LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN

Skala Rotameter Hot Fluid = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20

Suhu Awal Hot Fluid = 55 °C
Panjang Heat exchanger = 23,6 inch = 59,94 cm = 1,96653 ft
Diameter Dalam tube (Di) = 0,795 inch = 2,0193 cm = 0,06625 ft
Diameter luar tube (Do) = 0,866 inch = 2,1996 cm = 0,07217 ft
Jumlah tube Heat Exchanger = 5
Luas Dalam Pipa (Ai) = 5. Π. Di L = 5 x 3,14 x 2,0193 cm x 59,94 cm
= 1902, 134 cm2 = 0,1902 m2
Luas Luas Pipa (Ao) = 5. Π. Di L = 5 x 3,14 x 2,01996 cm x 59,94 cm
= 2072,011 cm2 = 0,2072 m2
A. Perhitungan Flowrate (v) pada Hot fluid
𝑥 𝑚3
Flowrate (liter/menit)= (1000 ×60) = 𝑠

Skala flowrate (liter/menit) flowrate (m3/detik)

10 18,5 0,000308333
12 22 0,000366667
14 25 0,000416667
16 28,2 0,00047
18 32 0,000533333
20 35,8 0,000596667

B. Perhitungan ∆TLMTD
1. Aliran Co-Current
∆T1 = Thi – Tci
∆T2 = Tho – Tco
∆T1− ∆T2
∆TLMTD= ∆T1 (holman eq (10-12), 533)—588
ln( )
∆T2

Flowrate t (menit) rata-

T
(liter/men) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 rata
Thi 54 53 53 53 51 51 51 50 50 50 49 51,36
Tho 53 51 51 51 50 50 50 49 49 49 48 50,09
18,5
Tci 30 31 32 33 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 33,36
Tco 31 33 33 34 34,5 35 35 36 36 36 36 34,50
Thi 49 48 48 47,5 47,5 47 47 47 46 46 46 47,18
Tho 48 47,5 47,5 46 46 47 46,5 46,5 45,5 45,5 45 46,45
22
Tci 35 35,5 35 35 35,5 36 36 36 36 36 36 35,64
Tco 36 36 36 36 36 36,5 36,5 36,5 36,5 36,5 36,5 36,27
25 Thi 54 54 53 53 52 51 51 51 50 50 49 51,64
 Tho 53 53 52,5 52 50 50 49 49,5 49,5 49 47,5 50,45
Tci 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 32,27
Tco 33 32 31,5 31,5 33 33 33,5 34 34 35 35 33,23
Thi 49 48 48 47 47 46,5 46 46 46 46 46 46,86
Tho 48 47 47 46,5 46,5 46 45,5 45 45 45 45 46,05
28,2
Tci 31 32 32,5 33 33 34 34 34,5 34,5 34,5 34,5 33,41
Tco 32 33 33,5 34 34 34,5 35 35 35 35 35,5 34,23
Thi 52 51 50,5 50 49,5 49 48,5 48 48 47,5 46,5 49,14
Tho 51 50 49,5 49,5 49 48,5 47,5 47,5 47,5 46 45 48,27
32
Tci 32 33 34,5 34,5 34,5 34,5 35 35,5 35,5 35,5 35,5 34,55
Tco 34 34,5 35 35,5 35,5 35,5 35,5 36 36,5 36,5 37 35,59
Thi 48 47,5 47 47 47 46,5 46,5 46,5 46 46 46 46,73
Tho 47 47 46,5 46,5 46,5 46,5 46 45,5 45,5 45 45 46,09
35,8
Tci 32 33 33,5 34 34,5 34,5 35 35,5 35 35 35 34,27
Tco 33 34 34 34,5 35 35 35 36 35,5 36 36 34,91

Flowrate Suhu
∆TLMT
Skala flowrate flowrate
Thi Tho Tci Tco D
(liter/menit) (m3/detik)
10 18,5 0,000308333 51,3 50,09 33,36 34,5 16,738
12 22 0,000366667 47,18 46,45 35,64 36,27 10,846
14 25 0,000416667 51,64 50,45 32,27 33,23 18,274
16 28,2 0,00047 46,86 46,05 33,41 34,23 12,617
18 32 0,000533333 49,14 48,27 34,55 35,59 13,613
20 35,8 0,000596667 46,73 46,09 34,27 34,91 11,808

