ICT •A.M.

Jahan
G.C.E A/L •ER Diagram
Unit -09 •Model Quetions

01. ABC fy;Y}up Mrpupau;fspd; jfty; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapid (TIMS) mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fj;

jpl;lkpLfpd;wJ. ,k; KiwikapdJ Nehf;fk; Mrpupau;fspd; filikfisAk;> gzpfisAk;
,dq;fz;L Kfhik nra;tjhFk;. ,k; Kiwik Mrpupau;fs>; tFg;Gf;fs ;kw;Wk; midj;J
ghlq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; juTj;jsk; xd;wpidg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
Copau; vz;> ngau;> njhiyNgrp vz;> epakdj;jpfjp> gadu;ngau;> flTr;nrhy; kw;Wk; gzp
tfpghfk; (Mrpupau; my;yJ mjpgu;) Nghd;w tplaq;fs ;TIMS y; gjpag;gLfpd;wd. midj;J
Mrpupau;fs ;kw;Wk; mjpgu; MfpNahu; TIMS ,idf; ifahs KbAk;. xt;nthU juj;jpw;Fkhd
midj;Jg; ghlq;fSk; gjpag;gLtJld; mit jdpj;Jtkhf milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
ghlf;FwpaPl;L vz; ghlg;ngau;> kw;Wk; juk; Mfpait TIMS y; gjpag;gLfpd;wd.
Mrpupau;fSf;fhf ghlq;fs ;xJf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mNdfkhd Mrpupau;fs; xU ghlj;jpw;F
xJf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;> xU Mrpupau;fs ; xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l ghlq;fisf;
fw;gpf;fpd;wdu;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l ghlj;jpw;F xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l Mrpupau;fs ; xJf;fg;gl KbAk;.
fy;Y}upapy; xU juj;jpw;F 5 tFg;Gf;fs ;css;d. Xt;nthU tFg;giwAk; tFg;giwf;
FwpaPl;bdhy; (class code) jdpj;Jtkhf milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. tFg;giwf; FwpaPL> juk;
kw;Wk; tFg;ghrpupau; tpguq;fs ;Nrkpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xU Mrpupau; xU tFg;gpw;F khj;jpuk;
tFg;ghrpupauhf epakpf;fg;gLtJld;> xU tFg;G xU tFg;ghrpupaiu khj;jpuk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

NkYss; epiyikf;fhd ER tupg;glj;jpid tiue;J> xt;nthU csn;ghUs; (entity) kw;Wk;

njhlu;Gilik (relationship) tifapdJ gz;Gfis (attributes) milahsq;fhz;gJld;>
gpujhd rhtpfisAk; (primary keys) milahsg;gLj;Jf. ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs ;ckJ
tbtikg;gpy; mtrpakhapd; mtw;iw vLj;Jiuf;f.

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02. gpd;tUk; epiyikapidf; fUJf.
fzpdp epWtdnkhdw;py>; xU khztd ; xdw;pwF; Nkwg;ll; ghlnewpfSfF; (course) gjpT
(register) nraa;yhk; mjJ;ld ; xU ghlnewpahdJ xdw;pwF; Nkwg;ll; khztuf; shy ; njupT
nraa;gg;lyhk.; khztu tpguqf;shfpa khztu ; milahs ,yff; k; (Student ID)>
Kjw;ngau;> ,Wjpg;ngau; kw;Wk; gpwe;j jpfjp vd;gdTk; ghlnewp
njhlug;hd tpguqf;shfpa ghlnewp ,yff;k ; (Course code)> ghlnewp jiygG; (Course title)
kwW;k ; tpupTiuahsu; ngau; (Lecturer Name) MfpadTk; Nrkpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. xU
ghlnewpahdJ xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l tpupTiuahsu;fshy; fw;gpf;fg;glyhk;. Fwpj;j ghlnewpf;fhf
gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jpfjpAk; (Date registered)
,yf;fj; juTj; jsj;jpy; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

(a),e; epiyikff;hd ER tiuglj;ij tiuf.

(b) gq;fl
P ;Lg; gz;gpw;fhf (descriptive attribute) xU ngaiu vOJf.

