100 50

1.0 30
20
0.7 10
9
0.5 7
0.4 6
3
0.3 2.5
2.0
0.2 1.0
0.7
0 0.5
1.4 0.4
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.3
0.1 90 100 Bi–1 = k/hL
0 1 2 3 4 0.2
14 25
30 50 60 70 80
0.1 9 10 12 20 35 40
␪o To – T∞
␪i Ti – T∞

0.07 1.0 45
8
0.05 0.8 7 18
0.04 6
0.03 0.7
=

5 16
0.6
0.02 4
0.5
␪o* =

0.01 0.4 3
0.007 2.5
0.3
0.005 2.0
0.004 0.2
0.003 0.1 1.8
0.002 0 1.4
0.05 1.2 1.6
0.001
0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 304050 6070 80 90 110 130 150 300 400 500 600 700
Fo = (␣t/L2)

MORAN: Thermal Systems Engineering

Fig. H-7.1 W-695