Practice Pxercises ‘The starved problems are difficult and involve more work or deeper thinking. For exercises 1 10 7, negate each of the following expressions or statements 1. (x > Oandx < Norx 2.x > Wand (x 0. 8. Give the contrapositive of the following statements, (Since the contrapositives are equivalent to the statements, they say the same thing.) (a) IAB = AC in SABC, then Z (b) Ifa function is differentiable, then ZC in SABC. is continuous, then limi (x) + g(x) =a +6. {61 tm F() = a and tm gta) = (4) Its? + bx +e =0, then x 9. Compute the following sets fa) ({x, y, 2} U fae, z}) \ tue, v, w}. (Here u,v, w, x,y,z are distinct objects.) (D) 11,21 13,41 x 5. () ZNO AON ie? + Ln EN) (@) me N:50 its <9 mds 14, Define functions fg :R > Rby f(x) = i 2x. For f and g, determine if each is injective or surjective, Compute fo g and go f. 15, ())Letf : A B bea function, Show that there isa function g : B > A such that go f = Ja and fog = In, then f isa bijection. (Comment: Such ag is f~'.) (ii) Show that iff: A > B and h : B— C are bijections, then ho f A+ C isa bijection, 16, Let A, B be subsets of R and f : A > B bea function, If for every b € B, the horizontal line y = b intersects the graph of f at most once, then show that f is injective. IF tat most once" is replaced by “at least once”, what an be said about f°? For cach of the sets in exercises 17 to 26, determine if itis countable oF uncountable: 17, intervals (a, b) and fa, b], where we assume a < bi 18. Qx (R\Q) sietV2yixveNk 21. the set C of all lines in R passing through the origin: 22. D=teeR:x8+x4+2€ 01 23. the set F ofall circles in R with centers at rational coordinate points and positive rational radius 24, the set F = fa: x* +ax —5=0 has a rational root 25, the set G = fa‘ +b* : a € X,b € Y}, where X is a nonempty countable subet of Rand ¥ is an uncountable subet of i: 26. the set M = (X\ YUM \ X), where X is a countable set and! ¥ is an uncountable set. (Remark: The set (X\ YUM \.X) is called the symmetric difference of X and ¥ and is usually denoted by X AY. This concept Will appear in other algebra andl analysis courses later.) 21, Show that the set F of all finite subsets of Nis countable. 28, IF S is a countable subset of IR°, show that for any two points x, y € R? \ S, there is a parallelogram in R? \ having x, y as opposite vertices. Here parallelogram means only the 4 edges (including the 4 vertices, but not including any interior point), 6"29. From Ko = [0, 1], remove the middle thirds to get Ky = 10, 1]\(4, & [0, $]U[&, 1]. Then remove the middle thirds ofthe 2 subintervals of Ky to get K> = 10, $1 ULZ, $1U [2 21 [5. Il. Inductively, remove the middle thirds of the 2" subintervals of K, to get Kyat. The set K = Ko 1 Ky 1 Ky Ks M+ is called the Cantor set Prove that K is uncountable, (Hint: Consider base 3 representations, i representations of the form a a ay (aiaras.. ds = 3+ 3 . B where each a; = 0, 1 or 2. What do the base 3 representations of numbers in K,, have in common’! Note some numbers have 2 representations, €.g, + = (.1000,...)3 and (,0222...)3.} 31. 32. #33, }. For each of the following series, determine if it converges or diverges. " 1 I 1 (a) cos(sint) Germees) 3 eee : 1 e (i Em (1 + *) (ind sum) ws (5 a 2) x Ink sie OL O2@ we k+2(2\' ce coski ©fG) OE os ke OR ke)! Atoms sate an ear 5 pp (Compare wna pss ean (se 7 1 ton 3 wat (42) (0) 3 (1 cost) (compare witha p-sies) eh k a x 7 1 . (0) 5 #sin” (i) (depends on p) EC WkFT- vB Let a) > a> > ay > ... > 0. Prove that 3 a converges if and only if $ 2ax converges. (This is called gt Cauchy's condensation test.) Use ths test to determine | & —— converges, il ul 2; kinklndin ech 4 i ‘ Show that 3 SE >= 3+ 5 + 3h be eomerges and find the sum. (Hine: Compare the same seies with index from 1 0 6.) (Probabilistic interpretation: the sum is the expected number of births to get babies of both sex. The probability Dd of the k-th birt finally resulted in babies of both sex 18 => el Let pp be the n-th prime number, ie. py = 2, p2 = +. Show that 3 7 diverges, (int Suppose itconvergestos. Then the partial sum sshaslimits.asn — 90,Soforsomen,s—m = 3 < 5.Let 0 prpa~-Pr Show: yoni ep +mo.0a 8 ro E(E,5) For every positive integer N, which will lead to a contradiction.) 