江苏华能建设工程集团有限公司

2x10WM 凝汽式汽轮发电机组整套启动调试方案
Jiangsu huaneng construction engineering group
Co., LTD
2 x10WM condensing turbine generator
complete set startup and commissioning
solutions
 目 录 Content

1. 编写依据和调试目的 ………………………………………..1
2. 调试对象及范围 ……………………………………………1
3. 调试前应具备的条件及准备工作……………………………2
4. 空负荷、带负荷和满负荷三个阶段调试基本内容…………3
5. 机组首次启动前的保护试验和其它试验 …………………..3
6. 冲转、启、停和运行中主要监视参数………………………4
7. 事故处理………………………………………………………9
8. 安全、环境控制措施………………………………………..10.
9. 所采用的仪器、仪表的型号、规格………………………..11
10.调试期间重大反事故措施…………………………………..11
11.组织分工…………………………………………………… 13
12. 附表（温升、温差控制范围表、升速曲线、升负荷曲线、
保护试验卡、各辅机验评表、各测振记录卡、电动门校验记
录卡、设备试转记录卡）……………………………………….14
1 编写依据和调试目的
1.1 编写依据
编写依据主要有
《电力建设工程启动验收及试运行规程》2009 版
《电力建设施工及验收技术规范（汽轮机机组篇）》（DL5011-92）
《火电工程调整试运质量检验及评定标准》（1996 版）
《防止电力生产重大事故的二十五项重点要求》
《电力建设安全工作规程》
工程技术协议，设计资料和设备说明书等。
1. Basis of Compilation and commissioning purposes
1.1 Basis of Compilation
Mainly basis of Compilation
"Power construction engineering startup acceptance and test run procedures," 2009 edition
"Power construction and acceptance technical specifications (turbine unit articles)" (DL5011-92)
"Thermal power engineering adjustment test run quality test and evaluation standards" (1996
edition)
"Prevention of electricity production major accidents twenty five key requirements."
"Power construction safety regulations."
Engineering technical agreement, design materials and equipment instructions etc.
1.2 调试目的
汽轮机整套启动调试是电厂基本建设工程的最后一道工序，是保证汽轮机组高质量投
运的主要环节，是对整个工程建设最后阶段的动态综合检验，汽轮机整套启动调试是指设
备和系统在汽轮机分系统调试合格后，汽轮机启动开始至完成满负荷试运为止的启动调整
试验工作，通过整套启动调试及时发现问题，由于各种原因造成设备和系统中存在的缺陷，
逐步使主机、辅机设备、系统达到设计的额定工况和出力，使机组达到安全、经济、可靠
的满负荷连续正常运行。
1.2 Commissioning purposes
Steam turbine complete set startup commissioning is the final procedure of power plant basic
construction engineering, is the key link to ensure steam turbine unit high-quality putting into
operation, is the dynamic integrated test as final stage of the whole engineering construction, steam
turbine complete set startup commissioning means that after steam turbine sub-system
commissioning of equipment and system is qualified, startup adjustment test work from beginning
of steam turbine startup to completion of full load test run, through complete set startup
commissioning timely detect the problems, device and system defects exist due to various causes,
and gradually to make the host, auxiliary equipment and system to meet the design rated working
condition and output, to make the unit reach safe, economical and reliable full load continuous
normal operation.
2 调试对象及范围
2.1 汽轮发电机组、所有有关的系统和辅助设备
2.2 主要设备的相关技术规范
2.2.1 汽轮机的技术规范
2 Commissioning object and scope
2.1 turbine generator units, all related systems and auxiliary equipment
2.2 relevant technical specifications of major equipment
2.2.1 Steam turbine technical specifications
型 号：N12 -3.43- 9 型
额 定 功 率：1200 KW
经 济 功 率：1200 KW
额 定 转 速：3000 r/min。
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主汽门前蒸汽压力：3.43+0.20-0.29 MPa （绝对）
主汽门前蒸汽温度：435+10-15 ℃
Model: N12-3.43-9-type
Rated power: 1200 KW
Economic power: 1200 KW
Rated speed: 3000 r / min
Steam pressure in front of the main steam gate: 3.43 +0.20-0.29 MPa (absolute)
Steam temperature in front of the main steam gate: 435+10-15 ℃
额定进汽量：51 t/h
最大进气量：56 t/h
额定工况汽耗率：4.314 kg/kw.h
排汽压力：0.006 MPa （绝对）
转子旋转方向：从汽机头往发电机方向看为顺时针
汽机临界转速区域：~1527/1836 r/min
盘车转速：~9 r/min
制造厂：南京汽轮电机集团股份有限公司
Rated inlet capacity: 51 t / h
Maximum inlet capacity: 56 t / h
Rated operating conditions steam consumption rate: 4.314 kg / kw.h
Exhaust pressure: 0.006 MPa (absolute)
Rotor rotation direction: from the steam turbine direction to look at the generator it is clockwise
Turbine critical speed area: ~ 1527/1836 r / min
Disk drive speed: ~ 9 r / min
Factory: Nanjing Turbine & Electric Machinery Group Co., Ltd.
3 调试前应具备的条件及准备工作
3.1 机组启动现场地坪平整，通道畅通，无障碍物，无可燃物。
3.2 现场照明符合运行操作、巡视要求，尤其是楼梯、通道及设备主要监视仪表的场所，
照明要充足，事故照明系统完整可靠，处于备用状态。
3.3 通讯设施联系信号符合启动要求。
3 Conditions and preparation work to be satisfied prior to commissioning
3.1 Unit startup site floor is flat, unobstructed, without obstacles, without fuel.
3.2 Site lighting meets operation, inspection requirements, especially the stairs, channel and
equipment the main monitoring instrument place, lighting should be adequate, emergency lighting
system should be complete and reliable, in a standby state.
3.3 Communication facility contact signal meets startup requirements.
3.4 启动前应准备好机组所有与现场设备相符合的系统图，现场设备的命名、编号应清楚，
醒目，设备标示正确明显，如转动机械的方向、管道的流向、色环、操作机构的动作方向
及极限位置等。
3.5 准备好启动所需的用具，如扳手、听棒、电筒、记录笔、对讲机、测振仪、测温仪、
转速表、油壶、油盘、运行记录报表，足够碎布，设备缺陷记录卡等。
3.6 与启动有关的热力管道保温完善，油管下方的热力管道采取防火措施。
3.7 系统各辅助设备、管道已注水，放空气，转动机械加好符合要求的润滑油，油位正常。
3.8 下水道畅通。
3.4 Before the startup should be ready of all field device system diagram consistent with the
unit, field device naming, numbering should be clear, eye-catching, equipment shall be properly
marked, such as the direction of rotating machinery, pipe flow, color ring, action direction and limit
location of operating mechanism etc.
3.5 Ready the necessary equipment for the startup, such as wrenches, listening rods, torch,

