UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS. UNIVERSITEITSEKSAMENS UNISA la HVE4701 January/February 2014 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING IV (THEORY) Duration 3 Hours 400 Marks EXAMINERS « FIRST MR E NAUDE SECOND MR NP EOKORO EXTERNAL DR C NYAMUPANGEDENGU Programmable pocket calculator 1s permissible Closed book examination ‘This examination question paper remains the property of the University of South Africa and may not be removed from the examination venue. This examination question paper consists of 4 pages and 4 page Formulae Sheet ‘Answer all the questions2 HVE4701 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 PLEASE NOTE: IF YOU HAVE THE OPINION THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED FOR YOU TO ANSWER A PARTICULAR QUESTION, MAKE A REALISTIC ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. SECTION 1: TRUE OR FALSE Read through the following paragraphs and determine whether the statement is true orfalse Please note that if a statement is not FULLY true, it must be considered false 14 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 110 In the Stoke's relation, the symbol n stands for the viscosity of the liquid Interaction between the space charge and the electnc field gives nse to forces creating an eddy motion of liquid if tan 8 vanes and changes abruptly with the application of high voltage, it shows inception of intemal partial discharge In electromagnetc generators, current carrying conductors are moved against the electromagnetic forces acting upon them One of the advantages of a Van der Graaf generator is that it has a high current output In a senes resonant circuit, the presence of harmonics due to saturation of iron core of transformer may also result in resonance Third harmonic frequencies however, have been found not to be a problem in the circutt impulse generators are normally operated in conjunction with cathode ray oscillographs for measurement and for studying the effects of mpulse waves on the performance of the insulators of the equipment In a typical situation where an overhead line and a cable are connected, the voltage entering the cable is usually about 80% of the incident voltage The maximum charge on a cloud 1s of the order of 100 coulombs which 1s built up exponentially over a penod of perhaps many seconds or even minutes: Wilson's theory 1s based on the assumption that a large number of ions are present in the atmosphere (TURN OVER] (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) [20]3 HVE4701 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 ‘SECTION 2: SHORT QUESTIONS (EACH QUESTION IS WORTH 4 POINTS) 24 22 23 24 25 Name 4 processes that might lead to formation of bubbles in liquids If the surface charge density o for a Van der Graaf generator 1s given by 27 uCim2 calculate the current supplied by the generator if the belt 1s 100cm and the belt velocity 1s 11m/sec In order to obtain higher and higher impulse voltages, a single stage circutt is inconvenient for four reasons Give these reasons A peak reading voltmeter is required to measure voltage up to 132KV The peak voltmeter uses a RC ciroult, a microammeter and a capacitance Potential divider The potential divider has a ratio of 10001 and the micrometer van read up to 104A Determine the R and time constant value if the capacitor value is 0 68yF Name the four type tests cared out only once by the manufacturer to prove that the design of a capacitors complies with the design requirements SECTION 3: LONG QUESTIONS 31 (@) (b) (co) (a) (e) 32 (b) 33 34 (a) (b) (co) (a) With respect of the Townsend Breakdown Mechanism, answer the following questions Give the equation for the current at the anode if the voltage between the anode and cathode 1s increased Derive an equation under what condition the current will become infinite What limits the current from becoming infinite? Define the threshold sparking condition Discuss the three conditions that are possible with the equation that was denved in (b) above (a) Sketch a common form of resistance potential divider used for testing purposes where the wave front time of the wave less than (usec is Denvve a formula for the reflected wave in terms of the input resisters (Ry and R,) and the input voltage Name the three capacitance potential dividers regarding the measurement of, impulse voltages The following questions in (a) to (d) below are about a High Voltage Schering Bndge What is the normal input voltage of the bndge? ‘What is the continuous vanable output voltage range? ‘What are the maximum output current and the normal kVA rating? ‘Sketch and discuss the Schenng Bndge for measurement of high loss factor of the order of 10 [TURN OVER] (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) {20 (2) (4) (4) (2) (13) (3) ”) (3) (1) (1) (2) 6)4 HVE4701 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 (e) What changes must be made to the Bndge mentioned in (d) above to measure a loss factor of 10 and higher? 2) (f) A 44kV 50Hz HV Schenng Bndge 1s used to test a sample of insulation The various arms have the following parameters on balance The standard capacitance 1s 0 5nF, the resistance branch is 750Q and the branch with parallel combination of resistance and capaotance has values of 1500 and 400nF Determine the value of the capacitance of this sample, its parallel equivalent loss resistance, the pf and the power loss under these conditions. 6) 35 Define the following with reference to the ground wire of a transmission line (2) The protective angle (2) (b) The protective zone [80] TOTAL: 100 e Unie 2013, [TURN OVER]HVE4701 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING IV FORMULA SHEET I= Ie" K= ea(1+4) Vbmn = te K B= yr (vu, Jopt = Mopt - 2 Vous l= e&.E.bv Jc =0.E 1 2n VLC = ago| Yérnelen) Ec 4o|teenten) seein e Unisa 2013 cms = yén $ AV = ze" 3) Vo = 20 Vinex ra se(tla Spec. dielectric loss = o.E? W = @.CE*tan 5+ 0.E’