6.2 Letter
You should seek permission from the sender
before referring to personal letters in your
academic work.
In-text citation
(Lloyd George, 1913)
Reference list
Lloyd George, D. (1913) Political and
military situation in Eastern Europe.
[letter] Sent to Winston Churchill, 3 April.
London: Churchill Archive. Available from
http://www.churchillarchive.com/explore/
page?id=CHAR%2013%2F19%2F95
[Accessed 19 June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Sender(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with
a full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year in round brackets
¨¨ Give a short description of the
content in italics, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put letter
¨¨ Sent to, followed by the
recipient(s)’ first name and
surname, followed by a comma
¨¨ Day and month of letter followed
by a full stop
¨¨ If the letter is in a collection put
location of collection, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Name of the collection (if
applicable) followed by a full stop
6 Correspondence
¨¨ If the letter is online put Available
from, followed by the web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
letter, followed by a full stop
6.3 Mailing list
In-text citation
(Hicks, 2013)
Reference list
Hicks, B. (2013) Participate in a survey
to map dementia care research. [mailing
list] Sent to NURSE-UK, 10 May. Available
from https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/
webadmin?A2=ind1305&L=NURSE-
UK&F=&S=&P=2039 [Accessed 19
June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Sender(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year in round brackets
¨¨ Subject line or a short description,
if more appropriate, in italics,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put mailing list
¨¨ Sent to, followed by the mailing list
name, followed by a comma
¨¨ Day and month of the posting,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
mailing list, followed by a full stop
7
Dance
In-text citation
(English National Ballet, 2013)
Reference list
English National Ballet (2013) Petite mort. [performance] Jirí Kylián (chor.) London: Coliseum,
19 April.
1. Performer(s)’ first 2. Year of performance 3. Title of performance 4. In square brackets put
name and surname or in round brackets in italics, followed by performance
company name a full stop
5. Choreographer’s first
name and surname
English National Ballet (2013) Petite mort. [performance] Jirí Kylián
(chor.) London: Coliseum, 19 April.
6. Put chor. (abbreviation for 8. Name of venue, 9. Day and month of performance,
choreographer) in round brackets followed by a comma followed by a full stop
7. Place of performance, followed by
a colon
Checklist:
¨¨ Performer(s)’ first name and ¨¨ Put chor. (abbreviation for
surname or company name choreographer) in round brackets
¨¨ Year of performance in round ¨¨ Place of performance, followed
brackets by a colon
¨¨ Title of performance in italics, ¨¨ Name of venue, followed by
followed by a full stop a comma
¨¨ In square brackets put ¨¨ Day and month of performance,
performance followed by a full stop
¨¨ Choreographer’s first name and
surname
7 Dance
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8 Diagrams, figures, Referencing Handbook: Harvard
Film, television, 9
images, tables radio
9.1 Film
If you reproduce any diagrams, figures, images or tables from a printed or an online source you
In-text citation
should provide a caption, instead of an in-text citation, acknowledging its source.
(Luhrmann, 2013)
For example, if you reproduced the table from page 1155 in Campbell Biology by Reece et al your
caption would be: Reference list
Luhrmann, B. (dir.) (2013) The great Gatsby. [film] London: Warner Bros.
Summation of twitches from Reece at al (2011), 1155

You will also need to include the details of the source in your reference list – follow the relevant
checklist for your source.
1. Director(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Put dir. (abbreviation for director) 3. Year of release in round brackets
Reference list
followed by their initials with a full in round brackets. If it has more
Reece, J.B., Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S.A., Minorsky, P. V. and Jackson, R.B. (2011) stop after each initial than one director, use dirs.
Campbell biology. 9th edition. Boston: Pearson.

4. Title in italics, followed by a full stop 5. In square brackets put film

Luhrmann, B. (dir.) (2013) The great Gatsby. [film] London:

Warner Bros.

7. Distribution company, followed by 6. Location of distributor (if known)

a full stop followed by a colon

Checklist:
¨¨ Director(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Title in italics, followed by a
followed by their initials with a full full stop
stop after each initial
¨¨ In square brackets put film
¨¨ Put dir. (abbreviation for director)
8 Diagrams, figures, images, tables

¨¨ Location of distributor (if known)

in round brackets. If it has more
followed by a colon
than one director, use dirs.
¨¨ Distribution company, followed
¨¨ Year of release in round brackets
by a full stop

