GRAMMAR, Past time Basic contrasts: past simple and past continuous Completed a Tot wp, switched of he ai. and sat sab ery day went fo the park In thse day id ke reading. Actions in progres (ote interrupted by events) Tas drinking my cole a he tim We T was opening tv Background descriptions narrative od around. Most people were working at their desk, Jae was staring out J pretending write 0 The cat ws geting of and the engine war making oreo ithe ine. Ona the aight was gral alg Repeated ations ~eitiesm edi requeney adver this ses similar tothe use of present continous When ane was at che was lays Tsing thing + ed to describe general habitations, without the sense of Past simple bused for this meaning tcism mentioned abo When lived in Lonon,E walked throug the parker Past perfect simple and continuous rare aleady talking about the past, and we want the tain ad let We use the past perfect when goback oan eater past Compare this wit he rain left ive mates before go 1 fee talk about a sequence af ast events imple, expecially with quick, short order tht they happened we rote common se the pas on‘GRAMMAR 3 PAST TIME data! «an be made in past perfect vet forms fr evens further back inthe past ‘Thad Bon ving na beste up to then While had been talking othe hone, nny hed exaped. The whole place wa deserted but twas obvious that someone had been living there They been cooking nth kitchen fora start and they had sathered to lar xp the mes ‘8 Past perfect i also common in reported speech, See Grammar 13, ‘Past perfect snot used simply to describe an even inthe distant pas Used toand would “This often contrasts withthe present. The contrast may by stated or understood, There Iso present tense form ws sed to go swimming alt (bt {doit no). “The negative form is either: I did ss 1 of I used na (eat foe some speakers) “The form dd used to may sao be found. This is usualy considered incorrect, unless we consider aed fo 3 an unchanging semi-modal form, Would This describes repeated actions, nt states. It describes habitual activity which was ‘opie operon or time period very week held by his mather a bunch of flowers. habtsl activity) [used to ke cowboy fas. Where we use would 0 describe habia activity used to is alo possible hey wath heed bay his mother bur owe ‘Would e more common in writen language and often occurs in reminiscences Unfulfilled past events 1 These describe events intended to take place, but which id not happen. Twas going fo phone you but Ingo. 1a thinking of going fo aly this year but Ihave aided {wa about odo but started doing something ee Jack was to have taken prt, ute el il ‘The contrasting past event i often understood, but not stad ow are ou? Iwas going to phone you. (bat died Polite forms These ate common with woud Twas wondering fou wanted to come othe cinema See Grammar 9 and 10 for commento hi Contrasts with present perfect verb forms See Grammar 4for contrat between pst simple and presen perfect ver forms. Past ver forms are also ured to express unreal time. See Garmmar 7 and 8ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE +1 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 1 When you pase the tov hl lock, dd ys notce/were you noticing wh tet ToS night my neighbours ware soutngwold shout for hows and I coulit geto sleep ‘Wen you ved in London, di ou user travelwere you trvelling by Bu resyone was having a good tne although not many people danced wre ain. Hla ely hungry because she dd eat/hadn ete al dy. (Werdctded vo ot the cinema, but before that we wend gone fora plea qtiooka while or me to notice, ba then Ii Everyone stared/nas staring tm ‘What had done wrong? Py boshesed fo tell me thal the schoo decdedhad decided to have special holy on Fda. Tyne ged wo getin couch wth youl day yesterday. Where were You? {Excuse me, bat his seats mine ‘Tim sory did! realize wouldnt realize that you wee sting hee 2 Undedtine the correct word or phrase in each sentence, 1 Qnce/Afierwards Td vead the instructions 1 found It easy assemble the bokeass 2 lrwasenore than a month befor ealized what had happened 5 Tmanaged to all to Cara ust ashe she was leaving {1 eval wtp fo 198 that Nigel could afford to tak lidays bros 5. Goong saya et me know by he tnelwhenever he was gong tbe le. 6 ls ving a ath a he meth tne, 01 Ast hear he doorbell, ‘We bought our ickets and five mints aferlater the tan arsve {cording to Grands peopl aed to des formally tha day his dy. 5 taoryone was talking but stopped het timelth momext Me Smith asve, 10 ‘The letter ill had arrived Bunt the end ofthe werGRAMMAR 5 PASTTIME |3 Decide ifthe verb form underlined is correc or not. fits corect, write tick (Wisi not, correct it Text} The tain (1) ground toa Pal ata small station mils from London, and i (2) ecame apparent that (3) had broken down. Everyone (4) uns gating their cases down tom the luggage racks, and we (5) were wating on te pltform inthe freeing wind for hous unt the next tran (6) was tumiog up Text2 “The mysterious disappearance of Professor Dawson (1) was on Inspector Gorse mind. Si months befoe the Professors csappearance, he (2) was eceving @ eter from Jean Dawson, the Professors wien te ete, Jan (3) cased her husband of pong to murder her Gorse (4) considered his net step wher the phone rang It was Sergeart Adams from the Trames Valley police force. A sherman (5) discouece 2 body in the rer, and i (6) fied the description ofthe Press. 