第 2 页 共 16 页
recording pen, interphone, vibration meter, thermometer, tachometer, oiler, oil pan, run record
statements, enough rags, equipment defect record cards etc.
3.6 Startup related thermal pipe heat preservation is good, heat pipe to the bottom of the oil adopts
with fire prevention measures.
3.7 System each auxiliary equipment, pipe has been filled with water, put in the air, rotating
machinery added with required lubricating oil, oil level is normal.
3.8 Sewage is unimpeded.
3.9 与启动有关的手动、电动门等均试操正常，处于备用状态。
3.10 油系统已经冲洗及清理干净，油质经验收符合机组启动的要求。
3.11 与机组启动有关的管道等已经充压试验，辅助设备分部试转合格。
3.12 与启动有关的汽水管道如轴封等冲洗结束，系统恢复。
3.13 与启动无关的汽水系统应隔离，并挂牌。
3.9 Startup related manual, electric door test etc is operated normally, at standby state.
3.10 Oil system has been washed and cleaned up, oil quality after acceptance in line with the unit
startup requirement.
3.11 Unit startup related pipeline etc have already started filling the pressure test, auxiliary
equipment division preliminary operation is qualified.
3.12 Startup related steam water pipeline such as shaft seal etc has completed washing, the system
is recovered.
3.13 Startup irrelevant steam water system shall be isolated and hang tag.
3.14 热工信号、辅机联锁、停机保护装置校验合格。
3.15 参与机组启动的电厂、施工各方面人员均配齐，组织分工明确，人员名单以书面型式
张贴在现场，在非紧急情况下，运行操作指令应逐级下达，任何重大操作及系统运行方式
的变更，均要经过值长的发令，危急情况下的操作可由启动指挥小组直接指挥运行人员完
成，事后必须告知值长等领导。
3.14 Thermal signal, auxiliary interlock, shutdown protection device test is qualified.
3.15 Unit startup participating power plant and construction personnel is adequately equipped,
organizational division is clear, written personnel list is posted on the site, in non-emergency
situations, operation instructions should be issued level by level, any major operation and system
operation mode changes are made to go through order of the shift supervisor, emergency situation
operation could be launched by startup command team direct commanding of the operating
personnel to complete, and the shift supervisor etc leader must be informed.
3.16 消防设施要全（消防水、消防带、消防栓）灭火器等，安全人员和警卫消防人员，做
好油火事故的预防工作。
3.17 所有压力表一次门、二次门应开。
3.18 运行人员必须经过学习、培训考试合格上岗。
3.16 All fire-fighting facilities must be completed (fire fighting water, fire fighting zone, fire
hydrant) fire extinguisher etc, security personnel and guard firefighter, conduct good oil fire
accident prevention.
3.17 All pressure gauges primary gate, secondary gate shall be opened.
3.18 Operating personnel must go through learning, training, and exam qualification before
mounting guard.
4 本次汽轮机启动应按“空负荷调试、带负荷调试和满负荷调试”三个阶段进行。
4.1 空负荷调试基本内容：
按机组冷态启动曲线开机，即汽轮机冲转，升速至机组达额定转速，机组振动检测，
机组膨胀监视，调节保安系统有关参数调试和整定，辅机试验、静态试验、危急保安器充
油试验、定速后主汽门、调门严密性试验等。
4 This time steam turbine startup should in accordance with "empty load commissioning, with load
commissioning, and full load commissioning" three stages.
4.1 Empty load commissioning basic content:
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According to unit cold state startup curve to start, namely turbine impulse turning, increases the
speed to the unit rated speed, the unit vibration to detect, unit expansion to monitor, adjust
security system relevant parameter commissioning and setting, auxiliary test, static test, critical
security device oil-filled testing, fixed speed main steam valve, governing valve leak test etc.
4.2 带负荷调试基本内容
机组分阶段带至满负荷，应完成以下项目：
超速试验带 20%负荷运行 3-4 小时，解列做超速试验，动作转速：3270-3330r/min 之
间，
真空严密性试验＜400Pa/min（带额定负荷 80%以上）；
自动主汽门及调门活动试验，调节控制系统符合变动要求；
4.2 With load commissioning basic content
Unit with phases to full load, should be completed the following projects:
Over speed test with 20% load run for 3-4 hours, step out to conduct over speed test, motion
speed : between 3270-3330r / min
Vacuum leak test <400Pa/min (with more than 80% of rated load);
And automatic main steam gate and valve mobile test, regulate control system meets the change
requirements;
4.3 满负荷运行基本内容
汽轮机组满负荷试运的条件，发电机保持额定功率值，各辅助设备运行状态良好，汽
水品质合格，热控保护、自动装置，调节系统基本达到设计要求，主要仪表显示正确可靠，
满负荷运行时，机组必须连续运行。
4.3 Full-load operation basic content
Steam turbine unit full load test run condition, the generator remain rated power value, each
auxiliary equipment running is in good condition, steam water quality is good, thermal control
protection, automatic device, control system basically meet the design requirements, the main
instrument display is accurate and reliable, during full-load operation, the unit must run
continuously.
5 机组启动前的试验和保护试验
5.1 静态打闸试验（拍保险、主汽门、调门关闭）
5.2 热工保护试验
调节油压降至 1.7Mpa 时，高压油泵自投；
当润滑油压下降至＜0.08 Mpa（制造厂 0.055Mpa）报警；
当润滑油压下降至＜0.07 Mpa（制造厂 0.04Mpa）低压交流备用油泵自投；
当润滑油压下降至＜0.06 Mpa（制造厂 0.03Mpa）低压直流事故油泵自投；
当润滑油压下降至＜0.05 Mpa（制造厂 0.02Mpa）磁力断路油门动作停机；
5 Unit before startup test and protection test
5.1 Static hit brake test (take insurance, the main valve, the governing valve is off)
5.2 Thermal protection test
Adjust the oil pressure dropped to 1.7Mpa, the high-pressure pump input automatically;
When lubricating oil pressure dropped to <0.08 Mpa (manufacturer 0.055Mpa) alarm;
When lubricating oil pressure dropped to <0.07 Mpa (manufacturer 0.04Mpa) low-voltage AC
backup pump input automatically;
When lubricating oil pressure dropped to <0.06 Mpa (manufacturer 0.03Mpa) low-voltage DC
emergency oil pump input automatically;
When lubricating oil pressure dropped to <0.05 Mpa (manufacturer 0.02Mpa) magnetic circuit
throttle movement shutdown;
当润滑油压下降至＜0.015 停盘车。
轴向位移：1.0// -0.6mm 报警，+1.3// -0.7 mm 停机；
相对膨胀：转子与汽缸差胀为 +3//-2mm 报警，+3.5//-2.5mm 停机；
第 4 页 共 16 页
 轴承回油温度：65℃报警，70℃停机；
油箱油位： 450mm/150mm 报警，停机；（距顶板）
真空下降至-0.087Mpa 报警，-0.06Mpa 停机。
轴承振动：0.05mm 报警，0.07mm 停机；
轴振动：0.16mm 报警，0.25mm 停机；
超速：转速超过额定转速的 9-11%时动作停机；
电超速、机械（机、电和电、机联跳，保护试验，各电磁阀动作）应正常。
When lubricating oil pressure dropped to <0.015 stop the jigger.
Axial displacement: 1.0 / /-0.6mm alarm, +1.3 / / -0.7 mm shutdown;
Relative expansion: differential expansion of rotor and cylinder +3 / /-2mm alarm, +3.5 / /-2.5mm
shutdown;
Bearing return oil temperature: 65 ℃ Alarm, 70 ℃ shutdown;
Oil tank oil level: 450mm/150mm alarm, shutdown; (from the roof)
Vacuum down to-0.087Mpa alarm,-0.06Mpa shutdown.
Bearing Vibration: 0.05mm alarm, 0.07mm shutdown;
Axis vibration: 0.16mm alarm, 0.25mm shutdown;
Over speed: over speed of more than 9-11% of the rated speed action shutdown;
Electric over speed, mechanical (mechanical, electrical and electronic, machine-tripping, protection
test, the solenoid valve action) should be normal.
5.3 自动主汽门跳，调速汽门关闭试验。
5.4 热工联系信号正常，报警信号正确，热工保护试验正常，热工 DCS、505、ETS、TSI
等静态试验完毕，具备投用条件。
5.5 各油泵、循泵、给泵、凝泵、疏水泵等各辅机联锁试验正常。
5.6 505 操作灵活、调门开关方向正确。
5.7 盘车装置试转方向正确，无异声，电流正常。
5.3 Automatic main valve trip, governing valve shut-off test.
5.4 Thermal contact signal is normal, alarm signal is correct, the thermal protection test is normal,
thermal DCS, 505, ETS, TSI etc static test is completed, with the putting into service condition.
5.5 Each oil pump, cycle pump, feed pump, condensate pump, drain pump etc auxiliary interlock
test is normal.
5.6 505 operation is flexible, governing valve switch direction is correct.
5.7 Jigger device preliminary operation direction is correct, no abnormal sound, the current is
normal.
5.8 凝汽器汽侧压水查漏，应装临时支撑点（千斤顶或螺丝）开机前拿掉，漏点应消除。
5.9 凝器水侧、空冷、冷油器、滤水器等压水查漏并漏点消除。
5.10 启动抽气器试抽真空应在-40Kpa 以上。
5.11 低加、高水位报警及联动正常。
5.12 所有电动门、泵、电机试转正常。
5.8 For condenser steam side pressure water leakage, temporary support points should be installed
(lifting jack or screw) remove it before startup, leakage should be eliminated.
5.9 Condenser water side, air-cooled, oil cooler, water filters etc pressurized water leakage and
leak point shall be eliminated.
5.10 Startup of the air ejector vacuum eject attempt should be tested above -40Kpa.
5.11 LP heater, high water level alarm and linkage are normal.
5.12 All electric valves, pumps, motors test run are normal.
6 冲转、启、停和运行中主要监视参数
6.1 启动前工作
6.1.1 505 通电 2 小时以上功能检查应正常。
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6.1.2 工业水系统投用正常。
6.1.3 循环水系统投用正常。
冷凝器、滤水器、通水（空冷、冷油器根据情况）。
6 Impulse turning, startup, shutdown and main monitor parameters during operation
6.1 Work before the startup
6.1.1 505 power on for more than 2 hours function inspection should be normal.
6.1.2 Industrial water system put into use properly.
6.1.3 Circulating water system put into use properly.
Condenser, water filters, water (air-cooled, oil cooler according to the situation).
6.1.4 准备充足的除盐水、凝汽器补水。
6.1.5 有关疏水门开。
6.1.6 启动润滑油系统正常。
启动前，润滑油冷却水关闭；
试验油泵联锁正常后启动交流润滑油泵、排烟风机，直流润滑油泵投联锁备用。
6.1.4 To prepare adequate desalted water, condenser water.
6.1.5 Related drain valve is opened.
6.1.6 Startup lubrication oil system is normal.
Before the startup lubricating oil cooling water is off;
when test oil pumps interlock is normal start AC lubricating oil pump, exhaust fan, DC
lubricating oil pump interlock backup.
6.1.7 启动主机盘车正常。测量偏心值及盘车电流。
6.1.8 凝结水再循环系统投用正常。
凝结水泵一台运行，一台备用。
6.1.9 轴加、低加水侧投用。
6.1.10 辅助蒸汽系统投用正常。
6.1.11 启动给水泵进行再循环。
6.1.7 Start the turbine turning gear and it is normal. Measure the eccentricity value and the turning
gear current.
6.1.8 Condensate recycling system put into use properly.
One condensate pump is on operation, the other is a backup.
6.1.9 Axes heater, LP water side put into use.
6.1.10 Auxiliary steam system puts into use properly.
6.1.11 Startup feed water pump for recycling.
6.1.12 均压箱投用辅助汽源，除氧器加热，提高水温。
6.1.13 轴封系统暖管后投用轴封系统。（用新蒸汽或辅汽）
6.1.14 启动抽气器，机组拉真空至－43kPa 以上。
6.1.15 通知锅炉点火。
6.1.16 在 DCS 及就地确认疏水阀在开启位置，确认汽缸金属温度无明显上升。
6.1.17 启动高压交流油泵。
6.1.12 Average pressure box is casted auxiliary steam source, deaerator heating, increased water
temperature.
6.1.13 Shaft seal system after aquarium heater put into use the shaft system. (Use new steam or
auxiliary steam)
6.1.14 Startup the air ejector, the unit pull vacuum to above -43kPa.
6.1.15 Notify the boiler to ignition.
6.1.16 In DCS and local confirm that drain valve is at the open position, confirm cylinder metal
temperature has no significant rise.
6.1.17 Startup the high pressure AC oil pumps.

