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    Gov BD BNBC 2006 06 04

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    Part 6 Structural Design 5424 525 5.3 5134 513.2 $1232 Cylinders for strength test shal be moulded and laboratory cured in accordance with "Practice for Making ard Caring Concrete Test Specimens in the Field’ (ASIM Cl) and ested in accordance with Test ‘Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens® (ASTM C35). $.12.3.3 Strength level of an individual class of concrete shall be considered satisfactory if both of the following requirements are met: a) Average of three consecutive strength tests (see Sec 5.1.2.4) equals or exceeds 'b) No individual strength test (average of two cylinders) falls below {f, by more than 351 /mm? 5123.4 Leither ofthe requirements of Sec 51233 are not mat, steps shall be taken to increase the average of the subsequent strength lest result. Requirements of Sec 3423 shall be satisfied i tne requirement of SecB12890) isnot met "a Elza The engineerin rengt ests of cylinders cured under field conditions to check a "4.1 The engineer may require strength tests of cylinders ler field conditions to check adequa ‘of cuting and protection of concrete in the structure. geet 5.42.4.2 Field cured cylinders shall be cured under field conditions in acoordance with "Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field” (ASTM C31). 5.12.43 Field cured test cylinders shall be moulded atthe same time and from the same samples as laboratory ured test cylinders 5.12.44 Procedures for protecting and curing concrete shall be improved when the strength of field cured cylinders atthe test age designated for determination of f: is less than 85 per cent of that of companion laboratory cured cylinders. The 85 per cent limitation shall not apply if field cured strength exceeds f; by ‘more than 35N/mmé Investigation of Low Strength Test Results 5.125.1 If the result of any strength test (Sec 5.12.24) of laboratory cured cylinders falls below the specified value of f; by more than3.5 N/mm? (Sec 5.123.300) or if tests of field cured cylinders indicate deficiencies in protection and curing (Ser 5.12.44), steps shall be taken to assure thatthe load cazzying capacity ofthe Structure isnot jeopardize 5.12.5.2 If the likelihood of low strength concrete is confirmed and computations indicate that load carrying capacity may have been significantly reduced, tests of cores dalled from tne area in question may be Fequ ineondance with Method of Onin and Testing Died Cores and Saved Bear of Concrete (hoTM Ca2) In such cases, three cores shall be faken foreach strength test more than 35 N/mm! below the specified value of f 5.12.53 Uf concrete in the structure is expected fo be dry under service conditions, cores shall be air dred for 7 dayssbefore test and shall be tested dry Tf concrete in the structure is expected to be more than superficially ‘wet under service conditions, cores shall be immersed in water fora leas 40 hours and be tested wel 5425.4 Concrete in an area represented by core tests shall be considered structurally adequate if the average of three cores i equal to atleast 85 per cent of and if no single core is less than 75 per cent of f:. ‘Additional testing of cores extracted from locations represented by erratic core strength results shall be permite $.12.5.5 If the criteria of Sec 5.12.54 above are not met, and if structural adequacy remains in doubt, the responsible authority may order load tests for the questionable portion of the structure, or take other appropriate action. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE Strength Strength of concrete shall be based on f determined in accordance withthe provisions of Sec 5.12.1. Modulus of Elasticity 5.13.2.1 Modulus of elasticity E, for stone aggregate concrete may be taken as 44 w,15 4/fe (N/mm?) for values of w, between 15 and 25 kN/m? and f’ in N/mm?, For normal density concrete, E, may be taken as 4700,/fe- 5:13.22 Modulus of elasticity E, forbrik aggregate concrete may be taken as 3750 YF wise 513.3 5134 Chapter 5 Concrete Material Creep ‘The final (30 year) creep strain in concrete €,- shall be predicted from eg = HESS eae Le (5.13.1) where yi the modulus of elasticity of the concrete at the age of loading t, «8 the creep coefficient. ‘The creep coefficient may be estimated from Fig 6.51. In this figure, for uniform sections, the effective section thickness is defined as twice the cross-sectional area divided by the exposed perimeter. If drying is prevented by imunersion in water or by sealing, the effective section thickness shall be taken as 600 mm. It can be assumed that about 40%, 60% and 80% of the final creep develops during the first month, 6 months and 30 months under load respectively, when concrete is exposed to conditions of constant relative humidity. 