2For exercises 34 to 36, use definitions, Archimedean principle, density of rationals, density of rationals, ete. to support your reasonings. 34, For cach of the following sets, if itis bounded above, give an upper bound and find its supremum with proof. If itis bounded below, give a lower bound and find its infimum with prot () A=(Vm+ Jarmnem () B Coomu fa cnen| 1 oc {i+ men} @ D=ON0, v2) 35, Let A and B be nonempty subsets of R, which are bounded above, Let S=by:x€AyeB) and T=|x—y:xe Ave Bh Must S or 7 be bounded above? Give a proof if you think the answer is "yes" o give a counterexample if you think the answer is ‘no! 36, Let A and B be nonempty subsets of R, which are bounded above, Let Cabety:re Ayes) Show that C is bounded above and supC = sup A + sup B. (Hint: I supC < sup A + sup B, then consider (sup A + sup B — sup C)/2. Apply supremum property to get a contradiction.) 37, Lot wy = “5, ten (w,} should converge to 0. Forgiven € > 0, show there isa positive integer K such that ifm > K; then |w,, — 0 < e. Ite = 0.1, give one such positive integer K 38, Let be postiveand g, = EL* Pal Show that {ax} converges to § by the squeeze limit theorem SsHanineti geen (Here | is the greatest integer less than or equal to y.) + [nel 39, Show that if is a real number, then there is a sequence of rational numbers converging to x , then show that im |ay| = [A]. (Hint: Show |[x| —ly|] 0 for all n 1 and {ap} is a Cauchy sequence, then show that { ya} 18 also a Cauchy sequence by checking the definition of Cauchy sequence. 48. Let Ko, write fy = LEDER a Daa the 50. IF [4a is bounded and all its convergent subsequences have the same limit.x, then prove tha fim 51, Let 5 = 2" mE Njand f IN > S is injective, Show that tim. f(w) =0 0, Prove that lim a, = 0. #52, Let {ay} be a sequence satistying lim (ayy — #53. Let [xq] be a sequence 0 ing, (i ~ 4-2) = O. Prove that #54, Let {4») be a sequence and let yy = Oand yp = 2p + 2%» for n = 2, 3,4... TF [yq] converges, prove that (¢) also converges. 55. For a sequence {a,} of nonzero numbers, we say the infinite product | | a, converges to a nonzero number L (or has value L) im ayaa~--ay = L. We say it diverges i the limit is of does not exist. Determine if each of the following infinite products converges or diverges. Find the values ofthe infinite products that converge © TC seen) © fee) © Tia @ [Ja +2?) forte <1 Remarks: In Aposto’s book, the folowing theorem i proved: In the ease every ax 2 0, we have f [AU +n, [Yet 20, 3 os at omerg oral diverge. Ty todo the above exer witout using thi theorem 56, Prove that every bounded infinite subset of has an accumulation point. (This is also often called the Bolgano- Weierstrass theorem.’37, 58, 5Y, Sl 82. 