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05b CAJOT Example EC FireDesign WS PDF
05b CAJOT Example EC FireDesign WS PDF
CAJOT Louis-Guy
ArcelorMittal
The Building (R+5)
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 2
120mm slab
COFRAPLUS 60
Composite beams
IPE450
Partially encased
composite columns
HE260A
Bracing system
Structure grid of the composite building
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
6m 6m 6m 6m 6m
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Bracing system
A
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
14 m
S1 S1
7m
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Structure grid of the composite building
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 4
Ö Self weight G1
9Composite slab unit weight : 2.12 kN/m²
9Steel structural members
Ö Permanent load G2
9Finishing, embedded services, partitions : 1.50 kN/m²
Ö Façade G3 : 2 kN/m
Ö Characteristic values of variable loads and ψ factors
Type qk ψ1 ψ2
Live load on floors 4.0 kN/m² 0.7 0.6
Snow on roof 1.7 kN/m² 0.2 0.0
Structure grid of the composite building
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 5
Structural members
Ö Composite slab
9 Total thickness: 12 cm
9 Steel deck: COFRAPLUS60
9 Thickness of steel deck: 0.75 mm
9 Continuous slab over 2 spans
Ö Secondary beams
9 IPE450 linked with headed studs to the composite slab; fire
protected steel sections
9 Alternative : Partially encased composite beams IPE450; fire
protection obtained through partial encasement
Ö Columns for ground level
9 Facade columns: Partially encased HEA260
9 Alternative: Fully encased HEB160
Structure grid of the composite building
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
6m 6m 6m 6m 6m
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Bracing system
A
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
14 m
S1 S1
7m
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Structure grid of the composite building
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
6m 6m 6m 6m 6m
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Bracing system
A
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
14 m
S1 S1
7m
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 8
Summary of data
3m 3m
Material characteristics
Geometric parameters
COFRAPLUS60
1m
l1
l3
1φ8 per rib
= 2,51 cm²/m
h1 = 62 mm h2 = 58 mm h3 = 0
l1 = 101 mm l2 = 62 mm l3 = 106 mm
Application field
A 1 A 1
ti = ( −28,8) + 1,55 ⋅ h1' + ( −12,6) ⋅ Φ + 0,33 ⋅ + ( −735 ) ⋅ + 48 ⋅ ⋅
Lr l3 Lr l 3
a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5
[min] [min/mm] [min] [min/mm] mm·min [min]
-28,8 1,55 -12,6 0,33 -735 48
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 12
A 1 A 1
ti = ( −28,8) + 1,55 ⋅ 62 + ( −12,6) ⋅ Φ + 0,33 ⋅ + ( −735 ) ⋅ + 48 ⋅ ⋅
Lr 106 Lr 106
h3=0
h1=62
h2=58
Exposed Surface
l2 = 62
1 1
ti = ( −28,8) + 1,55 ⋅ 62 + ( −12,6) ⋅ Φ + 0,33 ⋅ 25,6 + ( −735 ) ⋅ + 48 ⋅ 25,6 ⋅
106 106
½ l3 l1= 101 ½ l3 = 53
⎛l +l ⎞
h2 ⋅ ⎜ 1 2 ⎟
h1=62
A ⎝ 2 ⎠
= = 25,6 mm
Lr 2
⎛l −l ⎞
l 2 + 2 ⋅ h22 + ⎜ 1 2 ⎟
h2=58 ⎝ 2 ⎠
Exposed Surface
l2 = 62
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 14
1 1
ti = ( −28,8) + 1,55 ⋅ 62 + ( −12,6) ⋅ 0,727 + 0,33 ⋅ 25,6 + ( −735 ) ⋅ + 48 ⋅ 25,6 ⋅
106 106
ti = 71min
½ l3 l1= 101 ½ l3 = 53
h3=0
View factor
h1=62
⎡ 2 2⎤
⎛ l − l ⎞ ⎛ l − l ⎞
Φ = ⎢ h2 + ⎜ l 3 + 1 2 ⎟ − h2 + ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ ⎥ l 3 = 0,727
2 2
⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
h2=58
Exposed Surface
l2 = 62
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 15
Minimal effective thickness of the slab heff to satisfy the thermal insulation criteria