30 year cre coetcient for ‘roar uacoee an tiectve Socton twas etoonue soa a pa J aoe bgt 230 Ambient Relative Himicty, Per Cent Fig. 6.5.1 Effects of Relative Humidity, Age of Loading and Section Thickness Upon Creep Factor 700 Shrinkage An etna ofthe drying svinkageof plan concrete may bg obaine from Fig 652 Recommendations for ‘tlective section thickness and elabivehumity are given it Sec 513.3 Fig 6.5.2 relates to concrete of normal workability made without water reducing admixtures; such concretes shall have an original water content of about 190 I/m?. Where concrete is known to have a different water content, shrinkage shall be regarded as proportional to water content within the range 150 //m to 230 ‘The shrinkage of plain concrete is primarily dependent on the relative humidity of the air surrounding the concrete, the surface area from which moisture ean be lost relative to the volume of concrete and on the mix Proportion. It is increased slightly by carbonation and self desiccation and reduced by prolonged curing. Bangladesh National Building Code 6-135 Part 6 Structural Design 5.135 30 year © mou sirinkage x 10° shrinkage X 10 oan atactve for an elective fection tenness sect tmesness ‘ond of outdoor inal of [360 | 300-[e00 | __seeewe _Ts5Ta00 | 600 T 200 1 | 39° I of * 1 1 % i I 7 380} a09. +280 oe ‘ ; 0 Fe 2007 oo I i . 200-4 T Ts 30 250 i I os 200 % 100 200 180 ' ' sao i I » 10 ' & 0 ars. a Raat liin ® 1 +00 ae 0 1 td » a | ca 12s} 5 | T 1 ototo 1) _semege tL ototo 1] Seateg [| ! | 1 \ | 200 +-200-} 200 | [| 90-10 m0 2030 40 60807080 90 100 Ambient Relative Humidity, Per Cent Fig. 6.5.2 Drying Shrinkage of Normal-Welght Concrete An estimate of the shrinkage of symmetrically reinforced concrete sections may be obtained from : tae T+Kp where 4, is the shrinkage of the plain concrete; 1p _isthe area of steel relative to that of the concrete; K is a coefficient, taken as 25 for internal exposure and as 15 for external exposure. ‘Thermal Strains ‘Thermal strains shall be calculated from the product of a suitable coefficient of thermal expansion and a temperature change, The temperature change can be determined from the expected service contions and climatic data. Externally exposed concrete does not respond immediately to air temperature change, and Climatic temperature ranges may require adjustment before use in movement calculations. ‘The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is dependent mainly on the expansion coefficients for the aggregate and the cement paste, and the degree of saturation of the concrete. The thermal expansion of aggregate is related to mineralogical composition See Table 6.5.7) ese Chapter 5 Concrete Material Table 6.5.7 ‘Thermal Expansion of Rock Group and Related Concrete “Aggresate Type Gx 0FO) “Typical Coefficient of Expansion A Toncrete. Flint, quartzite TT TZ Granite, basalt Zz 10 Limestone 6 5 Cement paste has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is a function of moisture conten, and this affects the concrete expansion as shown in. Fig 653. ft may be seen that partially dry concrete has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is approximately 2510°/6C greater than the coefficient for saturated concrete ery artany a ay Sonwetea 20 Normal ered ets apeogate fof Thermal Expansion X 1 wo Taiecves Coneroe Limestone aaureaete é r r r x ° » a ca ny 00 ‘Ambient Relative Humidity, Per Cont Fig. 6.5.3 Effect of Dryness upon the Coefficient of Thermal Expasion of Hardened Cement and Concrete 5.14. CONCRETING IN ADVERSE WEATHER 5.14.1 Concreting shall be avoided during periods of near freezing weather. 51142 During hot weather, proper attention shal be given o ingredients, production metheus, handling, placing, protection, and curing to prevent excessive concrete temperatures or water evaporation that could impait required strength or serviceability of the member or structure. 5; [Dig tay went ar olen Wa We vp hn cig ad sea ae eg rie a er relent bang ee Bangladesh National Building Code 6-137 Part 6 Structural Design. 55 5.15.1 5152 5153 5.154 newly placed concrete shall be protected from rain after forming proper construction joint for future continuation, SURFACE FINISH ‘Type of Finish Avwride variety of finishes can be produced. Surface cast against forms may be left as cast, e.g. plain or profiled the initial surface may be Femoved, eg, by tooling or sandblasting, or the concrete may be covered, &g, by paint or tiles; combinations of these techniques may also be adapted, eg. a ribbed profile with bush hammered ribs, Upper surfaces not cast against forms may be trowelled smooth or profiled, eg. by tamping; the initial surface may be removed, e.g. By spraying , or t may be covered, e.g, by a screed or plastic floor finish. When selecting the type of finish, consideration shall be given to the ‘east of producing. a finish of the required standard, the viewing distance and the change of appearance with time. In the ease of external surfaces, account shall be taken of the weather pattern at the particular location, any impurities in the alt and the effect of the shape ofthe structure upon the flow of water across its surface. Such considerations will, bften preclude the specification of surfaces of uniform colour as these are very difficult to produce and deteriorate with time, particularly if exposed to the weather. Pens Sc a ngeas cate cede GaN aap ads Soest cures Bea ete ee eyes See tment! ee ee eee eee ee ate ee a ‘There is no