eH ‘The most prevalent neurological condition in the developed world, migraine is characterised by severe, recurrent headaches, with ‘additional symptoms including nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. The frequency and duration of migraine attacks are variable: attacks may occur a few times a year or several times per month, while pain may last between four hours and three days. Approximately one third of sufferers experience an aura - a perceptual disturbance occurring before the migraine’s onset. There are numerous theories on ‘the cause of migraines. The vascular theory posits that migraines are caused by problems with blood vessels in the brain. A more widely held view is that migraines result from low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Prophylactic drug treatment, which prevents the ‘onset of migraines, has declined in recent years, because of side effects and also improvements in medications treating an actual attack. Whereas older varieties of pain medication are potentially addictive, newer drugs called triptans work by reducing pain information traveling to the brain. Treatment plans typically include avoidance of known migraine triggers, such as diet, alcohol, and stress, as overuse of medication can lead to chronic "rebound headaches”. [Not only do migraines have a debilitating effect on sufferers, they are also bad for the economy, with an estimated 25 million days lost from work every year in the UK alone. Question 1 Which nwo ofthese ctatemants ave true? EL One third of migraines are preceded by a helghtened sensitivity to light El itis not possible to work when suffering froma migraine. o ‘ite act inn thereon tec ed Fl Prophylactic drug has side effect‘The most prevalent neurological condition in the developed world, migraine is characterised by severe, recurrent headaches, with ‘additional symptoms including nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. The frequency and duration of migraine attacks are variable: attacks may occur a few times a year or several times per month, while pain may last between four hours and three days. Approximately one third of sufferers experience an aura - a perceptual disturbance occurring before the migraine’s onset. There are numerous theories on ‘the cause of migraines. The vascular theory posits that migraines are caused by problems with blood vessels in the brain. A more widely held view is that migraines result from low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Prophylactic drug treatment, which prevents the ‘onset of migraines, has declined in recent years, because of side effects and also improvements in medications treating an actual attack. Whereas older varieties of pain medication are potentially addictive, newer drugs called triptans work by reducing pain information traveling to the brain. Treatment plans typically include avoidance of known migraine triggers, such as diet, alcohol, and stress, as overuse of medication can lead to chronic "rebound headaches”. [Not only do migraines have a debilitating effect on sufferers, they are also bad for the economy, with an estimated 25 million days lost from work every year in the UK alone. Question 2 Which ro ofthese ctatemants ave true? Serotonin dficioncy is the most commonly held theory. Migraine tiggers include only alcohol and stress. El Old varieties of pain reducing drugs may be Aiea ta op. Fl Headaches can reoccur and even ineraase from overuse of madication,‘The most prevalent neurological condition in the developed world, migraine is characterised by severe, recurrent headaches, with additional symptoms including nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. The frequency and duration of migraine attacks are variable: attacks may occur a few times a year or several times per month, while pain may last between four hours and three days. Approximately one third of sufferers experience an aura -a perceptual disturbance ‘occurring before the migraine’s onset. There are numerous theories on ‘the cause of migraines, The vascular theory posits that migraines are caused by problems with blood vessels in the brain. A more widely held view is that migraines result from low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Prophylactic drug treatment, which prevents the ‘onset of migraines, has declined in recent years, because of side effects and also improvements in medications treating an actual attack. Whereas older varieties of pain medication are potentially addictive, newer drugs called triptans work by reducing pain information traveling to the brain Treatment plans typically include | | | avoidance of known migraine triggers, such a diet, alcohol, and stress, as overuse of medication can lead to chronic "rebound headaches". Not only do migraines have a debilitating effect on sufferers, they are ‘also bad for the economy, with an estimated 25 million days lost from work every year in the UK alone, Question 3 Which nwo ofthese ctatemants ave true? EL_ Migraine isthe most prevalent neurological condition Inthe developed world Sufferers from migraine become more sensitive to light and sound, FL tintane ara new form of penhylactic dag wich ate less addictive 1 The frequencies of migraine a constant‘The most prevalent