2. Aliran Counter-current
∆T1 = Thi – Tco
∆T2 = Tho – Tci

∆T1− ∆T2
∆TLMTD= ∆T1 (holman eq (10-12), 533)—588
ln( )
∆T2

Flowrate t (menit) rata-

T
(liter/men) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 rata
Thi 54 53,5 52,5 52 52 51 50,5 50 50 49,5 49 51,27
Tho 52 51 50,5 50 50 49,5 49,5 49 48,5 48 47,5 49,59
18
Tci 32 33 33 33,5 34 34,5 34,5 35 35 35 35 34,05
Tco 32,5 34 34 35 35,5 36 36 36 36 36 36 35,18
Thi 50 49 48 48 48 48 47 47 46 46 45,5 47,50
Tho 48 47,5 47,5 46,5 46,5 46,5 46,5 45,5 45 45 45 46,32
22
Tci 35 35 35,5 35,5 35,5 35,5 36 36 36 36 36,5 35,68
Tco 36,5 36,5 36,5 36,5 36,5 37 37 37 37 37 37,5 36,82
25 Thi 50 49 49 48 47,5 47 47 46,5 46 46 45,5 47,41
 Tho 49 48,5 48,5 47 47 46,5 46 45,5 45,5 45,5 45 46,73
Tci 31 32,5 32,5 34 34 34,5 35,5 34,5 35,5 34,5 34,5 33,91
Tco 32,5 32,5 32,5 34,5 35 35 35 35,5 36 36 35 34,50
Thi 48,5 47 46 45,5 45 45 44 43 43 42,5 42 44,68
Tho 45 45 44,5 44 43,5 43,5 43 43 43 42 42 43,50
28,2
Tci 34,5 34,5 35 35 35 35 35 35,5 35,5 35,5 35,5 35,09
Tco 35 35 35 35,5 35,5 35,5 36 36 36 36 36 35,59
Thi 52 51,5 51,5 51,5 50 49 49 48,5 48 47 47 49,55
Tho 51 51,5 51 50 49,5 48 48 47 47 46,5 46 48,68
32
Tci 32,5 33 33 33 33 33 33,5 34 34 34 34 33,36
Tco 33 32,5 34 34 34 34 34,5 35 35 35 35 34,18
Thi 54 54 53 53 52 51 51 51 50 49 48 51,45
Tho 53 52,5 52,5 52,5 51 50,5 50 50 49,5 48 47,5 50,64
35,2
Tci 33 33 33 34,5 34,5 35 35 35,5 35,5 35,5 35,5 34,55
Tco 33 34,5 34,5 35 35 35,5 36 36 36 36 36 35,23

Flowrate Suhu
Skala flowrate ∆TLMTD
flowrate (liter/menit) Thi Tho Tci Tco
(m3/detik)
10 18,5 0,000308333 51,27 49,59 34,05 35,18 15,813
12 22 0,000366667 47,5 46,32 35,68 36,82 10,660
14 25 0,000416667 47,41 46,73 33,91 34,5 12,865
16 28,2 0,00047 44,68 43,5 35,09 35,59 8,746
18 32 0,000533333 49,55 48,68 33,36 34,18 15,345
20 35,8 0,000596667 51,45 50,64 34,55 35,23 16,155

C. Perhitungan Sejumlah Panas yang Diberikan

Qh = Wh . Cph . ∆Th = Vh . 𝜌 . Cph . ∆Th
Qc = Wc . Cpc . ∆Tc = Vc . 𝜌 . Cpc . ∆Tc
Dimana :
Vh = flowrate hot fluid
Vc = flowrate cold fluid
∆Th = Th1 – Tho
∆Tc = Tco – Tc1

1. Co-current
Cp ρc ρh Qh Qc
Skala V (m3/detik) ΔTh ΔTc (J/kg (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (J/detik) (J/detik)
10 0,000308333 1,21 1,14 °C)
4174 999,8 987,8 1538,239 1458,821
12 0,000366667 0,73 0,63 4174 999,8 992,8 1109,207 958,046
14 0,000416667 1,19 0,96 4174 999,8 987,6 2043,938 1660,783
16 0,00047 0,81 0,82 4174 999,8 992,9 1577,800 1599,576
18 0,000533333 0,87 1,04 4174 999,8 992,2 1921,624 2301,116
20 0,000596667 0,64 0,64 4174 999,8 992,9 1582,659 1584,492
 2. Counter-current
Cp ρc ρh Qh Qc
Skala V (m3/detik) ΔTh ΔTc (J/kg (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (J/detik) (J/detik)
10 0,000308333 1,68 1,13 °C)
4174 999,8 987,9 2136,056 1445,684
12 0,000366667 1,18 1,14 4174 999,8 992,8 1792,909 1733,431
14 0,000416667 0,68 0,59 4174 999,8 992,7 1174,032 1020,179
16 0,00047 1,18 0,5 4174 999,8 993,7 2300,297 974,842
18 0,000533333 0,87 0,82 4174 999,8 988,7 1914,801 1815,153
20 0,000596667 0,81 0,68 4174 999,8 987,6 1992,272 1683,349