method whereby the quality of finish that will be accepted can unequivocally be defined. To achieve the quality required calls for good communication between experienced personnel conversant with the production of finishes and close collaboration with the site. The quality of finish ean be identified in the following very broad terms: 8) Class 2 applies to surfaces that are to be exposed to view but where appearance is not critical; such surfaces might be the walls of fire escape stairs or plant rooms and columns and beams of structures that are normally viewed in the shade, eg. ear parks and warehouses, b) Class 1 is appropriate to most surfaces exposed to view including the external walls of industria, ‘commercial and domestic bullaings, = ei 2) Special classi appropriate tothe highest standards of appearance, such as might be found in prestigious Poicinge were pecwbne bjedlircenencoacetes protest Soa ‘These broad descriptions may be amplified by written descriptions of the method of finish, by photographs, b Samples on by retcience woneing seuctes, i Ree ‘Type of Surface Finish Sith ofthe form and board marked thes are not recommended for extemal ase, but where they are Specified for interior use the following types ma nance esigners and contractor ers should appreciate that tis Virtually impossible to achieve dense, flat, smooth, even coloured Bei re conte araces dec for the form work, Some degre f making god is ineviable, even vwith precast wor *) Type A finish: This finish sobaine by the us of property designed fermurork or moulds of timber plywood pass, concrete or ste. Small blemishes cause by entrapped ar or water may be expected, ut the surface should be free from voids, honeycombing or other blemishes. b) Type B finish : This finish can only be obtained by the use of high quality concrete and formwork. The concrete shall be thoroughly compacted and all surfaces shall be true, with clean arises. Only very minor surface blemishes shall occur, with no staining, or discoloration from the release agent. ©) Type finish Ths finish is obtained by fst producing a type B finish. The surface is then improved chehaly removing al fins and other projecions, thotoughly washing down, and then filing the most ‘oftceable: surface blemishes wth » cement and fine aggregate paste fo match the colour of the orginal Concrete. The release agent should be eaefully chosen to ensure. thatthe concrete surface will not be Siained of discoloured: After the concrete has been properly cured, the face shall be rubbed down, where necessary to produce a smooth and even surface Production ‘The quallty of a surface depends on the constituents and proportions of the concrete mix, the efficiency of inixing, the handling and compaction ofthe concrete and if curing. The characteristics ofthe formwork and the rekcase agent may also be of critical importance, Requirements thay bestaed for ary aspect of production {hat might contribute towards the achievement ofthe requires type of quality of finish. oss 555 5.15.6 5.16 5.16. 5.16.2 5.163 Chapter 5 Concrete Material Een Ia ees Gnd prec aga geet acoa OAM tepid ai i ee ee ee ea Se ar geal cat aes aca yn eal ities ea eee eens a eeien ee Si led TN dea ee ee eee en Voids can be filled with fine mortar, preferably incorporating styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or polyvinyl acetate (PVA), while the concrete is still green or when it has hardened. Fine cracks can be filled by wiping 2 ‘cement grout, an SBR, PVA or latex emulsion, « cement/SBR or acement/PVA slurry across them. Fins and ther projections shall be rubbed dawn. Protection High quality surface finishes are susceptible to damage during subsequent construction operations and Fe eee ee eee eet include the tapping oats to arises and the prevention of ist bang cari rom expose starter bar To FORMWORK Design of Formwork 5.16.1-1 Forms shall result ina final structure that conforms to shapes, lines, and dimensions of the members as required by the design drawings and specifications. 5.16.1.2. Forms shall be substantial and sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of morta. 5.16.1.3 Forms shall be properly braced or tied together to maintain position and shape. 5.16.1.4 Forms and their supports shall be designed so as not to damage previously placed structure 5.16:1.5 Design of formwork shall include consideration ofthe following factors: a) Rate and method of placing concrete; b) Construction Joads, including vertical, horizontal and impact loads; Special form requirements for construction of shells, folded plates, domes, architectural concrete, or similar types of elements. 5.16.1.6 Forms for prestressed concrete members shall be designed and constructed to permit movement ofthe ‘member without damage during application of prestressing force. Removal of Forms and Shores 516.2.1 No construction. loads shall be supported on, nor any shoring removed from, any part of the Siruchire under construction except when that portion ofthe structure in combination with remaining forming and shoring system has sulficient strength to support safely its weight and loads placed thereon, 5.16.22 Sufficient strength shall be demonstrated by structural analysis considering proposed loads strength of forming and shoring system, and concrete strength data. Structural analysis and concrete strength test data shal be furnished to the engineer when so requir 5.16.2.3. No construction loads exceeding the combinations of superimposed dead load plus specified live load shall be supported on any unshored portion of the structure under construction, unless analysis indicates adequate strength to support such additional loads. 