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Introduction To Corrosion Science and Engineering-Unit-1: CHE-545-172 DR Ime B.Obot
Introduction To Corrosion Science and Engineering-Unit-1: CHE-545-172 DR Ime B.Obot
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Corrosion Science and Engineering
Corrosion
Science Engineering
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I-DEFINITION OF CORROSION
Corrosion is the destructive attack of a metal by chemical or
electrochemical reaction with its environments.
In some cases chemical attack accompanies physical
deterioration as described by the following terms: corrosion-
erosion; corrosive wear or fretting corrosion.
Non-metals are not included in this definition of corrosion
The term corrosion is restricted to the chemical attack on
metals.
Rusting applies to the corrosion of iron or iron based alloys
with formation of corrosion products consisting largely of
hydrous ferric oxides
Nonferrous metals, therefore, corrode, but do not rust.
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II-Corrosion Science VS Corrosion Engineering
The principles of Chemistry must be understood in order to
understand corrosion reactions. This is because corrosion processes
are mostly electrochemical in nature.
The “Corrosion Scientist” studies corrosion mechanisms to improve:
The understanding of the causes of corrosion.
The ways to prevent or atleast minimize damage caused by
corrosion.
Develops better criteria for cathodic protection.
Outlines the molecular structure of corrosion inhibitors
The “Corrosion Engineer” applies scientific knowledge to control
corrosion:
Cathodic protection to protect buried pipelines.
Test and develop new and better paints.
Prescribes proper dosages of corrosion Inhibitors.
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Relationship between Corrosion Science and
Engineering 5
Why do we study Corrosion
Human life and safety
The cost of corrosion is enormous
Conservation of Materials
Corrosion is Inherently a difficult
phenomenon to understand, and its
study in itself is challenging and
Interesting pursuit
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III-THE ECONOMICS OF CORROSION
Annual Global Cost of Cost of Corrosion:
Corrosion= $2.5 Trillion; Direct Cost
amounts to 3-4% of Capital Cost
global GDP (2016) NACE
Report. Control Cost
Annual Cost of corrosion Design Cost
in Saudi Arabia = 80 Indirect Cost
Billion SAR (2011) Shutdown
Report. Loss of products
Annual cost of Corrosion Contamination of
in USA= $276 B (2001) Products
Report.
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IV-RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk, R, is defined as the
probability ,P, of an
occurrence multiplied by
consequences, C, of the
occurrence.
R=P×C
The Risk of a corrosion
related failure equals the
probability that such a
failure will occur
multiplied by the
consequences of that
failure
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V-Challenges for Todays Corrosion
Scientist and Engineers
The development of protective surface treatment and corrosion
Inhibitors which are environmentally friendly.
An improved conservation of materials through the development of
corrosion resistant surface alloys which confine alloying elements to the
surface rather than employing conventional bulk alloying.
The formulation of new generation of stainless steels containing
replacement of chromium and other critical metals
An improve understanding of passivity
Understanding the mechanism of the breakdown of passive oxide films
by chloride ions and subsequent pitting of the underlying metals
Prediction of lifetime of metals and components from short-term
experimental corrosion rate
Development of smart self healing coatings
Development of high Temperature corrosion Inhibitors
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Brief Review of Corrosion Basics
PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF DEGRADATION
Half Cell Reaction: This consist of oxidation and reduction half cell
reactions. Or anodic and cathodic half cell reaction.
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