9 Film, television, radio

 A
9 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
9.2 Broadcast television/radio
In-text citation
(My kidney and me, 2012)
Reference list
My kidney and me (2012) [online] 4OD.
6 August, 22:00. Available from http://www.
channel4.com/programmes/my-kidney-and-
me/4od [Accessed 1 July 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Title of the programme in italics
¨¨ Year of production in round
brackets
¨¨ If the programme is online, put
online in square brackets
¨¨ Episode/series number(s), if any,
followed by a comma
¨¨ Broadcast channel, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ Day and month of transmission,
followed by a comma
¨¨ Time of transmission, using the 24
hour clock, followed by a full stop
¨¨ If the programme is online put
Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
programme, followed by a full stop
9 Film, television, radio
9.3 DVD – film
In-text citation
(Wegener, 1920)
Reference list
Wegener, P. (dir.) (1920) Der Golem. [DVD]
London: Eureka.
Checklist:
¨¨ Director’s surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Put dir. (abbreviation for director)
in round brackets. If it has more
than one director, use dirs.
¨¨ Year of release in round brackets
¨¨ Title of film in italics, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put DVD
¨¨ Place of distribution, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Distribution company, followed
by a full stop
Film, television, radio 9
9.4 DVD – television 9.6 Online archive of off-air
programme recordings (e.g. Box of
Broadcasts)
In-text citation
(Doctor Who, 2013) In-text citation
(Rupert Murdoch: Battle with Britain, 2013)
Reference list
Doctor Who (2013) [DVD] series 7, part 2. Reference list
London: BBC. Rupert Murdoch: Battle with Britain (2013)
[online off-air recording] BBC Two. 28 April,
21:00. Available from http://bobnational.net/
Checklist:
programme php?archive=147494&view=flash_
player [Accessed 4 July 2013].
¨¨ Title of the programme in italics
¨¨ Year of production in round
brackets Checklist:
¨¨ In square brackets put DVD ¨¨ Title of the programme in italics
¨¨ Episode/series number(s), if any, ¨¨ Year of production in round
followed by a full stop brackets
¨¨ Place of distribution, followed ¨¨ In square brackets put online
by a colon off-air recording
¨¨ Distribution company, followed ¨¨ Broadcast channel, followed by
by a full stop a full stop
¨¨ Day and month of transmission,
followed by a comma
9.5 Off-air recordings
¨¨ Time of transmission, using the 24
hour clock, followed by a full stop
In-text citation
(Visions of the future, 2008) ¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
Reference list
Visions of the future (2008) [off-air recording] ¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
BBC Four. 30 January, 00:55.
programme, followed by a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Title of the programme in italics
¨¨ Year of production in round
brackets
¨¨ In square brackets put off-air
recording
9 Film, television, radio
¨¨ Broadcast channel, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ Day and month of transmission,
followed by a comma
¨¨ Time of transmission, using the 24
hour clock, followed by a full stop
 A
9 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
9.7 Amateur film
In-text citation
(Graber, 1977)
Reference list
Graber, S. (dir.) (1977) The cat and the tune.
[amateur film] Available from http://www.eafa.
org.uk/catalogue/3965 [Accessed 1 July 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Director’s surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a full
stop after each initial
¨¨ Put dir. (abbreviation for director)
in round brackets. If it has more
than one director, use dirs.
¨¨ In round brackets put date of
production (if not known use
undated)
¨¨ Title of the film in italics,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
amateur film
¨¨ If the film is accessed online put
Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
film,followed by a full stop
9 Film, television, radio
9.8 Trailer
In-text citation
(Villeneuve, 2013)
Reference list
Villeneuve, D. (dir.) (2013) Prisoners. [trailer]
Available from http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=bpXfcTF6iVk [Accessed 1 July 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Director’s surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a full
stop after each initial
¨¨ Put dir. (abbreviation for director)
in round brackets. If it has more
than one director, use dirs.
¨¨ Date of release in round brackets
¨¨ Title of the film in italics, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put trailer
¨¨ If the trailer is accessed online put
Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
trailer, followed by a full stop
10
Interviews
10.1 Broadcast
In-text citation
(Twigg, 2013)
Reference list
Twigg, S. (2013) Free schools would remain open. [interview] BBC One. Interviewed by Jeremy
Vine, The Andrew Marr Show, 30 June.
1. Interviewee(s)’ surname, a 2. Year of interview in 3. Title, or short description if 4. In square brackets
comma, followed by their initials round brackets more appropriate, followed put interview
with a full stop after each initial by a full stop
Twigg, S. (2013) Free schools would remain open. [interview]
BBC One. Interviewed by Jeremy Vine, The Andrew Marr Show,
10 June
5. Broadcast channel, 6. Interviewed by, followed by the interviewer(s)’ 7. Programme name in italics,
followed by a full stop name and surname then a comma followed by a comma
8. Day and month of the interview,
followed by a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Interviewee(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Programme name in italics,
followed by their initials with a full followed by a comma
stop after each initial
¨¨ Day and month of the interview,
¨¨ Year of interview in round brackets followed by a full stop
¨¨ Title, or short description if more ¨¨ If the interview is online put
appropriate, followed by a full stop Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put interview
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
¨¨ Broadcast channel, followed by
and the date you accessed the
a full stop
interview, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Interviewed by, followed by the
10 Interviews
interviewer(s)’ first name and
surname then a comma
A
10 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
Journals, 11
magazines, periodicals
11.1 Journal articles
10.2 Personal
In-text citation
You should seek permission from the interviewee/interviewer before referring to a personal
(Battilana and Casciaro, 2013) for whole article
interview in your academic work.
(Battilana and Casciaro, 2013, 62) when referring to a single page
In-text citation (Battilana and Casciaro, 2013, 62-64) when referring to a range of pages
(Snowley, 2013)
Reference list
Reference list Battilana, J. and Casciaro, T. (2013) The network secrets of great change agents. Harvard
Snowley, I. (2013) Questions on referencing. [interview] Interviewed by Lys Ann Reiners, 1 July. Business Review, 91(7) 62-68.

Checklist:
¨¨ Interviewee(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a full
stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of interview in round brackets
¨¨ Title or short description, if more
appropriate, in italics, followed by
a full stop
1. Author(s)’ surname, a comma, followed by their
¨¨ In square brackets put interview initials with a full stop after each initial - if there
is more than one author, you should name all of 2. Year of publication in 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
¨¨ Interviewed by, followed by the them in the order they are given in the article round brackets article, followed by a full stop
interviewer(s)’ first name and
surname, followed by a comma
¨¨ Day and month of the interview,
Battilana, J. and Casciaro, T. (2013) The network secrets of great
followed by a full stop change agents. Harvard Business Review, 91(7) 62-68.

4. Title of journal in italics, followed 5. Volume number 6. If there is a part/issue/month/ 7. Page numbers, followed
by a comma season, put this information in by a full stop
round brackets

Checklist:
¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ If there is a part/issue/month/
followed by their initials with a full season, put this information in
stop after each initial – if there is round brackets
more than one author, you should

11 Journals, magazines, periodicals

¨¨ Page numbers, followed by a
name all of them in the order they
full stop
are given in the article
¨¨ If the journal article is online put
¨¨ Year of publication in round
Available from, followed by the
brackets
web address
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
of article, followed by a full stop
and the date you accessed the
¨¨ Title of journal in italics, followed journal article, followed by a
10 Interviews