(c),t; ER tiuglkhdJ njhlu;Gepiyj ; jutl;ltizf;Fg; glkplg;gl;lhy;> nghUj;jkhd

juTj;jstbtikgg;pidg; gpNuupf;f. [tpilapid mikg;G tbtpw; jUf]

(d) Student ID, First Name kw;Wk; Date Registered Mfpa tpguq;fisj; njupT nra;tjw;fhd
SQL $w;iw vOJf.

03.gpd;tUk; epiyikahdJ xU tPbNah (video) ,uty; toq;Ffpd;w fk;gdpf;fhd juT

Njitg;ghLfis tpgupf;fpd;wJ.
fk;gdpahdJ ehL KOtJk; gy fpisfisf; (branches) nfhz;Ls;sJ. Xt;nthU
fpisfspd; Kftup kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp vz; Mfpait fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Xt;nthU fpisf;Fk; jdpj;Jtkhd fpis vz; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Xt;nthU fpisf;Fk;
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;; (staff) ,Ug;gJld;> mJ Kfhikahsu; xUtiuAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Kfhikahsu; jug;gl;l fpisapd; ehshe;j nraw;ghl;bw;F nghWg;ghthu;. Xt;nthU
cj;jpNahfj;jupd;; ngau;> epiy (position) kw;Wk; rk;gsk; Mfpa tpguq;fs;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Xt;nthU cj;jpNahfj;jUf;Fk; fk;gdpuPjpapy; cj;jpNahfj;ju;
vz; (staffno) toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Xt;nthU fpisAk; tPbNahf;fis (videos)
itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. tPbNah gw;wpa tPbNah vz; (videono), jiyg;G, tif, gpujhd ebfu;
kw;Wk; ,af;Fdu; Nghd;w tpguq;fisAk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. tPbNah
vz;zhdJ tPbNahtpidj; jdpj;Jtkhf milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. tPbNah xd;wpd; gy
gpujpfs; (copies) xt;nthU fpisfspYk; fhzg;gLtJld;> xt;nthU gpujpAk; gpujp
vz;zpdhy; (copyno) milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Action, Adult, Children, Drama, Horror
my;yJ Fiction Nghd;wthW xt;nthU tPbNahTk; tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. fk;gdpapypUe;J
tPbNah gpujpfs; thliff;F toq;fg;glKd;du;> thbf;ifahsu; xUtu; fpis xd;wpy; gjpT
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjd;NghJ mq;fj;jtu; ngau; kw;Wk; gjpTnra;j jpfjp Xt;nthU
mq;fj;jtUf;Fk; jdpj;Jtkhd mq;fj;Jt vz; (memberno) toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gjpT nra;j
gpd;du; mq;fj;jtu; xNu jilitapy; gj;J tiuapyhd tPbNah gpujpfis ,uty; ngw
KbAk;. tPbNah gpujp (copy) ,uty; ngwg;gLk;NghJ ,uty; vz; (rentalno)> tPbNah
,uty; toq;fpa kw;Wk; kPs toq;fg;gl;l jpfjpfs; Nghd;w tpguq;fs;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uty; vz;zhdJ fk;gdpuPjpapy; jdpj;JtkhdJ.

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NkYs;s epiyikf;fhd ER tupg;glj;jpid tiue;J> xt;nthU cs;nghUs; (entity) kw;Wk;
njhlu;Gilik (relationship) tifapdJ gz;Gfis (attributes) milahsq;fhz;gJld;>
gpujhd rhtpfisAk; (primary keys) milahsg;gLj;Jf. ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs; ckJ
tbtikg;gpy; mtrpakhapd; mtw;iw vLj;Jiuf;f