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6.2 冲转条件
6.2.1 主汽压力 1.5MPa(a)，主汽温度 300℃。
6.2.2 上下缸温差<50℃。
6.2.3 润滑油压在 80～120kPa，油温在 35℃以上。
油位计已标定，油箱油位应正常（油位 ～300mm）。
6.2.4 真空 43～56 kPa 以上
6.2.5 连续盘车 2 小时以上。
6.2.6 低压缸喷水调阀之前有水。
6.2.7 汽机保护投入。
6.2 Impulse turning condition
6.2.1 The main steam pressure 1.5MPa (a), the main steam temperature 300 ℃.
6.2.2 upper and lower cylinder temperature difference<50 ℃.
6.2.3 The lubricating oil pressure is among 80 ~ 120kPa, oil temperature is above 35 ℃.
The oil level gauge has been calibrated, oil tank oil level should be normal (oil level~ 300mm).
6.2.4 Vacuum is more than 43 ~ 56 kPa
6.2.5 Continuous turning gear for more than 2 hours.
6.2.6 LP cylinder spray adjust valve has no water before.
6.2.7 Steam turbine protection put into use.
6.3 冲转
6.3.1 具备上述条件后，汽机可以冲转。
6.3.2 检查 505 状态：
6.3.2.1 将操作方式置于“操作员自动”方式。
6.3.2.2 将阀位限止放在“100%”位。
6.3.3 机组复位，机组跳闸灯熄灭。
6.3.4 检查高压油动机应在全关位置。
6.3.5 检查和确认主汽门在全开位置。
6.3 Impulse turning
6.3.1 with the above conditions, the turbine can conduct impulse turning.
6.3.2 Check the 505 state:
6.3.2.1 Put the operating mode to "operator automatic" mode.
6.3.2.2 To put the valve on the "100%" position constantly.
6.3.3 The unit resets, the unit tripping light is off.
6.3.4 Check the high pressure oil motivator should be at fully closed position.
6.3.5 Check and confirm the main valve in the fully open position.
6.3.6 首次冲转
6.3.6.1 在目标及速率数值输入窗口中输入 500 r/min 为目标转速，速率 100 r/min2，分别按
“确认”键确认后，执行升速。
经过几秒钟后，调速汽门开启，汽机的转速将按所选速率上升。实际值区域显示的值
即为汽机实际转速。
升速中注意盘车装置应能脱扣。
6.3.6.2 一切正常，升速至 500r/min，进行下列工作
保持足够长的时间（20min），检查各种仪表指示。进行检查、监测，检查各相关监视
参数，确认正常后方可升速。
6.3.6 First time impulse turning
6.3.6.1 In target and speed rate numerical input window, input 500 r / min as target speed, speed
rate 100 r/min2, respectively press "confirm" key to confirm, implement increasing speed.
A few seconds later, the governing valve opens; turbine speed will increase according to the
selected rate. Actual value area display value is the actual turbine speed.
第 7 页 共 16 页
During increasing speed pay attention that turning gear should be able to trip.
6.3.6.2 Everything is normal, increases the speed of 500r/min, conduct the following work
Maintain long enough time (20min), check a variety of instrument instruction. Conduct inspection,
monitoring, inspect relevant monitoring parameters, confirm normal then increases the speed.
6.3.7 以 100r/min 升速至 1200 r/min 进行暖机 30min，暖机时间可以视情况适当延长。
检查各相关监视参数，确认正常后方可升速。
6.3.8 以 100r/ min2 升速率升速至 2500r/ min，在过机组临界转速 ~1494 r/ min 区域时自动以
400 r/ min 升速率通过。
后缸排汽温度超过 80℃，后缸喷水应打开。
6.3.7 Rise speed from 100r/min to 1200 r / min and heat the turbine for 30min, heat up time could
be extended according to the specific case.
Check all relevant monitoring parameters; confirm normal then increase the speed.
6.3.8 Use 100r / min2 speeding rate to rise to 2500r / min, when passing through unit critical speed
~ 1494 r / min area automatically as 400r / min rise rate to pass.
Hind cylinder exhaust temperature exceeds 80 ℃, hind cylinder spraying should be opened.
6.3.9 2500 r/ min 暖机 20 分钟，暖机结束，速率 100 r/ min，进行升速。
6.3.10 转速达到 3000r/min 为目标转速，对有关系统参数进行全面检查，确认一切正常。
6.3.11 升速过程中，根据油温调整各冷却水量。若振动超过 50μm（过临界不超过
150μm），则停止升速，停机处理。
6.3.12 升速期间，若出现异常情况需停止升速，进行分析处理，待异常消除后再升速。
6.3.9 2500 r / min heating the turbine for 20 minutes, after the heating, speed rate 100 r / min to
rise the speed.
6.3.10 Speed reaches 3000r/min as the target speed, conduct a comprehensive inspection to
relevant system parameters, and confirm that everything is normal.
6.3.11 During speed up process, according to the oil temperature to adjust the amount of cooling
water. If the vibration exceeds 50μm (passing critical is not more than 150μm), then stop the
acceleration and shutdown the machine.
6.3.12 During the speed up, if unusual circumstances happen stopping acceleration is required,
analysis and processing, and then increases the speed when the abnormal has been eliminate.
6.4 机组首次到 3000r/min 时，汽机应进行手动脱扣试验，就地手动或集控室操作超速遮断
机构遮断汽机。检查各汽门、抽汽逆止门应全关、转速应下降。
6.5 维持参数，重新复置机组，
6.6 机组稳定后，确认主油泵工作正常后，停用高压交流油泵，油泵进入备用状态。
6.7.1 维持机组 3000 r/min。
6.7.2 手动危急保安器。
6.7.3 危急保安器动作正常后正常。
6.4 Unit for the first time reaches 3000r/min; the turbine should be carried out manual trip test,
local manual or central control room operation over speed interdiction mechanism intercepts
turbine. Check the valve, extraction check valve should be fully closed, the speed should be
decreased.
6.5 Maintain the parameters, reset the unit,
6.6 When the unit is stable, confirm that the main oil pump is working normally, shutdown high
pressure AC pump, oil pump into standby state.
6.7.1 Maintain unit speed 3000 r / min.
6.7.2 Manually operate emergency protector.
6.7.3 Emergency protector action is normal then it is normal.
6.8 汽机 OPC 试验（103%）
6.8.1 维持参数，重新复置机组。将 505 手抄盘钥匙打到试验位置，设置升速目标 3000
r/min。
第 8 页 共 16 页
6.8.2 输入目标值 3100 r/min，速率 50 r/min2，进行升速。
6.8.3 当汽机升速至 3090 r/min，注意高压调门迅速关闭。
6.8.4 当 OPC 动作后，转速下降至 3000 r/min 时，调门应自动开启。
6.8.5 迅速终止 OPC 试验，转速保持在 3000 r/min。
6.8 Turbine OPC test (103%)
6.8.1 Maintain the parameters, reset the unit. Put 505 hand-written gear key to the testing position,
set the increasing speed target as 3000 r / min.
6.8.2 Input target value as 3100 r / min, speed rate 50 r/min2, and rise the speed.
6.8.3 When the turbine increases speed to 3090 r / min, note that high pressure governing value
shall be closed quickly.
6.8.4 When OPC operates and the speed drops to 3000 r / min, the governing valve should be open
automatically.
6.8.5 Rapidly terminate OPC test, the speed remains at 3000 r / min.
6.9 上述工作完成，确认机组运行正常后交电气作试验。
6.10 电气试验结束，联系值长准备并网。
6.11 并网、带负荷
6.11.1 根据电气要求：汽机从“操作员自动”方式切至“自动并网”。
6.11.2 选择“自动并网”方式，进行发电机自动并网。
6.11.3 并网后机组自动带上 5%额定负荷。否则改变目标负荷，使负荷逐步带到 5%额定负
荷。
6.9 When the work is completed, make sure the unit runs normally then conduct AC electrical test.
6.10 When electrical test is over, contact shift supervisor and ready to conduct synchronization.
6.11, Synchronization, with load
6.11.1 According to the electrical requirements: steam turbine from the “operator automatic "
means cut to "automatic on-grid."
6.11.2 Select "Automatic on-grid" approach for generator automatic on-grid.
6.11.3 After synchronization the unit automatically put on 5% of rated load. Otherwise, change the
target load, to make the load gradually to 5% of the rated load.
6.11.4 机组在 5%额定负荷下运行足够时间，检查机组运行情况，主汽温应尽量保持不变。
6.11.5 设置目标值 10%额定负荷，速率 0.25MW/min。
6.11.6 升负荷至 10%额定负荷，暖机 0.5 小时。
6.11.7 在暖机期间进行：
如低加未投用过，则低加进行冲洗，并进行低加试投。
检查高压疏水应关闭。
投用功率控制应正常，此时目标功率设定值应等于 10%额定负荷。
检查后缸喷水是否关闭。
6.11.4 The unit runs 5% of the rated load with sufficient time; check the unit operation, the main
steam temperature should be maintained.
6.11.5 Setting the target value 10% of rated load, speed rate 0.25MW/min.
6.11.6 Rise load to 10% of the rated load capacity, heat up the turbine for 0.5 hours.
6.11.7 During the heating up process:
If LP heater has not been put into use yet, then wash the LP heater and conduct LP heater test
operation.
Check the high pressure drain valve should be closed.
Putting into service power control should be normal, at this time the target power setting should be
equal to 10% of the rated load.
Check whether the hind cylinder spray is closed.
6.12 如进行超速试验，减负荷至 5%额定负荷后机组解列，机组维持 3000r/min（超速试验
也可以安排在电气试验结束后进行）。
第 9 页 共 16 页
6.12.1 超速试验前应确认机组振动、轴承温度正常，打闸后转速能迅速下降。
6.12.2 超速试验过程中，任一轴承振动突然增大 0.03mm 以上，应立即停机。
6.12.3 联系值长，进行超速试验。
6.12.4 开启高压交流油泵。
6.12.5 解除 OPC
6.12 If conduct over speed test, reduce load to 5% of rated load then unit splitting, the unit
maintain 3000r/min (over speed test can also be arranged after finishing of the electrical test).
6.12.1 Before over speed test shall confirm that unit vibration, bearing temperature is normal, after
hit brake the speed can be decreased rapidly.
6.12.2 During over speed test process, any bearing vibration sudden increase of 0.03mm or above;
shall immediately shut down the machine.
6.12.3 Contact the shift supervisor and conduct over speed test.
6.12.4 Turn on the high-pressure AC oil pump.
6.12.5 Release OPC
6.12.6 电超速、机械超速联合试验
设置升速目标转速 3240 r/min，速率 100 r/min2。转速稳定后，设置升速目标转速 3360
r/min，速率 50 r/min2，注意超速跳闸情况，记录动作转速。
恢复 3000 r/min。
检查判断哪套超速保护动作。
如电超速动作，电超速试验结束；若机械超速动作，重复一次上述操作。再进行另一
超速试验（方法见下）。
6.12.6 Electric over speeding, mechanical over speeding joint test
Set increases speed target speed is 3240 r / min, speed rate is 100r/min2. When speed realizes
stability, set the increase speed target speed as 3360 r / min, speed rate 50 r/min2, pay attention to
over speed trip, recording down the action speed.
Restore to 3000 r / min.
Check and determine which set of over speed protection action.
If electric over speed actions, then electric over speed test is over; if mechanical over speed
actions, repeat the above operation. Then conduct a further over speed test (method is
demonstrate below).
6.12.7 电超速试验
将电超速定值设置为机械超速值低 30 r/min，然后升速。
电超速动作以后，复置机组至 3000r/min。
6.12.7 Electrical over speed test
Set electric over speed set value as 30 r / min lower than that of mechanical over speed value, then
increase the speed.
After electric speed action, reset the unit to 3000r/min.
6.12.8 机械超速试验
解除电超速保护
设置升速目标转速 3240 r/min，速率 100 r/min2。转速稳定后，设置升速目标转速 3360
r/min，速率 50 r/min2。注意超速跳闸情况，记录动作转速。
复置机组至 3000r/min。
机械超速试验应做两次，两次转速动作差不超过 18 r/min。
如转速升至 3330 r/min，保护未动作，则应手动打闸脱扣。
如转速不在 3270—3330r/min 间按 300r/min/圈调整。
6.12.8 Mechanical over speed test
Remove electrical over speed protection
Set increase speed target speed is 3240 r / min, speed rate is 100 r/min2. When speed realizes