neurological condition in the developed world, migraine is characterised by severe, recurrent headaches, with ‘additional symptoms including nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. The frequency and duration of migraine attacks are variable: attacks may occur a few times a year or several times per month, while pain may last between four hours and three days. Approximately one third of sufferers experience an aura - a perceptual disturbance occurring before the migraine’s onset. There are numerous theories on ‘the cause of migraines. The vascular theory posits that migraines are caused by problems with blood vessels in the brain. A more widely held view is that migraines result from low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Prophylactic drug treatment, which prevents the ‘onset of migraines, has declined in recent years, because of side effects and also improvements in medications treating an actual attack. Whereas older varieties of pain medication are potentially addictive, newer drugs called triptans work by reducing pain information traveling to the brain. Treatment plans typically include avoidance of known migraine triggers, such as diet, alcohol, and stress, as overuse of medication can lead to chronic "rebound headaches”. [Not only do migraines have a debilitating effect on sufferers, they are also bad for the economy, with an estimated 25 million days lost from work every year in the UK alone. Question 4 Which ro ofthese etatemants ave true? EL the vascular theory has boen discredited 1 Problems with blood vessels and serotonin deficiencies may cause migraines EL Inthe extensive view migraines also affect the Fl Migraines can be cured easilyIs froe internet access as much a universal human right as access to clean water and healthcare? Many leading experts believe that the 80% of the world’s population that is not connected to the web should hhave access to information through free low-bandwidth connection via ‘mobile phones. The one fith of the world connected to the internet, however, faces a very different problem: an insatiable appetite for bandwidth that outstrips availabilty. Bandwidth refers to the capacity ‘to transfer data through a channel. Emails, for example, require less bandwidth than video. Information trattic jams result when too many users try ta move information at the same time, exceeding the channel's capacity. The popularity of mobile web devices means demand for wireless channels is growing rapidly, but bandwidth supply is limited - resulting in high charges for use. With bandwidth controlled, by a handful of private suppliers, bandwidth is the subject of ‘government debate in many countries, including the United States. Bandwidth suppliers are in favour of introducing tiered pricing structures, whereby customers paying higher rates would receive faster service. Critics believe that a tiered system violates the principle of net neutrality - whereby all data is treated as equal - and would allow suppliers to profiteer from controlling a scarce resource. Supaliers argue that they are funding huge infrastructure updates -such as switching from copper wires to expensive fiber Question 5 Which ro ofthese etatemants ave true? El the main argument in the passage is that internet users are nat leaving Access to information via the internets a basic human right. TE Suliers hack thei damand for higher charges claiming higher inrastractral updates Inthe new proposal customers paying higher will receive faster cerviceeH Is froe internet access as much a universal human right as access to clean water and healthcare? Many leading experts believe that the 80% of the world’s population that is not connected to the web should hhave access to information through free low-bandwidth connection via ‘mobile phones. The one fith of the world connected to the internet, however, faces a very different problem: an insatiable appetite for bandwidth that outstrips availabilty. Bandwidth refers to the capacity ‘to transfer data through a channel. Emails, for example, require less bandwidth than video. Information trattic jams result when too many users try ta move information at the same time, exceeding the channel's capacity. The popularity of mobile web devices means demand for wireless channels is growing rapidly, but bandwidth supply is limited - resulting in high charges for use. With bandwidth controlled, by a handful of private suppliers, bandwidth is the subject of ‘government debate in many countries, including the United States. Bandwidth suppliers are in favour of introducing tiered pricing structures, whereby customers paying higher rates would receive faster service. Critics believe that a tiered system violates the principle of net neutrality - whereby all data is treated as equal - and would allow suppliers to profiteer from controlling a scarce resource. Supaliers argue that they are funding huge infrastructure updates -such as switching from copper wires to expensive fiber Question 6 Which nwo ofthese ctatemants ave true? Fl Tiered system violates the principle of neutrality 1 Demand for wireless channels is limited, but bbandovsth supely is growing El Mobile net device increase has contributed sate ot nth nilalty El Onlya few suppliers