04.tq;fp xd;W fpisfisf; (branches) nfhz;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU fpisAk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l

efuj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ mJ jdpj;Jtkhd xU ngaupdhy; milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
tq;fp thbf;ifahsu;fs; (customers) mtu;fsJ customerid ngWkjpfshy; jdpj;Jtkhf
milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. tq;fpahdJ thbf;ifahsu;fspd; ngau; kw;Wk;
Kftupapidf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. thbf;ifahsu;fs; fzf;fpid (account) itj;jpUf;f
KbtJld;> mtu;fs;
tq;fpaplkpUe;J flidAk; (loan) ngw KbAk;. thbf;ifahsu; xUtu; xU Fwpg;gpl;l
tq;fpahsUld; ,izf;fg;gLtJld;> mtu; Fwpg;gpl;l thbf;ifahsupd; flDjtp
mYtyuhfTk;> jdpg;gl;l tq;fpahsuhfTk; nraw;gLthu;. tq;fp Copau;fs; mtu;fsJ
employeeid ngWkjpfshy; jdpj;Jtkhf milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. tq;fpahdJ Copaupd;
ngaupidf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. tq;fpf; fzf;fhdJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
thbf;ifahsiuf; nfhz;bUg;gJld;> xU thbf;ifahsu; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l fzf;fpidAk;
nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;. xt;nthU fzf;Fk; xU jdpj;Jtkhd fzf;F (account number)
,yf;fj;jpdhy; milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tq;fpahdJ xt;nthU thbf;ifahsu;
fzf;fpdJk; fzf;F kPjpapidAk; (balance)> filrpahf fzf;fpid thbf;ifahsu;
gad;gLj;jpa jpfjpapidAk; NgZfpd;wJ. tq;fp fldhdJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l fpisapdhy;
toq;fg;gLtJld;> mJ xd;W my;yJ
mjw;F Nkw;gl;l thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F toq;fg;glyhk;. tq;fp fldhdJ xU jdpj;Jtkhd
fld; ,yf;fj;jpdhy; (loan number) milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tq;fpahdJ xt;nthU
fld; njhifapidAk; NgZfpd;wJ.
NkYs;s epiyikf;fhd ER tupg;glj;jpid tiue;J> xt;nthU cs;nghUs; (entity) kw;Wk;
njhlu;Gilik (relationship) tifapdJ gz;Gfis (attributes) milahsq;fhz;gJld;>
gpujhd rhtpfisAk; (primary keys) milahsg;gLj;Jf. ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs; ckJ
tbtikg;gpy; mtrpakhapd; mtw;iw vLj;Jiuf;f.

05. gy;fiyf;fofnkhd;W ghJfhg;gpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> Fwpg;gpl;l tifahd Ml;fspd;

(students,teachers, professors, secretaries, managers,.etc.) ngWtopfisf; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuk; kw;Wk;
jpfjpapd; (time and date) mbg;gilapy;f; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> jw;gad; milahs ml;il
(personal identity card - PID) Kiwik xd;wpid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. egu; xUtu; gy;fiyf;fof
r%fj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gLk; nghOJ (Ntiyf;fhf my;yJ fw;ifnewpiaj; njhlu;tjw;fhf)>
mtUf;F PID toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xt;nthU egUk; xU FOTf;F (group) khj;jpuk;
cupj;Jilatuhf ,Uf;fpd;w mNjNtis> mJ ve;jf; fl;llj;jpDs; (building) mtu;fs;
cs;Eioa KbAk; vd;gjidAk; jPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ. fl;llk; xd;wpDs; Eiotjw;F egu;
xUtu; mjw;F ntspNa cs;s PID ml;il thrpg;ghdpD}lhf PID ml;ilapidg; gad;gLj;jp
mDkjpapidg; (permisssion) ngwNtz;Lk; (xt;nthU egUk; jdpj;Jtkhd Xu; personID
,idf; nfhz;bUg;gu;). PID ml;il thrpg;ghd; fl;llj;jpw;F
ntspNa epWtg;gl;bUf;Fk;. egu;fspd; ngWtop (access) rupahapd;> mtu;fspd; mDkjp
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ngWtop mDkjpf;fg;gLk; nghOJ ifg;gw;wg;gl;l juTfs; (jpfjp>
PersonID> PIDreaderID) gjpag;gLfpd;wJ.

(a) NkYs;s epiyikf;fhd ER tiuglj;jpid tiuf. gpd;tUtdtw;iw tifFwpf;f.