第 10 页 共 16 页
stability, set increase speed target speed is 3360 r / min, speed rate is 50r/min2. Note over speed
trip condition, recording the action speed.
Reset the unit to 3000r/min.
Mechanical over speed test should be done twice, two times speed action difference does not
exceed 18 r / min.
If the speed increases to 3330 r / min, the protection does not move, should manually hit brake
release.
If the speed is not among 3270-3330r/min, accord to 300r/min / circle to adjust it.
6.12.9 试验结束后，恢复试验前状态。
6.13 继续升负荷过程中的操作
首次带负荷，视锅炉燃烧情况，待压力、温度稳定后。分别在不同的工况下进行下列
操作
6.13.1 监视、调整轴封压力。
1.1.1 10%额定负荷，缸温低于定值检查关闭后缸喷水。
1.1.2 20%额定负荷以上，检查汽机疏水应全部关闭。
6.13.4 在 10%额定负荷暖机 20min。
6.13.5 在 20%额定负荷暖机 20min。
6.12.9 When the test is over, reset to before test state.
6.13 Proceed to the operation of increasing load process
For the first time with load, depending on the boiler combustion situation, until the pressure and
temperature is stable. At different operating conditions conduct the following
6.13.1 Monitor and adjust the shaft seal pressure.
6.13.2 For 10% of rated load, check the cylinder temperature is below the set value inspection
close the hind cylinder spray.
6.13.3 For more than 20% of rated load, check the turbine drainage should be all closed.
6.13.4 10% of the rated load heating up the turbine for 20min.
6.13.5 20% of the rated load heating up the turbine for 20min.
6.14 真空严密性试验
6.14.1 试验时间共 8 分钟。
6.14.2 负荷要求 80%额定负荷以上。
6.14.3 真空不低于 70kPa。
6.14 Vacuum tightness test
6.14.1 Test time total 8 minutes.
6.14.2 More than 80% of rated load is required.
6.14.3 Vacuum is not less than 70kPa.
6.14.4 关闭凝汽器真空隔离门或停抽气器后开始计时。
如真空每分钟下降超过 800Pa，应停止试验。
6.14.5 每隔 30s 记录一次。
6.14.6 取后 5min 的真空下降值的平均值作为试验结果，该值不大于 400Pa 说明真空严密性
符合要求。
6.14.7 主汽门、调门严密性试验
自动主汽门（调门）单独全关，而调门（自动主汽门）全开，在额定参数下，最大漏
汽量不影响转子降速至 1000 r/min 以下。
试验结束，用 10～15min 将转速升到 3000 r/min。
6.14.4 Close the condenser vacuum isolation valve or stop ejecting water pump then start counting
time.
If vacuum per minute declined by more than 800Pa, should stop testing.
6.14.5 Record once every 30s.

第 11 页 共 16 页
6.14.6 Take the last 5min average declined value of the vacuum as test result, the value is not
greater than 400Pa shows vacuum tightness meet the requirements.
6.14.7 The main valve, governing valve leak test
Automatic main valve (governing valve) fully closed alone, and the governing valve (automatic
main valve) fully open, under the nominal parameters, the maximum amount of steam leakage does
not affect the rotor deceleration to 1000 r / min or less.
End of the test, use 10 ~ 15min to increase the speed to 3000 r / min.
6.15 停机惰走试验
6.15.1 联系单元长，机组准备停机。
6.15.2 确认高压交流油泵投用正常。
6.15.3 按停机按钮，记录转子惰走时间。
6.15.4“0”转速时，投盘车。
6.15 Shutdown machine idling test
6.15.1 Contact the unit supervisor, unit is ready to be shutdown.
6.15.2 Confirm that high pressure AC oil pump put into use properly.
6.15.3 Press the stop button to record rotor idling time.
6.15.4 When "0" speed, input the turning gear.
6.16 转子停止后的工作
6.16.1 确认盘车投用正常，测量大轴偏心值。
6.16.2 除氧器的降温、给水泵的停用根据锅炉要求进行。
6.16.3 低压缸排汽温度低于 45℃，解除备用凝泵联锁，停用凝泵，关闭排汽缸喷水门。
6.16.4 根据情况停用循环水泵。
6.16.5 连续盘车到高压缸第一级金属温度小于 150℃方可停盘车和油泵。
6.16.6 转子静止后，电厂应派专人半小时记录一次汽缸各主要金属温度变化情况，并检查
盘车运行情况，发现异常现象应立即汇报。
6.16 Work after the rotor is stopped
6.16.1 Confirm that turning gear put into use normally, measure main shaft eccentricity valve.
6.16.2 Deaerator cooling, feed water pump out of service according to the boiler requirements.
6.16.3 Low-pressure cylinder exhaust temperature is below 45 ℃, lift backup condensate pump
interlock, stop the condensate pump, close the exhaust cylinder spray valve.
6.16.4 Depending on the situation to stop the circulating pump.
6.16.5 Continuous turning gear to the high-pressure cylinder first stage metal temperature is less
than 150 ℃ then stop the turning gear and oil pump.
6.16.6 After the rotor is at stationary state, the power plant should send specially-assigned person
to record changes of cylinder main metal temperature once every half an hour, and check the
turning gear operation, abnormal phenomenon should be reported immediately.
6.17 热态启动
调节级金属温度在 150℃以上，采用热态启动方式。
6.17.1 油系统应符合冲转要求；
6.17.2 热态启动前，连续盘车 2～4 小时；
6.17.3 转子弯曲不超过原始值 0.03mm；
6.17.4 热态启动参数根据调节级金属温度确定，主蒸汽温度应高于调节级金属温度 50℃以
上；
6.17 Hot state startup
Adjust the level of metal temperature above 150 ℃, use hot state startup mode.
6.17.1 Oil systems should meet the requirements of turning gear;
6.17.2 Before hot state startup, continuously operate the turning gear for 2 to 4 hours;
6.17.3 Rotor bending does not exceed the original value of 0.03mm;

第 12 页 共 16 页
6.17.4 Hot state startup parameters according to adjust stage metal temperature to determine, the
main steam temperature should be above 50 ℃higher than the adjust stage metal temperature;
6.17.5 前汽封供高温蒸汽 ；
6.17.6 带上和缸温对应的负荷后暖机 20min，再按冷态启动曲线带负荷至满负荷；
6.17.7 热态启动时，冲转升速至额定转速的时间不得少于 10min；
6.17.8 升速期间需要在某一点停留时，应避开共振区；
6.17.9 操作方法同冷态启动。
6.17.5 Former steam seal is for high-temperature steam;
6.17.6 With the cylinder temperature corresponding load, then heating up the turbine for 20min,
then according to the cold state startup curve with load to full load;
6.17.7 During hot state startup, the turning gear up speed to rated speed time does not less than
10min;
6.17.8 During increasing speed period, when required to stay at some point, should avoid the
resonance region;
6.17.9 Operating method is the same way as the cold state startup.
6.18 附录
6.18.1 冲转、运行限制
6.18.1.1 有下列情况之一，则禁止启动。
6.18.1.2 主汽门、调门或抽汽逆止门卡涩，不能关闭。
6.18.1.3 汽轮发电机组转动部分有明显磨擦声。
6.18 Appendix
6.18.1 Impulse turning, running restrictions
6.18.1.1 one of the following circumstances happens, the startup is prohibit.
6.18.1.2 The main valve, the governing valve or the extraction check valve is stuck, can not be
closed.
6.18.1.3 Turbine generator unit rotating part has obvious friction sound.
6.18.1.4 主要保护之一失灵（超速、轴向位移、真空、润滑油等）。
6.18.1.5 主要仪表失灵（进汽温度和压力、转速、缸温、真空等）。
6.18.1.6 主要辅机工作不正常。
6.18.1.7 控制盘报警试验不正常。
6.18.1.4 One of the main protections fails (over speed, axial displacement, vacuum, lubricating oil,
etc.).
6.18.1.5 The main instrument fails (inlet temperature and pressure, speed, cylinder temperature,
vacuum, etc.).
6.18.1.6 Major auxiliary is not working properly.
6.18.1.7 Control panel alarm test is not normal.
6.18.2 机组冲转时停留转速应避开共振区（ ~1494r/min 附近）。
6.18.3 主汽温度
6.18.3.1 过热度不得小于 50℃（制造厂 30～50℃）；
6.18.3.2 正常工况下 420～445℃（额定 435℃）；
6.18.3.3 异常工况下，不得超过 445℃（波动最大连续时间小于 15min，累计小于 80 小时/
年）。
6.18.2 When the unit impulse turning staying speed should away from the resonant region (~
1494r/min nearby).
6.18.3 the main steam temperature
6.18.3.1 Superheat degree not less than 50 ℃ (factory 30 ~ 50 ℃);
6.18.3.2 Normal working conditions 420 ~ 445 ℃ (rated 435 ℃);

第 13 页 共 16 页
6.18.3.3 Abnormal operating conditions, shall not exceed 445 ℃ (fluctuations maximum
continuous time is less than 15min, total less than 80 hours / year).
6.18.4 进汽压力
6.18.4.1 冷态冲转主蒸汽压力的选择 1.5～2.0 MPa；
6.18.4.2 正常工况下 3.14～3.63 MPa（额定 3.43）；
6.18.4.3 异常工况下，不得超过 3.63MPa（波动最大连续时间小于 15min，累计小于 20 小时
/年）。
6.18.4 inlet pressure
6.18.4.1 Cold state impulse turning main steam pressure select 1.5 ~ 2.0 MPa;
6.18.4.2 Normal conditions 3.14 ~ 3.63 MPa (rated 3.43);
6.18.4.3 Abnormal operating conditions, shall not exceed 3.63MPa (fluctuations maximum
continuous time is less than 15min, total less than 20 hours / year).
6.18.5 排汽背压 0.006MPa
6.18.5.1 冲转真空的选择 43～56 kPa；
6.18.6 低压缸排汽温度
6.18.6.1 空负荷工况下，小于 120℃，高于 80℃投后缸喷水；
6.18.6.2 带负荷工况下，小于 65℃。
6.18.5 Exhaust back pressure 0.006MPa
6.18.5.1 Impulse turning vacuum choose 43 ~ 56 kPa;
6.18.6 Low-pressure cylinder exhaust temperature
6.18.6.1 Under empty load conditions, less than 120 ℃, higher than 80 ℃ input hind cylinder
spray;
6.18.6.2 Under with load conditions, less than 65 ℃.
6.18.7 汽机保护参数 Turbine protection parameters
序号 参数名称 Item 单位 Unit 正常运行范围 报警 停机 Shutdown
No Normal operating Alarm
range
超 电 Electric r/min 3000 103% 110%
速 Over 机械 r/min 3000 / 109～111%
speed Mechanical
轴向位移 Axial mm <±1.0 ±1.0 ±1.5
displacement
差胀 Expansion difference mm ～1.5 -2/+3 -3/+4
润滑油油压 Lubricating kPa 80～120 55 20
oil pressure
回油温度 Back oil ℃ 65 70
temperature
凝汽器真空 Condenser KPa >-87 -87 -60
vacuum
瓦振 Vibration μm <30 60 70
6.20 运行中主要监视数据
蒸汽压力：3.43+0.20-0.29MPa
蒸汽温度：435+10-15 ℃
电网周波：49.5-50.5HZ
调节油压：2.0MPa
润滑油压：0.08-0.12MPa
第 14 页 共 16 页
主油泵进、出口油压：进 0.1，出 2.0MPa
6.20 In service main monitoring data
Vapor pressure: 3.43+0.20-0.29MPa
Steam temperature: 435+10-15 ℃
Grid frequency :49.5-50 .5 HZ
Adjust oil pressure: 2.0MPa
Lubricating oil pressure :0.08-0 .12 MPa
The main oil pump inlet and outlet pressure: inlet 0.1, outlet 2.0MPa
轴承进油温度：35-45℃
轴承回油温度：＜65℃
滤油器压差：0.04-0.08MPa
汽封压力调整器后压力：0.02-0.05MPa
汽封抽气器后压力：0.093-0.097MPa
Bearing oil inlet temperature :35-45 ℃
Bearing back oil temperature: <65 ℃
Oil filter pressure difference :0.04-0 .08 MPa
After the steam seal pressure regulator pressure :0.02-0 .05 MPa
After steam seal air ejector pressure :0.093-0 .097 MPa
后汽缸排汽温度：＜65℃(带负荷时)
＜120℃(不带负荷时)
轴向位移：＜0.5mm
相对膨胀：~1.5mm
轴承座振动：＜0.025mm
排汽压力：＜34KPa
发电机进风温度：20-40℃
发电机出风温度：＞20℃
Hind cylinder exhaust temperature: <65 ℃ (with load)
<120 ℃ (without load)
Axial displacement: <0.5mm
Relative expansion: ~ 1.5mm
Bearing block vibration: <0.025mm
Exhaust pressure: <34KPa
Turbine air inlet temperature :20-40 ℃
Generator air outlet temperature:> 20 ℃
7 事故处理
7.1 紧急停机
出现以下情况之一，应在汽机遮断后迅速破坏真空：
7.1.1 汽机突然发生剧烈振动或发出金属撞击声；
7.1.2 转速达到 3360r/min，而危急遮断器未动作；
7.1.3 发生严重水冲击，而又无法立即消除；
7.1.4 轴封汽封冒火；
7.1.5 轴承回油温度超过 70℃或轴承断油，轴承冒烟时；
7 Accident management
7.1 Emergency Shutdown
One of the following conditions happens, should immediately destroy vacuum after turbine is
tripped:
7.1.1 Steam turbine happens violent vibration or metal crash sound suddenly;

