MyGrammarLab ELEMENTARY A1/A2 www.mygrammarlab.com Mark Foley # Diane Hall PEARSON72 Word order in statements 11 Subject + verb (+ object) statement contains a subject and a verb. It can also contain an object and other phrases. ‘We put a full stop (,) at the end of a statement. don’t know. Paul ‘steading a magazine The dry weather caused alot of problems. If we change the position of the subject and the object, the meaning of the sentence changes: . ouch + aap ‘The boy hit ar Y a rT ‘the boy. A few verbs have adjectives after them instead of an object (e.g. be, look, seem, smell, taste): Melanie is very angry. That looks delicious! Adjectives after verbs > Unit 25.3 We often use the -ing form of a verb as the subject of the sentence. Here, its like a noun: Swimming is good for you. Driving in fog can be dangerous. 2. Subject + verb (no object) ‘Some verbs never have an object “susiect ovens (c.g. arrive, come, go, happen, rain, land, wait). The taxi is waiting A. Remember to put the subject BEFORE the verb: Gur fends haven't 1X Bher arrived miy-frienels- awe te fared i Vv Then my friends arrived and we had lunch, The plane landed. Other verbs can have an object, but do not always need one: Tim reading a magazine. I'm reading. (Our team has just won the game! Our team has just won! 3 Building a sentence are going to meet our friends outside the cinema. at 8.30, risa vil take place in Bejing in June. The workmen cleared the snow from the streets early this morning ‘This word order is the normal order for the parts of a sentence. If there is an adverb of manner, too, we put it before place or time: ‘ume He played well atthe game ‘on Saturday Adverbs and word order > Unit 28 Word order in questions > Unit 73.1 1841 186 Have you seen that?) Questions Question forms can be © be-+ subject: Are you happy? Was she late yesterday? © auxiliary/modal verb + subject + main verb: Do you understand? Questions can also contain an object and other phrases. We usually put a question mark (?) at the end of a question. AUXIARY/MODAL VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB OBJECT @n she speak French? dia it snow last winter? Modal verbs > Module 9_ More on questions > Units 77 and 78 Imperatives We use the infinitive form for imperatives. We use don’t + infinitive to make a negative Imperative. We sometimes put an exclamation mark (!) at the end of an imperative, to ‘make it stronger, POSITIVE NEGATIVE Come ini Don't worry, Take a seat. Don't forget your keys! Stop talking! Don't start writing yet. X You-isten-to-me-t'm-tatking: (This is not polite.) ¥ Listen to me, I'm talking. We use imperatives to: © give orders: Stand up! © give instructions: Mix the eggs and milk together. © give warnings: Don't go out in this weather. It's horrible © offer something: Have a biscuit ‘© ask for something: Pass the salt, please. In public signs, we don’t use imperatives: X Bontsmoke, ¥ No smoking X Bont park ¥ No parkingAPPENDIX 1 QUICK CHECK 1 mopuLe2 Pronouns 306APPENDIX 1. GRAMMAR CHECK 307GRAMMAR CHECK APPENDIX 1 QUICK CHECK 3 movulES Modal verbs[APPENDIX 1 GRAMMAR CHECK QUICK CHECK 4 mopuLe 10 Conditionals 309GRAMMAR CHECK APPENDIX 1 QUICK CHECK 5 mopute 13 Verbs + -ing form and infinitive 310APPENDIX 1. GRANIMAR CHECK QUICK CHECK 6 monuLe 16 Linking words 3GRAMMAR CHECK APPENDIX 1 QUICK CHECK 7 mopute 18 Verbs + prepositions see tree spine FP ae myc verb+ about complain about, read about meee pe verb + for apply for ask for look for pay for TRY Wa OE ‘We've been waiting for half an hour! verb+in arrive in_believe in getin ae inetn succeed sty'n ere verb+ of approve of think of What do you think of her new friend? verb +0n decide on depend on I decided on studying chemistry. verb+at arriveat laugh at look at stayat We're staying ata small hotel verb +with agree with stay with ‘Maria is right. | agree weith her arrive arrive in (@town or country) When did you arrive in England? arrive at (any other place) The train arrived at Victoria Station at si o'clock, pay —_pay(@ person or a bil) ‘My mother paid the bill. {no preposition) ‘She paid the waiter at the end of the meal pay for (a thing) | haven't paid for the tickets yet. stay stay in/at (a place) ‘She stayed at the Hitton Hotel last month, stay with (a person) I'm staying with my cousins for the holidays. Took look at somebody/something Look at the clock. We're late! ok for Sorby someting ine me" looking for DE WEteans ox Do you te look after somebody/something A nanny looks after the children while Enily sat work look like somebody/something Michael looks like his grandfather. They ae both tal and thin. ‘ask somebody for something Did you ask the doctor for some advice? thank somebody for something The manager thanked the staff for their hard work. invite somebody to something linvited Carla to my party. tell somebody about something Have you told your parents about your new job yet? 312[APPENDIX 1 GRANIMAR CHECK. QUICK CHECK 8 mopuLE 18 Phrasal verbs 313APPENDIX 2 Common irregular verbs (1) A-Z list INFINITIVE be beat become begin break bring build burn buy catch choose come cost cut dig dive do draw dream drink drive cat fall feel fight find fly forget forgive freeze get sive go grow have hear hide hit hold hurt 314 PAST TENSE vwas/were beat became began broke brought built burnt/burned bought caught chose came cost cut dug dived did drew dreamt/ dreamed, drank drove ate fell felt fought found flew forgot forgave froze got gave went grew had heard hid hit held hurt PAST PARTICIPLE been beaten become begun broken brought built burnt/burned bought caught chosen dug dived done drawn dreamt/ dreamed, drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven frozen got given gone ‘grown had heard hidden hit held hurt INFINITIVE keep know learn. leave end let lose make mean meet pay put read ride ring tise say sell send shine show sing sit sleep speak spell spend stand steal take teach tell think throw understand write PAST TENSE kept knew learnt/learned left lent let lose made meant met paid put read rode rang rose said sold sent shone showed sang sat slept spoke spelt/spelled. spent stood stole swam took taught told thought threw understood wrote PAST PARTICIPLE kept known learnt/learned left lent let lost made meant met paid put read ridden rung risen said sold sent shone shown sung, sat slept spoken spelt/spelled spent stood stolen taken taught told thought thrown understood won written