UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITEITSEKSAMENS. HVE4701 CctobariNovember 2013 HVE401E HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING IV (THEORY) Duration 3 Hours 100 Marks EXAMINERS FIRST MRE NAUDE SECOND MR NP BOKORO EXTERNAL DR C NYAMUPANGEDENGU Programmable pocket calculator Is permissible Closed book examination This examination question paper remains the property of the Unversity of South Africa and may not be removed from the examination venue This examination question paper consists of 4 pages including this cover page Answer all the questions te2 HVE4701/HVE401E OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2013 PLEASE NOTE: IF YOU HAVE THE OPINION THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED FOR YOU TO ANSWER A PARTICULAR QUESTION, MAKE A REALISTIC ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. SECTION 1: TRUE OR FALSE (2 marks each) Read through the following paragraphs and determine whether the statement is true or false Please note that if a statement is not FULLY true, it must be considered false 14 There are only two components L and C in an electncal circuit which store energy 12. The rate of generation of energy 1s equal to the rate of storage of energy plus the rate of energy consumption including losses 13 There are two components of voltage in a power system during transient penod namely fundamental frequency voltage and natural frequency voltage 14 The velocity of a wave 1s normally a litte less than the speed of light 15 In the case of wave travelling an open ended line, the electromagnetic energy stored by the element dx 1s given by Laxl2 16 The resistance of a transmission ine plays no role in the current following when a short circutt overhead line 1s considered 17 When an overhead line 1s connected to a cable and the impedance of the overhead line and cable are approximately 400 ohms and 40 ohms respectively, the voltage entering the cable will be about 40% of the incident voltage V 18 A S00KV 2 microseconds rectangular surge on a line having a surge impedance of 350 ohms approaches a station at which the concentrated earth capacitance is 3nF The maximum value of the transmitted wave 1s 85kV 19 The energy ina lightning stroke may be in the order of 250kWhr 110 Reather, a scientist, after thorough expenmental investigation, developed an empincal relation for the streamer spark cnterion of the form axc = 177 + Inxc + InEr/EO The terms EO stands for the radial field due to space change [TURN OVER] {20}3 HVE4701/HVE401E OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2013 SECTION 2: SHORT QUESTIONS: (EACH QUESTION IS WORTH 5 POINTS) 24 22 23 24 25 26 Name five properties of liquid dielectrics In cavity breakdown, name the processes that might lead to formation of bubbles in the liquids The following observations were made in an experiment for determination of dielectric strength of transformer oil For a gap spacing of 4, 6, 8, and 10 respectively, the breakdown voltages were 84kV, 130kV, 168kV and 215 kV Determine the power law equation Give 3 advantages and 2 disadvantages of the Van der Graaf generator Determine the specific heat generated in a test specimen due to dielectric losses at an electnc field of 40kV/cm at 50Hz if the dielectric constant and loss angle of the specimen are 4 0 and 0 008 respectively Sketch a neat diagram of the tigatron spark gap which 1s used as the first gap of the impulse generator and consists essentally of a three-electrode gap SECTION 3: LONG QUESTIONS 34 32 Bruce showed that for a field spark gap the breakdown voltage V of a gap of length S cm in air at 200C and 760 mm Hg pressure 1s very nearly given by the empincal relation V = 24 228 +6 08(S)°> (a) Bnefiy discuss three advantages of uniform field spark gaps (b) Bnefiy discuss three disadvantages of uniform field spark gaps (©) Determine the breakdown voltage for air gaps of 4mm and 18mm lengths under uniform field and standard atmosphenc conditions (@) Determine the voltage for the above gaps if the atmospheric pressure changes to 750 mm Hg and temperature of 330C High currents are used in power systems for many different applications These currents require special techniques for their measurements One of these methods 1s the Faraday generator or Magneto Optic method (a) Sketch a sketch of the Magneto Optical method (b) The angle of rotation 1s given by ©=aBi Explain what a, B and | stands for (©) Bnefly discuss three advantages of this method [TURN OVER] 6) 6) 6) 6) (5) 6) [30] (3) @) 2) @) 6) (3) 3)33 34 35 4 HVE4701/HVE401E OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2013 High voltage power cables are subjected to several tests Briefly discuss the following tests {a) Bending test {b) Loading cycle test (c) Thermal stability test (d) Life expectancy test (e) Dielectric thermal resistance tests 1) Sketch a schematic diagram of a typical test plant for testing of high voltage circutt breakers 1) Bnefly discuss the function and purpose of (a) The capacitors (b) Master orcutt breaker (c) Master switch (a) Resistors and reactors Sketch two neat diagram with subscripts of (a) the series resonance circuit with variable HT reactors and (b) the equivalent circutt of (a) above TOTAL: © UNISA 2013 (2) (2) (2) (2) (4) Q) (2) (2) (2) (3) (3) [50] 100