1.

- Diseñar una escalera que se muestra en la figura considere f’c=175 kg/cm2 fy = 4200
kg/cm2, S/C = 400 kg/cm2, piso terminado 0.10 tn/m2 y contrapasos de 0.175m. Realizar el
esquema de armado.

Primer Tramo:

Cálculo de “t”: t = Ln/20 o Ln/25

Ln = Lo + # pasos x p = 1.50 + 3 x 0.25 = 2.25

P = 0.25 m cp = 0.175 m
2.25 0.11+0.09
20
= 0.11 𝑡= 2
2.25
25
= 0.09 𝑡 = 0.10 𝑚
𝑝 0.25
cos 𝜃 = =
√𝑝2 +𝑐𝑝2 √(0.25)2 +(0.175)2

cos 𝜃 = 0.819
𝑡 𝑐𝑝 10 17.5
𝐻𝑚 = cos 𝜃 + 2
= 0.819 + 2
= 20.96 𝑐𝑚 = 21 cm = 0.21 m

Cálculo del peso propio del descanso:

p.p. = 1.4 x 0.10 x 1.35 x 2.40 = 0.45

Acab. = 1.4 x 0.10 x 1.35 = 0.19

S/C = 1.7 x 0.40 x 1.35 = 0.92

𝑊𝑢1 = 1.56 𝑡𝑛/𝑚

 𝑥2
2.15𝑥 − 1.56 − 𝑀𝑥 = 0
2
𝑥2
𝑀𝑥 = 2.15𝑥 − 1.56
2
2.15 − 1.56𝑥 − 𝑉𝑥 = 0
𝑉𝑥 = 2.15 − 1.56𝑥

Cálculo de p.p. garganta de la escalera:

p.p. = 1.4 x 0.21 x 1.35 x 2.4 = 0.95

Acab. = 1.4 x 0.10 x 1.35 = 0.19

S/C = 1.7 x 0.40 x 1.35 = 0.92

𝑊𝑢2 = 2.06 𝑡𝑛/𝑚

∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

1.6252
1.56𝑥 + 2.06𝑥1𝑥(1.625 + 0.5) − 𝑅𝐵(2.625) = 0
2
𝑅𝐵 = 2.45𝑡𝑛

Mx =Mmáx cuando Vx = 0

0 = 2.15 – 1.56x x = 1.38m

1.382
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.15 (1.38) − 1.56𝑥
2
𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.48𝑡𝑛. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 = 0.9𝑀𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.9𝑥1.48
+𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 = 1.33 𝑡𝑛. 𝑚
+𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 1.33
−𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 = =
3 3
−𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 = 0.44 𝑡𝑛. 𝑚

Diseño de la escalera
+Mdiseño = 4.15 tn.m d = 15 – 3 = 12 cm

-Mdiseño = 1.38 tn.m asumimos a = 2 cm

T = 0.17 m t = 0.15 m

Refuerzo de Momento positivo

𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 =
2
∅𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − 2)

4.15𝑥105
𝐴𝑠 =
0.9 𝑥 4200 (12 − 1)

9.98𝑥4200
𝜆=
0.85 𝑥 175𝑥 150

As min = 0.0018b x d = 0.0018 x150x12 = 3.24 cm2 As = 9.98 cm2

1.50−0.10
Usar As = 8 Ø ½” (10.32 cm2) δ = 7
= 0.20 𝑚 2r : r recubrimiento = r = 0.05 m
4𝑠 10.32
Para f´c = 175 kg/cm2 𝜑 max = 0.0134 (0.75𝜑𝑏) 𝜑 = 𝑏𝑑 = 150𝑥12 = 0.006 < 𝜑𝑚𝑎𝑥

Momento de Refuerzo Negativo

+𝐴𝑠 9.98
-As = 3
= 3
= 3.33 𝑐𝑚2
1.50−0.10
Usar 5 Ø 3/8” (3.55 cm2) δ= 4
= 0.35𝑚

Refuerzo Transversal por temperatura:

