Module 10:

HAZARDOUS WASTES
 any substance that, because of its quantity,
concentration, or physical, chemical or
infectious characteristics may cause, or
significantly contribute to, an increase in
mortality; or cause an increase in serious
irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness;
or pose a substantial present or potential
hazard to human health and the environment
when improperly treated, stored, transported,
or disposed of, or otherwise managed.

Definition
 contains one or more of the criteria pollutants
identified and listed
 possesses at least one of the following
characteristics:
 Flammability
 Reactivity
 Corrosivity
 Reactivity

Definition
 Flammable
 liquids with flash points below 60C
 materials that are easily ignited and burn
vigorously and persistently

 Corrosive
 materials in aqueous solutions having pH values
outside the range 2.0 to 12.5
 materials that exhibit corrosivity to steel at a
rate greater than 6.35 mm per year

Definition
 Reactive
 unstable
 can form toxic fumes or can explode

 Toxic
 Bioconcentration
 LD50
 LC50
 Phytotoxicity

TCLP – Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

Definition
 Chemical Wastes
 Radioactive Wastes
 Biomedical Wastes

Types of Hazardous Wastes

 Attenuation
 Containment
 Extraction and Treatment

Hazardous Waste Management

 Activated Carbon Adsorption
 Distillation
 Biological Processes
 Neutralization
 Precipitation
 Incineration

High levels of removal: four 9s

Treatment of Hazardous Wastes

 Ocean Floor
 Deep Well Injection
 Land Spreading
 Landfilling

Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

 Measure
 roentgen
 roentgen equivalent man
 gray
 sievert

 Risks
 Involuntary Background Radiation
 Voluntary Radiation
 Involuntary Incidental Radiation
 Involuntary Radiation Exposure

Ionizing Radiation