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Introduction to Digital Filtering

Article  in  IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics · June 1978

DOI: 10.1109/TSMC.1978.4309985 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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Robert Bogner A. G. Constantinides

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 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOL. SMC-8, NO. 5, MAY 1978
white noise. A suboptimum inverse filter using the known distor-
tion transfer function and only an approximate knowledge of
the signal bandwidth is then used as the final step in the estima-
tion procedure. It is shown that this filter gives better results than
the previously formulated Wiener estimator. Furthermore, this
filter does not require a large number of responses for the estima-
tion of signal and noise characteristics as required previously
reported estimators. Points that need further investigation are
the general applicability of the estimator, possible suboptimum
time-domain solutions to the inverse filtering stage, and the sensi-
tivity of the filter output to the assumed signal spectrum.
REFERENCES
[1] N. W. Perry and D. G. Childers, The Human Visual Evoked Response.
Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1969.
[2] J. B. Krauss, "Computerized average response and autocorrelation methods as
related to signal detection in noise," in Data Acquisition and Processing in
Biology and Medicine, vol. 3, K. Enslein, Ed. New York: Pergamon, 1964.
Book Reviews
Introduction to Digital Filtering-R. E. Bogner and A. G. Constantinides,
Eds. (New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1975, 198 pp.). Reviewed by C. K.
Yuen, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001.
Only a few years ago, books on digital signal processing were appearing
at the meagre rate of about one per year [1]-[6]. In the last couple of years
publishers seemed to be rushing to correct the previous neglect: about ten
books on the subject appeared in 1975 alone and a similar number since!
With such fierce competition, a book will have to be very good indeed to
do well, particularly in view of the high standard some of the books have
set [7], [8].
The present volume is different from the others in that it is the joint
effort of eight contributing authors, all faculty members in electrical engin-
eering departments at various English universities (though one has since
moved to Australia), who, between them, produced eleven chapters. The
coverage of the subject is fairly complete, although, constrained by the
shortness of the book, many topics were only briefly mentioned. As
the book is based on a "continuing education" course for practising engin-
eers, the presentation is down to earth and clear. Also, the cost of the book
is relatively low.
Overall, the material in the book is sound engineering knowledge, and
there is little that I would find fault with. If the book had appeared a year
or two earlier I would have been happy to recommend it. Put against its
competitors, however, the book must be judged to be less than the best. I
believe most research workers will prefer Rabiner and Gold [7] as it
contains more advanced and up-to-date material and covers all aspects of
digital signal processing; whereas for teaching purposes Oppenheim and
Schafer [8] would be better because it is, again, more complete in coverage
and also contains exercises, a unique feature among the latest digital signal
processing texts.
A factor that reduces the usefulness of the present book as a reference is
the lack of a good bibliography. The reference lists appended to the ends
of the chapters are all quite short; and all together I counted only two
citations later than 1972, both of work published in 1973. One paper,
presented at a 1970 conference, was referred to in both Chapter 1 and
Chapter 8, with the attached note: "probably in 1970 IEEE Trans. Audio
Electroacou." Since the book is dated 1975, one wonders why somebody,
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[3] J. I. Aunon and C. D. McGillem, "Techniques for processing single evoked
potentials," Trans. San Diego Biomed. Symp., pp. 211-218, 1975.
[4] T. Nogawa, et al., "Visual evoked potentials estimated by Wiener filtering,"
Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 35, pp. 375-378, 1973.
[5] D. 0. Walter, "A posteriori Wiener filtering of average evoked responses,"
Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol., suppl. 27, pp. 61-70, 1969.
[6] W. Gersch, "Spectral analysis of EEG's by autoregressive decomposition of
time series," Mathematical Biosciences, vol. 7, pp. 205-222, 1970.
[7] G. Pfurtscheller and S. Schuy, "Digital storage and simulation of EEG data
using a linear EEG-model," Methods of Information in Medicine, vol. 14, pp.
80-86, Apr. 1975.
[8] L. Zetterberg, "Estimation of parameters for a linear difference equation with
application of EEG analysis," Mathematical Biosciences, vol. 5, pp. 227-275,
1969.
[9] A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
[10] G. E. P. Box and G. M. Jenkins, Time Series Analysis-Forecasting and Control.
San Francisco: Holden-Day, 1970.
[11] M. Kaveh and G. R. Cooper, "An empirical investigation of the properties of
the autoregressive spectral estimator," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-22,
pp. 313-323, May 1976.
[12] D. Slepian, "Linear least-squares filtering of distorted images," J. Opt. Soc. oJ
America, vol. 57, pp. 918-922, July 1967.
whether an editor, a contributing author, or an editorial assistant working
for the publisher, did not look up the journal to verify if the paper actually
was published. (It in fact appeared in the June 1970 issue of that journal.)
Surely it is not too much to expect that authors should update their
reference lists at the galley proof stage? This is neither time consuming nor
excessively costly, and greatly helps the reader.
REFERENCES
[1] B. Gold and C. M. Rader, Digital Processing of Signals. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969.
[2] J. S. Bendat and A. G. Piersol, Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures. New
York: Wiley, 1971.
[3] R. K. Otnes and L. Enochson, Digital Time Series Analysis. New York: Wiley, 1972.
[4] G. M. Jenkins and D. G. Watts, Spectral Analysis and Its Applications. San Francisco: Holden-
Day, 1968.
[5] M. H. Ackroyd, Digital Filtering. London: Butterworths, 1973.
[6] K. G. Beauchamp, Signal Processing. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1973.
[7] L. R. Rabiner and B. Gold, Theory and Application oJ Digital Signal Processing. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1975.
[8] A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, Digital Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-
Hall, 1975.
Perturbation Methods-A. H. Nayfeh (New York: Wiley-Interscience,
1973, 415 pp.). Reviewed by Vimal Singh, Department of Electrical Engin-
eering, Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College, Allahabad 211004,
India.
There exist a number of approximate approaches for the analysis of
nonlinear systems. Of these, the perturbation methods are the most
commonly employed. Nayfeh's book is an excellent introduction to these
methods.
In its seven chapters, the book presents notations, definitions, and the
properties of asymptotic expansions (Chapter 1), the classification of the
sources of nonuniformity in perturbation expansions (Chapter 2),
the method of strained coordinates where uniformity is achieved by ex-
panding the dependent as well as independent variables in terms of new
independent parameters (Chapter 3), the methods of matched and compo-
site asymptotic expansions (Chapter 4), variation of parameters and
methods of averaging (Chapter 5), the methods of multiple scales (Chapter
6), and asymptotic solutions of linear ordinary and partial differential
equations (Chapter 7). At the end of each chapter, about 20-30 exercises