5.16.24 Forms shall be removed in such a manner as not to impair safety and serviceability ofthe structure. Alll concrete to be exposed by form removal shall have sufficient strength not to be damaged thereby. $562.5 Forms supporting prestressed concrete mergers shall aot ie removed unl suficent prestressing has been applied to enable prestressed members to carry their dead load and anticipated construction loads. Conduits and Pipes Embedded in Concrete S461 Conduit pipes and sleeves of any materials not harm fo concrete ad within the Hmitatons Specified herein shall Be permitted tobe embedded in concrete with the approval of the engineer, provided they are not considered 0 replace structurally the displaced concrete. 5.16.3.2 Conduits and pipes of aluminium shall not be embedded in structural concrete unless effectively ‘coated or covered to prevent aluminium concrete reaction or electrolytic action between alurniniura and ste. 5.16.3.3 Conduits, pipes, an strength of the construction. leeves passing through a slab, wall, or beam shall not impair significantly the Bangladesh National Building Code 6-139 Part 6 Structural Design 5.16.4 317 Bara 5172 573 5.6.3.4 Conduits and pipes, with their fitings, embedded within a column shall not displace more than 4 per cent ofthe area of closssection on which strength is calculated or which is required for fire protection. £:16,5 Except when drawings for conduits and pipes ae approved by the exginser, condts and pipes Exabedlded win a also, wall beam (ater than tobe merely fussing though) shall salisgyihe flower 1a) They shall not be larger in outside dimension than 4 the overall thickness of slab, wall, or beamn in which they ar embedded 1b) They shall not space clover that dlamaters ce widths ont ante ) They shall ot impair significantly the strength ofthe construction. 5163.6 Conduits, pipes and sleeves shall be permitted to be considered as replacing structurally in compression the displaced concrete provided: re 1a) They are not exposed to rusting or other deterioration. b) They have nominal inside diameter not over 50mm and are spaced not les than 3 diameters on centres. 5.16.37 Pipes and fittings shal be designed to resist effects of the material, pressure, and temperature to tehich they wil be subjected a : 5.16.3.8 No liquid, gas, or vapour, except water not exceeding 30°C nor 0.3 N/mm* pressure, shall be placed iiihe pipes uf thconcrete fas stan te design stengthe® 2 B 5.16.3.9 In solid slabs, piping, unless itis for radiant heating, shall be placed between the top and bottom reinforcements. 5.16310 Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall be not less than 40 mm for concrete exposed to arth or weather, nor 20 mm for conerete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground. 5.63.11 Reinforcement with an area not less than 0.002 times the area of concrete section shall be provided normal to piping. 5.16.12 Piping and conduit shall beso fabricated and installed that cutting, bending, or displacement of Tednforcement will not be required reece Construction Joints 5.16.4.1 Surface of concrete construction joints shall be cleaned and laitance removed. 5.15.42 Immediately before new concrete is placed, all construction joints shall be wetted and standing Water remov 5.6.4.3 Construction joints shall be so made and located as not to impair the strength of the structure. Provision ‘shall be made for transfer of shear and other forces through construction joints. See See 6133.15(). 5.16.4.4 Construction joints in floors shall be located within the middle third of spans of slabs, beams and glcders. Joints in girders shall be offset a minimum distance of two times Uhe width of intersecting beams 5.16.45 Beams, girders or slabs supported by columns or walls shall not be cast or erected until concrete in thecolumns or alls sno longer plate. 5:16.46 Beams, geders, launches, drop panes and capitals shal be placed monolithically as part of slab System unless othervine showin in the design cravings Or specifications SHOTCRETE oe enraged ae ee en pce epee Ney ace tras wacias ee ee ee Se Ge ee Proportions and Materials Shoterete proportions shall be such that suitable placement is ensured using the delivery equipment selected, ‘nd shal feu in finished in pace hardened shoeete meeting te strength sequtements of Chapter 6 Aggregate h (Coarse aggregate i used, shall not exceed 20 mm in size. iso 5.174 5175 5176 577 5178 5179 5.17.10 5174. Chapter 5 Concrete Material Reinforcement ‘The maximum size of reinforcement shall be 16 mm @ bars unless it can be demonstrated by preconstruction, tests that adequate embedment of larger