83, 85. *66, Lat f (0,409) Rb dina by f(3) =. Stow tain (0) = 4 by chosing the dinon Define f:R > Rby foo ={® Mx is rational, = ]ox?48. if is irrational For which xp, does Jim f(x) exist? (Hint: Sequential limit theorem.) It f= > is continuous and f(x) = 0 for every rational number x, show that f(x) = 0 forall x. |. (a) Find all functions f : Q > R such that f(x + y) = fo) + FO) forall x, y € Q. (b) Kind al strictly inereasing tunctions f : K— K such that (x+y) = fe) + £09) forall x, y He For a function f : K > I, we say f has a local (or relative) maximum at xp if there exists an open interval (a, b) containing xp such that f(x) < f(x9) for every x € (a,b). Similarly, we say f has a local (or relative) _minimum at xy if there exists an open interval (c,d) containing x; such that f(x) = f(x) for every x € (c,d). If f : 8 — His continuous and has a local maximum or a local minimum at every real number, show that f is a sonstant function, If f(x) = x4, then f(f(e)) = x”. Istherea continuous function g : [=1, 1] + [=1, 1] such that g(@(x) For all x €[=1, 1]? Hint: I'such a function g exists, then itis injective.) A fixed point of a function f is a number w such that f(w) = w. Show that if f : 10, 1l > 10, I1is continuous, then f has at least one fixed point. (Hint: Consider g(x) = f(x) ~ x.) Let f :10,1] + 10, 1] be an increasing function (perhaps discontinuous). Suppose 0 < f(0) and f() < 1, show that f has atleast one fixed point. (Hint: Sketch the graph of f and consider the set ft € [0,1] :t < fh Does it have a supremum?) Let f : K > IK be a continuous function such that | (x) ~ f(y) > |x — y| forall x, y € H. Show that f is, bijective. (Hint: Easy to show f is injective. To show / is surjective, let w € and M = |w — /(0)|, show that wand /(0) are between f(—M) and f(M).) Let f : 10,1] > (0, +90) be continuous and M = sup{ f(x) : x € 10, 11). Show that sia ({soores) = if the limit exists. (Hint: M = f(4o). For every k € N, use the sign preserving property to show that 81, 98, 99, 70, J (0) — | = f(&) < M onan interval containing x9. Squeeze the integral.) Find he devas oft actions a) = [#8 and 0) = es Let f': > H be differentiable at ¢ andy = lag, byl be such that fy 2 Ip 2 fy 2+ and Alay, bal = teh Prove that if ay < by forall € N, then fe) = Him LO)= feo Let f(x) = [x|$ for every x € R, Show that f € C“(R), However, f(0) does not exist Let f : R R satisfies | f(a) — ((b)| < a — BI? for every a,b € R, Show that f is a constant function, If the exponent 2 in the inequality is replaced by a number greater than 1, must f be a constant function? If 2 is replaced by 1, must f be a constant function? 651 nD. Let n be a positive integer and f(x) = (x! — 1)", Show that the n-th derivative of f has» distinet roots. Let f :[0, 00) + R be continuous and (0) = 0.1 f'(e) = f(x) for every x > 0, then show that f(x) < 0 for avery x € [0 00). (Hint: Whatit f"(x) = F(X)? 1 73. If f : (0, +00) > RR is differentiable and |f"(x)| < 2 for all x > 0, then show that the sequence x, = A) onverges, Also, show lim f(x) exist, (Hint: Check {4} 18 a Cauchy sequence, For the second part, consider the Sequential Kimit theorem and the remarks following it.) 14, ForO << %, roe tha non) E be continuous and f (0) = 0. If |f"(x)] < [f(@)| for every x > 0, show that f(x) = 0 for every x € [0, 00). (Hint: Let |f| has maximum value M on [0, 4]. Apply the mean value theorem to f on [0, +].) 76. Let f : R > R be differentiable. If f’ is differentiable at x9, show that (Xo +A) + FA) ~ 2F 0) " lim Leos FS 20) f(x) a ¥ 77. Prove that if 0.< @ < 3, then 2 ee 1-5 s00s0 21-545 (Hint: Apply Taylor's theorem to the four times differentiable function cos4.) 78, Let f : (0, +90) — Rbetwice differentiable, My = sup{|f(x)I : x > 0} < 00, My = supl|f'x)|:x > 0} < 00 and Mz = sup{ |G): > 0} < 00. Show that MM? <4MoMz. (Hint: Let h > 0. Apply Taylors theorem to F(x) with x = c + 2A, then solve for f'(c).) 79, (a) It f : (a,b) > Risdiffereniable and | f"(x)| < 2 forall x € (a,b), then show that f isuniformly continuous. 1 {b) Show that f ; (0, +90) + I defined by f(x) = sin — is not uniformly continuous. 