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    18 views8 pages

    Plant Layout and Piping Design PDF

    Uploaded by

    MoeenulHaque

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Plant Layout and Piping Design for Minimum After process and equipment conditions are set, plant layout can be the largest single cost saver in HPI plants, Line sizes and pressure drops depend on pipe length ‘and configuration, Use these guides to maximum piping system economy Robert Kern, The M. W. Kellogg Co., New York Purine zconomy is closely related to three areas of plant design: © Equipment layout © Piping desi a. Line sizing and flow systems b, Piping layout, and ing details ‘These areas are interdependent; without an economical Jayout, economical piping and details cannot be produced. Line sizes and pressure drops also depend on pipe length ‘and layout configurations. Consequently, when a layout engineer arranges equipment his main concems are pipe runs. This is what he tries to minimize while deciding on equipment sequence and relationships. — Plant Layout and Piping Economy, Plant layout can be the biggest single cost saver in refinery and petrochem- cal plant design, after process and equipment design possibilities have been exhausted. Savings can be realized not only in piping but also in the cost of pumping, com- pression and utility cost. Often a layout can eliminate equipment (for example, pumps with well arranged standbys). ‘The most important document issued to the layout Cost Systems engineer is the process flow diagram (PFD). This has to be evaluated for an economical plant arrangement From a layout standpoint, three types of lines can be distinguished. Main Process Flow Lines. First, lines which represent the main process flow. Such streams pass through fumaces, reactors and dryers, then they continue at tower bottom and feed inlet to the next tower, often with exchangers and pumps between them. Thete lines will be the shortest if towers are arranged in process flow sequence as close to each other as equipment sizes and access space permits. With smaller interconnecting lines, towers can be located further apart without much increase in piping cost if other economies can. thus be realized, For example: the grouping of condensers be- tween two towers can result in a shortening of cooling water lines; a common steam line can be designed for grouped reboilers. Grouped condensers and reflux drums will permit a common supporting structure. Figure 1 shows an example of alternative tower arrangements. ‘Many configurations are possible and justified if shorten- ing of these process lines is the ultimate result. Process flow is not always a simple straight through flow but can split into two or three streams, as is often done with a number of distillation columns. Subsidiary circuits to process flow must also be considered such as the refrigeration circuits in ammonia or ethylene units — Equipment Interconnecting Lines, The spacing of towers depends on the number and size of other equip- ‘ment connected to them. This leads to the second group of lines on PFD, lines which interconnect closely related equipment. These are, for example, the pipe lines inter- connecting towers with reboilers and condensers. These are generally large diameter lines and should have pref- ‘erence over the first group which are usually smaller process lines. — Feed and Product Lines. The third group of lines are 25 PLANT LAYOUT AND PIPING DESIGN Fig, I—Alternative tower arrangements can shorten main process How lines the feed Jines and the usually small diameter product lines. These lines ean be minimized if they start at equip- ‘ment close to that battery limit where feed and product Fines terminate, For further development, process equipment sizes are required. These include types and sizes of vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, intercoolers, serubbers, silencers, floor space of lube and seal oil console; furnace and heater details; contro! and switch house arvange- ments ~ Location For Minimum Pipe Runs For plant layout, in addition to tower sequence, every equipment item has 26 2nd pup locations the made: for mininwi pipe runs. For es: deum, © Bx runs, These are thermosyphon reboilers and condensers. Short reboiler and overhead lines are essential for both re next 10 tow suse short p economy and reliable operation, © Exchangers which should be close 10 ot equipment. For example, exchangers in closed pump cuits such as some reflux circuits. In the case of 2 bot tom-draw-olf-exchanger-pump, flow exchangers should be close to the tower or drum to give short suction fines Exchangers Jocated between two distant items of process equipment as shown on Figure 2, These are ex- changers with process lines connected to both shell and tube side, The preferred location is where the two streams meet in the yard piping and have a parallel run, and on that side of the yard where the majority of re- lated equipment is placed, In Figure 2, the south side ig preferred because the three related items are on this side of the yard. Other locations will cast more in pipe * Exchangers located between process equipment and the unit limit can be located at one end of the plant. Such exchangers are, for example, product coolers Drums. © Drum location when it must be next to & tower or ex changer. For example, when a tower bottom flows by gravity into a collectinig drum, the drum should be under or next to the tower. A reflux drum should be next to the condenser, Compressor suction drums and knock-out drums should be close to the compressor © Most process and utility drums serve as separatovs surge and reflux drums and should be arranged in process flow sequence, © Storage drums or tanks, located within a unit usually: are given secondary consideration and are located as space permits mostly at the peripheries of the unit Pumps. ‘© Pumps have one general rule: put them close to and below their point of suction, So far, our discussion has dealt with the bases of ‘economical process unit piping, without mentioning speci fications, site information and project design data, con- struction, operation, and maintenance. Specifications describe the client's requirements or con- tractor companies standards for all sections of plant

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