bars can be achieved. When 16 mun 6 or smaller bars are used, there shall be a minimum clearance of 60 mm between parallel reinforcing. bars. When bars larger than 16 mm 9 ate permite, there shall bea minimum clearance between paralle! ars equal to six diameters of the bars ‘used. When two curtains of steel are provided, the curtain nearest the nozzle shall have a spacing equal to 12, bar diameters and the remaining curtain shall have a minimum spacing of 6 bar diameters. Lap splices in reinforcing bar shall be by the noncontact lap gplice method with atleast §0 mm clearance between bars. The engineer may permit the use of contact lap splices when necessary for the support of the reinforcement provided itanbe demonstrated by ‘means f prechsiructon tsi that adequte emibedment Of the bars at the splice can be achieved and provided further that the splices are placed ao that the plane Containing the centres of the two spliced bars s perpendicular to the surface ofthe shoterete work, Shoterete shall not be applied to spirally tied columns. Preconstruction Tests ‘When required by the engineer a test panel shall be shot, cured, cored or sawn, examined andl tested prior to commencement of the project. The sample panel shall be representative of the project and simulate job conaitions as clesely as posible. The panel thickness and enforcing hall eprodce the thickest and the ‘most congested area specified in the structural design. It shall be shot at the same angle, from a similar distance, using the same nozzleman and with the same concrete mix design that willbe used on the project Rebound ‘rebound or accumulated loose aggregate shall be removed from the surfaces tobe covered prior to Plating he iil oeanysuccading jes ahtese, Rebound shill not be ewsed a aggregates Joints Eceop wher permite, nfihad rk shal not allowed to stand for mor than 30 nates res a gs ave sloped to-a thin edge. Before placing additional material adjacent fo previously applied wot ‘loping and square edges shal be cleaned and wetted. tee ent Damage An in-place shoterete which exhibits sags or sloughs, segregation, honeycombing, sand pockets or other ‘obvious dofects shall be removed and replaced. cme Curing During the curing periods, shotcret shall be maintained above 5°C and in moist condition, In initial cui shoterete shall be kept continuously moist for 24 hours after placement ts complete. Final curing shall continue fr seven dye afer fo hrs days high ery stength cement uted, oun the Specie strengths obtained Fal usig hall const fa fg spray onan approved moitre raining ver or membrane, In sections of a depth it excess of 00 mn, talcuring shal be the same as that for initia curing. Stent fo shotrete shallbe made Srengih test fr shotcrete shall be made by an approved agency on specimens which are representative ofthe work and which have been water soaked for at least 2 hours prior to testing, When the maximum size epee ager than 10m specimens sl Const of nee an thece 73min, ater cone on. cubes" When the maximum size aggregates 10mm or smaller, specimens shall const of not es than three 50 trim diameter cores or 30 ma cubes Specimens shall be taken th accordance with one ofthe following: a) From the work: taken atleast one from each shift ut not less than one for each 20 m? of shotcrete: 'b) From test panels: taken not less than once each shift nor less than one for each 20 mn of shoterete placed When te ania si aggregates larger han 10, he et pane shal have arn on of 450 mum by 450 mm. When the maximum size agaregate is 10 mum or smaller, the test panels shall have a sunimum diroion of 30) men by 300 mi. Far stl be gunn dhe same positon a the work da the course of the work and By the same nozzlemen doing the work. The condition under which the panel are cured shal be the same a the work. ‘The average strength of three cores froma single panel shall be equal to or exceed 0.85f; with no single core less than 0.75f2. The average strength of three cubes taken from a single panel must equal or exceed fz with ‘no individual cube less than 0.88/2. To check testing accuracy, locations represented by erratic core strengths may be retested, Inppections 5.17-11.1 Inspection During Placement : When shoterete is used for columns and beams, a special inspector i required. The special inspector shall provide continuous inspection to the placement of the reinforcement and shotcreting and shall submit & statement indicating compliance withthe plans and specifications, Bangladesh National Building Code oat Part 6 Structural Design 5.17.12 5.7.11.2 Visual Examination for Structural Soundness of In-place Shoterete : Completed shotcrete ‘work shall be checked visually for reinforeing bar embedment, voids, rock pocket, sand streaks and similar deficiencies by examining a minimum of three 75 mm cores taken from three areas chosen by the engineer which resent the worst congestion of reinforcing, bars occurring in the project. Extra reinforcing bars may be acdded wo noncongested areas and cores may be taken from these ares. The cores shall be examined by the Special inspector and a report submitted tothe engineer prior to final approval of the