80, (a) Prove that if the union ofa collection of open intervals contains [a,b], then there are finitely many ofthese intervals, whose union also contains [a,b]. (Hint: Suppose this is false, Let m, = (a + b)/2. Then one of [a, my] oF [1), b] 1s not contained in the union of finitely many of these open tervals, Proceed as in the proof of the Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, {b) Give proof ofthe uniform continuity theorem using part (a). » 81, If f is continuous on [a,b], f(x) > 0 for all x € [a,b] and [ f(x) dx = 0, then prove that f(x) = 0 for all x € la.b1 82. Let f : |a,d| be a bounded function and a IR be bounded and {x € a, b| : f is discontinuous at x} (1,42, -.-)%nl, Where x) < x2 < + < Xp. Use the integral criterion to show that f is integrable on a, 6], (Hint: Divide la, b] into subintervals where f is continuous except at one endpoint and note part (i) of problem above.) 6684, (i) Let f,g : [a,b] > R be bounded and P isa partition of fa, 6). Show that L(G, P) + Lig, P) SLU +8, P) SUS +8, P) SUT, P) + UL, P), (ii) If f and g are integrable on Ja, b|, show that [ue+eanar= [soars ["eorae. (Hint: First show RHS ~¢ < L(f, P) + L(g, P) < L(f +g, P) for some P using supremum property.) 85. Determine it each of the followig improper integrals exists oF not fa) te to [sins as [ cs fs wfs © fxn [ae 86, Find the principal value of each of the following integrals if it exists 10 2 ev. [Sav wen f S 87. Prove that for 0 < x < 90, the improper integral P(x) = f°! * dt exists, This is called the gamma fimretion. (Hint: Consider the cases x € (0,1) and x € [1 00) separately.) Past Exam Problems 88. Define the following terms: a) Sis a countably infinite set (b) S isa countable set (©) aseries Fay converges to a number S (@) anonempty subset $ of fis bounded above {e) the supremum of a subset 5 of K that is bounded above (1) a sequence fx») converges to a number x (2) a sequence {x5} is a Cauchy sequence (h) «is an accumulation point of a set S (i) FS Khasa limit L at xe @ FS Ris continuous at xy € S (the e-8 definition} 89. For each ofthe following seis S, determine if tis countable of uncountable. Be sure to give reasons to support ‘Osi isthe set al intersection points (x,y) ofthe line y = 37x withthe graphsof all equations y = x3 4-4, » wih al imersetion pons (, ofthe graph of y = 14 1 witha ines HR men,a1 (@ S=[a+bER: [al EM,b¢ Q), where M is a uncountable subset of the positive real numbers. () S=la+beW: lal M,b € U}, where M isa countable subset of the positive real numbers. atby2 S=Qv2) .bcdeQ, c+dv2 40 © s=ava= [Ta R, slate the definition of /(x) converges to L {or has limit 1.) as x tends to xp in {by Let fs (1,3) > B be defined by f() = x7 + 1, Prove that im, /(2) = 3 by checking the definition, (©) Let f: (1.4) + B be defined by f(s) = x? —9 Prove tha Tim f() = 5 by checking the definition, If fg : 0, 1) —> Rare increasing functions, show that hr) = max(/(x), g(x) has countably many jumps on the interval (0, 1). Give an example ofa function f= > K that is continuous at x € 2, but discontinuous at every x ¢ Z. Be sure to give reasons to support your example, {a) State the intermediate value theorem, (b)Let f : 10,2] -* Kbecontinuousand /(0) = f'(2). Show that thereexistse € [0, I] such that f(c) = f(e-+1). {c) Show that there is a nonzero continuous function g : Ik > K such that e(t) + (21) + 9(31) = 9t4t) + 2(50, for every 1 ¢ R, (Hint: Try g(t) = |e" for some constant r.) (a) Show that the set T= {x : sin € Q) is countable, (Hint: For a fixed rational r, how many solutions of sin.x = r are there in the interval [kx kor + 2)? (b)IE f 10, 1] + Bis continuous and sin f(x) ¢ G for every x [0, 1], then show that f isa constant function. ‘Show that thereis no continuous function f : R > Rsuch that for every © € R, f(x) = chas exactly 2 solutions ‘Suppose f : R > Risa funetion such that f(x +) = f(x)+ f(y) forevery x, y € Rand |f(x)] < x°/|x1 for every x #0. (a) Show that f is continuous at some x € I, (b) Show that f is continuous at every x € R. {€) Give an example of such a function, Suppose fg : 1, 2| + 13,4] are continuous functions and also {g(x) : x € [1,21 = 13,41. 