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x −1
c) 4 x+1 : x+1 4 x−1 = 3 48
2 x +3
36. a) a 3 x − 2 − 2 x + 4 a 3 x −5 = 0 b)
3 x+4
a x−3 = 7 x+8 a 5 x−6
37. a) 4 x+1 + 4 x = 320 b) 2 . 3 x+1 − 4 . 3 x−2 = 450
40. a) 7 x+2 + 2 . 7 x−1 = 345 b) 3 . 2 2 x−1 − 9 . 2 x + 5 . 2 x−2 + 400 = 0
c) 2 . 3 x−3 + 3 x−2 + 3 x−1 = 14 . 35
Opomba: Priporočam, da najprej rešiš naloge 16, 17, 22, 23 na strani 53 in 54.
Enačbe eksponentne
Pomni:
(3) a f ( x ) = b ⇔ log a f ( x ) = log b (osnovi sta različni in eksponenta sta različna, tedaj
enačbo logaritmiramo pri najbolj ugodni osnovi)
Rešitve:
34. a) 0,008 = x 5 b)
x −2
3 x = x−3 31+ x
1
Uporabim x 1+ x
8 zvezo:
= 5x n
3 x − 2 = 3 x −3
1000 m
an = a m x 1+ x
1
1 =
= 5x x−2 x−3
125 x( x − 3) = ( x − 2)(1 + x)
1
5 −3 = 5 x (enacim eksponent)
x 2 − 3x = x + x 2 − 2 − 2 x
− 3x = − x − 2
1
= −3 / .x (množim z x) − 2 x = −2
x
x =1
1 = −3 x
1
x=−
3
c) 53− x .3 25 x−1 = 0,2 č) 1000 . 10 x = x 100 2
3− x 2 ( x −1) 4
2
5 2
.5 3
= 103.10 x = 10 x
10 4
3− x 2− x
+ 1 10 x+3 = 10 x
5 2 3
=
5 4
3( 3− x )+ 2 ( 2 x − 2 ) x + 3 = / .x
x
5 6
= 5−1
x + 3x = 4
2
3(3 − x) + 2(2 x − 2)
= −1 / .6 x 2 + 3x − 4 = 0
6
9 − 3 x + 4 x − 4 = −6 ( x − 1)( x + 4) = 0
x + 5 = −6 x1 = 1 x2 = −4
x = −11
x −13 x x −1 3 x−4
2 x+ 2x − x −1 +
a =a 2 3
3 3
=3 2
x − 13 x x −1 3x − 4
2x + = / .6 2x − = x −1+ / .6
2 3 3 2
12 x + 3( x − 13) = 2 x 12 x − 2( x − 1) = 6 x − 6 + 3(3x − 4)
12 x + 3x − 39 = 2 x 12 x − 2 x + 2 = 6 x − 6 + 9 x − 12
15 x − 2 x = 39 10 x + 2 = 15 x − 18
13x = 39 − 5 x = −20
x=3 x=4
x −1
c) 4 x+1 : x+1 4 x−1 = 3 48
x +1 x −1 8
4 x −1
:4 x +1
=4 3 2 x 2 − 3x − 2 = 0
x +1 x −1
−
8 D = b 2 − 4ac = 9 + 16 = 25
4 x −1 x +1
=4 3
−b ± D 3±5
x +1 x −1 8 x1, 2 = =
− = / .3( x − 1( x + 1) 2a 4
x −1 x +1 3
1
3( x + 1) 2 − 3( x − 1) 2 = 8( x + 1)( x − 1) x1 = 2 , x2 = −
2
3( x 2 + 2 x + 1) − 3( x 2 − 2 x + 1) = 8( x 2 − 1)
3x 2 + 6 x + 3 − 3x 2 + 6 x − 3 = 8 x 2 − 8
12 x = 8 x 2 − 8
8 x 2 − 12 x − 8 = 0 / : 4
2 x +3
36. a) a 3 x − 2 − 2 x + 4 a 3 x −5 = 0 b)
3 x+4
a x −3 = 7 x +8 a 5 x − 6
3 x −2 3 x −5 x −3 5 x −6
a 2 x +3 − a 2 x + 4 = 0 a 3 x + 4 = a 7 x +8
3 x−2 3 x −5 x − 3 5x − 6
a 2 x +3 = a 2 x + 4 =
3x + 4 7 x + 8
3x − 2 3x − 5 ( x − 3)(7 x + 8) = (3x + 4)(5 x − 6)
=
2x + 3 2x + 4
7 x 2 + 8 x − 21x − 24 = 15 x 2 − 18 x + 20 x − 24
(3 x − 2)(2 x + 4) = (2 x + 3)(3 x − 5)
7 x 2 − 13x − 24 = 15 x 2 + 2 x − 24
6 x + 12 x − 4 x − 8 = 6 x − 10 x + 9 x − 15
2 2
8 x 2 + 15 x = 0
8 x − 8 = − x − 15
x(8 x + 15) = 0
9 x = −7
x1 = 0 8 x + 15 = 0
7
x=− 15
9 x2 = −
8
37. a) 4 x+1 + 4 x = 320
4 x (41 + 40 ) = 320 Tu si x in x + 1 zamislimo na številski osi
4 x (4 + 1) = 320
x x +1
4 x.5 = 320 / : 5
4 x = 64 in izpostavim skupno osnovo na najmanjši
eksponent (najbolj levo na osi). Tu je to x.
4 =4 x 3
x=3
3x−2. 50 = 450
3 x −2 = 9
3 x − 2 = 32
x−2=2
x=4
40. a) 7 x+2 + 2 . 7 x−1 = 345
7 x−1 (7 3 + 2 . 7 0 ) = 235 x
x −1
7 (343 + 2) = 345 x −1 x+2
x −1
7 =1
7 x−1 = 7 0
x −1 = 0
x =1