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Xd;Wf;nfhd;whd> xd;Wf;Fg; gythd my;yJ gyTf;Fg; gythd Kjypikfs;.
Kjd;ikr;rhtpfs; kw;Wk; gz;Gfs;.
ePu; Nkw;nfhz;l ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs;.

06. tpkhd epiya cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; juTj;js Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapidg; gad;gLj;jp

tpkhd epiyak; xd;wpdJ midj;J jfty;fisAk; xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;F
jPu;khdpf;fpd;whu;fs;. ePu; juTj;jsj;jpid tbtikf;FkhW Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wPu;. tpkhd
epiyajpy; cs;s midj;J tpkhdq;fspdJk;> mtw;wpd; guhkupg;G tpguq;fisAk;
xOq;FgLj;JtJ ckJ KjyhtJ gzpahFk;. nghUj;jkhd jfty;fs; gpd;tUkhW.
Xt;nthU tpkhdKk; Xu; gjpT vz;zpidf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; (RegNo) Xu; Fwpg;gpl;l
tifapidAk; (model) nfhz;bUf;Fk;. tpkhd epiyak; (airport) xU njhFjp tpkhd
tiffisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld;> xt;nthU tifAk; Xu; tif vz;zpdhy; (ModelNo)
milahsg;gLj;jg; gLtJld;> nfhs;ssT kw;Wk; epiwapidAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. xU
Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifahd njhopDl;gtpayhsu;fs; (technicians) tpkhd epiyaj;jpy;
gzpGupfpd;wdu;. Xt;nthU njhopDl;gtpayhsu;fspdJk; ngau;> SSN> Kftup> njhiyNgrp
vz;> kw;Wk; rk;gsk; Nghd;w tpguq;fs; Nrkpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Xt;nthU
njhopDl;gtpayhsUk; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l tpkhd tiffSld; ty;Yduhf
,Ug;gJld;> Vida njhopDl;gtpayhsu;fSld; jkJ epGzj;Jtj;jpid toq;Ftu;.
njhopDl;gtpayhsu;fs; tUlhe;j kUj;Jtg; gupNrhjidapid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Xt;nthU njhopDl;gtpayhsupdJk; kpf mz;ikapy; Njhw;wpa guPli ; rapd; jpfjp
Nrkpf;fg;gly Ntz;Lk;. tpkhd epiyakhdJ Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;nfhUjilit
tpkhdq;fSf;fhd Nrhjidf;F (Test) cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Nrhjid xt;nthd;Wk; xU
Nrhjid vz;izAk; (TestNo) nfhz;bUf;Fk;. Xt;nthU NrhjidapdJk; jpfjp> Nrhjid
kzpj;jpahyk; kw;Wk; tpkhdk; ngw;w Score Mfpa jfty;fs; mtrpakhditahFk;.

NkNy jug;gl;l epiyikf;fhd ER tupg;glj;jpid tiuf. [ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gpd; mtw;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.]

07. fPNo jug;gl;l epiyikapid gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpd;w ER tiuglj;jpid tiuf.

cs;nghUs;fspd; gpujhd rhtpfs; kw;Wk; gz;Gfs; Mfpait njspthff; Fwpg;gplg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs; Nkw;nfhz;lhy; mtw;iwj; njspthff; fhl;Lf.

fk;gdp xd;W xU Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifapyhd Copau;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

employeeid,name,address kw;Wk; birthdate Mfpait Copau; gw;wpa juTfshFk;. fk;gdpahdJ
gy nraw;wpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. projected, projectname, kw;Wk; startdate Mfpait
nraw;wpl;lk; (project) gw;wpa juTfshFk;. Xt;nthU CopaUk; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F
Nkw;gl;l nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;F epakpf;fg;gLtu;. Copaupd; nfhLg;gdT tPjk; (billing rate)
nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g NtWgLk;. Copau; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;F
epakpf;fg;gLk;NghJ fk;gdpahdJ gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f nfhLg;gdT tPjj;jpidg; gjpT nra;a
tpUk;Gfpd;wJ.

