Total quality management usually refers to the principle that every member of a company must

be committed to their works in order to maintain a high standard and continuous improvement.
The process eliminates errors in each and every step of a work that is being carried out and
overall reduces the total cost that would have been incurred if any production output was
defective. Total quality management (TQM) is measured as a very important factor for the long-
term success of an organization and the implementation has been an important aspect for
improving organizational efficiency. It is also counted as a catalyst for a firm’s success. Quality
management in every step leads to lower costs as defects are reduced.

The capability of organizing a firm’s resources which will have an effect on the output is defined
as total quality management. (Amit and Schoemaker, 1993). TQM as justified in management
process and concepts are evolved in specific areas and also grabs attention n (Bou-Llusar et. al.,
2009; Molina et. al., 2007; Yeung et. al., 2006; Nair, 2006). Flynn et al., (1995) states that higher
intensity of TQM leads to improved quality performance. Reed et al, (1996) said the contents of
TQM depends on two business orientations i.e. customer orientation and process orientation. If
the firm emphasizes on customer orientation, they will focus on gaining customer’s attention and
thus improve quality. According to Ittner and Larcker, (1996) TQM attains customer satisfaction
and thus results in gaining profits as well as the revenues.

TQM is done by:

1. Team work and coordination of team work

2. Better working environment
3. A leader but not a dictator
4. Division of labors
5. Well equipped machineries
6. Suppliers who are committed to quality
7. Training to the workers to eliminate queries and fear of task change