control bandwith supely[Sioa 9 Is froe internet access as much a universal human right as access to clean water and healthcare? Many leading experts believe that the 80% of the world’s population that is not connected to the web should hhave access to information through free low-bandwidth connection via ‘mobile phones. The one fith of the world connected to the internet, however, faces a very different problem: an insatiable appetite for bandwidth that outstrips availabilty. Bandwidth refers to the capacity ‘to transfer data through a channel. Emails, for example, require less bandwidth than video. Information trattic jams result when too many users try ta move information at the same time, exceeding the channel's capacity. The popularity of mobile web devices means demand for wireless channels is growing rapidly, but bandwidth supply is limited - resulting in high charges for use. With bandwidth controlled, by a handful of private suppliers, bandwidth is the subject of ‘government debate in many countries, including the United States. Bandwidth suppliers are in favour of introducing tiered pricing structures, whereby customers paying higher rates would receive faster service. Critics believe that a tiered system violates the principle of net neutrality - whereby all data is treated as equal - and would allow suppliers to profiteer from controlling a scarce resource. Supaliers argue that they are funding huge infrastructure updates -such as switching from copper wires to expensive fiber Question 7 Which ro ofthese statements ave true? Fl the bandwidth for emails and video are the same EL Switching rom copper wires to expensive fberoptt 3 wil increase bandwidth service El Capacity to transfer data through a channel bandit The tered pricing souctures would charge mobile wab devices usere moreeH Is froe internet access as much a universal human right as access to clean water and healthcare? Many leading experts believe that the 80% of the world’s population that is not connected to the web should hhave access to information through free low-bandwidth connection via ‘mobile phones. The one fith of the world connected to the internet, however, faces a very different problem: an insatiable appetite for bandwidth that outstrips availabilty. Bandwidth refers to the capacity ‘to transfer data through a channel. Emails, for example, require less bandwidth than video. Information trattic jams result when too many users try ta move information at the same time, exceeding the channel's capacity. The popularity of mobile web devices means demand for wireless channels is growing rapidly, but bandwidth supply is limited - resulting in high charges for use. With bandwidth controlled, by a handful of private suppliers, bandwidth is the subject of ‘government debate in many countries, including the United States. Bandwidth suppliers are in favour of introducing tiered pricing structures, whereby customers paying higher rates would receive faster service. Critics believe that a tiered system violates the principle of net neutrality - whereby all data is treated as equal - and would allow suppliers to profiteer from controlling a scarce resource. Supaliers argue that they are funding huge infrastructure updates -such as switching from copper wires to expensive fiber Question 8 Which ro ofthese etatemants ave true? El Proponents of net neutrality ae against the proctsing of certain web trafic ven those with intemet connection ate still nsetisied for new benduith BL Feed ania mermcei noch lavoro Fight Fl Traffic jams results only when information are ‘moved atthe same time‘The International Olympics Committee (IOC) is responsible for selecting a host city seven years prior to the games. During a rigorous selection process lasting two years, the IOC evaluates the candidate cites’ proposal and their ability to finance the games. Hosting the Olympics involves enormous expense - the 2008 Beijing Olympics, for example, cost $43 billion. Expenditure includes the construction of stadia, infrastruction improvements, and direct operating costs, such as athlete housing and security. Proponents believe that the outlay is justifiable, as the Olympics stimulate regeneration, create jobs and increase tourism and media attention. They also bring unquantifiable benefits, such as prestige and "feel good factor’. However, detractors counter that the 17-day event rarely returns a profit, typically runs over budget, and leads to higher taxes for locals. Montreal, for example, took 30 years to pay off the debt it incurred by hosting the Winter Olympics in 1976. Furthermore, state of-the-art venues - such as Beijing's $500 million Bird's Nest ~ often stand empty after the closing ceremonies finish. While the last ‘three summer Olympics have left their host cities with huge debts, a successful games can transform a city. Improvements made to Barcelona before the 1992 games created an enduring tourist destination. Question 9 Which ro ofthese statements ave true? El the Olympics can lead toa long-term boost in foreign visitors El thusually takes decade for a host city to payoff its dete Bahay hecemd Beeal mapmlilily fr the games, Fl Iemproved infrastructure, such as the creation of athlete accommodation, is one ofthe benefits to