by a comma full stop

¨¨ Volume number
A
11 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
11.2 Pre-prints
You may find articles in a repository, or on
a publisher’s website, which have been
made available online before they have
been submitted for peer review or published
in a journal.
In-text citation
(Risler and Basun, 2013) for the whole article
Reference list
Risler, T. and Basun, M. (2013) Morphological
instabilities of stratified epithelia: a mechanical
instability in tumour formation. [pre-print]
Submitted to New Journal of Physics. Available
from http://arxiv.org/pdf/1306.5676v1.pdf
[Accessed 28 June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a full
stop after each initial – if there is
more than one author, you should
name all of them in the order they
are given in the article
¨¨ Year of writing in round brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
article, followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put pre-print
¨¨ Submitted to (if this information is
11 Journals, magazines, periodicals
with the article)
¨¨ Title of journal (if available) in
italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
pre-print, followed by a full stop
12
Law
11.3 Post-prints/articles in press Law students should follow the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA)
as this is the Law School’s preferred style of referencing. Below are guidelines for non-law students
Post-prints and articles in press have been who need to refer to legal publications using Harvard.
submitted for peer review and accepted for
publication but have not yet been published 12.1 Cases (Law Reports)
in a specific journal issue. Publishers will often
You should refer to cases by their party names and year in your in-text citation. This information will
assign a DOI (digital object identifier) to uniquely
be available at the beginning of a Law Report.
identify the record.
In-text citation
In-text citation
(Pepper v Hart, 1993)
(Tusting et al, 2013) for the whole article
Reference list
Reference list
You should include the party names, year and information about where the case has been
Tusting, L.S., Willey, B., Lucas, H., Thompson,
reported in your reference list exactly as it appears at the beginning of a Law Report.
J., Kafy, H.T., Smith, R. and Lindsay, S.W.
(2013) Socioeconomic development as an Pepper v Hart [1993] AC 593.
intervention against malaria: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. [in press] The
Lancet. Available from http://www.thelancet. 1. Party names (separated by 2. Year the case was heard (in round or square
a v) in italics brackets – follow the style given in the Law Report)
com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-
6736(13)60851-X/fulltext#article_upsell
[Accessed 1 July 2013].
Checklist: Pepper v Hart [1993] AC 593.
¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a full 3. Abbreviation of Law Report series or, for a neutral 3. Page number or, for a neutral citation,
stop after each initial – if there is citation, the Court and Division where the case case, followed by a full stop
more than one author, you should was heard
name all of them in the order they
are given in the article
Checklist:
¨¨ Year of writing in round brackets
¨¨ Party names (separated by a v) ¨¨ Abbreviation of Law Report
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
in italics series or, for a neutral citation,
article, followed by a full stop
the Court and Division where the
¨¨ Year the case was heard (in round
¨¨ In square brackets put post-print/ case was heard
or square brackets – follow the
in press
style given in the Law Report) ¨¨ Page number or, for a neutral
¨¨ Title of journal in italics, followed citation, case number, followed
¨¨ Volume number, if applicable
by a full stop by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address/DOI
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
article, followed by a full stop
12 Law
A
12 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
12.2 Unreported UK cases
In-text citation
(Evans v Governor of H.M. Prison Brockhill,
1985)
Reference list
Evans v Governor of H.M. Prison Brockhill
(1985) [unreported] Court of Appeal (Civil
Division), 19 June.
Checklist:
¨¨ Party names (separated by a v)
in italics
¨¨ Year the case was heard in round
brackets
¨¨ In square brackets put unreported
¨¨ Court where the case was heard,
followed by a comma
¨¨ Day and month the case was heard
(if known) followed by a full stop
12.3 Acts of Parliament (Statutes)
In-text citation
(Justice and Security Act, 2013) for whole Act
(Justice and Security Act, 2013, s.2) when
referring to a specific section
(Justice and Security Act, 2013, s.2(2)) when
referring to a specific subsection
Reference list
Justice and Security Act 2013 (c.18). London:
HMSO.
Checklist:
¨¨ Short title of the Act, including
the year, in italics
¨¨ In round brackets put c.
(abbreviation for chapter) followed
by the chapter number in italics,
then a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed by
a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
12.4 Statutory Instruments
In-text citation
(The Severn Bridges Tolls Order, 2012)
Reference list entry
The Severn Bridges Tolls Order 2012, SI
2012/3136. London: The Stationery Office.
12.5 Bills before Parliament
In-text citation
(Transport Bill, 1999)
Reference list
Transport Bill (1999) House of Commons (Bill 8
1999-2000). London: The Stationery Office.
Checklist:
¨¨ Short title of the Bill in italics
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ The House the Bill was heard in
¨¨ In round brackets put the Bill
number and session, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
Law 12
12.6 EU Regulations, Directives,
Decisions
In-text citation
(Commission Decision, 2013/C 187/08)
Reference list
Commission Decision of 28 June 2013
appointing members and alternatives of
the Committee for Advanced Therapies to
represent clinicians and patients’ associations.
Official Journal of the European Union (2013/C
187/08) 29 June. Available from http://
eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.
do?uri=OJ:C:2013:187:0009:0009:EN:PDF
[Accessed 21 June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Title including the type of
document (e.g. Commission
Decision) followed by a full stop
¨¨ If published in the Official Journal
(OJ) put Official Journal of the
European Union in italics
¨¨ Document reference in round
brackets
¨¨ Day and month of publication,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ If accessed online put Available
from, followed by the web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
document, followed by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Title of Statutory Instrument
including year in italics, followed
by a comma
¨¨ SI, followed by the year of
enactment, a forward slash, then
the statutory instrument number
and a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
12 Law

12 Law
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
 A
12 Referencing Handbook: Harvard 13
Leaflets, pamphlets
12.7 Treaties In-text citation
(The National Gallery, 2009)
In-text citation
(Treaty of Lisbon, 2007) Reference list
The National Gallery (2009) Picasso: challenging the past 25 February - 7 June 2009. London:
Reference list The National Gallery.
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European
Community, 13 December 2007 (2007/C 306/01). Available from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.
do?uri=OJ:C:2007:306:SOM:EN:HTML [Accessed 20 June 2013]. 1. Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication in 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable)
followed by their initials with a full stop round brackets of the leaflet/pamphlet in italics,
after each initial, or corporate author followed by a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Title in italics, followed by ¨¨ If the treaty is online put Available
a comma from, followed by the web address The National Gallery (2009) Picasso: challenging the past 25
¨¨ Day, month and year the treaty ¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed February - 7 June 2009. London: The National Gallery.
was signed and the date you accessed the
treaty, followed by a full stop
¨¨ In round brackets put the 4. Place of publication (if known) followed by a colon 5. Publisher (if known) followed by a full stop
document reference, followed
by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a ¨¨ Place of publication (if known)
comma, followed by their initials followed by a colon
with a full stop after each initial,
¨¨ Publisher (if known) followed
or corporate author
by a full stop
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of leaflet/pamphlet in italics,
followed by a full stop

13 Leaflets, pamphlets
12 Law
A
14 Referencing Handbook: Harvard 15
Maps Microfilm
In-text citation Follow the format for the original source and after the title and full stop put microfilm in square
(Ordnance Survey, 2000) brackets. The example below is from page 3 of The Times of 5 January 1943.

Reference list
In-text citation
Ordnance Survey (2000) Lincoln, Sleaford, Metheringham & Navenby. [map] Explorer series,
(The Times, 1943)
sheet 272, 1:2500. Southampton: Ordnance Survey.
Reference list
The Times (1943) M. Boisson’s call to Frenchmen. [microfilm] 5 January, 3.

1. Cartographer (corporate or 2. Year of publication in round brackets 3. Title of map in italics, followed by
personal author) a full stop

Ordnance Survey (2000) Lincoln, Sleaford, Metheringham & Navenby.

