@ ‘THERMAL/FLUIDS SYSTEMS DOCTORAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION FLUIDS MECHANICS ‘September 8, 2003 READ THE FOLLOWING CAREFULLY BEFORE STARTING This is a 3 1/2 hour, closed book exam. Only reference material given out with the exam is allowed. The exam includes 7 problems, and 5 of your questions will be graded. + You must work Problem 1 and Problem 2, + You may work any 3 of the remaining 5 problems. 3. Tum in solutions for only 5 problems. In the event you turn in more than problems, the extra problems at the end of the exam package you turn in will be removed. 4, Inad jon to correctness, your answers will be judged for maturity and completeness. Show clearly any assumptions you make in order to complete a problem solution, and clearly explain your methodology. 5. Other: + Start each problem on a new page. + Write on only one side of the paper. + Put the last four digits of your student ID number on each page. (Do not put your name on any of the exam pages). e- Put the exam in order before turning it in6 1. (required). Oil (SG = 0.72) flows through the angled nozzle shown below. ‘The inlet of the nozzle is 3.5 cm in diameter and the exit is 2.5 cm in diameter. ‘The pressure at the inlet of the nozzle is P, = 9.4 kPa gage, and the velocity at the exit of the nozzle is 5 mis. 1, Verify that the given pressure at the inlet of the nozzle is reasonable (note ‘any assumptions made in this analysis). , What is the horizontal force on the nozzle? 2 Que ch s ase a2. (required) Consider longitudinal flow of a liquid between two fat walls a distance Hapart.. The flow is fully established and does not depend on the x-coordinate. ‘There is a longitudinal pressure gradient dP/dx that drives the longitudinal flow. Both walls are porous and from the lower wall a uniform flow of fluid exits at velocity vy = 1. Find the y-direction velocity, vy profile. 2, Write down the differential equation and boundary conditions that govern the Jongitudinal velocity vs 3, Introduce nondimensional variables and parameters into the problem 4, Solve for the nondimensional v, profile.@ conser ania as mpusy ghena csi Vainet2 8. The mtn fi fui see pte utc panda te sede oovig exon ale eu FF subject othe flowing inal and boundary conditions: 1167.0) =O [intial condi 14(0,) =U {no-slip condition at wall) Geos {far field condition] Since the low is invariant i the x-direction, this problem has a similarity solution of the form: £=souv)= Fen) “Write the equation of motion and the corresponding initial and boundary conditions given above in terms of 9 and F(n). Then integrate the resulting equation to find F(r). e NOTE: ef(n)vec moet tattle Using the von Karman momentum integral equation (given below), show that 84.198 and show that the skin fietion coefficient is 0.685 Re () weer Revise srumise sistance Reynolds number, ‘NOTE: The ven Karman momentum integral equation is (© is momentum thickness, tois the wall shear stress, and 8s the displacement thickness) 4 iy) .50% Suis suZ-8,5. Aoylindrical tank with a flat bottom holds aliquid. The maximum deflection of the bottom 5 is a function of tank diameter D, liquid height H, bottom metal thickness 4, fluid specific weight y= weight / unit volume, and the metal modulus of elasticity E ~M/(LT’). Experiments will be done on a 1/5 scale model of the tank to determine if the deflection is excessive. What is a possible nondimensional form to display the test results,‘The exhaust nozzle at the top of a compressed air tank is opened to release the air as shown in the schematic (a) below. The pressure in the tank is 250 kPa (gage) and the temperature is 300 K. The extemal airs at standard atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 295 K. The nozzle is a converging nozzle with a fninimum area at the exit, with an exit diameter of 4.5 mm, a. What is the exit velocity and mass flow rate? (Note any assumptions made in your analysis.) ». A diverging section is added to the exit as shown in schematic (b). Ifthe diverging section increases the exit area by a factor of 4.0, how much does the mass flow change? tit I tay ()7.10 the drinking water dispenser shown below, water flows from the container through the valve and jets up from the end of the pipe. The pipe is 1/2 inch inside diameter galvanized iron with an absolute surface roughness of 5 x 10" inches and all fittings are threaded. Entrance losses where the pipe enters the bottom of the container may be neglected. Determine the required loss coefficient Ki for the valve to produce a "jet" of water 3 inches high at the pipe exit. Properties of water: p = 62.4 Ibm/ft’, H=2.7x10° Thf-sift Units conversion factor: 1 Ibf=32.2 Ibm-fuls’.Cc Basic Equations in Rectangular, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates ‘Table C1 The Byun of Coninalsysoecdl £324] seeseyfst varual +r gua eimipong muna esnoeeduoy 6D EL m8te [oontey om T v0APPENOTE A. uetcopie Flow Table (7 = 1)entropic Flow mir, Ala we 2RER COREE SEES 355ain. Transton range | Ff «eal mio «68, m0) 4 w 10! 10! . we 0 ne-8D FIGURE 8.20 _ Friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness for round pipes—the Moody “ from Ref.7 with permission.)TABLE 8.2 (] tos cout or ripe Components (t= 5.4) cata tom Ret 51,29 Component Ki . Bows Regular 90°, flanged 03 > 13 ag >} 07 t Leng rds 69% flanged a3 Regular 45°, threaded o4 oS oo “TAX 1. 80 return bends 180° retum bend, flanged OF ~ 180" cur eevee 1B ) Tees Line flow, flanged 02 Line flow; thesded o3 Branch flow, flanged 10 ~ > Branch ow: tuceded 20 a a vet = J 0. Uno, threaded os = =, ve Vas an hb, fly open 0 fag lope 2 Ga fly pea das Gate, } closed 0.26 Gate, } closed 21 ae | doves “ Sein hee, oreard ow 2 : Suing chek backward flow 5 Bulatve: ily open os Ball valve, } closed 55 Ball valve, § closed 210 ————— ‘SeeTig. 6 for ypel vale pooneny ®