IG = ∆Voc/(r + rg) = 0.1 mV/(1.2 kΩ + 400 Ω) = 62.

5 nA
—————————————————————————————
8-14 rv = E/Iv = 15 kV/2 µA = 7.5 × 109 Ω
rs = E/Is = 15 kV/(3.5 mA – 2 µA) = 10 × 109 Ω
—————————————————————————————
8-15 Iv = 0.56 µA, Is = 2.1 µA – 0.56 µA = 1.54 µA
rv = E/Iv = 15 kV/0.56 µA = 26.8 × 109 Ω
rs = E/Is = 15 kV/1.54 µA = 9.74 × 109 Ω
—————————————————————————————
8-16 rv||rs = S1 P/Q = 5.4 MΩ × 10 MΩ/100 kΩ
= 5.4 × 108 Ω
rv = S2 P/Q = 9.9 MΩ × 10 MΩ/100 kΩ = 9.9 × 108 Ω
rs = [(rv||rs)–1 – rv–1] –1 = [(5.4 × 108 Ω)–1 – (9.9 × 108 Ω) –1] –1
= 11.88 × 108 Ω
For rv||rs,
IP = E/(P + R) = 12 kV/[10 MΩ + (5.4 × 108 Ω)] = 21.8 µA
IQ = E/(Q + S) = 12 kV/[100 kΩ + (5.4 MΩ)] = 2.18 mA
For rv,
IP = E/(P + R) = 12 kV/[10 MΩ + (9.9 × 108 Ω)] = 12 µA
IQ = E/(Q + S) = 12 kV/[100 kΩ + (9.9 MΩ)] = 1.2 mA
—————————————————————————————
8-17 R(v&s) = 10 kV/4.3 µA = 2.32 × 109 Ω
R(v) = 10 kV/3.3 µA = 3.03 × 109 Ω
R(s) = 10 kV/(4.3 µA – 3.3 µA) = 10 × 109 Ω
—————————————————————————————
8-18 lx = P (2 l)/(P + Q)
= 4.5 Ω × (2 × 3 km)/(4.5 Ω + 10.5 Ω) = 1.8 km
—————————————————————————————
8-19 Rx + Ry = S1 Q/P = 5.95 Ω × 10.5 Ω/4.5 Ω = 13.9 Ω
Rx = Q (S1 – S2)/(P + Q)
= 10.5 Ω × (5.95 Ω – 2.38 Ω)/(4.5 + 10.5 Ω) = 2.5 Ω
lx = Rx (2 l)/(Rx + Ry) = 2.5 Ω × (2 × 5 km)/13.9 Ω = 1.8 km
—————————————————————————————
8-20 lx = P (2 l)/(P + Q)
= 23 Ω × (2 × 250 m)/(23 Ω + 62 Ω) = 135 m
—————————————————————————————
8-21 Rx + Ry = S1 Q/P = 6.2 Ω × 15 Ω/7.8 Ω = 11.9 Ω
Rx = Q (S1 – S2)/(P + Q)
= 15 Ω × (6.2 Ω – 4.7 Ω)/(7.8 + 15 Ω) = 0.99 Ω
lx = Rx (2 l)/(Rx + Ry)
= 0.99 Ω × (2 × 300 m)/11.9 Ω = 49.9 m
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Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 3/e David A. Bell

Chapter 9 Problems
—————————————————————————————
9-1.1 XS = 1/(2 π f C) = 1/(2 π × 1 kHz × 0.01 µF)
= 15.915 kΩ

© Oxford University Press 2013. All rights reserved.

Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 3/e David A. Bell

RP = (RS2 + XS2)/RS
= [(15 kΩ)2 + (15.915 kΩ)2]/15 kΩ = 31.9 kΩ
XP = (RS2 + XS2)/XS
= [(15 kΩ)2 + (15.915 kΩ)2]/15.915 kΩ = 30.05 kΩ
CP = 1/(2 π f XP) = 1/(2 π × 1 kHz × 30.05 kΩ) = 5 nF
Components are 31.9 kΩ||5 nF
—————————————————————————————
9-3.1 I = E/R = 200 mV/3 Ω = 66.7 mA
VL = VC = I XC = 66.7 mA × 95 Ω = 6.3 V
Q = VL/E = 6.3 V/200 mV = 3.17
—————————————————————————————
9-1 XS = 1/(2 π f C) = 1/(2 π × 3.3 kHz × 0.015 µF)
= 3.215 kΩ
RP = (RS + XS2)/RS
2

= [(12 kΩ)2 + (3.215 kΩ)2]/12 kΩ = 12.8 kΩ

XP = (RS2 + XS2)/XS
= [(12 kΩ)2 + (3.215 kΩ)2]/12 kΩ = 48 kΩ
CP = 1/(2 π f XP) = 1/(2 π × 3.3 kHz × 48 kΩ) = 1000 pF
Components are 48 kΩ||1000 pF
—————————————————————————————
9-2 XS = 1/(2 π f C) = 1/(2 π × 100 kHz × 1000 pF)
= 1.592 kΩ
RP = (RS2 + XS2)/RS
= [(1.8 kΩ)2 + (15.915 kΩ)2]/15 kΩ/1.8 kΩ = 3.21 kΩ
XP = (RS2 + XS2)/XS
= [(1.8 kΩ)2 + (15.915 kΩ)2]/1.592 kΩ = 3.63 kΩ
CP = 1/(2 π f XP) = 1/(2 π × 100 kHz × 3.63 kΩ) = 439 pF
Components are 1.8 kΩ in series with 1000 pF
—————————————————————————————
9-3 XS = 1/(2 π f C) = 1/(2 π × 1 kHz × 0.048 µF)
= 3.32 kΩ
RP = (RS + XS2)/RS
2