shoterete, Equipment ‘The equipment used in construction testing hallbe the same equipment used in the work requiring such testing ies substitute equipment i approved by theengincer. ln J Related Appendix | Appendix A Conversion of Expressions from SI to FPS Units oz CHAPTER © Ultimate Strength Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures 64 64a ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS, Convention and Notation coo. 3 Sinfessothereise explicit stated, the following units shall be implicit fr the corresponding quantities in esign and other expressions provided in this chapter Avene ma Second moments of area mom Force (exial, shear) N foment, torsion Nam Stress, strength Niue 6114 Notation ‘f= gross srea ofsection f= spected conipresive strength of concrete Jy = specied yield strength of sieet UL = required strength to resist factored load or related internal moments and forces # = strength reduction factor General 6.1.2.1 Members shall be designed for adequate strength in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, using load factors specified in Sec 27.5.1 and strength reduction factors ¢ in Sec 614 6-143 Structural Design Part 6 Structural Design 613 62 624 6.12.2. Design of reinforced concrete members using Working Stress Design method (Chapter 7) i also permit 61.23 Stroctures and structural members shall be designed to have design strength at all sections at leat {sql to the required strengt (li) calculated forthe factored loads and forces in such combinations as ase Stlpulated in Chapter 2, Lords. The nominal strength provided forthe section multiplied by the strength reduction factor @ shallbe equal or greater than the calculated requined strength U 6.12.4 Members shall also meet all the other requirements of this Code to ensure adequate performance at service loads. 6125. Yield strength ofeinorcementf, shall not be taken more than 550'N/mm Loading. ‘Loads and their combinations shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in Chapter 2, Loads. Design Strength 6.144 Design strength provided by a member, and its connections to other members, in terms of flexure, ‘axial load, shear, and torsion, shall be taken as the nominal strength calculated in accordance with the requirements and assumptions ofthis chapter, multiplied by a strength reduction factor @ 6.142 Strength reduction factor ¢ for different kinds of strength shall be as specified in Table 66.1, Table 6.6.1 Values of Strength Reduction Factor, ¢ ‘Axial compression with or without flexuret ‘Members with spiral reinforcement ‘members Shear and torsion Bearingon concrete T For low values of al compresion, Ue srengih reduction Toco shal be nevased in accordance wih the 6.14.3 Caleulation of development length specified in Sec8.2 does not require strength reduction factor. 6.1.4.4 In regions of high seismic risk, strength reduction factors shall be as given above except for the following: 3) Except for determining the shear strength of ints, the factor shall beO for members whse nominal sheaf strength is less than the shear corresponcling to the development of the nominal flexural strength. ‘The nominal flexural strength shall be determined considering the most critical factored axial loads including earthquake effects. Shear strength reduction factor for joints shall be 0.85. fi) If the transverse reinforcement does not conform to Sec 835, the strength reduction factor for axial compression and flexure shall be 0.5 for all frame members with factored axial compressive forces exceeding O.1Asf. [BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS Notation depth of equivalent recangular stress block as defined in Sec 62.37 effective tension area of concrete surrounding the flexural tension reinforcement and having the Same centroid as that of the reinforcement, divided by the number of bars. When the flexural reinforcement consist of different bar sizes the numberof bars or wires shall be computed as the {otal rf enforcement vided bythe ares of he lng bar wed rose area of section {otal azea of longitudinal reinforcement to resist torsion area of ension reinforcement area af compression reinforcement area of tension reinforcement corresponding to moment of resistance My area of additional tension stel frea of reinforcement required to balance the longitudinal compressive force in the overhanging portion of the Dang ofa P-beam Cory Chapter 6 Ultimate Strength Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures area of skin reinforcement per unit hoight in a side face area of one leg ofa closed stirrup resisting torsion within a distance » area of shear reinforcement within a distance + ‘width of compression face of member ; U ‘width of that part of cross-section containing the closed stirrups resisting torsion web width, oF diameter of circular section distance from extreme compression fibre to neutral axis ft tg sara tea es prope = 7 ge ere eas ca era Sal cae eee aia ee ee econ paid oe Co ey circle Sale eeu aaa Reet planet aiearr em Sree es oe biped ties eae a ele recrerk wnpretael eres OR order eran pe NE ee Se cis apieieg eaiacerat Bese pau ane Ss oh cheae dot uth cep rare Sera