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7.1.2 When speed reaches 3360r/min, and the emergency trip device does not move;
7.1.3 Serious water hammer happens, but can not be eliminated immediately;
7.1.4 Shaft seal gland sealing is on fire;
7.1.5 Bearing back oil temperature exceeds 70 ℃ or bearing is off oil, the bearing is smoking;
7.1.6 油系统着火而又来不及扑灭时；
7.1.7 油箱油位突然下降到最低油位 450mm 以下；
7.1.8 润滑油压降到 20Kpa 以下；
7.1.9 主蒸汽管、中压抽汽管或其它管道破裂；
7.1.6 The oil system is on fire, but is too late to extinguish;
7.1.7 Oil tank level drops to below minimum oil level 450mm;
7.1.8 Lubricating oil pressure drop to below 20Kpa;
7.1.9 The main steam pipe, medium-pressure extraction pipe or other pipe is ruptured;
7.1.10 转子轴向位移超过±1.5mm。
7.1.11 发电机冒烟；
7.1.12 轴承座振动达 0.07mm。
7.2 紧急停机的操作步骤：
7.2.1 在控制室向电气和锅炉人员发出停机要求。
7.2.2 在汽机操作台手揿“停机”按钮，确认主汽门、电动主汽门、各调门和抽汽逆止门关闭，
发电机油开关跳闸，检查转速应下降。
7.1.10 Rotor axial displacement exceeds ± 1.5mm.
7.1.11 Generator smoke;
7.1.12 Bearing block vibration up to 0.07mm.
7.2 Emergency shutdown operating steps:
7.2.1 In the control room send out shutdown requirements to electrical and boiler staff.
7.2.2 Press "stop" button at the turbine operating platform, confirm the main valve, electric main
valve, each governing valve and extraction check valve is closed, the generator oil switch trips,
check the speed should be decreased.
7.2.3 启动低压交流油泵。
7.2.4 在 505 主画面切换阀位控制。
7.2.5 停运行抽气器，开启真空破坏阀（不破坏真空的停机不需执行。）
7.2.6 注意惰走时间，完成停机的其他操作。
7.2.7 如是主汽管故障，通知锅炉熄火，关闭出口主汽门。
7.2.3 Start low-pressure AC oil pump.
7.2.4 In 505 main screen switching valve position control.
7.2.5 Stop running the air ejector, open the vacuum damage valve (shutdown machine without
breaking vacuum does not need to perform.)
7.2.6 Pay attention to idling time, complete the shutdown of other operations.
7.2.7 If the main steam pipe fails, notify the boiler to fire off, turn off the main valve outlet.
7.3 出现以下情况之一，不破坏真空停机：
7.3.1 主蒸汽温度高于 445℃，或汽压高于 3.63MPa(a)时，而又不能立即降低时；
7.3.2 正常运行时，后汽缸排汽压力高达 40Kpa（a）而又不能恢复时；
7.3.3 调节汽阀全关，发电机变发电动机运行方式，倒拖汽轮机运转了 15min；
7.3.4 后汽缸已向空排汽。
7.3 One of the following circumstances happens, does not damage vacuum and shut down:
7.3.1 When the main steam temperature is higher than 445 ℃, or steam pressure is higher than
3.63MPa (a), and can not be immediately decreased;
7.3.2 During normal operation, hind cylinder exhaust pressure is up to 40Kpa (a) and can not be
restored;
第 16 页 共 16 页
7.3.3 Adjust steam valve is fully closed, the generator change to motor operation mode, dragged
down turbine to operate for 15min;
7.3.4 Hind cylinder has exhausted steam in the air.
8.安全、环境控制措施
8.1 本项目不会造成不良环境因素。
8.2 本项目可能出现的危险源识别如下：
生产工作场所未配备安全帽或未正确佩戴安全帽；
调试生产场所沟、孔、洞在基建期间多处不全，楼梯、照明不完好。
生产场所未按照规定着装；
高温介质。
8 Safety, environmental control measures
8.1 this project will not cause harmful environmental factors.
8.2 The project identify hazards that may occur as follows:
Workplace is not equipped with helmet or to wear it wrong;
Ditch, hole, cavity of the commissioning work site is incomplete during construction period, and
stairs, lighting is not good.
Work sites are not in accordance with the provisions of attire;
High-temperature medium.
8.3 对可能出现的危险源采取的控制措施:
生产工作场所配备足够的安全帽，要求所有调试人员正确佩戴安全帽；
进入生产现场时，注意警戒标志，对明显危及人身安全的工作场所，禁止进入，照明不良
的场所不得进入和工作。
生产场所按照规定着装；
为防止高温介质，参加操作的人员必须穿好防护服戴手套。
8.3 Control measures to the possible hazards that might occur:
The work site is equipped with adequate safety helmet, required all commissioning staff to wear
the helmets right;
When entering the manufacturing site, pay attention to warning signs, to the workplace which has
obvious threat to personal safety, prohibited from entering, poorly lighting site is not allowed to
enter and work.
Work sites in accordance with the provisions of attire;
To prevent high-temperature medium, the participating operator must put on protective clothing
and wear gloves.
8.4 启动前检查系统无开口处。
8.5 现场照明充足，操作检查通道畅通，现场通讯联络设备齐全。
8.6 试运转区域禁止危及试运转的施工工作，如必须进行施工工作要严格执行工作票制度。
8.7 对调试以外的设备进行有效隔离。
8.8 试运转设备及系统周围的安全设施已按设计要求安装完毕。
8.4 Before the startup check the system has no openings.
8.5 Adequate site lighting, operation inspection channel is clear, on-site communications
equipments are complete.
8.6 Test run region is against construction that might endanger the test run, if the construction
work must be carried out then the work must be strictly enforced the working ticket system.
8.7 Conduct effective isolation to the equipment which is not related to the commissioning.
8.8 Safety facilities around the test run equipment and system have been installed according to
design requirements.
9.所采用的仪器、仪表的型号、规格
9.1 红外线测温仪： PT-2L
9.2 振动测量仪： VM-63
第 17 页 共 16 页
9 The adopted instruments, instrument type, size
9.1 Infrared Thermometer: PT-2L
9.2 Vibration Meter: VM-63
10 调试期间重大反事故措施
10.1 防人伤害事故措施
10.1.1 要贯彻电力生产“安全第一”的方针，用《安全规程》来指导调试的全过程。
10.1.2 所有楼梯、平台、通道、栏杆都应完整，铁板铺设牢固，孔、洞或沟道应有坚固的
盖板。
10.1.3 进入生产现场必须戴安全帽。
10.1.4 工作人员应穿工作服，接触高温操作应戴手套。
10.1.5 应尽可能避免靠近和长时间的停留在可能受到烫伤的地方。
10 During commissioning major anti-accident measures
10.1 Prevent people from injuries and accidents measures
10.1.1 To implement the power production of "safety first" approach, with "safety regulations" to
guide the whole process of commissioning.
10.1.2 All stairs, platforms, channels, railings should be complete, the iron plate laying is solid,
hole, and cavity or channel should have a solid cover plate.
10.1.3 Access to the production site must wear a helmet.
10.1.4 Staff should wear overalls; exposure to high temperature operation should wear gloves.
10.1.5 Should as much as possible avoiding nearing and prolonged stay in the place may get burn.
10.2 防设备损坏事故
10.2.1 认真执行两票三制，加强巡检，记录详细，及时分析。
10.2.2 在非紧急情况下，运行操作指令应逐级下达。任何重大操作及系统运行方式的变更
均由经过值长发令，危急情况下的操作可由调试人员直接指挥运行人员完成，事故告知值
长。
10.2.3 操作人员应做好预想，防误操作。
10.2.4 进行危险点分析找出危险点，控制事故的发生。
10.2.5 发现异常应及时处理汇报，确保设备安全。
10.2 Prevent equipment from damage accidents
10.2.1 Earnestly implement the “two tickets three systems”, strengthening inspection, record in
detail, and analysis timely.
10.2.2 In the non-emergency situations, operation instructions should be issued step-down. Any
major operation and system operation mode changes are issued by the shift supervisor, under
critical conditions, operation could be ran by operation personnel under direct command of
commissioning personnel, the accident shall be reported to the shift supervisor.
10.2.3 Operators should be prepared with envision preventing misuse.
10.2.4 Conduct danger point analysis to identify danger points, control happening of the accident.
10.2.5 Abnormal should be reported in time, to ensure safety of equipment.
10.3 防振动措施
10.3.1 安装间隙要符合要求，如有变更就要有说明。
10.3.2 各轴承油压 0.08-0.12Mpa，冷油器出口温度 35-45℃，各轴承节流孔板应符合，临时
滤网应拆除，油系统清理干净，油质符合要求。回油管内回油应正常。
10.3.3 要控制好温升，汽缸膨胀均匀。
10.3.4 蒸汽参数、真空、轴向位移变化在范围内。
10.3.5 当机组振动超过 0.03mm 应设法消除，当出现突振增加 0.05nmm，缓慢升高至
0.1mm，临界转速 0.15mm 应紧急停机。
10.3 Anti-vibration measures
10.3.1 Installing gap must meet the requirements, if have any change should have instructions.