8 © € [1,21 such that F(c) = atc). Let f : R > R be continuous such that | f(x) ~ f(9)| < $]x~ yl forevery.x, y €R. (a) Let w € R. Define x; = w and xn41 = f(s) form € N. Show that (x,} isa Cauchy sequence. (Hint: How is X441 — x4] compared (0 [x2 — x41?) (b) Show that there is x € & such that f(x) Give an example of a function f : (0,2) + B that is differentiable for every x € (0,2), but f'() is not continuous atx = 1, Be sure to give reasons to support your example Let f : (0,2) > R satisfies /TF(@) = FON < sin a — b| for every a, b € (0,7). Show that f is a constant function, (a) State the mean value theorem. (b) For the function f(x) = sinx, find the smallest constant K such that | f(b) ~ f(a)| < K|b— al holds for every a,b ER If f :R - Bis differentiable and lim "(x) exists, then show that f” is continuous at 0, n122, 123. 124, 128. 126, 127 128, 129. 131 132 133. Use the mean value theorem to prove that f(x) = sin 5x is uniformly continuous. Prove that if f : R > (0, +00) is uniformly continuous, then the function g(x) = v/f(x) is also uniformly ontinnions. (a) State Lebesgue’s theorem. {b) Let fg : 10,2] > [0,1] be Riemann integrable. Prove that the function h ; [0,2] — [0,1] defined by cui Fa) ifxe (0.1) is Riemann integrat HOD = 1 gcc) ix € [1,2] Riemann integrable If f.g : [0,1] + R are Riemann integrable, show that the function h(x) = min( f(x), g(x) is Riemann integrable on [0, 1). For every positive integer m, give an example of a Riemann integrable function f, : [0,1] — [0, 1] such that lim, Ja(x) exists for every x [0 1], bat the fetion f(x) = lim. f(x) snot Riemann integrable on 10,1} Be sure to give reasons (o support your example, (a) Determine if the improper integral Hf dx exists oF not conte V+ tm 3 (een ite incite BN.” S35 a oxitsornt {¢) Determine ifthe improper integral i = dx exists of nol. ‘ {@) Determine if the principal value ty L : z dx exists oF not (e»Determine if the proper integral sins eis or not Uo derini be pile [savas or (2002.L1 Midterm) Let f(x) = x? +3. Determine if the set $ = { f(w + 2): w € 10, 110, 2 € [2,31\ OF has an infimum and a supremum. If they exis, find them and give reasons fo support your answers, (2002 1 Midterm) Determine if each ofthe series eG and (cos (in ) converges or diverges. (2002 L1 Midterm) Let § be the set of all Iines Zon the coordinate plane such that L. passes through two distinct points in ( x @ and T be the set ofall points, each of which is the intersection of a pair of distinct lines in S. Determine if T is a countable set or not, (2002.1 Midterm) Given, # —1 forall & N. Hf fim xy = 0, then show that fim +" O by checking the definition of limit, (2002 L1 Midterm) Given {1} converges to w € Hand x, < w forall n € NN, For every n € N, let ntl espe kent Show that {yj} converges to w. (2002 12 Midterm) Let f(r) = sins. Determine ifthe set $ = | fw) — 2: we (24) Q.n en} has an infimum anda supretaum. If hey exist find them and give reasons to support your answes, n1M. 138. 136, 138. 139, 140, 1a 142 143. 14. 148. 146, (2002 L2 Midterm Determine if each of the series Cet aE Lt converges or diverges. (2002 1.2 Midterm) Let $ be the set ofall citcles on the coordinate plane that pass through (1, 1) and another point (x¥/2, xv/2) for some x € Q. Determine if $ is a countable set or not. (2002 L2 Midterm) Given x5 # 1 forall € N. IF fim = 0, then show that lim we ET by checking the Aefinition of tii (2002 L2 Midterm) Given (x,} converges to w € Rand xy > w for all n € N. For every n € N, let Show that { yg] converges tow. (2002 L3 Midterm) Let f(x, 2 + y* Determine if S = { f(1+ (-1)", w) 2m EN, w €[1, V2) \ Qf has. an infimum and a supremum. If they exist, find them and give reasons to support your answers. 