[map] Explorer series, sheet 272, 1:2500. Southampton: Ordnance
Survey.
4. Series (if applicable) followed by 5. Sheet number (if applicable) 6. Scale, followed by a full stop
a comma followed by a comma

7. Place of publication, followed by a colon 8. Name of publisher, followed

by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Cartographer (corporate or ¨¨ Scale, followed by a full stop
personal author)
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
¨¨ Year of publication in round by a colon
brackets
¨¨ Name of publisher, followed
¨¨ Title of map in italics, followed by a full stop
by a full stop
¨¨ If the map is online put Available
¨¨ In square brackets put map from, followed by the web address
¨¨ Series (if applicable) followed ¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
by a comma and the date you accessed the
map, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Sheet number (if applicable)
followed by a comma

15 Microfilm
14 Maps
A
16 Referencing Handbook: Harvard Music A
16
Music 16.2 CD
In-text citation
16.3 Music track
In-text citation
(Metallica, 1986) (Metallica, 1986)

16.1 Music – live performance Reference list Reference list

Metallica (1986) Master of puppets. [CD] Metallica (1986) Disposable heroes. [CD
This covers all live music performances. If the performance is by an artist (e.g. The Rolling Stones
Chatsworth, USA: Asylum Records. track] 8 mins. 17 secs. Master of puppets.
or Gary Barlow) use their full stage name (band name or first name followed by surname) in place
Chatsworth, USA: Asylum Records.
of the composer.
Checklist:
In-text citation Checklist:
¨¨ Artist (put the performer(s)’
(Britten, 2013)
stage name in full) ¨¨ Artist (put the performer(s)’ stage
Reference list name in full)
¨¨ Year of release in round brackets
Britten, B. (2013) Four sea interludes from ‘Peter Grimes’. [performance] Sakari Oramo (cond.) ¨¨ Year of release in round brackets
¨¨ Title of CD in italics, followed by
BBC Symphony Orchestra. London: Royal Albert Hall, 12 July.
a full stop ¨¨ Title of music track, followed by
1. Composer’s surname, a comma, 2. Year of performance in round brackets 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put CD
followed by their initials with a full performance in italics, followed by
¨¨ In square brackets put CD track
stop after each initial a full stop ¨¨ Place of production, followed
by a colon ¨¨ Length of track in minutes and
seconds
¨¨ Record label, followed by a
Britten, B. (2013) Four sea interludes from ‘Peter Grimes’. full stop ¨¨ Title of CD in italics, followed
[performance] Sakari Oramo (cond.) BBC Symphony Orchestra. by a full stop

London: Royal Albert Hall, 12 July. ¨¨ Place of production, followed

4. In square brackets put
performance
by a colon
¨¨ Record label, followed by a
5. Conductor’s first 6. Put cond. (abbreviation 7. Orchestra name (if applicable) full stop
name and surname for conductor) in round followed by a full stop
(if applicable) brackets

8. Place of performance, 9. Venue, followed by 10. Day and month of

followed by a colon a comma performance, followed
by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Composer’s surname, a comma, ¨¨ Put cond. (abbreviation for
followed by their initials with a conductor) in round brackets
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Orchestra name (if applicable)
¨¨ Year of performance in round followed by a full stop
brackets
¨¨ Place of performance, followed
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) by a colon
of performance in italics, followed
¨¨ Venue, followed by a comma
by a full stop
¨¨ Day and month of performance,
¨¨ In square brackets put
followed by a full stop
performance
¨¨ Conductor’s first name and
16 Music

16 Music
surname (if applicable)
A
16 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
16.4 Music track download
In-text citation
(Tom Odell, 2013)
Reference list
Tom Odell (2013) See if I care. [download
track] 3 mins. 7 secs. Long way down.
London: ITNO/Columbia. Available from
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Long-Way-Down-
Explicit/dp/B00BYEUWH2/ref=sr_shvl_
lbum_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1372756639&sr=301-1
[Accessed 2 July 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Artist (put the performer(s)’ stage
name in full)
¨¨ Year of release in round brackets
¨¨ Title of track followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
download track
¨¨ Length of track in minutes and
seconds
¨¨ Title of album in italics, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ Place of production, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Record label, followed by a
full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
music track, followed by a full stop
16 Music
16.5 Musical score
In-text citation
(Carcassi, undated)
Reference list
Carcassi, M. (undated) Sechs capricen: für
gitarre, opus 26. [musical score] London:
Schott & Co.
Checklist:
¨¨ Composer(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a full
stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of score in italics, followed by a
full stop
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put musical
score
¨¨ Place of publication, followed by
a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
Music A
16
16.5 Musical score from a collection
In-text citation
(Dowland, 1977, 16)
Reference list
Dowland, J. (1977) Mistress Winter’s jump. [musical score] In: Harvey Vinson (ed.) The classic
guitar collection: volume 1. London: Amsco.
Checklist:
¨¨ Composer(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Editor(s)’ first name and surname
followed by their initials with a
¨¨ Put ed. in round brackets. If it has
full stop after each initial
more than one editor, use eds.
¨¨ Year of publication in round
¨¨ Title of collection in italics,
brackets
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Title of score, followed by a
¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
full stop
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
¨¨ Place of publication, followed by
musical score
a colon
¨¨ In, followed by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
16 Music
A
17 Referencing Handbook: Harvard New Media A
17
New Media 17.2 Facebook
In-text citation
17.3 Video sharing websites
In-text citation
(University of Lincoln English Language (Design Council, 2008)
Centre, 2013)
17.1 Blogs Reference list
Reference list Design Council (2008) What is good design?
In-text citation
University of Lincoln English Language [online video] Available from http://www.
(Open Europe Blog, 2013) Centre (2013) English language workshops. youtube.com/watch?v=5SFncmn3pTs
[facebook] 16 May. Available from https://www. [Accessed 2 July 2013].
Reference list
facebook.com/pages/University-of-Lincoln-
Open Europe Blog (2013) Got milk? Writing the nanny-state into EU law. [blog entry] 12 June. English-Language-Centre/214820105273196
London: Open Europe. Available from http://www.openeuropeblog.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/got- Checklist:
[Accessed 3 July 2013].
milk-writing-nanny-state-into-eu-law.html [Accessed 12 June 2013]. ¨¨ Contributor(s)
Checklist: ¨¨ Year of upload in round brackets
1. Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication in round brackets 3. Title of blog entry in italics,
followed by their initials with a full stop after followed by a full stop ¨¨ Contributor(s) ¨¨ Video title in italics, followed by
each initial, or corporate author. If there is no a full stop
author, put the title of the blog ¨¨ Year of post in round brackets
¨¨ In square brackets put online video
¨¨ Give short description of post in
italics, followed by a full stop ¨¨ Available from, followed by the
Open Europe Blog (2013) Got milk? Writing the nanny-state into ¨¨ In square brackets put facebook
web address
EU law. [blog entry] 12 June. London: Open Europe. Available from ¨¨ Day and month of post, followed
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
http://www.openeuropeblog.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/got-milk- by a full stop
and the date you accessed the
video, followed by a full stop
writing-nanny-state-into-eu-law.html [Accessed 12 June 2013]. ¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
4. In square brackets put blog entry 5. Day and month of entry, followed 6. Place of publication (if known) ¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
by a full stop followed by a colon and the date you accessed the
Facebook post, followed by a
7. Publisher (if known) followed by a 8. Available from, followed by the 9. In square brackets put Accessed full stop
full stop web address and the date you accessed the
blog entry, followed by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a ¨¨ Place of publication (if known)
comma, followed by their initials followed by a colon
with a full stop after each initial,
¨¨ Publisher (if known) followed
or corporate author. If there is no
by a full stop
author, put the title of the blog
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
¨¨ Year of publication in round
web address
brackets
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
¨¨ Title of blog entry in italics,
and the date you accessed the
followed by a full stop
blog entry, followed by a full stop
17 New Media