第 18 页 共 16 页
10.3.2 The bearing oil pressure is 0.08-0.12Mpa, oil cooler outlet temperature is 35-45 ℃, each
bearing throttle orifice should be consistent, temporary filter should be removed, clean the oil
system, oil quality meets the requirements. Oil return of back oil pipe should be normal.
10.3.3 To control the temperature rise, cylinder expanding uniformly.
10.3.4 Steam parameters, vacuum, the axial displacement change is within the range.
10.3.5 When the unit vibrates more than 0.03mm should seek to eliminate it, when there is sudden
vibration increase 0.05nmm, slowly increased to 0.1mm, when reaches critical speed 0.15mm
should have an emergency stop.
10.4 防止断油烧瓦的措施
10.4.1 经常活动主油箱油位计，检查指示是否正确。
10.4.2 油泵应投入联锁。
10.4.3 油压、油温轴承回油量应正常。
10.4.4 油系统保护投入正常。
10.4.5 运行中经常检查滤油器情况，发现异常及时分析，汇报处理。
10.4 Measures to prevent oil off pad burnt
10.4.1 regularly move the main tank oil level gauge, check whether instructions are correct.
10.4.2 The pump should be put into interlocking.
10.4.3 Oil pressure, oil temperature bearing back oil amount should be normal.
10.4.4 Oil system protection input is normal.
10.4.5 during operation regularly checks the oil filter and abnormal is found shall timely analysis
and report it.
10.5 防止超速
10.5.1 在额定蒸汽参数下，调节系统应能维持汽轮机在额定转速下运行，甩负荷后能将机
组转速控制在危急保安器动作转速以下。
10.5.2 各种超速保护均应正常投入运行，超速保护不能可靠动作时，禁止机组启动和运行。
10.5.3 机组重要运行监视表计，尤其是转速表，显示不正确或失效，严禁机组启动。运行
中的机组在无任何有效监视手段的情况下，必须停止运行。
10.5 To prevent over speed
10.5.1 In the rated steam parameters, steam turbine control system should be able to maintain
operation at rated speed, after the load rejection the unit speed can be controlled above the critical
protector action speed.
10.5.2 Each type of over speed protection should be put into normal operation, when over speed
protection action can not be reliable, the unit startup and running is prohibit.
10.5.3 Unit important operation monitoring meter, especially tachometer, when display is incorrect
or invalid, unit startup is prohibit. When the operating unit is in the absence of any effective
monitoring means circumstance, must be stopped.
10.5.4 透平油油质应合格。在油质及清洁度不合格的情况下，严禁机组启动。
10.5.5 汽轮机调节系统的静止试验或仿真试验合格，确认调节系统工作正常。在调节部套
存在有卡涩、调节系统工作不正常的情况下，严禁启动。
10.5.6 正常停机时，在打闸后，应先检查有功功率表是否到零，千瓦时表停转或逆转以后，
再将发电机与系统解列，或采用逆功率保护动作解列。严禁带负荷解列。
10.5.7 在任何情况下绝不可强行挂闸。
10.5.4 Turbine oil should be qualified. If oil quality and cleanliness is unqualified, startup of the
unit is not allowed.
10.5.5 Static test or simulation test of turbine control system is qualified; confirm that control
system is working properly. When the regulation set exists of jam, regulating system not working
condition, startup is prohibited.
10.5.6 Under normal shutdown circumstance, after the hit brake, should firstly check whether the
active power meter is back to zero, after kilowatt-hour meter is stopped or reversed, splitting the

第 19 页 共 16 页
generator and the system, or use reverse power protection action to split. With load splitting is
prohibit.
10.5.7 In any case must not be forced to latch.
10.5.8 机械液压型调节系统的汽轮机应有两套就地转速表，有各自独立的变送器（传感
器），并分别装设在沿转子轴向不同的位置上。
10.5.10 对新投产的机组必须进行甩负荷试验。
10.5.11 坚持按规程要求进行危急保安器试验、汽门严密性试验、门杆活动试验、汽门关闭
时间测试、抽汽逆止门关闭时间测试。
10.5.12 危急保安器动作转速一般为额定转速的 110±1%。
10.5.8 Mechanical hydraulic type regulating system turbine should be equipped with two sets of on
site tachometer, a separate transmitter (sensor), and were installed at different locations along the
rotor axis.
10.5.10 For new input unit, load rejection test must be carried out.
10.5.11 Adhere to in accordance with procedure requirement to conduct the critical protector test,
valve leak test, valve rod flexible test, valve closing time test, extraction check valve closing time
test.
10.5.12 Critical protector action speed is generally 110 ± 1%of rated speed.
10.5.13 进行危急保安器试验时，在满足试验条件下，主蒸汽和再热蒸汽压力尽量取低值。
10.5.14 数字式电液控制系统（505）应设有完善的机组启动逻辑和严格的限制启动条件；
对机械液压调节系统的机组，也应有明确的限制条件。
10.5.13 When conducting critical protector test, under meeting test condition circumstance, the
main steam and reheat steam pressure shall try to get the low value.
10.5.14 Digital electro-hydraulic control system (505) should be equipped with complete unit
startup logic and strict limiting startup conditions; for mechanical hydraulic regulating system units,
should also have clear restrictions.

10.5.15 汽机专业人员，必须熟知 505 的控制逻辑、功能及运行操作，参与 505 系统改造方

案的确认及功能涉及，以确保系统实用、安全、可靠。
10.5.16 主油泵轴与汽轮机主轴两轴中心标高、左右偏差，应严格按制造厂规定的要求安装。
10.5.17 严格执行运行、检修操作规程，严防电液伺服阀（包括各类型电液转换器等部套）
卡涩、汽门漏汽和保护拒动。
10.5.15 Turbine professionals must be familiar with the 505 control logic, function and operation,
participate in 505system rehabilitation programs recognition and function involvement, to ensure
that the system is practical, safe and reliable.
10.5.16 Main oil pump shaft and turbine main shaft two shaft center elevation, left and right
deviation, should strictly in accordance with manufacturer installation requirements.
10.5.17 Shall strictly enforce the operation, maintenance procedures to prevent electro-hydraulic
servo valve (including various types of electro-hydraulic converter etc sets) jam, valve steam
leakage and protection tripping.
10.6 防止汽轮机大轴弯曲
10.6.1 汽轮机启动前必须符合以下条件，否则禁止启动。
大轴晃动、串轴、胀差、低油压和振动保护等表计显示正确，并正常投入。
大轴晃动值不应超过制造厂的规定值，或原始值的±0.02mm。
汽缸上下壁温差不超过 50℃。
主蒸汽温度必须高于汽缸最高金属温度 50℃，但不超过额定蒸汽温度。蒸汽过热度不
低于 50℃。
10.6 Prevent turbine main shaft bending
10.6.1 Turbine must be met with the following conditions before starting, otherwise the startup is
prohibited.

第 20 页 共 16 页
Main shaft shaking, tandem axle, expansion difference, low oil pressure and vibration protection
etc meter display is correct and input is normal.
Main shaft shaking value should not exceed the manufacturer's specified value, or ± 0.02mm of the
original value.
Cylinder up and down wall temperature does not exceed 50 ℃.
Main steam temperature must be higher than the cylinder maximum metal temperature 50 ℃, but
not exceeding the rated steam temperature. Steam superheat is not lower than 50 ℃.
10.6.2 机组起停过程操作措施
机组启动前连续盘车时间应执行制造厂的有关规定，至少不得少于 2～4h，热态启动
不少于 4h。若盘车中断应重新计时。
机组启动过程中因振动异常停机必须回到盘车状态，应全面检查、认真分析、查明原
因。当机组已符合启动条件时，连续盘车不少于 4h 才能再次启动，严禁盲目启动。
10.6.2 Unit startup-shutdown process operation measures
Unit before startup continuous turning gear must be implemented manufacturer relevant
provisions, at least not less than 2 ~ 4h, hot state startup is no less than 4h. If turning gear
interrupts shall count again.
During unit startup process vibration abnormal caused shutdown must return to turning gear state,
should conduct comprehensive examination, careful analysis and identify the cause. When the unit
meets the startup condition, continuous turning gear is not less than 4h then startup again is
allowed, random startup is prohibit.

停机后立即投入盘车。当盘车电流较正常值大、摆动或有异音时，应查明原因及时处
理。当汽封摩擦严重时，将转子高点置于最高位置，关闭汽缸疏水，保持上下缸温差，监
视转子弯曲度，当确认转子弯曲度正常后，再手动盘车 1800。当盘车盘不动时，严禁用吊
车强行盘车。
停机后因盘车故障暂时停止盘车时，应采用手动盘车 1800，待盘车正常后及时投入连
续盘车。
机组热态启动前应检查停机记录，并与正常停机曲线进行比较，若有异常应认真分析，
查明原因，采取措施及时处理。
After the shutdown shall immediately put into turning gear. When the turning gear current is bigger
than the normal value, swing or have an abnormal sound, the causes should be identified and
eliminated in time. When gland sealing friction is severe, put high point of the rotor placed in the
highest position, close the cylinder drainage, maintain the upper and lower cylinder temperature
difference, monitor the rotor bending angle, when confirmed that bending of the rotor is normal,
then manually conduct the turning gear of 1800. When the turning gear does not move, using the
crane to move the turning gear by force is strictly prohibited.
After shutdown due to turning gear failure to suspend the turning gear for temporary, should
manually conduct the turning gear of 1800, after turning gear is normal timely input continuous
turning gear.
Before hot state startup shall check stop records and compare with the normal shutdown curve, if
an abnormal is detected should be carefully analyzed to identify the causes and take measures in
time.
机组热态启动投轴封供汽时，应确认盘车装置运行正常，先向轴封供汽，后抽真空。
停机后，凝汽器真空到零，方可停止轴封供汽。应根据缸温选择供汽汽源，以使供汽温度
与金属温度相匹配。
疏水系统投入时，严格控制疏水系统各容器水位，注意保持凝汽器水位低于疏水联箱
标高。供汽管道应充分暖管、疏水，严防水或冷汽进入汽轮机。
停机后应认真监视凝汽器、低压加热器水位和除氧器水位，防止汽轮机进水。
在锅炉熄火或机组甩负荷时，应及时切断减温水。
When unit hot state startup inputting shaft seal and supplying steam, shall confirm that turning gear
device is operating normally, firstly supply steam for the shaft seal, then withdraw the vacuum.
第 21 页 共 16 页
After the shutdown, condenser vacuum is down to zero, then stop supplying steam to the shaft
seal. One shall base on cylinder temperature to choose supplying steam source, and make
supplying steam temperature match with the metal temperature.
When inputting the drainage system, strictly control drainage system water level of each container,
pay attention to keep the condenser water level below the elevation of the drainage united box.
Steam pipe should be fully heating of pipes, drainage, prevent water or cold steam into the turbine.