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08. fPNo jug;gl;l epiyikapid gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpd;w ER tiuglj;jpid tiuf.
cs;nghUs;fspd; gpujhd rhtpfs; kw;Wk; gz;Gfs; Mfpait njspthff; Fwpg;gplg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. ahjhapDk; vLNfhs;fs; Nkw;nfhz;lhy; mtw;iw njspthff; fhl;Lf.

“Jazz Beatle” MdJ ,ir my;gq;fis (musical albums) NkilNaw;Wfpd;w ,irf;fiyQu;fs;

(musicians) gw;wpa jfty;fis juTj;jsnkhd;wpy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;F KbntLj;Js;sJ.
Xt;nthU ,irf;fiyQUk; MID, ngau;> Kftup> njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iwf;
nfhz;bUg;gu;. ghl;Lf;fs; gjptpd; NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w xt;nthU ,irf;fUtpfSk;
jdpj;Jtkhd milahs vz;> ngau; (c-k;. guitar, synthesizer, flute) kw;Wk; ,irr;rhtp
(musical key - c-k;. C, B-flat) Nghd;w tpguq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. xt;nthU my;gKk;
jdpj;Jtkhd milahs vz;> jiyg;G> gjpg;Gupik jpfjp> tbtk; (e.g, DVD)> kw;Wk; my;gk;
milahs vz; Nghd;w tpguq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. xt;nthU gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ghlYk;
jiyg;G (title) kw;Wk; cupikahsu; (author) Nghd;w tpguq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. Xt;nthU
,irf;fiyQUk; gy ,irf;fUtpfis thrpg;gu; mNjNtis xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,irf;fUtp
gy ,irf;fiyQu;fshy; thrpf;fg;gLk;. Xt;nthU my;gKk; gy ghl;Lf;fis
nfhz;bUf;Fk; Mdhy;> xU ghl;L xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l my;gj;jpy; ,lk;ngwkhl;lhJ.
Xt;nthU ghlYk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ,irf; fiyQu;fshy; NkilNaw;wg;gLk;. xU
,irf;fiyQu; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ghly;fis NkilNaw;Wthu;. Xt;nthU my;gKk; rupahf
xU ,irf;fiyQiu nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis mtu; mjd; cUthf;FgtuhfTk;
,Ug;ghu;. xU ,irf;fiyQu; gy my;gq;fis cUthf;Fthu;.

09. njhluwh Kiwapy; ,aq;f tpUf;Fk; Bookheap vDk; Gj;jf epiyankhd;W jdJ
juTj; jsj;jpid tbtikf;FkhW ck;kplk; NfhhpAs;sJ.
,g; Gj;jfepiyak; jd;dplKs;s Gj;jfq;fis ntt;NtW ,lq;fspYs;s jdJ
fsQ;rparhiyfspy; itj;Jg; NgZfpwJ. Xt;nthU fsQ;rparhiyf;Fk; xU milahs
,yf;fk;, ,lj;jpd; ngah;, Kfthp kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vd;gd cz;L.
,j;jfty;fSk; fsQ;rparhiyapy; cs;s Gj;jf tpguq;fshd ISBN ,yf;fk;, ngah;,
ntspapl;l Mz;L, tpiy MfpaitAk; juTj; jsj;jpy; Nrkpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,g; Gj;jfepiyaj;jpy; thbf;ifahsh;fspd; tpguq;fshd thbf;ifahsh; ngah;, Kfthp,
kpd;dQ;ry;, njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vd;gdTk; Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xUthbf;ifahsh;
,iza %ykhfjhd; thq;f tpUk;Gk; Gj;jfq;fis njhpT nra;Ak; NghJ mit mjpYs;s
nfhs;tdTf; $ilapy; (Shopping cart) Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ. xUnfhs;tdTf; $ilapy; xd;W
my;yJ gy Gj;jfq;fs; ,Uf;fyhk;. nfhs;tdTf; $ilapd; milahs ,yf;fj;ijf;
nfhz;L mjpYs;s Gj;jfq;fSf;F gw;Wr;rPl;L gpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Fwpj;j xU Gj;jfk; vOjg;gl;l vOj;jhsh;fspd; tpguq;fshd vOj;jhsh; ,yf;fk;,
vOj;jhsh; ngah;, Kfthp vd;gdTk; mg;Gj;jfj;ij ntspapl;l epWtdq;fshd
ntspaPll ; hsh;fspd; ngah;, Kfthp, njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vd;gitAk; mj; juTj;
jsj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Fwpj;j xU Gj;jfk; xd;W my;yJ gy
vOj;jhsh;fspdhy; vOjg;gl;L xU ntspaPl;lhshpdhy; ntspaplg;gLk;. xU vOj;jhsh; gy
Gj;jfq;fis vOjyhk;. mNjNghy; xU ntspaPll ; hshpdhy; gy Gj;jfq;fs;
ntspaplg;glyhk;. AuthorId, PubId, ISBN, CartId, CustId, StoreId vd;git KiwNa
vOj;jhsh;, ntspaPll ; hsh;, Gj;jfk;, nfhs;tdTf; $il, thbf;ifahsh;, fsQ;rparhiy
vd;gtw;iw jdpj;Jtkhf ,dq;fhzg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYs;s tptuq;fisf;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L ,g; Gj;jfepiyaj;jpd; juTj; jstbtikg;gpw;Fhpa ER thpg;glj;jpid
tiuf. vLNfhs;fs; VJk; ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iwAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