17 New Media
¨¨ In square brackets put blog entry
¨¨ Day and month of entry, followed
by a full stop
A
17 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
17.4 Twitter
In-text citation
(Wikileaks, 2013)
Reference list
Wikileaks (2013) Hidden microphone found.
[twitter] 3 July. Available from https://twitter.
com/wikileaks [Accessed 3 July 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Contributor(s)
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Give short description of tweet
in italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put twitter
¨¨ Day and month of tweet, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
tweet, followed by a full stop
17 New Media
17.5 Podcasts, vidcasts, vodcasts
In-text citation
(BBC World Service, 2013) (Glancey, 1999)
Reference list
BBC World Service (2013) Escape from
Alcatraz. [podcast] 11 June. Available from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/witness
[Accessed 13 June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Broadcaster(s)’ surname, a
comma, followed by their initials
with a full stop after each initial,
or corporate author
¨¨ Year of broadcast in round
brackets
¨¨ Title of podcast in italics, followed
by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put podcast/
vidcast/vodcast
¨¨ Day and month of broadcast,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
podcast/vidcast/vodcast, followed
by a full stop
A
18
Newspapers
18.1 Newspaper articles
In-text citation
Reference list
Glancey, J. (1999) Barcelona beats world’s top architects to award. The Guardian, 18 March, 6.
1. Journalist(s)’ surname, a comma, followed by their 2. Year of publication in 3. Title of the article, followed
initials with a full stop after each initial. If there is round brackets by a full stop
more than one journalist, you should name all of
them in the order they are given in the article
Glancey, J. (1999) Barcelona beats world’s top architects to award.
The Guardian, 18 March, 6.
4. Title of newspaper in italics, 5. Day and month of publication, 6. Page number(s), followed by
followed by a comma followed by a comma a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Journalist(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Day and month of publication,
followed by their initials with a followed by a comma
full stop after each initial. If there
¨¨ Page number(s), followed by
is more than one journalist, you
a full stop
should name all of them in the
order they are given in the article ¨¨ If the newspaper article is online
put Available from, followed by
¨¨ Year of publication in round
the web address
brackets
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
¨¨ Title of the article, followed by
and the date you accessed the
a full stop
newspaper article, followed by
¨¨ Title of newspaper in italics, a full stop
18 Newspapers
followed by a comma
A
18 Referencing Handbook: Harvard New Media A
19
Official Publications
18.2 Newspaper articles without 18.3 Press releases 19.1 Green, White and Command Papers
a byline
In-text citation In-text citation
If there is no byline, use the title of the (NHS Direct, 2013) (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, 2011) for the whole paper
newspaper instead.
(Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, 2011, 4) when referring to a specific page
Reference list
In-text citation (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, 2011, 9-10) when referring to a range of pages
NHS Direct (2013) NHS Direct’s processes
(The Sun, 1992) for providing health advice receive NICE Reference list
Reference list accreditation. [press release] 28 January.
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2011) The natural choice: securing the value of
Available from http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.
The Sun (1992) It was The Sun wot won it. 11 nature. CM8082. London: HMSO. Available from http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/
uk/News/LatestNews/NICEAccreditation
April, 1. cm80/8082/8082.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2013].
[Accessed 13 June 2013].

Checklist: Checklist:
1. Department’s name 2. Year of publication in 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
¨¨ Newspaper title in italics ¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma, round brackets paper in italics, followed by a full stop

¨¨ Year of publication in round followed by their initials with a

brackets
¨¨ Headline, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Day and month of publication,
followed by a comma
¨¨ Page number(s), followed by
a full stop
¨¨ If the newspaper article is online
put Available from, followed by
the web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
newspaper article, followed by
a full stop
full stop after each initial, or
corporate author
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title of press release in italics,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
press release
¨¨ Day and month of the press
release, followed by a full stop
¨¨ If the press release is online put
Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
press release, followed by a
full stop
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2011) The natural
choice: securing the value of nature. CM8082. London: HMSO.
Available from http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/
cm80/8082/8082.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2013].
4. Paper number, 5. Place of publication, 6. Publisher, followed
followed by a full stop followed by a colon by a full stop
7. If the paper is online put 8. In square brackets put Accessed and the
Available from, followed date you accessed the paper, followed
by the web address by a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Department’s name ¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets ¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop

19 Official Publications
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable) ¨¨ If the paper is online put Available
of paper in italics, followed by from, followed by the web address
a full stop
18 Newspapers

¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed

¨¨ Paper number, followed by a and the date you accessed the
full stop paper, followed by a full stop
A
19 Referencing Handbook: Harvard New Media A
20
Plays
19.2 Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
20.1 Play text
In-text citation
In-text citation
(Hansard: House of Commons, 2007)
(Beckett, 1965) for whole text
Reference list (Beckett, 1965, 41) when referring to a specific page
Hansard: House of Commons (2006-2007) World classroom initiative. [debate] 28 February 2007, (Beckett, 1965, 41-43) when referring to a range of pages
457, c909.
Reference list
Checklist: Beckett, S. (1965) Waiting for Godot: a tragicomedy in two acts. 2nd edition. London: Faber
and Faber.
¨¨ Hansard, a colon, then House ¨¨ Day, month and year of
of Commons/House of Lords proceedings, followed by a comma
¨¨ Parliamentary session in round ¨¨ Volume number, followed by 1. Playwright(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication in round brackets 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
brackets a comma followed by their initials with a full book in italics, followed by a full stop
stop after each initial
¨¨ Subject of debate/statement/ ¨¨ Put c (abbreviation for column –
answer in italics, followed by a if more than one column use cc)
full stop followed by the column number,
then a full stop
Beckett, S. (1965) Waiting for Godot: a tragicomedy in two acts.
¨¨ In square brackets put type 2nd edition. London: Faber and Faber.
of session

4. Edition (only if not the first edition) 5. Place of publication, 6. Publisher, followed by
followed by a full stop followed by a colon a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Playwright(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Edition (only if not the first edition)
followed by their initials with a followed by a full stop
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
¨¨ Year of publication in round by a colon
brackets
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of book in italics, followed by
a full stop
19 Official Publications

20 Plays
A
20 Referencing Handbook: Harvard New Media A
21
Software
20.2 Dramatic performance 21.1 Games
In-text citation In-text citation
(Shakespeare, 2013) (Center for Game Science, 2012)

Reference list Reference list

Shakespeare, W. (2013) Macbeth. [performance] Jamie Lloyd (dir.) London: Trafalgar Studios,
21 March.
Checklist:
¨¨ Playwright’s surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with
a full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of performance in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of play in italics, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
performance
¨¨ Director’s first name and surname
(if applicable)
¨¨ Put dir. (abbreviation for director)
in round brackets
¨¨ Company name (if applicable)
followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of performance, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Venue, followed by a comma
¨¨ Day and month of performance,
followed by a full stop
Center for Game Science (2013) Foldit. [online game] Seattle, USA: Center for Game Science
at the University of Washington. Available from http://fold.it/portal/info/about [Accessed 28
June 2013].
1. Developer(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication/ 3. Title of game in italics, 4. In square brackets
followed by their initials with a full stop update/copyright in followed by a full stop put online game
after each initial, or corporate author round brackets
Center for Game Science (2013) Foldit. [online game] Seattle, USA:
Center for Game Science at the University of Washington. Available
from http://fold.it/portal/info/about [Accessed 28 June 2013].
5. Place of publication, followed 7. Publisher, followed by a full stop 8. If the game is accessed online,
by a colon put Available from, followed by
9. In square brackets put Accessed the web address
and the date you accessed the
game, followed by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Developer(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Place of publication, followed
followed by their initials with a by a colon
full stop after each initial, or
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
corporate author
¨¨ If the game is accessed online, put
¨¨ Year of publication/update/
Available from, followed by the
copyright in round brackets
web address
¨¨ Title of game in italics, followed
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
by a full stop
and the date you accessed the
¨¨ In square brackets put online game game, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Version (only if not the first
version) followed by a full stop

21 Software
20 Plays
A
21 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
21.2 Apps
In-text citation
(Design Museum, 2012)
Reference list
Design Museum (2012) The Design Museum
collection. [app] version 1.11. Design Museum.
Available from http://www.apple.com/uk/itunes
[Accessed 28 June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Developer(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial, or
corporate author
¨¨ Year of publication/update/
copyright in round brackets
¨¨ Title in italics, followed by a
full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put app
¨¨ Put version (only if not the first
version) followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication (if available)
followed by a colon
¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the app,
followed by a full stop
21 Software
21.3 Other software
In-text citation
(Symantec, 2013)
Reference list
Symantec (2013) Norton internet security.
[software] version Windows 8/7/XP/Vista.
Mountain View, USA: Symantec.
Checklist:
¨¨ Developer
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
in italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put software
¨¨ Put version (only if not the first
version) followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication (if available)
followed by a colon
¨¨ Publisher (if available) followed
by a full stop
¨¨ If the software is accessed online,
put Available from, followed by
the web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
software, followed by a full stop
Technical, New Media A
22
commercial
22.1 British and International Standards
In-text citation
(British Standards Institution, 2008)
Reference list
British Standards Institution (2008) BS EN ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems:
requirements. London: British Standards Institution.
1. Corporate author 2. Year of publication in round brackets 3. Standard number
British Standards Institution (2008) BS EN ISO 9001:2008
Quality management systems: requirements. London:
British Standards Institution.
4. Title (and subtitle if applicable) 5. Place of publication, followed 6. Publisher, followed by a full stop
in italics, followed by a full stop by a colon
Checklist:
¨¨ Corporate author ¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Year of publication in round ¨¨ If accessed online, put Available
brackets from, followed by the web address
¨¨ Standard number ¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
standard, followed by a full stop
in italics, followed by a full stop
22 Technical, commercial
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
A
22 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
22.2 Patents
In-text citation
(Allen, 2013)
Reference list
Allen, J.R. (2013) Remote actuation device for spray cans. US20130026400 A1. United States.
Available from https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/
US20130026400.pdf [Accessed 5 July 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Inventor(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
in italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Patent number (or status if an
application is pending) followed
by a full stop
22 Technical, commercial
New Media A
23
Theses, dissertations
In-text citation
(Lyons, 2012) for whole text
(Lyons, 2012, 5) when referring to a specific page
(Lyons, 2012, 5-10) when referring to a page range
Reference list
Lyons, T.J. (2012) Tradable commodities of public assets?: spectrum and public service
communications in the early 21st century. PhD. University of Lincoln.
1. Author’s surname, a comma, 2. Year of submission in round brackets 3. Title (subtitle if applicable) in
¨¨ Place of publication (if available) followed by their initials with a italics, followed by a full stop
followed by a colon full stop after each initial
¨¨ Publisher (if available) followed
by a full stop
Lyons, T.J. (2012) Tradable commodities of public assets?: spectrum
¨¨ If the patent is accessed online,
put Available from, followed by
and public service communications in the early 21st century. PhD.
the web address University of Lincoln.
¨¨ In square brackets, put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
4. Qualification level, followed by a full stop 5. Higher Education Institution,
patent, followed by a full stop followed by a full stop
Checklist:
¨¨ Author’s surname, a comma, ¨¨ Qualification level, followed
followed by their initials with by a full stop
a full stop after each initial
¨¨ Higher Education Institution,
¨¨ Year of submission in round followed by a full stop
brackets
¨¨ Title (subtitle if applicable) in
italics, followed by a full stop
23 Theses, dissertations
A
24 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
Verbal New Media A
25
Translations communications
In-text citation 25.1 Lecture/Seminar
Remember to cite the original author in your work, not the translator.
You should seek permission from your lecturer/tutor before referring to lectures or seminars in your
(Camus, 1942) for whole text academic work.
(Camus, 1942, 35) when referring to a specific page In-text citation
(Camus, 1942, 35-36) when referring to a page range (Stone, 2012)
Reference list Reference list
Camus, A. (1942) The outsider. Translated from French by Joseph Laredo. London: Stone, R. (2012) Detention and questioning. [lecture] Police Powers LAW2161M-1213, University
Penguin Books. of Lincoln, 6 November.

1. Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a 2. Year of publication in 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable),

comma, followed by their initials
with a full stop after each initial
1. Lecturer(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year the lecture/seminar 3. Title of lecture/seminar 4. In square brackets put
round brackets in italics followed by a full stop
followed by their initials with a was presented in round in italics, followed by a lecture/seminar
full stop after each initial brackets full stop

Camus, A. (1942) The outsider. Translated from French by Stone, R. (2012) Detention and questioning. [lecture] Police Powers
Joseph Laredo. London: Penguin Books. LAW2161M-1213, University of Lincoln, 6 November.

4. Translated from, followed by the 5. Place of publication, 7. Publisher, followed 5. Module title and code, 6. Higher Education institution, 7. Day and month of lecture/
original language (if known) then followed by a colon by a full stop followed by a comma followed by a comma seminar, followed by a full stop
the translator(s)’ first name and
surname, followed by a full stop

Checklist:
¨¨ Author/Editor(s)’ surname, a
comma, followed by their initials
with a full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable),
Checklist:
¨¨ Translated from, followed by the
original language (if known) then
the translator(s)’ first name and
surname, followed by a full stop
¨¨ Place of publication, followed
by a colon
¨¨ Lecturer(s)’ surname, a comma, ¨¨ Module title and code, followed
followed by their initials with a full by a comma
stop after each initial
¨¨ Higher Education institution,
¨¨ Year the lecture/seminar was followed by a comma
presented in round brackets
¨¨ Day and month of lecture/seminar,
¨¨ Title of lecture/seminar in italics, followed by a full stop

25 Verbal communications
in italics, followed by a full stop ¨¨ Publisher, followed by a full stop followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put lecture/
seminar
24 Translations
A
25 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
25.2 Speech
In-text citation
(Churchill, 1936)
Reference list
Churchill, W. (1936) The abdication of King
Edward VIII. [speech] House of Commons,
10 December. Available from https://www.
winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-
of-winston-churchill/109-the-abdication-of-
king-edward-viii [Accessed 20 June 2013].
Checklist:
¨¨ Author(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with a
full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year of speech in round brackets
¨¨ Title or short description of speech
in italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put speech
¨¨ Place of speech, followed by
a comma
¨¨ Day and month of speech,
followed by a full stop
¨¨ If the speech is accessed online,
put Available from, followed by
the web address
¨¨ In square brackets, put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
speech, followed by a full stop
25 Verbal communications
25.3 Telephone call
You should seek permission from the
interviewee before referring to telephone
conversations in your academic work.
In-text citation
(Elkin, 2013)
Reference list
Elkin, J. (2013) Learning Development 1-to-1
drop in service. [telephone call] Conversation
with Marishona Ortega, 20 June.
Checklist:
¨¨ Caller(s)’ surname, a comma,
followed by their initials with
a full stop after each initial
¨¨ Year the conversation took place
in round brackets
¨¨ Short description of telephone call
in italics, followed by a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put
telephone call
¨¨ Conversation with, then the
first name and surname of the
recipient, followed by a comma
¨¨ Day and month that the
conversation took place,
followed by a full stop
New Media A
26
Websites
It is always important to evaluate a website before using it in your academic work. For more
information visit http://guides.library.lincoln.ac.uk/learningdevelopment
If a website does not have an obvious author, you can often find more information in the ‘About
us’ section. The year of publication for a website is usually when the website was last revised or
updated and is often found at the bottom of the website.
26.1 Personal author
In-text citation
(Triggle, 2013)
Reference list
Triggle, N. (2013) NHS boss aims to ‘liberate’ service from politics. [online] London: BBC.
Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-22792603 [Accessed 6 June 2013].
1. Author/editor(s)’ surname, a comma, 2. Year of publication in 3. Title (and subtitle if applicable) of
followed by their initials with a full stop round brackets website in italics, followed by a full stop
after each initial, or corporate author
Triggle, N. (2013) NHS boss aims to ‘liberate’ service from politics.
[online] London: BBC. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
health-22792603 [Accessed 6 June 2013].
4. In square 5. Place of publication 6. Publisher (if known)
brackets (if known) followed followed by a full stop
put online by a colon
7. Available from, followed 8. In square brackets put Accessed
by the web address and the date you accessed the
website, followed by a full stop
26 Websites
A
26 Referencing Handbook: Harvard
A
Reference list
A woman in Berlin. (2011) London: Virago Press.
Abramovic, M. (2005) Seven easy pieces. [performance art] New York, USA: Guggenheim Museum, 9 November.
Allen, J.R. (2013) Remote actuation device for spray cans. US20130026400 A1. United States. Available from https://docs.
26.2 Corporate author google.com/viewer?url=patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/US20130026400.pdf [Accessed 5 July 2013].

In-text citation Almorsy, M., Grundy, J. and Ibrahim, A.S. (2011) Collaboration-based cloud computing security management framework.
In: Ling Liu and Manish Parashar (eds.) Cloud 2011: IEEE 4th international conference on cloud computing, Washington
(BBC, 2013) D.C. 4-9 July, Washington D.C., USA: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 364-371.

Reference list Audi (2013) The new Audi Q5. [advertisement] ITV. 23 May, 21.17.