2 x! (20023 Miter) Determine each of the series 3 and B (2+ D sink converges or diverges 1 (2002 L3 Midterm) Let sy = Vand s,y1 = 5/22 +485 fon = lumit of la} .2,3,..-. Show that (15) converges. Find the (2002 L3 Midterm) Let § be the set of all ordered paits (p, C), where p = (x, y) € @ x Q and C is the circle with center p and radius [xy| + 1. Determine if Sis a countable set oF not (2002.3 Midterm) If fim, x» = 1, then show that fim (33 — 1) = by checking the definition of limit, (2002 L3 Midterm) Let {1} be a bounded sequence of real numbers. Let 5 = {ws there exist infinitely many m © such that w < xy) {a) Show that $ is nonempty and bounded above, (b) Show that {x} has at least one subsequence (x, } converging t0 s = sup S. eae (2004 L1 Midterm) Find (with proof all positive numbers b such thatthe series 5 (b ++)‘ converges, (2004 L1 Midterm) Let A be a nonempty countable subset of Ik. Let S= :8€R, sindeA) and T=(0:0ER, sind ¢ Al. Determine (with proof) if each of the sets $ and T’is countable or uncountable, (2004 L.1 Midterm) Show that the sequence [x given by td ne wet = 24 orn = 1,2,3, fain ts a sonverges and find its limit, 3147. 148, 149, 151 152 153 154, 158. 157. 158. 159, 161 2004 L1 Midterm) IF xp 3 —1 for all m and im. —* (2004 L1 Midterm) If xe # all mand jim, 5 then prove that lim x, = 1 by checking the Aefinition of limit (2004 LI Midterm) Let $ ¢ 10, 2], T = {cosa + cos? b a,b € S} and U = then find th infimum of U with proot sine: ¢ © S). IesupT (2004 L2 Midterm) Let S be the set of all intersection points (x,y) € IR? of the graphs of the equations x2 my? = Land mx? + y? = 1, where m € Z\{=1, 1}. Determine if $ is countable or uncountable. Provide a proof of your answer, (2004 12 Midterm) Let x; = 9 and tq = 224+" Tumut of (9}- for n = 1,2,3,.... Prove that {x4} converges. Find the (2004 L2 Midterm) Let a; > 0 for k= 1, such thatthe series Oa «and, 3 a; converges. Determine all positive real number & converges, Be sure to give a proof of your answers. (2004 L2 Midterm) Prove thatit Jim 24 the definition of limit 1S and fim x2¢+1 = 046, then the sequence lim x3 = Oby checking (2004 12 Midterin) Let 1 be a nonempty sel. For every ¢ € 7, let Ay be a nonempty subset of 10, 1]. Let 4X; = sup Ay. Prove that if A =| J A,, then sup A = supfx, : t € /}. cos3x dx exists or not x A (2002 Final) Prove that there does not exist any continuous function f : R > R such that f(f(x)) +x =0 for averyx eR, (2002 Final) Determine ifthe improper integral if I (2002 Final) Let {x} be a Cauchy sequence of real numbers, Prove that {sin 5x,] is also a Cauchy sequence by checking the definition of a Cauchy sequence. (2002 Final) Let f, 2 : 10,21 + be Riemann integrable, Prove that h : 10,21 > K detined by max( f(x), g(x)) if.x € 10, 1) wo Fle) gG)) ifs € (1.2) is also Riemann integrable on |0, 2 cos(1/) 1k (2003 Final) Let A be a nonempty subset of such that inf A = 0 and sup A = 1. Determine the infimum and supremum of $= (a? =4a+1:a eA}. 