A.M.JAHAN 0773536566 Way to the “A”

10. Sun Builders vDk; fl;llq;fs;, tPLfs; mikf;Fk; epWtdnkhd;W gy jpl;lq;fis
(projects) xU Neuj;jpy; nraw;gLj;JfpwJ. gadhsp (client) xUthpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f
mth;fs; tpUk;Gk; fl;llq;fis mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwJ. xU gadhsp xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
jpl;lq;fisf; Nfhuyhk;. Mdhy; Fwpj;j xU jpl;lk; xU gadhspia kl;Lk; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk;.
,jw;fhf me;epWtdk; xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; Ntiyahl;fis Ntiyf;fkh;j;JfpwJ. Fwpj;j
xU jpl;lj;jpy; xd;W my;yJ xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Ntiyahl;fs; Ntiy nra;th;. xU
Ntiyahs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l jpl;lj;jpy; Ntiy nra;a KbAk;.
xU jpl;lj;jpy; gy %yg;nghUl;fs; (item) gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. (c-k;: cUf;Ff; fk;gpfs;,
rPnke;J, kzy; ….). ,k; %yg;nghUl;fs; ntt;NtW jpl;lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gy tif %yg;nghUl;fis toq;f ,e; epWtdj;jpw;F gy toq;Fdh;fs;
(suppliers) nraw;gLfpwhh;fs;. xU toq;Fdh; gytif %yg;nghUl;fis toq;Fk;
mNjNtis Fwpj;j xU %yg;nghUs; xU toq;Fduhy; kl;LNk tpepNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,e;epWtdk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tpguq;fis njhlh;Gepiyj; juTj;jsnkhd;wpy; Nrkpf;f
tpUk;GfpwJ. ,jw;fhf gadhspapd; ngah;, Kfthp, njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vd;gtw;iwAk;
Ntiyahl;fspd; ngah;, Fwpj;j xU jpl;lj;jpy; mth; Ntiy nra;j Neuk; vd;gtw;iwAk;
jpl;lj;jpd; ngah;, mJ mike;j ,lk; vd;gtw;iwAk; %yg;nghUl;fspd; ngah;, msT
vd;gtw;iwAk; toq;Fdh;fspd; ngah;, Kfthp, njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vd;gtw;iwAk;
Nrkpj;Jg; Ngz tpUk;GfpwJ.
NkYs;s tpguq;fisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L ,e; epWtdj;jpd; juTj; js tbtikg;gpw;Fhpa
cs;nghUs; njhlh;Gilik (ER) thpg;glj;jpid tiuf. cq;fs; vy;yh vLNfhs;fisAk;
njspthff; Fwpg;gpLf.

A.M.JAHAN 0773536566 Way to the “A”