Framing octets (A1, A2)�

"These octets allow the receiver to find the start of the SONET/SDH frame".
The A1 octet is 1111 0110 (hex 0xf6), whereas the,A2 octet is 0010 1000 (hex 0x28).
the A1 octet will be found in row 1, columns 1 to N (where N is the SONET level).
The A2 octet will be found in
row 1, columns N + 1 to 2N.

Section trace (J0)�

"This octet allows two connected sections to verify that the connection is still
alive and still connected to the right terminations".
The J0 octet isused to repetitively transmit either a 1-octet fixed length string
or a 16-octet message so that a receiving terminal in a section can verify its
continued connection to the intended transmitter.