Great ea cee Eee Gea oe Sere pee tao a 5 Bay ae eral vy coe es th etc pes te Largs pote erate ete Sue es cere oe Lm ‘maximum moment at section due to externally applied loads ‘nominal flexural strength factored moment at section axial load normal to cross-section occurring simultaneously with Vy; to be taken as positive for ‘compression, negative for tension and to include effects of tension due to creep and shrinkage spacing of shear or torsion reinforcement in direction parallel to longitudinal reinforcement ‘Grsional moment stength provided by concrete torsional moment stent torsional moment strength provided by torsion reinforcement torsional moment at section shear at section shear strength provided by concrete shear strength ‘nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab shorter overall dimension of rectangular part of conection shorter conlze lo centre dimension of closed rectangular stirrup longer overall dimension of rectangular part of cross-section longer centre to centre dimension of closed rectangular stirrup quantity limiting distribution of flexural reinforcement, see Bq (62.35) coefficient equal to (2++y,/)/3 but not more than 15 factor defined in See62.3.7 time-dependent factor for sustained load ratio of tension reinforcement = AJP tatio of compression reinforcement = A; bd reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain condition in a section, see Sec 62.4.1 _minimum ratio of tension reinforcement As/bod strength reduction factor. Bangladesh National Building Code 6-145 Part 6 Structural Design 622 623 624 Definitions 62241 Elfective Span of Simply Supported Beams : The effective span of a simply supported beam ‘hail be taken asthe smaller of the distance between the centres of bearings, or the cleat distance between supports pls te effective depth. 62.2.2 Effective Span of Continuous Besms If the width ofthe support is less than. qo the clear span, the efective span shall be as in Sec 62.21 above. Ifthe supports are wider than qf of the clear span 0 600 mm, whichever i ess, the effective span shal be as fellows: 2) Forend span with one end fixed and the other continuous or for intermediate spans, the effective span shall be the clear span between supports, and 5) For end span sith one end ree andthe other continuous, the effective. gpan shall ke equal othe clear span plus half the effective depth of the beam or the clear span plus half the width of the discontinuous support, whichever i less, In case of monolithic frames, the effective span shall be equal to the distance between intersections of the centre lines ofthe connecting members. 62.2.3 Effective Length of Cantilever : The effective length of a cantilever shall be taken as its length to the face ofthe support plus haf its effective depth except where it forms the end of a continuous beam where the length to the centre of the support shall be used. inate decane eas ee eee et nS Be ent Se Sore ae es ws ee a st ER On pee rear a a PS ee eer pee tied cece el rte mel te MON Paani ore Matar est iecnietenn er aren ranre st eresints Se ee eee ee na eae tines a ge eal EW Saito a Sa ae ac ee our eae 6.2.3.2 Strains in the steel and the concrete shall be assumed directly proportional to the distance from the neutral axis. 623.3 Maximum compressive strain inthe extreme compression fibre of concrete shall be assumed equal to 0.003. 4 . es 62.3.4 The stress in steel shall be the product of its strain and its modulus of elasticity, E,, until the steel reaches its yield strength, whereafter the stress in steel shall be taken as equal tof, 62.3.5 Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in calculations of axial and flexural strengths of reinforced concrete 62.3.6 The concrete stress block may be taken as any shape that can be justified by tests. 623.7 Requirements of Sec 62.3. above may be considered satisfied by an equivalent rectangular concrete Sizes disButon defied by the folowing. ee 4) Concrete stress of 0.85f; shall be assumed uniformly distributed over an equivalent compression zone bounded by edges ofthe cross-section and a straight line located parallel to the neutral axis at a distance x¢ from the fibre of maximum compressive strain. 2) Distanog rom fibre of maximum compressive strain to the neutral axis shall be measured in direction perpendicular to that axis «) Factor shal be calculated as fllows: fi =0.85-0.008(f;-20) and 0.65 6, <0.85. General Principles and Requirements 624.1 Balanced strain conditions exist at a cross-section when tension reinforcement reaches the strain corresponding to its specified yield strength f, just as concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain of 0.008. ise 62.5 Chapter 6 Ultimate Strength Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures 6.2.42 For flexural members and for members subject to combined flexure and axial load, the ratio of reinforcement p provided shall not exceed 0.75 ofthe ratio py that would produce balanced strain condition for the section. For members with compression reinforcement, the portion of py equalized by compression reinforcement need not be reduced by the 0.75 factor. 