BBC (2013) UK faces European Court over immigrants’ benefits. [online] London: BBC.
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Checklist:
¨¨ Author/editor(s)’ surname, a
comma, followed by their initials
with a full stop after each initial,
or corporate author
¨¨ Year of publication in round
brackets
¨¨ Title (and subtitle if applicable)
of website in italics, followed by
a full stop
¨¨ In square brackets put online
¨¨ Place of publication (if known)
followed by a colon
¨¨ Publisher (if known) followed
by a full stop
¨¨ Available from, followed by the
web address
¨¨ In square brackets put Accessed
and the date you accessed the
website, followed by a full stop
Bacon, F. (1961) Seated figure. [oil on canvas] London: Tate Modern.
Battilana, J. and Casciaro, T. (2013) The network secrets of great change agents. Harvard Business Review, 91(7) 62-68.
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co.uk/news/uk-22712569 [Accessed 30 May 2013].
BBC World Service (2013) Escape from Alcatraz. [podcast] 11 June. Available from www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/
witness [Accessed 13 June 2013].
Beckett, S. (1965) Waiting for Godot: a tragicomedy in two acts. 2nd edition. London: Faber and Faber.
Beevor, A. (2011) Introduction in A woman in Berlin. London: Virago Press.
Boardman, J., Currie, A., Killaspy, H. and Mezey, G. (eds.) (2010) Social inclusion and mental health. London: RCPsych
Publications.
British Standards Institution (2008) BS EN ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems: requirements. London: British
Standards Institution.
Britten, B. (2013) Four sea interludes from ‘Peter Grimes’. [performance] Sakari Oramo (cond.) BBC Symphony Orchestra.
London: Royal Albert Hall, 12 July.
Camus, A. (1942) The outsider. Translated from French by Joseph Laredo. London: Penguin Books.
Carcassi, M. (undated) Sechs capricen: für gitarre, opus 26. [musical score] London: Schott & Co.
Center for Game Science (2013) Foldit. [online game] Seattle, USA: Center for Game Science at the University of
Washington. Available from http://fold.it/portal/info/about [Accessed 28 June 2013].
Churchill, W. (1936) The abdication of King Edward VIII. [speech] House of Commons, 10 December. Available from https://
www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/109-the-abdication-of-king-edward-viii [Accessed
20 June 2013].
Commission Decision of 28 June 2013 appointing members and alternatives of the Committee for Advanced Therapies to
represent clinicians and patients’ associations. Official Journal of the European Union (2013/C 187/08) 29 June. Available
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Cottrell, S. (2013) The study skills handbook. 4th edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Curiously Cinnamon (2013) Boombox breakfasts: the Latin lowriders. [online advertisement] Available from http://www.
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Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2011) The natural choice: securing the value of nature. CM8082.
London: HMSO. Available from http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf
[Accessed 2 July 2013].
Design Council (2008) What is good design? [online video] Available from http://www.youtube.com/
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Reference list
26 Websites

Doctor Who (2013) [DVD] series 7, part 2. London: BBC.

Dowland, J. (1977) Mistress Winter’s jump. [musical score] In: Harvey Vinson (ed.) The classic guitar collection: volume 1.
London: Amsco.
 A
Elkin, J. (2013) Learning Development 1-to-1 drop in service. [telephone call] Conversation with Marishona Ortega, 20 June.
English National Ballet (2013) Petite mort. [performance] Jirí Kylián (chor.) London: Coliseum, 19 April.
Evans v Governor of H.M. Prison Brockhill (1985) [unreported] Court of Appeal (Civil Division), 19 June.
Glancey, J. (1999) Barcelona beats world’s top architects to award. The Guardian, 18 March, 6.
Graber, S. (dir.) (1977) The cat and the tune. [amateur film] Available from http://www.eafa.org.uk/catalogue/3965
[Accessed 1 July 2013].
Hansard: House of Commons (2006-2007) World classroom initiative. [debate] 28 February 2007, 457, c909.
Havenhand, J. (2013) Referencing help guide. [email] Sent to Helen Williams, 17 June.
Hawking, S. and Mlodinow, L. (2010) The grand design. [Kindle] London: Transworld Digital.
Hicks, B. (2013) Participate in a survey to map dementia care research. [mailing list] Sent to NURSE-UK, 10 May. Available
from https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind1305&L=NURSE-UK&F=&S=&P=2039 [Accessed 19 June 2013].
The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments. [Authorised King James Version] (undated) London: Collins Bible.
Justice and Security Act 2013 (c.18). London: HMSO.
Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. and Palladino, M.A. (2012) Concept of genetics. 10th edition. Boston: Pearson.
Ledger, S. and Luckhurst, R. (2000) The fin de siècle: a reader in cultural history, c.1880-1900. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Legge, K. (2007) HRM: rhetoric, reality and hidden agendas. In: John Storey (ed.) Human resource management: a critical
text. 3rd edition. London: Thomson, 33-62.
Lloyd George, D. (1913) Political and military situation in Eastern Europe. [letter] Sent to Winston Churchill, 3 April. London:
Churchill Archive. Available from http://www.churchillarchive.com/explore/page?id=CHAR%2013%2F19%2F95 [Accessed
19 June 2013].
Luhrmann, B. (dir.) (2013) The great Gatsby. [film] London: Warner Bros.
Lyons, T.J. (2012) Tradable commodities of public assets?: spectrum and public service communications in the early 21st
century. PhD. University of Lincoln.
MacLaren, D. and Morton, J. (2012) Biochemistry for sport and exercise metabolism. [online] Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Available from https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9780470091869 [Accessed 18 June 2013].
Magdy, B. (2012) Time laughs back at you like a sunken ship. [Super 8 film transferred to HD video] 9 mins. 31 secs.
London: Tate.
Meshon, A. (undated) Untitled. [online] New York, USA: 3x3 Gallery. Available from http://www.3x3gallery.com/19/
AaronMeshon.php [Accessed 1 July 2013].
Metallica (1986) Disposable heroes. [CD track] 8 mins. 17secs. Master of puppets. Chatsworth, USA: Asylum Records.
Metallica (1986) Master of puppets. [CD] Chatsworth, USA: Asylum Records.
My kidney and me (2012) [online] 4OD. 6 August, 22:00. Available from http://www.channel4.com/programmes/my-kidney-
and-me/4od [Accessed 1 July 2013].
The National Gallery (2009) Picasso: challenging the past 25 February - 7 June 2009. London: The National Gallery.
NHS Direct (2013) NHS Direct’s processes for providing health advice receive NICE accreditation. [press release] 28
January. Available from http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/News/LatestNews/NICEAccreditation [Accessed 13 June 2013].
Open Europe Blog (2013) Got milk? Writing the nanny-state into EU law. [blog entry] 12 June. London: Open Europe.
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Reference list
Palfreyman, J. (2012) Successful mentoring in nursing by Liz Aston and Paula Hallam reviewed in Nursing Standard,
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Pepper v Hart [1993] AC 593.
Reece, J.B., Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S.A., Minorsky, P. V. and Jackson, R.B. (2011) Campbell biology. 9th edition.
Boston: Pearson.
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[Accessed 28 June 2013].
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Reference list
Referencing
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