host city‘The International Olympics Committee (IOC) is responsible for selecting a host city seven years prior to the games. During a rigorous selection process lasting two years, the IOC evaluates the candidate cites’ proposal and their ability to finance the games. Hosting the Olympics involves enormous expense - the 2008 Beijing Olympics, for example, cost $43 billion. Expenditure includes the construction of stadia, infrastruction improvements, and direct operating costs, such as athlete housing and security. Proponents believe that the outlay is justifiable, as the Olympics stimulate regeneration, create jobs and increase tourism and media attention. They also bring unquantifiable benefits, such as prestige and "feel good factor’. However, detractors counter that the 17-day event rarely returns a profit, typically runs over budget, and leads to higher taxes for locals. Montreal, for example, took 30 years to pay off the debt it incurred by hosting the Winter Olympics in 1976. Furthermore, state of-the-art venues - such as Beijing's $500 million Bird's Nest ~ often stand empty after the closing ceremonies finish. While the last ‘three summer Olympics have left their host cities with huge debts, a successful games can transform a city. Improvements made to Barcelona before the 1992 games created an enduring tourist destination. Question 10 Which ro of these etatemants ave true? EL_ the Olympics sometimes leaves the host city indebted El_ An Olympics’ success cannot be measured by the sporting events alone FL ahnet ety ie chncon tn yaar pine t the Game by the loc FL There has not been profitable summer Olympics since 1992,‘The International Olympics Committee (IOC) is responsible for selecting a host city seven years prior to the games. During a rigorous selection process lasting two years, the IOC evaluates the candidate cites’ proposal and their ability to finance the games. Hosting the Olympics involves enormous expense - the 2008 Beijing Olympics, for example, cost $43 billion. Expenditure includes the construction of stadia, infrastruction improvements, and direct operating costs, such as athlete housing and security. Proponents believe that the outlay is justifiable, as the Olympics stimulate regeneration, create jobs and increase tourism and media attention. They also bring unquantifiable benefits, such as prestige and "feel good factor’. However, detractors counter that the 17-day event rarely returns a profit, typically runs over budget, and leads to higher taxes for locals. Montreal, for example, took 30 years to pay off the debt it incurred by hosting the Winter Olympics in 1976. Furthermore, state of-the-art venues - such as Beijing's $500 million Bird's Nest ~ often stand empty after the closing ceremonies finish. While the last ‘three summer Olympics have left their host cities with huge debts, a successful games can transform a city. Improvements made to Barcelona before the 1992 games created an enduring tourist destination. Question 11 Which nwo ofthese ctatemants ave true? EL the Olympics always excaed its budget El The Olympics results in higher taxes for some people EL Despite no guarantee of profit cities vie forthe pevlaga of hacting the Olympics El The 10C takes into account whether potential host cities would benefit from regenerationeH ‘The International Olympics Committee (IOC) is responsible for selecting a host city seven years prior to the games. During a rigorous selection process lasting two years, the IOC evaluates the candidate cites’ proposal and their ability to finance the games. Hosting the Olympics involves enormous expense - the 2008 Beijing Olympics, for example, cost $43 billion. Expenditure includes the construction of stadia, infrastruction improvements, and direct operating costs, such as athlete housing and security. Proponents believe that the outlay is justifiable, as the Olympics stimulate regeneration, create jobs and increase tourism and media attention. They also bring unquantifiable benefits, such as prestige and "feel good factor’. However, detractors counter that the 17-day event rarely returns a profit, typically runs over budget, and leads to higher taxes for locals. Montreal, for example, took 30 years to pay off the debt it incurred by hosting the Winter Olympics in 1976. Furthermore, state of-the-art venues - such as Beijing's $500 million Bird's Nest ~ often stand empty after the closing ceremonies finish. While the last ‘three summer Olympics have left their host cities with huge debts, a successful games can transform a city. Improvements made to Barcelona before the 1992 games created an enduring tourist destination. Question 12 Which ro ofthese ctatemants ave true? El Some ofthe advantage bestowed upon the city cannot be easily calculated Being an Olympics host citys a mixed blessing for ‘he the Ines! community 2 the toe pi the Olympics” host cities ecpnnciilty ic the election of El The Games’ seven-year selection process volves detailed analysic‘The merits of single-sex education have long been debated in the United States, where demand for single-sex schools is on the rise. Title 1,2 1972 law prohibiting sex discrimination in education, was ‘amended in 2006, allowing for the establishment of single-sex state schools so