6.2.4.3 Compression reinforcement in conjunction with additional tension reinforcement may be used to Increase the stength of exural members. if 62.44 Spacing of lateral supports for a beam shall not exceed 50 times the least width b of compression ftp 0 ice it of inteal eccentichy of load shal be taken into account in determining spac of the lateral supports. Continuous Beams Continuous beams shall be analysed in accordance with Sec 6252 and designed and detailed to resist the moments and shear forces according to See 62 and 627, 6.2.5.1 Arrangement of Loads : The arrangement and combination of loads shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sec 1.4.2(a) 1.4.3(a),23.31 and 27.51. 6.2.5.2 Methods of Analysis 8) All members of continuous construction shall be designed for the maximum effects of factored loads as determined by the theory of elastic analysis, except as modified according to Sec 6.25.3. 'b)_Inliew of exact analysis, the approximate expressions piven in Table 6.62 for, moments and shears are permitted tobe used for design of continuous beams and one-way slabs, provided that i) thereare two or more spans, ii) spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not greater than the shorter Ue cesta et - se act ili) loads are uniformly distributed, fv) unit live oad doas not exceed 3 times the unit dead load, and vy) members are prismatic. Table 6.6.2 Approximate Moments and Shears in Continuous Beams Tire moment End spans Discontinuous end unrestrained 104 652/11 Discontinuous end integral with support oy 2/14 Interior span 1, £52/16 [Negative moment at exterior face of first interior support “Two spans 62/9 More than two spans wu e52/10 Negative moment at other faces of interior supports oy 2/1 Negative moment at face of all supports for slabs with spans not exceeding 3m and beams where rao of um of column sifines to beam stiftness exceeds eight at each end of the span wy bgP/12 Negative moment a interior face of exterior support for members built integrally with supports Where supports spandrel beam wa ba2/24 Where suppos isa column wy O2/G Shear in end members at face of frst interior support 11504 fn/2 Shear at face ofall other supports ty by/2 Bangladesh National Building Code 6107 Part 6 Structural Design 6253 Redistribution of Negative Moments £) “Except where approximate values for moments are used, negative moments calculated by elastic theory atthe supports of continuous flexural members for any assumed loading arrangement may be increased Ge decreased by not more than Boe 20(1-2=2 percent. { e ee 'b) The modified negative moments shall be used for calculation ofthe moments at sections within the spans. ©) Redistribution of negative moments shall be madi only when the section at which moment is reduced is $0 designed that P or PP’ is equal toor less than 0.50p5, where ee wan 7 626 Design for Flexure 62.6.1 Design of Rectangular Beams 8) Formula for: Sing rence ‘beams : The following equations which are based on the simplified stress block of Sec 6.237, are applicable to singly reinforced rectangular beams along with T-beams where the neutral axis lies within the flange. M, Fata (622) where Asfy as (623) By estimating an initial value of a, Eq (6.22) can be used to determine an approximate value of A,. That value can be substituted in Eq (6.2.3) to get a better estimate of @ and hence a new (d- 9/2) can be determined for substitution in Bq (62.2). 1) Design formulae for doubly reinforced beams: Compression stel (4)for a given beam is required when concrete alone cannot develop the required compression force. ‘The following formulae shall apply to doubly reinforced beams: My= Anfy(4-2?2) (624) Aah, Sree yet tr MyM, —My 625) (626) tA (6.2.7) provided both tension and compression steel are stressed tof, at failure. 2 Design of T-Beams General |) Effective width of T-beams : Width of slab effective as T-beam flange shall not exceed one-quarter ofthe span lngth ofthe beam, and the efective overhanging Hang width on each side ofthe web Shall not exceed eight times the slab thickness nor one-half the clear distance to the next web. was 627 Chapter 6 Ultimate Strength Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures ii) Effective width of L-beams : For beams with a slab on one side only, the effective overhanging flange width shall be the minimum of one-tweltth the span length of the beam, six times the sll thickness, and one-half the clear distance to the next web. ii) galt beams in which the T shapes used to provide a ange for additional compression area shall have a flange thickness not less than one-half the width of web and an effective flange width rot more than four times the width of web. 'b) Formulae for T-beams : A T-beam shall be treated as a rectangular beam if a nominal aval load carping capacty a given eccentricity PL = nominal axial load carrying capacity af zero eccentk Py, = actor ail load a given sctetscy = stability index ? Fads fgyrstion of crow-secion ofa compresion member By = factor defined in Sec 62337(0 iz = rao of maximum factored axial dead load to maximum total factored axial oad, where the load is

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