After the shutdown the condenser shall be carefully monitored, high pressure heater water level
and deaerator water level, to prevent inlet of the turbine.
When the boiler is flameout or unit load rejection, should promptly cut off desuperheatering water
汽轮机在热态状态下，蒸汽系统截止门不严密，则锅炉不得进行打水压试验。
10.6.3 发生下列情况之一，应立即打闸停机。
机组启动过程中，在中速暖机之前，轴承振动超过 0.03mm。
机组启动过程中，通过临界转速时，轴承振动超过 0.10mm 或相对轴振动值超过
0.26mm，应立即打闸停机，严禁强行通过临界转速或降速暖机。
When turbine is in hot state condition, if the steam system intercept valve is not tight, the boiler
shall not be conducted with water pressure test.
10.6.3 If one of the following occurs, shall immediately hit brake and shutdown.
During unit startup process, before medium-speed heating up, the bearing vibration exceeds
0.03mm.
During unit startup process, when passing the critical speed, bearing vibration exceeds 0.10mm or
relative shaft vibration exceeds 0.26mm, should immediately hit brake and shutdown, passing the
critical speed by force or slow down heating up is strictly prohibited.
机组运行中要求轴承振动不超过 0.03mm 或相对轴承振动不超过 0.08mm，超过时应设
法消除，当相对轴振动大于 0.26mm 应极力打闸停机；当轴承振动变化±0.015mm 或相对轴
振动变化±0.05mm，应查明原因设法消除，当轴承振动突然增加 0.05mm，应立即打闸停机。
汽缸上下壁温差超过 50℃。
10.6.4 应采用良好的保温材料（不宜使用石棉制品）和施工工艺，保证机组正常停机后的
汽缸上下壁温差不超过 35℃，最大不超过 50℃。
During unit operation bearing vibration does not exceed 0.03mm or relative bearing vibration does
not exceed 0.08mm is required, when exceeding happens should try to eliminate, when the relative
shaft vibration is greater than 0.26mm should try to hit brake and shutdown; when bearing
vibration changes ± 0.015mm or relative shaft vibration changes ± 0.05mm, should identify the
reasons and try to eliminate, when bearing vibration suddenly increase 0.05mm, should
immediately hit brake and shutdown.
Cylinder up and down wall temperature exceeds 50 ℃.
10.6.4 Good insulation material(not the use of asbestos products) and construction process shall be
adopted, to ensure after normal shutdown of the unit the cylinder up and down wall temperature
does not exceed 35 ℃, the maximum does not exceed 50 ℃.
10.6.5 疏水系统应保证疏水畅通。疏水联箱的标高应高于凝汽器热水井最高点标高。高、
低压疏水联箱应分开，疏水管应按压力顺序接入联箱，并向低压侧倾斜 450。疏水联箱或
扩容器应保证在各疏水门全开的情况下，其内部压力仍低于各疏水管内的最低压力。防腐
蚀汽管直径应不小于 Ф76mm。
10.6.6 减温水管路阀门应能关闭严密，自动装置可靠，并应设有截止门。
10.6.7 门杆漏汽至除氧器管路，应设置逆止门和截止门。
10.6.5 Drainage system should ensure smooth drainage. The elevation of the drainage united box
shall be higher than the highest point of elevation of the condenser hot well. High and low press
drainage united boxes should be separated; drainage pipe should in accordance with the pressure
order to access to united box, and tilt to the low pressure side for 450. Drainage united box or
expansion device shall ensure that when each drainage valve is fully open, the internal pressure is

第 22 页 共 16 页
still lower than the lowest pressure within the drainage pipe. Anti-corrosion steam pipe diameter
should not be less than Ф76mm.
10.6.6 Desuperheatering water pipe valve should be closed tightly, automatic device is reliable, and
there should be equipped with intercept valve.
10.6.7 Gate lever leaks steam to the deaerator pipe line, and there should be equipped with check
valve and intercept valve.
10.6.8 低压加热器应装设紧急疏水阀，可远方操作和根据疏水疏水自动开启。
10.6.9 高、低压轴封应分别供汽。特别注意高压轴封段供汽管路应有良好的疏水措施。
10.6.10 机组检测仪表必须完好、准确，并定期进行校验。尤其是大轴弯曲表、振动表和汽
缸金属温度表。应按热工监督条例进行统计考核。
10.6.8 Emergency drainage valve should be installed in high-pressure heater, remote operation and
can automatically open according to the drainage condition.
10.6.9 High and low pressure shaft seal should be split to supply steam. Special attention to the
high pressure shaft seal segment steam supplying pipeline should have good drainage measures.
10.6.10 Unit instrumentation must be intact, accurate and conduct regular calibration. Especially
the large elbow instruction, vibration instruction and cylinder metal thermometer. According to
thermal supervision regulation to conduct statistical assessment.
10.6.11 凝汽器应有高水位报警并在停机后仍能正常投入。除氧器应有水位报警和高水位自
动放水装置。
10.6.12 严格执行运行、检修操作规程，严防汽轮机进水、进冷汽。
10.7 防油系统着火措施
10.7.1 如有漏油应及时消除，油漏到保温层上应将保温更换，尤其机头下有热管道，必须
在这些热体上保温层外再包上铁皮。
10.7.2 消防设备：如灭火器、水龙带、消防栓、砂箱等消防工具。
10.7.3 应派安全员一现场进行检查，有问题应及时整改。
10.6.11 Condenser should equip with high level alarm and normal input even after shutdown.
Deaerator should equip with level alarm and high-level should automatic water drainage device.
10.6.12 strictly enforce operation, maintenance procedures, prevent turbine from getting into water
and cold steam.
10.7 Oil system anti-fire measures
10.7.1 If there is any oil spill shall be promptly removed, oil leakage into the insulation layer, the
thermal insulation should be replaced, especially there is heat pipe under the top of the turbine,
must wrap in iron sheet on these heating element and outside the insulation layer.
10.7.2 Fire-fighting equipment: such as fire extinguisher, tap, hydrant, sand boxes and other fire
tools.
10.7.3 Security staff should be sent to the site to check; if it is a question should be timely conduct
rectification.
11．组织分工
按《电力建设工程启动验收及试运行规程》（2009 年版）有关规定，各方主要职责如
下：
11.1 安装单位
11.1.1 负责试运设备的单体调试
11.1.2 负责试运临时措施的实施
11. Organizational division of labor
In accordance with the "Power Construction Engineering startup acceptance and test run
regulation" (2009 version) with the relevant provisions, the main responsibilities of each party is as
followed:
11.1 installation unit

第 23 页 共 16 页
11.1.1 be responsible for monomer commissioning of test run equipment
11.1.2 be responsible for the implementation of test run temporary measures
11.1.3 负责试运设备与运行或施工设备的安全隔离措施
11.1.4 负责试运设备的消缺检修工作
11.2 生产单位
11.2.1 负责完成各项生产准备工作
11.2.2 负责有关系统及设备的挂牌工作
11.2.3 负责提供设备的运行整定值
11.2.4 负责试运设备的操作及事故处理
11.1.3 be responsible for test run equipment and safety isolation measurements of operation or
construction equipment
11.1.4 be responsible for eliminating maintenance work of test run equipment
11.2 production unit
11.2.1 be responsible for completion of the production preparation
11.2.2 be responsible for listing work of the system and equipment
11.2.3 be responsible for providing operation setting value of the equipment
11.2.4 be responsible for operation and incident handling of test run device
11.3 调试单位
11.3.1 负责分系统的调试工作
11.3.2 负责编制调试方案和措施
11.3.3 负责填写试运质量验评表
11.3.4 负责编写调试报告
11.4 监理单位
11.4.1 负责跟踪试运设备的消缺状态
11.3 Commissioning unit
11.3.1 Be responsible for subsystem commissioning work
11.3.2 be responsible for the preparation of commissioning programs and measures
11.3.3 be responsible for completing of the test rim quality inspection evaluation form
11.3.4 be responsible for the preparation of the commissioning report
11.4 Supervision Unit
11.4.1 be responsible for tracking the eliminating lack of equipment state of test run equipment
12 附表
12.1 温升、温差控制范围
在起动、加减负荷和停机过程中，对金属温差应严格控制，温差过大，往往导致热应
力超限发生裂纹，还可能产生较大的变形，使汽机不能安全运行。温差大小与温升率有直
接关系。
12 Addendum
12.1 temperature rises, temperature difference control range
During the process of startup, increase and decrease of load and shutdown, the metal temperature
difference should be strictly controlled, if the temperature difference is too large, often leads to
thermal stress overrun to occur crack, it may have a larger deformation, the turbine can not be
safely run. Temperature difference size and temperature rise rate has a direct relationship.
序号 单位
项目 Item 控制范围 Control range
No. Unit
1 进汽温升率 Inlet temperature ℃/min 2.8-3.2
rising rate
2 进汽温降率 Inlet temperature 2
decreasing rate

第 24 页 共 16 页
3 主汽门外壁温升率 Main valve 4.6-5
exterior wall temperature rising
rate
4 主蒸汽管外壁温升率 Main 7
steam pipe exterior wall
temperature rising rate
5 调节阀蒸汽室外壁温升率 4.6-5
Adjusting valve steam exterior
wall temperature rising rate
6 汽缸法兰内壁温升率 Cylinder 4
flange interior wall temperature
rising rate
7 汽缸法兰外壁温升率 Cylinder 3
flange exterior wall temperature
rising rate
8 汽缸法兰内、外壁温差 ＜100（升温 rising of
Cylinder flange interior, exterior temperature），＜80（降温
wall temperature difference decreasing of temperature）
9 汽缸法兰中心与螺栓温差 ＜30
Cylinder flange center and bolt
temperature difference ℃
10 上、下汽缸温差 Upper, lower ＜35-50
cylinder temperature difference
11 汽缸内、外壁温差 Cylinder ＜80（升温 rising of
interior, exterior wall temperature），＜60（降温
temperature difference decreasing of temperature）

