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Seminar8 Occupationalhazards 170722063930 PDF
Seminar8 Occupationalhazards 170722063930 PDF
Seminar - 8
Dr. Nabeela Basha
3 Contents:
Introduction
Historical background
Definition
Health of workers
Occupational Hazards
Occupational Cancer
Occupational Hazards of Agricultural Workers
Accidents in Industry
Sickness Absenteeism
Prevention & control of occupational diseases
Ergonomics
4
Occupational Hazards in Dentistry.
Conclusion
Previous year questions
References
Introduction
5
6 Harry McShane,
age 16 years, 1908.
Had his left arm pulled off near
shoulder, and right leg broken
through kneecap, by being caught
on belt of a machine in Spring
factory in May 1908. He had been
working in factory more than 2 yrs.
No attention was paid by
employers to the boy either at
hospital or home according to
statement of boy's father. No com-
pensation. Location: Cincinnati,
Ohio.
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004000031/PP/
7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
A review of the historical background of occupational
diseases and occupational environment brings to light the
3 distinct phases of development and may be designated
as:
Post-Ramazzini
Ramazzini Phase
Phase
• Legislations in England
• Hippocrates – lead • Father of
& other European
toxicity in miners. Industrial countries
• Galen – miners, hygiene • 1930 – industrial
tanners, chemists • Gave two hygiene
famous exhortations • 1940 – importance
realized
Definition
8
Occupational health should aim at the promotion and
maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social
well being of the workers in all occupations; the prevention
among workers of departures from health caused by their
working conditions; the protection of workers in their
employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health;
the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational
environment adapted to his physiological and psychological
equipment and to summarize the adaptation of work to man and
of each man to his job.
(ILO/WHO 1950 and revised in 1996)
9
Preventive medicine and occupational health have the
same aim –
Occupati
onal
Environm
ent
Man and
Man and Man
Machine
Man and physical, chemical and
13 biological agents
Physical agents :-
Physical
hazards
Psychosocial Chemical
hazards hazards
Occupational
hazards
Mechanical Biological
hazards hazards
Physical hazards
20
High
High Temperature
Temperature
And
And
Low Temperature
Low Temperature
Non Ionizing
Ionizing radiation Low
Low Pressure
radiation Pressure
Physical hazards
Physical
hazards
Noise Vibration
Noise Vibration
Vibrations
Vibrations
Light
Light
Heat and Cold
21
Common physical hazard in most of industries.
Mode of absorption:-
Body Stores
Diagnosis
1. History
Management
India.
45
OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
Causes
1. Economic causes 3. Medical causes
2. Social causes 4. Non occupational causes
57 Prevention & Control of
Occupational diseases
1. Medical measures
3. Legislative measures
58
Medical measures
Periodical examination
Health care
Notification
59
Engineering / Safety measures
1. Design of building 8. Isolation
2. Good housekeeping 9. Local exhaust
3. General ventilation ventilation
4. Mechanization 10.Protective devices
5. Substitution 11.Environmental
monitoring
6. Dusts
12.Statistical monitoring
7. Enclosure
13.Research
60 Legislation
75
76 Contents:
Introduction
Historical background
Definition
Health of workers
Occupational Hazards
Occupational Cancer
Occupational Hazards of Agricultural Workers
Accidents in Industry
Sickness Absenteeism
Prevention & control of occupational diseases
77
Session - 2
Ergonomics
Occupational Hazards in Dentistry.
Conclusion
Previous year questions
References
78 ERGONOMICS
Well recognized discipline and constitutes an integral part of any
advanced occupational health service.
Object- “to achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his
work ,for the improvement of human efficiency and well-being”
Physical
Mechanica
l Biological
Hazards
in
dentistry
Chemical Psychologi
cal
Physical hazards
80 Heat
Lack of maintenance of electrical equipment.
Effects-painful shocks, burns, etc
Light
Poor illumination-eye pain, eye strain, headache,fatigue etc.
Excessive brightness- discomfort, annoyance, visual fatigue.
Prevention-Sufficient and suitable lighting.
Noise
High speed turbines, compressor, suction, ultrasonic dental
scaler.
Auditory-temporary or permanent hearing loss.
Non-auditory-fatigue, interference with communication by
speech, decreased efficiency and annoyance.
81
Ultraviolet radiation, computers, lasers
Radiation-X rays.
Prevention:
Wash the site of injury under running water with soap and
water
Latex glove
Covered with cornstarch powder –barrier against
pathogens.
Most professionals are allergic.
Effects-Urticaria
Prevention-non-latex gloves. Eg: vinyl or nitrile gloves.
90 Dealing safe with Mercury
Use of water sprays, high velocity evacuation and rubber dam
to reduce exposure