long as a co-educational alternative is available, While crities view single-sex schools as discriminatory and inadequate preparation for adult life, advocates claim that children, and particularly girls, benefit from a single-sex education. American research shows that girls attending single-sex schools have higher self-esteem, participate more in class, and score higher on aptitude tests than their counterparts in co-educational schools. A 2005 study revealed that both gris and boys attending single-sex schools spent ‘mote time on homework and had less disciplinary problems. Single-sex schools subvert stereotypical course-taking patterns and results, Advocates of single-sex schooling argue that educators can teach more effectively by tailoring their tution to reflect current research about ‘gender-based brain development. Many experts, however, believe that research into single-sex education is inconclusive, and that so long as the education provided is gender-fair, both girls and boys can thrive in a co-educational environment. Question 13 Which ro ofthese options must be true? Gis i single sex schools do better in aptitude ‘tests than those in co-educational schacls itis good ides to send your daughter to 3 single-sex school FL Recaarch inte single-sex echnale ie inconelicive Fl Demand for single-sex schools is onthe rise‘The merits of single-sex education have long been debated in the United States, where demand for single-sex schools is on the rise. Title 1,2 1972 law prohibiting sex discrimination in education, was ‘amended in 2006, allowing for the establishment of single-sex state schools so long as a co-educational alternative is available, While crities view single-sex schools as discriminatory and inadequate preparation for adult life, advocates claim that children, and particularly girls, benefit from a single-sex education. American research shows that girls attending single-sex schools have higher self-esteem, participate more in class, and score higher on aptitude tests than their counterparts in co-educational schools. A 2005 study revealed that both gris and boys attending single-sex schools spent ‘mote time on homework and had less disciplinary problems. Single-sex schools subvert stereotypical course-taking patterns and results, Advocates of single-sex schooling argue that educators can teach more effectively by tailoring their tution to reflect current research about ‘gender-based brain development. Many experts, however, believe that research into single-sex education is inconclusive, and that so long as the education provided is gender-fair, both girls and boys can thrive in a co-educational environment. Question 14 Which no ofthese options must be true? El Proponents of single-sex education believe diferent learning styles exist between genders the usual course taking pattems are avoided in single sex schools TE the amended Inwin 2006 all any the existence. of single sex schools Single sex schools provide inadequate preparation for adult feYE ccoen ‘The merits of single-sex education have long been debated in the ‘United States, where demand for single-sex schools is on the rise. Title 1,8 1972 law probing sex cscrimination in education, was amended in 2006, allowing for the establishment of singe sex state schools so long asa co-educational alternative s avaiable, While critics view single-sex schools as discriminatory and inadequate preparation for adult ite, advocates claim tat cite, and prelates bene rem singe sn eueation, American research shows that girls attending single-sex schools have higher_ self-esteem, participate more in class, and score higher on aptitude tests than ther counterparts in co-educational schools. A2008 study revealed that both girls and boys attending single-sex schools spent more time on homework and had less dscpinary problems Sigle-sex schools subvert sterenhypicalcourse-takng patterns and results Faeeer ihe ier eal ager cece era effectively by toring tho tuition to elect curont research about psn yaa evidopres: Mant sport awe ete thar research int single-sex educations inconcusve and that so long as the education provided s gender fai, both gis and boys can tive na eeaicahoieeL Question 15 Which to ofthese options must be true? Fl the only advantage for boys in single sex education is improved discipline Lis i single sex schools have higher self esteem ‘than their counterparts in co-educational schol Single sex state schools dd not exist prior to 2006. 11.1972 law prohibits educational discrimination‘The merits of single-sex education have long been debated in the demand for single-sex schools is on the rise. Title ing sex discrimination in education, was ‘amended in 2006, allowing for the establishment of single-sex state schools so long as a co-educational alternative is available, While United States, wher Va 1972 lew probi critics view single-sex schools as discri inatory and inadequate preparation for adult life, advocates claim that children, and particularly girls, benefit from a single-sex education. American research shows that girls attending single-sex schools have higher self-esteem, participate more in class, and score higher on aptitude tests than their counterparts in co-educational schools. A 2005 study revealed