ious Athi eld 1. Doa primary survey to determine if severe bleeding is present. 2. Determine level of consciousness a. Alert-victim is awake and responds immediately and appropriately to verbal stimuli b. Lethargic-victim is drowsy and frequently falls asleep but is easily aroused and oriented to person, place, and time. 3. Obtain a history of the injury from the athlete a. What happened? b. Where does it hurt? (Take special notice of headache pain and/or pain in neck ‘or back) €. Do you have any numbness or tingling anywhere? 4d. Are you dizzy? ¢. Are you nauseous? £. Can you look at me and see me clearly? 8. Do you know who you are, where you are, and what you are doing here? ‘© Ifthe athlete is unable to speak coherently or lapses in and out of consciousness or describes symptoms that may be indicative of spinal cord, neck or back injury- call for EMS and stabilize the head/neck. While waiting for EMS, continue with appropriate steps in the secondary survey. 4. Observe and palpate any body areas described as painful by the athlete. Palpate Cervical spinous processes even if the athlete has no complaints of neck pain. ‘* If signs of fracture exist, stabilize the body part before moving the athlete. 5. Observe skin and pupils and look for fluids draining from the ears or nose. + 6. Perform a sensory exam on the athlete while the head is stabilized. -Stroke your fingers down the side of the athlete's face, down the outside of the + posterior arm, and up the anterior side of the arm if you suspect a problem in the cervical and/or upper thoracic spine. 4 7. Perform a motor exam for specific muscle groups while the head is stabilized. 4a. Have athlete slide lower jaw forward and backward b. Have athlete perform isometric contractions of the neck muscles (you apply pressures anteriorly, posteriorly and to each side of the head) + ¢. Have athlete shrug shoulders 4d. Have athlete abduct arms (no higher than 60 degrees) £ e. Have athlete adduct arms from 60 degrees to 0 degrees +f. Have athlete flex and extend elbows Ag. Have athlete flex and extend wrists th. Have athlete flex and extend fingers i. Have athlete form and hold a fist gripping your two fingers as you attempt to pull your fingers out. ® j, Have athlete plantarflex and dorsiflex ankles >k. Have athlete flex and extend toes 4c 8, Have athlete perform active neck ROM while in supine position if all above tests are