ASt = 0.0018b .t = 0.0018 x 100 x x15 = 2.70 cm2

𝐴∅ 0.71
Ø 3/8” = = 0.26 … .0.25 Usar Ø 3/8” @ 0.25 m
𝐴𝑠𝑡 2.70

Resumen:

+As = 8 Ø ½ “ @ 0.20

-As = 5 Ø 3/8” @ 0.35

Ast = Ø 3/8” @ 0.25

Segundo Tramo:

Ln = 2 x 1.35 + 4 x 0.25 = 3.70 m

3.70
20
= 0.19 t = 0.17 m
3.70
25
= 0.15

cos 𝜃 = 0.819
17 17.5
𝐻𝑚 = + = 29.5𝑐𝑚. . . 0.295𝑚
0.819 2

Peso propio del descanso:

p.p. = 1.4 x 0.17 x 1.50 x 2.40 = 0.86

Acab = 1.4 x 0.10 x 1.50 = 0.21

S/C = 1.7 x 0.40 x 1.50 = 1.02

Wu1 = 2.09 tn/m

Peso propio de la garganta

p.p. = 1.40 x 0.295 x 1.50 x 2.4 = 1.49

Acab = 1.40 x 0.10 x 1.50 = 0.21

S/C = 1.70 x 0.40 x 1.50 = 1.02

Wu2= 2.72 tn/m

Por Simetria de cargas:

2.09𝑥1.475𝑥2+2.72𝑥1
RA = RB = 2

RA = RB = 4.44 tn

M max en X = 3.95/2 = 1.975

 1.475 2.72
𝑀𝑥 = 4.44𝑥 − 2.09𝑥1.475 (𝑥 − )− (𝑥 − 1.475)2
2 2
X = 1.975 Mx = Mmax = 4.61 tn.m

+Mdiseño = 0.9 Mumax = 0.9 x 4.61 = 4.15 tn.m

-Mdiseño = +Mdiseño/3 = 4.15/3 = 1.38 tn.m

Tercer Tramo

Ln = 1.50 +6 x 0.25 = 3.00m

3.00 0.15+0.12
20
= 0.15 𝑡= 2
= 0.135
3.00
25
= 0.12 t = 0.14 m

cos 𝜃 = 0.819
0.14 0.175
Hm = + = 0.26 𝑚
0.819 2

Peso propio del descanso:

p.p. = 1.4 x 0.14 x 1.35 x 2.40 = 0.64

Acab. = 1.4 x 0.10 x 1.35 = 0.21

S/C = 1.7 x 0.40 x 1.35 = 0.92

Wu1 = 1.77 tn/m

Peo propio de la garganta

p.p. = 1.4 x 0.26 x 1.35 x 2.40 = 1.18

Acab. = 1.4 x 0.10 x1.35 = 0.21

S/C = 1.7 x 0.40 x 1.35 = 1.02

Wu2 = 2.41 tn/m

 ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

1.6252
1.77𝑥 + 2.41𝑥1.625𝑥2.44 − 𝑅𝐵𝑥3.25 = 0
2
RB = 3.66 tn

RA+RB = 1.77 x 1.625 +2.41 x 1.625

𝑥2
3.13𝑥 − 1.77 2
− 𝑀𝑥 = 0

𝑥2
𝑀𝑥 = 3.13𝑥 − 1.77 2

3.13 − 1.77𝑥 − 𝑉𝑥 = 0
𝑉𝑥 = 3.13 − 1.77𝑥
Mmax Vx = 0 0 = 3.13 – 1.77x

X = 1.77
1.772
X = 1.77 Mumax = 3.13 x 1.77 – 1.77 x 2

Mumax = 2.77 tn.m

+Mdiseño = 0.9 Mumax = 0.9 x 2.77 = 2.50 tn

+𝑀𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒ñ𝑜 2.50
-Mdiseño = 3
= 3
= 0.83 𝑡𝑛. 𝑚