Chapter 12

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers,

Aldehydes, and Ketones

Aldehydes and Ketones

LecturePLUS Timberlake 1
 Aldehydes and Ketones
 In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a
carbonyl group
O carbonyl group

CH3-C-H
 In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to
a carbonyl group
O carbonyl group

CH3-C-CH 3
LecturePLUS Timberlake 2
 Naming Aldehydes
 IUPAC Replace the -e in the alkane name -al
 Common Add aldehyde to the prefixes form
(1C), acet (2C), propion(3), and butry(4C)
O O O
  
H-C-H CH3-C-H CH3CH2C-H
methanal ethanal propanal
(formaldehyde) (acetaldehyde) (propionaldehyde)

LecturePLUS Timberlake 3
 Aldehydes as Flavorings

O O
CH O
CH
CH=CH CH

HO
OCH3

Benzaldehyde Vanillin Cinnamaldehyde

(almonds) (vanilla beans) (cinnamon)

LecturePLUS Timberlake 4
Glucose is an aldehyde
H O
C

H C OH
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
CH2OH
glucose
LecturePLUS Timberlake 5
 Naming Ketones
 In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is
replaced with -one
 In the common name, add the word ketone
after naming the alkyl groups attached to the
O
carbonyl group
O O
 
CH3 -C-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH3
Propanone 2-Butanone Cyclohexanone
(Dimethyl ketone) (Ethyl methyl ketone)
LecturePLUS Timberlake 6
 Ketones
OO

Butter flavor CH3-C-C-CH3 butanedione
O

Clove flavor CH3-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

2-heptanone

LecturePLUS Timberlake 7
Fructose is a Ketone

CH 2OH
C O
HO C H
H C OH
H C OH
CH2OH
D-Fructose
LecturePLUS Timberlake 8
Ketones as Hormones
CH2OH
CH3 O
O
OH
CH3

Cortisone
LecturePLUS Timberlake 9
 Learning Check AK 1
Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2)
or neither(3).
O

A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3-O-CH3
O
CH3 O

C. CH3-C-CH2CH D.

CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake 10

 Solution AK 1
Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2)
or neither(3).
O

A. CH3CH2CCH3 2 B. CH3-O-CH3 3
CH3 O O

C. CH3-C-CH2CH 1 D. 2

CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake 11

 Learning Check AK 2
Name the following
O O

A. CH3CH2CCH3 B.
CH3 O

C. CH3-C-CH2CH

CH3
LecturePLUS Timberlake 12
 Solution AK 2
O
 O
A. CH3CH2CCH3 B.
2-butanone (ethyl methyl ketone)
CH3 O

C. CH3-C-CH2CH
cyclohexanone
CH3
2,2-dimethylbutanal
LecturePLUS Timberlake 13
 Learning Check AK 3
Draw the structural formulas for each:
A. 3-Methylpentanal
B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal
C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

LecturePLUS Timberlake 14
 Solution AK 3
Draw the structural formulas for each:
CH3 O

A. 3-Methylpentanal CH3CHCHCH2CH
Br O

B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal Br-CH2CHCH
O

C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone CH3CHCCH3
LecturePLUS Timberlake 15