2 4 6 44 Complete te text witha suitable past tense form of the verbs in brackets Tse as year (1) as. (ce inthe an tng a uty oad in Fane wh a endo mp Me (2) on {eset goon ayaa Noma Nite ot ao) te) a race bere, bat (). (boom same Freeh om cre at sola (8) (marage)tobrash othe bascs Now (8) oe wonder # we (7) (alee ight ction We (8) be (va) or et carey ada, bt we (2) (tga one ‘moat ig te west (10) news (A ely sneer aril and hat ike (11) seen) ping in the wing room taal statin. Then the et orig 35 We (12) none dun 2 tee il my (13) (ei) onthe wt ed ar (14). (a 0.1 (15) nnn ea) Fmd (16) nnn ak) my arm, an aera vt he a asp (i (cate) th net tran ta Calo he ery he, Wray ny pens (18) enn tae) me home ra obit an 19) ann 8) 2m) on eli, $9 (20) nnn Senda miserable couple of wes aloe, edn Teach Youre Freeha a ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE '5 Complete the second sentence so that thas a similar meaning to the st Sentence, using the word given. De not change the word give. {intended to call you yesterday, but | forgot. going 2s ona, callyou yesterday, but forget. 2 Sylvia atked i wanted more pudding, ut sid I could ea any more had When Syvi offered enough | 3 Owing oils, aly wat unable to sing the Slo a arranged are sally ws ute (Caro wast lays a ude ae that. be Caro. ride ‘Vice changed our minds about going to Rome a rigialy intended, intending We we've changed our minds ‘When lived in London, cycling to work was part of my daily oti. sed ‘When lived in London, 1 might possibly go tothe theatre tonight wondering 1 ong othe theatre tonight Thad to go past your houses decided to dep in pausing It 0 I decd to drop in, ‘Abou 100 people were wating forthe late bus arrived By about 100 people wating ‘What were you doing atthe moment ofthe explosion? occurred When what were you doing?GRAMMAR 3 PASTIME 6 Ineach sentence decide whether one, or both, ofthe alternative verb forms ‘ivan ae appropriate WeiteOfor one or B for bot. In those days J always edt ge pg pearly nthe morning... When gt tothe cinema Jack tings ating for me ie woul aay haere always having breakfast in bed on Sundays Mary was always faling‘alway fl il befor important examinations. ovo a motorcycle and seca. My sisters Pay no tention o Dave's remarks, He war meaning dit mean i [fet al afer lunch. atrhad eat Brenda fh ef before Tad time tt ‘he explnation was simple, In 1781 HMS Sovereign, on he way back from India ha sghedsighted an empty boat diting off the Africa coast 1 always ooking ke 10 Pauline has changed alot, She dh away se 1 Lol/nas that Complete the text by writing one word in each space. T ence () S02. a year in France, sadying French al the University of Grenoble Every Friday 1 2) eat at the Alps café T never (2) fo spend much money, a2 I could not afford i, but it). my local 5 and I enjoged siting there Anyway. the sory Tin going o ill you is something that 100 one day when I (6 cating there if you'd like to take a wk with me in the park? FB) never seen her before, so I was rather shocked. T 0) about fo follow her when rnoliced a tough-tooking man waiching our every movement. Realizing that any roliced hin the gil whispered 40 me, in English, Dont worry boul him! Park ~ five minues!, and then disappeared. Well, my bi ages to arrive, and by the tne T (8) lo the perk there uns no sign of the gi asked an od lady who was siting Were if she had (1) non & young girl wating around. I described the gel to her The She had ales left me 4 note It sad thing. Meet me on platform 6 Ate tn cent ten[ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE {8 Complete exch sentence witha sultable past tense form ofthe verbs in brackets. 1 reine that someone ig. my wallet when (fel ft their hand in my jacket pocket 2 Wheat (phone Helen ast night he. (ast) here. enough. Nobody watch) so thelitle boy (take) the packet of sweet from the shelf and (pet) itia he pocket notes) that ese) ry mbrel on the sunt (tart tonin Atschoal (dislike) the mathe teacher becouse he (alwaysplc) ‘Wherever Marion find) 4 jo, there was someone who (know) thar she (go) to prion Several eas later (ind ot) that duringall the time erie) to my pen fend ay mother (open and reading the reps! ootunderstond) what (goon) several people (out) ‘at me, and one passerby (wave). {newspaper in ron of my fice, 1 know) 1(@0) well ny exams ven before (cece) pees rol, > seEAISO Grammar a: resent perfect, CContlidaton Unis 1-8 ‘Grammar 9 and 10: Modals ‘Gramma 13: Reported speechADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE : 51 mesg Grammar 4 Grammar 3