首次启动冲转曲线
First-time startup impulse turning curve

r/min
3000

2500

2000

第 25 页 共 16 页
 1500

1000

500

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 min
注：暖机时间可以根据情况适当延长
Note: Heating up turbine time can be extended appropriately according to the situation
热态启动冲转曲线
Hot state startup impulse turning curve

r/min
3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 min

首次带负荷曲线
First-time with load curve
MW %
1
00%
8
0%

60%

第 26 页 共 16 页
 40%

20%

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 min

注：暖机时间可以根据情况适当延长
Note: Heating up turbine time can be extended appropriately according to the situation
汽轮机运行主要参数及限值
Main parameters and limiting value of turbine operation
最 最
单 低值 正常值 高值
项
名称 Item 位 Minimu Normal Maximu 备注 Remarks
目
Unit m value m
value value
主蒸汽压力
M —
Main steam 3.43 3.5 ——
Pa —
pressure
主蒸汽温度
Main steam ℃ 420 435 450 ——
temperature
凝汽器背压 启动时 during
k —
Condenser back ≤13.5 13.5 startup≤16.6
Pa —
pressure 1500r/min≤12
低压缸排汽
温度 LP cylinder 空负荷时 during
℃ ≤60
exhaust no load≯120℃
temperature
轴向位移 Mechanism 0
m - -0.6～
Axial 0.8 level is mm 机械 0 位
m 0.6 0.8
displacement 为 mm
差胀
m
Expansion -1 -1～+3 3 ——
m
difference
轴振 Axial m —
＜0.03
vibration m —
润滑油压力 M 0.0 0.0078~ 0.1 0.04 跳机 trip
Lubricating oil Pa 78 0.118 18
pressure

第 27 页 共 16 页
 During turning
润滑油温度
gear controlled
Lubricating oil ℃ 35 35～45 45
within 盘车时控制在
temperature
27～40
支持轴承温
度 Supporting —
℃ ＜90 110 ——
bearing —
temperature
推力轴承温
—
度 Trust bearing ℃ ＜85 85 ——
—
temperature
轴承回油温
—
度 Bearing back ℃ ＜75 75 75——跳机 trip
—
oil temperature

第 28 页 共 16 页
 联锁保护及报警试验记录单 Interlock
protection and alarm test record list

机组 Unit：＃ 1 专业：汽机 Field: turbine

系统：整套启动 System: Complete set startup 编号：
No: Date 日期：
序 试验内容 Test 结 备注
试验方法 Test method
号 No content 果 Result Remark
一、汽机跳闸试验 Turbine trip test
热控室紧急跳
闸按钮 Thermal 在热控室按下紧急跳闸按钮。In
1 control room the thermal control room press
emergency trip emergency trip button.
button
汽机机头紧急
跳闸装置 Turbine 在就地操作 紧急跳闸装置 。 In
2 head emergency trip local operation emergency trip device.
device
在 TSI 柜中模拟排汽真空低低，
排汽真空低低 汽机保护动作并报警。In TSI cabinet
3 exhaust vacuum low simulate exhaust vacuum low, the
turbine protection action and alarm.
用信号发生器在就地模拟轴向
位移高（３取 2）汽机保护动作并报
轴向位移高高 警。Use signal generator at site to
4 axial displacement simulate axial displacement high (3
high take 2) steam turbine protection action
and alarm.
用信号发生器在就地模拟轴承
金属温度高（#1～#4 轴承 95℃，推
主机轴承温度 力轴承金属 110℃）Use signal
高 Turbine bearing generator at site to simulate bearing 报警
5
metal temperature high (# 1 ~ # 4 Alarm
temperature high
bearing 95 ℃, thrust bearing metal 110
℃)
将 3 个油压润滑低低压力开关中
的 2 个同时置 1 保护动作并报警。
润滑油压低跳 Put two out of three oil pressure
6 闸 Oil pressure low lubrication low pressure switch into
trip one simultaneously protection action
and alarm.
将 TSI 系统 3 个转速信号中任意 2 个
同时送入大于 110％的正弦波信号，
主机超速保护 110％跳闸保护动作并报警。, Put
动作 Turbine over
7 TSI system two out of three speed
speed protection signals simultaneously into greater than
action 110% sine wave signal, 110% trip
protection action and alarm.

第 29 页 共 16 页
 发变组保护动
作或发电机跳闸联
跳汽机 Transformer 模拟发变组保护动作或发电机
8 跳闸。Simulate transformer unit
unit protection action
protection action or generator tripping.
or generator tripping
turbine
施工单位 Construction 调试单位 Commissioning
unit： unit：
业主单位 Owner unit：

联锁保护及报警试验记录单
Interlock protection and alarm test record list
机组 Unit：＃ 1 专业：汽机 Field: turbine
系统：整套启动 System: Complete set startup 编号：
No: Date 日期：
序 试验内容 Test 结 备注
号 试验方法 Test method
content 果 Result Remark
No
将 3 个轴承润滑油压低低压力开
关中的 2 个同时置 1 保护动作并报
主机轴承润滑 警。将 3 个油压润滑低低压力开关
油压低跳闸 Turbine 中的 2 个同时置 1 保护动作并报警。
1 bearing lubricating
1 Put two out of three bearing
oil pressure low lubrication oil pressure low pressure
tripping switch into one simultaneously
protection action and alarm.
在 TSI 系统中模拟任意一个推力
轴承轴向位移超过跳闸设定值，汽
轴向位移大跳 机跳闸保护动作并报警。TSI system
1 闸 Axial simulates in any of the thrust bearing
2 displacement of large axial displacement exceed trip setting,
trip turbine trip protection action and
alarm.

第 30 页 共 16 页
 同时关闭 DEH 主控制器主电源和
DEH 系统主要故 后备电源。Simultaneously close DEH
1 障跳闸 DEH system
3 main controller main power and
main fault trip
backup power.
ETS 控制器故障
1 ETS controller 关闭 ETS 控制器电源。Close
4 ETS controller power.
failure
ETS 输入模件故
1 障 ETS input module 拔出 ETS 输入模件。Pull out the
5 ETS input module.
failure
用信号发生器在就地模拟排汽
低压缸排汽温 动作
温度高（120℃）汽机保护动作报警。
1 度高 Low-pressure Use signal generator at site to simulate 报警
6 cylinder exhaust Action
exhaust temperature high (120 ℃)
temperature is high alarm
turbine protection action alarm.
施工单位 Construction
unit： 调试单位 Commissioning
unit：
业主单位 Owner
unit：

第 31 页 共 16 页
 联锁保护及报警试验记录单
Interlock protection and alarm test record list
机组 Unit：＃ 1 专业：汽机 Field: Turbine
系统：整套启动 System: Complete set startup
编号 No： 日期 Date：
序 试验内容 Test 结 备注
号 试验方法 Test method
content 果 Result Remark
No
1 DEH 系统故障 模拟 DEH 系统故障 Simulation
7 DEH system failure DEH system failure
高加水位高 HP
1 heater water level is 就地模拟高加水位高 at site
8 simulated HP heater water level is high
high
主油箱油位低
1 Main oil tank level is 就地模拟主油箱油位低 at site 报警
9 simulated main oil tank level is low Alarm
low
DEH 柜模拟 AST 保护动作 DEH
2 AST 继电器动作
cabinet simulation AST protection
0 AST relay action
action
施工单位 调试单位 Commissioning
Construction unit： unit：
业主单位 Owner
unit：

第 32 页 共 16 页
 典型工况运行参数记录表
Typical working condition operation parameter
recording table
机组 Unit：＃ 1 专业：汽机 Field: Turbine
系统： 整套启动 System: complete set startup 编号 No ：
日期 Date ：
项目
Project 3000 12.5
单 2.5 5.0 7.5 20 25
工 况 r/mi
位 Unit MW MW MW MW MW MW
working n
condition
主蒸汽
压力 Main MPa
steam
pressure
主蒸汽
温度 Main ℃
steam
temperature
凝结水
流量 t/h
Condensate
water flow
#1 低加
出口给水温
度#1 HP
heater ℃
outlet feed
water
temperature
凝汽器
压力 kPa
Condenser
pressure
汽缸总
胀 Cylinder mm
total
expansion
轴向位
移 Axial mm
placement
调速油
压
Governing MPa
oil
pressure
调节级
后蒸汽压力
Regulated MPa
grade steam
pressure
第 33 页 共 16 页
 调节级
后蒸汽温度
Regulated ℃
grade steam
temperature

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第 34 页 共 16 页
 典型工况运行参数记录表
Typical working condition operation parameter
recording table
机组 Unit：＃ 1 专业：汽机 Field: turbine
系统：整套启动 System: Complete set startup 编
号 No： 日期 Date：
1
工 况 working 单 2 5 7 2.5 2 2
位 .5 .0 .5
condition 项 M 0 MW 5 MW
目 Project Unit MW MW MW
W
凝汽器 A 侧循环水进口压
力 Condenser A side circulating k
Pa
water inlet pressure
凝汽器 B 侧循环水进口压
力 Condenser B side circulating k
Pa
water inlet pressure
凝汽器 A 侧循环水出口压
力 Condenser A side circulating k
Pa
water outlet pressure
凝汽器 B 侧循环水出口压
力 Condenser B side circulating k
Pa
water outlet pressure
凝汽器 A 侧循环水进口温
度 Condenser A side circulating ℃
water inlet temperature
凝汽器 B 侧循环水进口温 ℃
度 Condenser B side circulating
water inlet temperature
凝汽器 A 侧循环水出口温 ℃
度 Condenser A side circulating
water outlet temperature
凝汽器 B 侧循环水出口温 ℃
度 Condenser B side circulating
water outlet temperature
辅汽母管温度 auxiliary ℃
steam bus pipe temperature
润滑油压力 Lubricating oil k
pressure Pa
℃

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第 35 页 共 16 页
 典型工况运行参数记录表
Typical working condition operation parameter
recording table
机组 Unit：＃ 1 专业：汽机 Field: Turbine
系统：整套启动 System: Complete set startup 编
号 No： 日期 Date：
3 1
工 况 Working 单 2 5 7 2.5
000 2 2
位 .5 .0 .5
condition 项 r M 0 MW 5 MW
目 Project Unit MW MW MW
/min W
#1 支撑轴承# 1 ℃
supporting bearing
轴
#2 支撑轴承# 2 ℃
承
support bearings
金
#3 支撑轴承# 3 ℃
属
support bearing
温
度 #4 支撑轴承# 4 ℃
Beari bearing support
ng 推力轴承工作面 ℃
metal Thrust bearing working
tempe face
ratur
e 推力轴承非工作 ℃
面 Thrust bearing non-
working face
#1 支撑轴承# 1 ℃
轴 supporting bearing
承 #2 支撑轴承# 2 ℃
回 supporting bearing
油 #3 支撑轴承# 3 ℃
温 supporting bearing
度 #4 支撑轴承# 4 ℃
Beari supporting bearing
ng
back 推力轴承工作面 ℃
oil Thrust bearing working
tempe face
ratur 推力轴承非工作 ℃
e 面 Thrust bearing non-
working face
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第 36 页 共 16 页
 典型工况运行参数记录表
Typical working condition operation parameter
recording table
机组 Unit：＃1 专业：汽机 Field: Turbine
系统：整套启动System: Complete set startup 编号 No：
日期 Date：
时 转速/ 方 1# 2# 3# 4# 5#
间 负荷 向
Time speed/load Directi
on
⊥
3000r/ ─
min
⊙
⊥
2.5 MW ─
轴
向
Axial
directio
n
⊥
5.0 MW ─
⊙
⊥
7.5 MW
─
⊙
⊥
12MW ─
⊙

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第 37 页 共 16 页