D. Perhitungan Harga Ui, Uo, Ud

𝑄𝑐 𝑄ℎ 𝑈𝑖+𝑈𝑜
Ui = 𝐴𝑖.∆𝑇𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 , Uo = 𝐴𝑜.∆𝑇𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 , Ud = 2
1. Co-current
Qh Qc Ui Uo Ud (J/
Skala ∆TLMTD
(J/detik) (J/detik) (J/m2s°C) (J/m2s°C) m2s°C)
10 12,690 1538,239 1458,821 458,248 443,5504 450,8992
12 5,661 1109,207 958,046 464,4239 493,5845 479,0042
14 12,492 2043,938 1660,783 477,8267 539,8163 508,8215
16 7,413 1577,800 1599,576 666,5343 603,5184 635,0263
18 9,036 1921,624 2301,116 888,7603 681,2951 785,0277
20 5,673 1582,659 1584,492 705,4836 646,8522 676,1679

2. Counter-current
∆TLMTD Qh Qc Ui (J/s) Uo Ud (J/
Skala
(J/detik) (J/detik) (J/m2s°C) m2s°C)
10 3,076 2136,056 1445,684 710,1936 441,2231 575,7083
12 0,180 1792,909 1733,431 884,2824 784,8021 834,5423
14 0,451 1174,032 1020,179 479,8011 382,7178 431,2595
16 2,591 2300,297 974,842 1382,878 537,9662 960,4223
18 0,280 1914,801 1815,153 656,0647 570,8959 613,4803
20 0,751 1992,272 1683,349 648,3859 502,8978 575,6418

E. Perhitungan harga Uc dan Rd

ℎ𝐷 𝐷𝐺 𝐶𝜇 𝜇
= 𝐶[ 𝑘 ]0,8[ 𝑘 ]1/3[𝜇𝑤]0,14
𝑘
𝐷𝐺 𝐶𝑝𝜇 -1/3 𝜇 0,14
𝑗𝐻 = [ 𝑘 ] [𝜇𝑤]
𝑘
𝑘 𝐶𝜇 1/3 𝜇 0,14
ℎ = 𝑗𝐻 𝐷 [ 𝑘 ] [𝜇𝑤]
(Kern, Process Heat Transfer, page 103-104)

𝜇
[𝜇𝑤]0,14 = 1

Di = 0,795 inch = 2,0193 cm = 0,06625 ft

Do = 0,866 inch = 2,1996 cm = 0,07217 ft
𝜋𝑑𝑜2 𝜋𝑥0,8662
4 (𝑃𝑡 2 − ) 4 (1,242 − )
4 4
de = = = 1,396 inch
𝜋𝑑𝑜 𝜋 0,866
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 1,396 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
De = 𝑤𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = = 0,116 ft
12
(Kern eq 7.3 & 7.4 , Process Heat transfer, page 138)

PT = 1,2015 in = 0,1046 ft
C = 0,95 cm = 0,031167 ft
Pi = 20 cm = 0,656168 ft
W=mh=𝜌v

1. Cold Fluid : Shell side; water

 Flowrate
𝐷𝑖.𝐶.𝐵
as = 𝑃𝑇
0,06625 ×0,031167 ×0,656168
= = 0,0129 ft2
0,1046
(Kern eq 7.1 , Process Heat transfer, page 138)
 Mass velocity
𝑤
Gs = 𝑎𝑠 (Kern eq 7.2)
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑠
 Res= 𝜇
 jH (Kern, Fig 28)
𝐶𝑝 𝜇
 Pr = [ 𝑘 ]1/3
𝑘 𝐶𝑝 𝜇
 ho = jH𝐷𝑒 [ 𝑘 ]1/3 Øs
𝜇 0,14
 Øs = [𝜇𝑤] =1

2. Hot fluid: tube side, water

 at =0,496 inch2 (Kern, table 10)
𝑁𝑡×𝑎𝑡
 at’ = 144𝑛
5×0,496
= = 0,0172 ft2
144𝑥1
 Mass Velocity
𝑊 𝜌𝑣
Gt = 𝑎𝑡′ = 𝑎𝑡′
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑡
 Ret = (Kern eq 7.2)
𝜇
 jH (Kern, Fig 28)
𝐶𝑝 𝜇
 Pr = [ 𝑘 ]1/3
𝑘 𝐶𝑝 𝜇
 hi = jH𝐷𝑒 [ 𝑘 ]1/3 Øt
𝜇 0,14
 Øt = [𝜇𝑤] =1
𝐴𝑖 𝐷𝑖
 hio = hi = hi 𝐷𝑜 (Kern, eq 6.5)
𝐴
 ℎ𝑜×ℎ𝑖𝑜
 Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 (Kern, eq 6.7)
Tho+Thi Tco+Tci
 Thavg = = , Tcavg = = 47,576
2 2