that both gris and boys attending single-sex schools spent ‘mote time on homework and had less disciplinary problems. Single-sex schools subvert stereotypical course-taking patterns and results, Advocates of single-sex schooling argue that educators can teach more effectively by tailoring their tution to reflect current research about ‘gender-based brain development. Many experts, however, believe that research into single-sex education is inconclusive, and that so long as the education provided is gender-fair, both girls and boys can thrive in a co-educational environment. Question 16 Which no ofthese options must be true? Single sex education reinforces are existing ‘gender stereotypes. there are more single-sex schools than comeducatianal schoo, o education pvc i gle Lon ihe ng Fl Experts ellove that any gender can thive in & co-educational system‘Although European decisions during the 16th and 17th centuries to explore, trade with, and colonize large portions of the world brought tremendous economic wealth and vast geographic influence, the ‘enormous success of European maritime ventures during the age of exploration also engendered litany of unintended consequences for most of the nations with which Europe interacted, Due to their incredible military force, religious zeal, and uncompromising goal of profit, Europeans often imposed their traditions, values, and customs ‘on the people with whom they traded. They frequently acted without regard to the long-term welfare of others as their principal concern \was short-term economic gain. Since many nations that traded with Europe placed high value on their historical customs, some natives became deeply disconcerted by the changes that occurred as @ result of European power, These factors, coupled with perennial domestic political instability, caused numerous countries to grow increasingly resistant to European influence. (One potent example of this ideological shift can be seen in the actions Of the Tokugawa government of Japan. Init Seclusion Edict of 1636, the government attempted to extricate cultural interactions with Europe from the intimate fabric of Japanese society. The Edict attempted to accomplish this by focusing on three areas. First, it sought to curb cultural exchange by eliminating people bringing econ: ere fre Sella le: armsoespesie i Question 17 ‘Which two ofthe following statements are true? tn 1036, the Japanese government saw its citizens living abroad as potential threats Fl The Japanese goverment considered all foreign religions a danger The mast significant motivation for Europe's ‘behavior with Japan during the 17th century was short-term economic sel interest EL The Japanese government prohibited Japanese {tom visting other counties, even to sea family.tec bap lcci hcg ht ocd area ‘of European power. These factors, coupled with perennial domestic politcal instability, caused numerous countries to graw increasingly resistant to European influence. One patent example of this ideological shift can be seen in the actions of the Tokugawa government of Japan. Inits Seclusion Edict of 1636, the government attempted to extricate cultural interactions with Europe from the intimate fabric of Japanese society, The Edi attempted to accomplish this by focusing on three areas. sought to curb cultural exchange by eliminating people bringing European ideas into Japan. The Edict stated, "lapanese ships shall by ‘no means be sent abroad?_Al Japanese residing abroad shall be put to death when they return home.” Second, the Edict focused on limiting trade. Articles 11 through 17 of the Edict imposed stringent regulations ‘on trade and commerce. Third, the government banned Christianity, which it saw as an import from Europe that challenged the long-established and well-enshrined religious traditions of Japan. The government went to considerable lengths to protect its culture. Article eight of the Edict stated, "Even ships shall not be left untouched in the ‘matter of exterminating Christians.” With the example of Japan and the examples of other countries that chose e different response to European influence, itis perhaps not too far of a stretch to conclude that Japan made the right decision pursuing @ path of relative isolationism. As history unfolded during the ‘next 400 years, in general, countries that embraced European hegemony, whether by choice or by force, tended to suffer from pernicious wealth inequality, perennial political instability, and protracted underdevelopment. from visiting ether counties, evento see family.