= [(230 Ω)2 + (3.32 kΩ)2]/230 Ω = 48.2 kΩ

XP = (RS2 + XS2)/XS
= [(230 Ω)2 + (3.32 kΩ)2]/3.32 kΩ = 3.34 kΩ
CP = 1/(2 π f XP) = 1/(2 π × 1 kHz × 3.34 kΩ) = 0.048 µF
—————————————————————————————
9-4 XP = 2 π f LP = 2 π × 500 Hz × 210 mH = 660 Ω
XS = RS2 XS/(XP2 + Rp2)
= [(9.1 kΩ)2 × 660 Ω]/[(660 Ω)2 + (9.1 kΩ)2] = 657 Ω
XS ≈ XP and LS ≈ LP = 210 mH
RS = Rp XP2/(XP2 + Rp2)
= [9.1 kΩ × (660 Ω)2]/[(660 Ω)2 + (9.1 kΩ)2] = 47.6 Ω
—————————————————————————————
9-5 I = E/R = 150 mV/7 Ω = 21.4 mA
VL = VC = I XC = 21.4 mA × 120 Ω = 2.57 V
Q = VL/E = 2.57 V/150 mV = 17.1
—————————————————————————————

© Oxford University Press 2013. All rights reserved.

Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 3/e David A. Bell

9-6 I = E/R = 5 V/66 Ω = 75.8 mA

E = I R = 75.8 mA × 3.3 Ω = 250 mV
Q = VL/E = 5 V/250 mV = 20
—————————————————————————————
© Oxford University Press 2013. All rights reserved.
Chapter 10 Problems
—————————————————————————————
10-2.1 CP = C1 R3/R1 = 0.1 µF × 1 kΩ/547 Ω = 0.183 µF
RP = R1 R4/R3 = 547 Ω × 666 Ω/1 kΩ = 364.3 Ω
D = 1/(ω CP RP)
= 1/(2 π × 1 kHz × 0.183 µF × 364.3 Ω) = 2.39
—————————————————————————————
10-3.1 From Ex. 10-2,
Cx = CS = 0.068 µF & Rx = RS = 183.8 Ω
R3 = Cx R4/C1 = 0.068 µF × 10 kΩ/0.1 µF = 6.8 kΩ
C3 = Rx C1/R4 = 183.8 Ω × 0.1 µF/6.8 kΩ = 2700 pF
—————————————————————————————
10-4.1 LS(min) = C3 R1 R4(min)
= 0.1 µF × 100 Ω × 100 Ω = 1 mH
LS(max) = C3 R1 R4(max) = 0.1 µF × 100 Ω × 1 kΩ = 10 mH
Q(max) = 2 π f LS(max)/R3(min)
= 2 π × 10 kHz × 10 mH/100 Ω = 6.28
Q(min) = 2 π f LS(min)/R3(max)
= 2 π × 10 kHz × 1 mH/1 kΩ = 0.0628
—————————————————————————————
10-5.1 RS = R1 = 200 Ω
Coil resistance = RS – 185 Ω = 15 Ω
LS = L + 2 M = 44 mH + (2 × 20 mH) = 84 mH
—————————————————————————————
10-6.1 Cx + CP = R3 C1/R4
= 10.29 kΩ × 0.1 µF/14.7 kΩ = 0.07 µF
Cx = (Cx + CP) – CP = 0.07 µF – 0.068 µF = 2000 pF
RP||Rx = R1 R4/R3
= 308.9 kΩ ×14.7 kΩ/10.29 kΩ = 442.57 kΩ
RP||Rx = 1/(1/RP + 1/Rx) or 1/(RP||Rx) = (1/RP + 1/Rx)
Giving, 1/(442.57 kΩ) = (1/553.1 kΩ) + (1/Rx)
So, Rx = 1/[(442.57 kΩ) – (553.1 kΩ)] = 2.2 MΩ
—————————————————————————————
10-1 Cx(max) = C1 R3(max)/R4(min)
= 0.1 µF × 200 kΩ/1 kΩ = 20 µF
Cx(min) = C1 R3(min)/R4(max) = 0.1 µF × 1 kΩ/200 kΩ = 500 pF
—————————————————————————————
10-2 CS = C1 R3/R4 = 0.1 µF × 1 kΩ/2.1 kΩ = 0.048 µF
RS = R1 R4/R3 = 109.5 Ω × 2.1 kΩ/1 kΩ = 230 Ω
D = ω CS RS = 2 π × 1 kHz × 0.048 µF × 230 Ω = 0.069
—————————————————————————————
10-3 RS = (R1 R4/R3) – 3.9 Ω