2 1 (2008 Final Determine (vith proof) iFeach of & sin'(I-+ 7) and converges oF not (2003 Final) Let P be a countable set of points in I2?. Prove that there exists a circle C with the origin as center and positive radius such that every point of the circle C 1s not in P. (Note points inside the cwele do not belong to the circle.) (2003 Final) Let f = — lu, vl be a function and w € . For every r > 0, let MO) = suplf() :0< |r w) R be uniformly continuous. Prove that g : R > R defined by g(x) = also uniformly continuous. (2003 Final) Let f : [0,1] - [-1,1] be Riemann integrable. Using the integral criterion, prove that gi) = i @ n ° =es ' is also Riemann integrable on (0, 1] (2004 Fina) Determine whe the improper integral [Sax comserge oot wa (2004 Final) Let f : RB — R be an increasing function and g : R > P be a decreasing function. Prove that ‘F(8)g(x) is discontinuous for only countably many x € R. 0 tree (2004 Final) Let f(x) -| dail I/n_ifx = m/n for m,n € N with no common prime factor Prove that there exists a Riemann integrable funetion g : (0, 1] —> [0, 1] such that the composition function 0 F 10,11 > 10, 1 is not Riemann integrable on [0, 1) (2004 Final) Let f : (0, +90) — satisfy | f(x) — f(9)| < |sin(x2) — sin(y*)] for all. x, y > 0. Prove that the sequence x1, 2,3, .. given By x, = f(1/n) is @ Cauchy sequence, (2005 Spring Final) Determine the supremum of § =, fi a xe @,31\Q}. (2005 Spring Final) Prove thatthe function f : R > B defined by f(x) = the ¢-5 definition of a function continuous a a point +3x Peg i continuous at 2 by checking (2005 Spring Final) Let x, > O form = 1,2,3,.... If Lia} is a Cauchy sequence, then prove that fe") is a Cauchy sequence by checking the definition of a Cauchy sequence. (2005 Spring Final} (a) Let § [0, 11, IFS is a set of measure 0, then prove that T = [x : x € Sh is a set of measure 0 (by Let f : [0,1] + (0, 1] be integrable. Prove that it : (0, 1] + {0, 1] defined by (x) = f(x) is integrable (Caution: In general itis false that f integrable and g continuous on [a, b] imply h = fog integrable on [a,b].) (2008 Pall Exam, Version 1) (@) Determine with proof it = 2 Ean COMeTBES OF not (b) Let ay # =I fork = 1,2,3,. (2005 Fall Exam, Version 1) Define x1 =4 and x14 sonverges and find its limit, 4 = form = 1,2,3,.... Prove that x1,.19,%%, (2005 Fall Exam, Version 1) Let A be a nonempty bounded subset of lt such that sup A = 1 and int A = 0. Let S={x-yv2ixe A, yel-22). 75175. 176. 17. 178. 179. 180, 181 182 183. Determine the supremum and infimum of $ with proof. (2005 Fall Exam, Version 1) I fim, = 2, im by = 3 and all by # ~2, them prove that fim, + a checking the definition of limit. “ = GW)! (2005 Fall Exam, Version 2) (a) Determine with proof, PAY converges ornot cosa (b) Leteosa, # 0 fork 1.2.3. --an a comers, Determine with proott # —"*—comerssorat xf+5 8 (2005 Fall Exam, Version 2) Define x) = 1 and X41 sonverges and find its limit, form =1,2,3,.... Prove that x1.22.235- (2005 Fall Exam, Version 2) Let A be a nonempty bounded subset of R such that sup A = 6 and inf A = . Let ayixe A ye[S.I) Determine the supremum and infimum of S with proof (2005 Fall Exam, Version 2) IF fim dy = 1 and allay n, then prove that tim, =" — 1 by checking the Aefinition of limit (2006 Spring Exam)(a) Let f : § + K be a function and x9 be an accumulation point of S. State the definition of f(x) converges to a real number L as.x tends (0.x. (byLet f : (0.5, +00) -> Rbe defined by f(x) (+ 2. Provethat tim 74) = V2by ceckingthe dent nl” Gey (2006 Spring Exam) Define ay = 1 and day for n = 1,2,3,..-. Prove that fim, exists in i (2006 Spring Exam) Let a, b € R with a < band f : [a,b] > R be continuous. Also, let f(x) be differentiable for all x € (a, 6). Prove that if the graph of f is not a line segment, then there exist numbers x; and x2 in the open interval (a, b) such that $0)~ Ha) sey K be continuous, If there exists a sequence of numbers x). 4,285.05 € 10, 11 such that 2(%,) = F(ta41) forn = 1, 2,3,...5 them prove that there exists w € 10, 1] such that ¢(w) Fw), ution Be caretul, x», converges does not imply Xp, 1 converges !! 6