‘Although European decisions during the 16th and 17th centuries to explore, trade with, and colonize large portions of the world brought tremendous economic wealth and vast geographic influence, the ‘enormous success of European maritime ventures during the age of exploration also engendered a litany of unintended consequences for ‘most of the nations with which Europe interacted. Due to their incredible military force, religious zeal, and uncompromising goal of profit, Europeans often imposed their traditions, values, and customs ‘on the people with whom they traded. They frequently acted without regard to the longterm welfare of others as their principal concern was short-term economic gain. Since many nations that traded with Europe placed high value on their historical customs, some natives, became deeply disconcerted by the changes that occurred as @ result ‘of European power, These factors, coupled with perennial domestic political instability, caused numerous countries to grow increasingly resistant to European influence. (One potent example of this ideological shift can be seen in the actions Of the Tokugawa government of Japan. In its Seclusion Edict of 1636, the government attempted to extricate cultural interactions with Europe from the intimate fabric of Japanese society. The Edict attempted to accomplish this by focusing on three areas. First, it sought to curb cultural exchange by eliminating people bringing European ideas into Japan. The Edict stated, "lapanese ships shall by ‘no means be sent abroad?.All Japanese residing abroad shall be put to death when they return home." Second, the Edict focused on limiting trade. Articles 11 through 17 of the Edict imposed stringent regulations Which two ofthe following statements are rue? El European decisions made during the 16th and {7%h centuries in deating with Japan represent an ‘herration fom the typical pattem of European decisions Fl With the hindsight of history Japan likely made the appropriate decision in extleating fee from European influence. El The Japanese government executed J citizens who settled in other countries but te return to apn, 1 Japan was the fst country to vehemently resist Europen influence‘Although European decisions during the 16th and 47th centuries to explore, trade with, and colonize large portions of the world brought ‘tremendous economic wealth and vast geographic influence, the ‘enormous success of European maritime ventures during the age of exploration also engendered a litany of unintended consequences for ‘most of the nations with which Europe interacted. Due to their incredible military force, religious zeal, and uncompromising goal of profit, Europeans often imposed their traditions, values, and customs (on the people with whom they traded. They frequently acted without regard to the long-term welfare of others as their principal concern was short-term economic gain. Since many nations that traded with Europe placed high value on their historical customs, some natives, became deeply disconcerted by the changes that accurred as a result ‘of European power. These factors, coupled with perennial domestic politcal instability, caused numerous countries to graw increasingly resistant to European influence. ‘One potent example of this ideological shift can be seen in the actions (of the Tokugawa government of Japan. In its Seclusion Edict of 1636, the government attempted to extricate cultural interactions with Europe from the intimate fabric of Japanese society. The Edict ‘attempted to accomplish this by focusing on three areas. Firs, it ‘sought to curb cultural exchange by eliminating people bringing European ideas into Japan. The Edict stated, "/apanese ships shall by no means be sent abroad?./l Japanese residing abroad shall be put to Question 18 Which two ofthe following statements are tue? | The Japanese government heavily regulated foreign economic rade 1 Europe exploited the regions i colonised for Jmmense econcmie gan. Japan the only country that resisted European ease. | Many nations that trad with Europe orefered the European customs tothe anclent customs.‘Although European decisions during the 16th and 17th centuries to explore, trade with, and colonize large portions of the world brought tremendous economic wealth and vast geographic influence, the ‘enormous success of European maritime ventures during the age of exploration also engendered litany of unintended consequences for most of the nations with which Europe interacted, Due to their incredible military force, religious zeal, and uncompromising goal of profit, Europeans often imposed their traditions, values, and customs ‘on the people with whom they traded. They frequently acted without regard to the long-term welfare of others as their principal concern \was short-term economic gain. Since many nations that traded with Europe placed high value on their historical customs, some natives became deeply disconcerted by the changes that occurred as @ result of European power, These factors, coupled with perennial domestic political instability, caused numerous countries to grow increasingly resistant to European influence. (One potent example of this ideological shift can be seen in the actions Of the Tokugawa government of Japan. Init Seclusion Edict of 1636, the government attempted to extricate cultural interactions with Europe from the intimate fabric of Japanese society. The Edict attempted to accomplish this by focusing on three areas. First, it sought to curb cultural exchange by eliminating people bringing Fecomaay: ere fre Selb arenes Question 20 Which tw of the following statements are rue? EL_The Japanese government prohibited criticism of the Feudal shogun system of government. Fl The Japanese goverment destroyed ll remnants of Chistian. Fl Ewopeans convinced the people with whom they traded to choose their oom traditions, values and customs. EL ‘Traditional Japanese culture and way of life were threatened by European inuence