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Hypodescent

A brief look into the historic, modern, and


potential future explanations.

Group 4
Definition: ‘

The “one-drop rule” is a colloquial expression, a phrase which reflects


the belief that a person bearing a trace of African ancestry (literally, a
single drop of black or Negro “blood”) is black.’
(SCOTT LEON WASHINGTON, 2011)

‘...Multiracial individuals are categorized according to their most socially


subordinate group membership’
(Kirsch, 2013)
Historic Hypodescent and the Creation
of Race

‘‘…before the eighteenth century physical


differences among peoples were so rarely
referred to as a matter of great importance that
something of a case can be made for the
proposition that race consciousness is largely a
modern phenomenon.’

- Gossett (1997)
Racial categories, pre-British colonies
Scientific Racism

● Race established with

terms we know today by

British colonies

● Othering - us vs. them

● Racism weaved into

science
State discrimination

● Mixed race people treated

badly

● Justified by law

● Emphasis on blood,

parentage and lineage


Hypodescent
Racial Integrity Act of 1924

Walter Plecker

Anglo-Saxon Clubs of America

Racial Integrity Act

Pocahontas Exception
Modern Hypodescent Studies

Political Views

Learning Theory

Exodescent

One of us
Bi-Racial Standpoint;

st
Still, in the 21 Century, there is a large sense of
superiority in race with black individuals, regrettably at the
bottom of the social ladder.1

One critical way to gain insight into hypodescent as a


whole is to analyse the perspectives of people who are bi
racial.2
Case Study of Barack Obama;

Barack Obama is a notable example of hypodescent in


practice. 1

This, evidently, displays the presence of hypodescent


in the modern day.2
Conclusion

Has anything really changed?

Is it just more covert?


Bibliography
Feiwel & Friends, Mix Me! Book Cover, 2015 Lewis, M. (2011). Hypodescent or exodescent: Visual racial categorisation of mixed-race
faces. Perception, 40(1), pp.1-128.
Fairlie, Robert W., Can the “One-Drop Rule” Tell us Anything About Racial Discrimination?
New Evidence from the Multiple Race Question on the 2000 Cesnsus. Maillard, Kevin Noble, The Pocahontas Exception: The Exemption of American Indian
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537109000074?via%3Dihub Ancestry from Racial Purity Law. (2005)
[accessed 17 March 2018] https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=871096 [accessed 16 March 2018]
·
Gossett, T.F. (1997). Race: the History of an Idea in America. New York: Oxford University Omi, M., Winant, H. (2015). Racial Formation in the United States. Third ed. New York:
Press. Routledge.

Halberstadt, Jamin., Sherman, Steven J., and Sherman ,Jeffrey W., ‘Why Barack Obama is Oyez (2018). Plessy v. Ferguson, Accessed: 17/03/2018. Available at:
Black: A Cognitive Account of Hypodescent,’ Association for Psychological Science, 22 www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537
(2011), pp. 29-33.
Smith, J., The Campaign for Racial Purity and the Erosion of Paternalism in Virginia,
Ho, Arnold K., Sidanius, Jim., Levin, Daniel T., and Banaji, Mahzarin R., ‘Evidence for 1922-1930: "Nominally White, Biologically Mixed, and Legally Negro". (2002)
Hypodescent and Racial Hierarchy in the Categorization and Perception of Biracial http://www.jstor.org/stable/3069691?origin=crossref&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Individuals,’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3 (2011), pp. 1-54. [accessed 16 March 2018]

Ho, A. K., Kteily, N.S., and Chen, J. M., ‘“You’re One of Us”: Black Americans’ Use of Washington, S.L. (2011). Hypodescent: A history of the crystallization of the one-drop
Hypodescent and its Association with Egalitarianism’, Journal of Personality and Social rule in the United States, 1880–1940. Princeton University.
Psychology, 113 (2017), pp. 753 - 768.
Wilkinson, A.B. (2017). People of Mixed Ancestry in the Seventeenth-Century
Khanna, Nikki, ‘”If You’re Half Black, You’re Just Black”: Reflected Appraisals and the
Chesapeake: Freedom, Bondage, and the Rise of Hypodescent Ideology. Journal of
Persistence of the One-Drop Rule’, The Sociological Quarterly, 51 (2010), pp. 96-121.
Social History. Oct. edition.

Krosch, A., Berntsen, L., Amodio, D., Jost, J. and Van Bavel, J. (2013). On the ideology of
hypodescent: Political conservatism predicts categorization of racially ambiguous faces as
Black. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(6), pp.1196-1203.

Lombardo, P., Eugenic Laws Against Race Mixing. Archive on American Eugenics
Movement Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (2000)

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