1. Co-Current
 Shell side

flowrate flowrate ρ μ (kg/m k (W/m,

Skala Tcavg
(liter/menit) (m3/detik) (kg/m3) s) x10^4 °C)
10 18,5 0,00030833 34,78 988,1 5,5141 0,6451
12 22 0,00036667 34,78 992,9 6,7282 0,6283
14 25 0,00041667 34,78 987,9 5,4823 0,6454
16 28,2 0,00047 34,78 993,1 6,7671 0,6278
18 32 0,00053333 34,78 992,3 6,5514 0,6306
20 35,8 0,00059667 34,78 993,0 6,7632 0,6279
(Holman, Tabel A-9)
Cp Pr Gs Re (shell) jH Ho
(J/kg)
4174
°C) 1,5280 255,764 12407,448 55 6603,216
4174 1,6472 303,967 15298,844 70 8321,279
4174 1,5248 345,778 16350,078 79 9549,621
4174 1,6508 389,904 18811,006 90 10821,167
4174 1,6307 442,237 21941,928 98 11694,836
4174 1,6505 494,869 24209,415 100 11978,827

 Tube Side

flowrate flowrate Thavg ρ μ (kg/m k

Skala
(liter/menit) (m3/detik) (kg/m3) s) x10^4 (W/m,
10 18,5 0,00030833 47,9 994,1 7,3096 0,6259
°C)
12 22 0,00036667 47,9 993,5 7,0454 0,6281
14 25 0,00041667 47,9 994,6 7,4992 0,6243
16 28,2 0,00047 47,9 994,2 7,3499 0,6255
18 32 0,00053333 47,9 993,7 7,1469 0,6272
20 35,8 0,00059667 47,9 994,0 7,2484 0,6264
(Holman, Tabel A-9)

Cp Gt Re (tube) jH Hi Hio Uc Rd
(J/kg Pr
°C)
4174 1,6956 190,659 12260,986 55 6133,388 5630,637 3039,134 0,00189
4174 1,6729 227,831 12007,480 52 6088,867 5589,766 3343,674 0,00179
4174 1,7116 257,595 16661,567 79 8795,762 8074,779 4375,246 0,00174
4174 1,6990 292,076 15305,041 70 8207,908 7535,111 4442,006 0,00135
4174 1,6817 331,193 17926,012 77 8958,260 8223,956 4828,497 0,00107
4174 1,6904 370,786 19440,712 95 11137,768 10224,811 5516,269 0,00130
2. Counter-current
 Shell side

flowrate flowrate ρ μ (kg/m k (W/m,

Skala Thavg
(liter/menit) (m3/detik) (kg/m3) s) x10^4 °C)
10 18,5 0,00030833 35,25 988,4 5,5582 0,6446
12 22 0,00036667 35,25 993,0 6,7408 0,6282
14 25 0,00041667 35,25 992,8 6,7010 0,6287
16 28,2 0,00047 35,25 993,9 7,0147 0,6246
18 32 0,00053333 35,25 992,2 6,5116 0,6311
20 35,8 0,00059667 35,25 987,8 5,4655 0,6456
(Holman, Tabel A-9)

Cp Re
(J/kg) Pr Gs jH Ho
(shell)
°C)
4174 1,5325 254,29 4044,05 35 3911,63
4174 1,6484 303,80 3983,70 33 3865,83
4174 1,6447 345,18 4553,23 39 4562,19
4174 1,6736 389,77 4911,52 38 4494,04
4174 1,6269 441,55 5993,83 41 4762,90
4174 1,5232 491,80 7953,79 50 5562,24

 Tube side 47,576

flowrate flowrate Tavg ρ μ k

Skala
(liter/menit) (m3/detik) (kg/m3) (kg/m (W/m,
10 18,5 0,00030833 47,576 993,9 7,2081
s) 0,6267
°C)
12 22 0,00036667 47,576 993,3 6,9633
x10^4 0,6288
14 25 0,00041667 47,576 994,1 7,3096 0,6259
16 28,2 0,00047 47,576 993,7 7,1469 0,6272
18 32 0,00053333 47,576 994,2 7,3574 0,6255
20 35,8 0,00059667 47,576 993,9 7,2007 0,6268

Cp (J/kg Gt Re (tube) jH Hi Hio Uc Rd

Pr
°C)
4174 1,6869 190,713 11858,236 52 5811,566 5335,195 2945,986 0,00140
4174 1,6658 227,840 11681,297 52 6091,615 5592,289 3359,364 0,00090
4174 1,6956 258,875 13351,297 53 6199,906 5691,703 3557,096 0,00204
4174 1,6817 292,318 14401,905 54 6386,272 5862,793 3864,357 0,00078
4174 1,6996 331,149 17575,525 77 8944,951 8211,739 4839,766 0,00142
4174 1,6863 368,837 23322,662 99 11013,231 10110,482 5478,365 0,00155