I 30 60-h3
h3 = 0 ; heff = 85mm
I 60 80-h3 I 60
I 90 100-h3
I 120 120-h3
I 180 150-h3
I 240 175-h3
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 16
+
Calculation of the sagging moment resistance Mfi,t,Rd
1 A
Temperature distribution in the steel decking : θa = b0 + b1 ⋅ + b 2 ⋅ + b3 ⋅ Φ + b 4 ⋅ Φ 2
l3 Lr
Fire
Part of the b0 b1 b2 b3 b4
Concrete resistance ½ l3 l1= 101 ½ l3 = 53
Steel decking [°C] [°C·mm] [°C/mm] [°C] [°C]
[min]
Lower flange 951 -1197 -2.32 86.4 -150.7 h3=0
For the different parts of the steel decking, the temperatures at 60 minutes are :
1
Upper Flange θa = 951 − 1197 ⋅ − 2,32 ⋅ 25,6 + 86,4 ⋅ 0,727 − 150,7 ⋅ 0,727 2 = 863 °C
106
1
Web θa = 661 − 833 ⋅ − 2,96 ⋅ 25,6 + 537,7 ⋅ 0,727 − 351,9 ⋅ 0,7272 = 782 °C
106
1
Lower Flange θa = 340 − 3269 ⋅ − 2,62 ⋅ 25,6 + 1148,4 ⋅ 0,727 − 679,8 ⋅ 0,7272 = 718 °C
106
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 18
u3 A 1
Temperature of the reinforcing bar in the rib : θs = c 0 + c1 ⋅ + c2 ⋅ z + c3 ⋅ + c 4 ⋅ α + c5 ⋅
h2 Lr l3
½ l3 = 53 l1 = 101 ½ l3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
with = + + = + +
h1 = 62 z u1 u2 u3 35,8 35,8 20
→ z = 1,79 mm0,5
h2 = 58
u1 u2 Fire resistance c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5
Concrete
α = 70° [min] [°C] [°C] [°C/mm0.5] [°C/mm] [°C/°] [°C]
u3
u2 = 35,8mm
u3 = 20mm
20 1
(axis distances) θs = 1191 − 250 ⋅ − 240 ⋅ 1,79 − 5,01 ⋅ 25,6 + 1,04 ⋅ 71,4 − 925 ⋅ = 612 °C
58 106
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 19
Bearing capacity of the different parts of the steel decking and the reinforcing bar :
Reduction Partial
Temperature fy,i,θ Fi
factor area
θi [°C] [kN/cm²] [kN]
ky,i [-] Ai [cm²]
Lower flange 863 0,078 0,465 2,74 1,274
Web 782 0,131 0,918 4,60 4,221
Upper flange 718 0,209 0,795 7,31 5,813
Rebar in the rib 612 0,367 0,503 18,34 9,22
ky
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
θ [°C]
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 20
zpl
Z
Equilibrium of the horizontal forces
∑ Fi = α slab ⋅ (l 1 + l 3 ) ⋅ zpl ⋅ fc
½ l3 = 53 l1 = 101 ½ l3
Upper flange 5,813 6,16 35,820 Than, for a slab width equal to 1m,
Reinforcing bar in the rib 9,22 10,0 92,196
∑ Mi 1,769
Mfi+,Rd = = = 8,5 kNm / m
Concrete -20,527 0,23 -4,79 rib width 0,207
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 21
-
Calculation of the hogging moment resistance Mfi,t,Rd
Y
A 1
θlim = d0 + d1 ⋅ Ns + d2 ⋅ + d3 ⋅ Φ + d4 ⋅ (Ns = 26,6 kN is the normal force in the upper reinforcing bar )
Lr l3
Fire resistance d0 d1 d2 d3 d4
[min] [°C] [°C].N [°C].mm [°C] [°C].mm
60 867 -1,9.10-4 -8,75 -123 -1378
Normal weight
90 1055 -2,2.10-4 -9,91 -154 -1990
concrete
120 1144 -2,2.10-4 -9,71 -166 -2155
1
θlim = 867 − 1,9 ⋅ 10 − 4 ⋅ 26600 − 8,75 ⋅ 25,6 − 123 ⋅ 0,727 − 1378 ⋅ = 535°C
106
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 22
IV
III
½ l3
h2
I II
X
l 2
The parameter z of the formula D.9 is obtained from the equation for the
determination of the temperature of the reinforcing bar, assuming that u3/h2 = 0,75
and θs = θlim
u3 A 1
θlim = c 0 + c1 ⋅ + c2 ⋅ z + c3 ⋅ + c 4 ⋅ α + c5 ⋅
h2 Lr l3
1 1
θlim − c 0 − 0,75 ⋅ c1 − 25,6 ⋅ c 3 − 71,4 ⋅ c 4 − c 5 ⋅ 535 − 1191 + 0,75 ⋅ 250 + 25,6 ⋅ 5,01 − 71,4 ⋅ 1,04 + 925 ⋅
⇒z= 106 = 106 = 1,69 mm0,5
c2 ( −240)
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 23
XI = 0 ⎛ 2 h2 ⎞
Y α = arctan ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎝ l1 − l 2 ⎠
1 YI
XII = l2 + ⋅ (cos α − 1)
2 sin α
( )
IV
III
c = − 8 1 + 1 + a si a ≥ 8
1 b
c = + 8 (1 + 1 + a ) si a < 8
XIII = l1 − ½ l3
h2
2 sin α I II
X
1
XIV = (l1 + l 3 ) l 2
2
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 24
IV
III
½ l3
h2
I II
X
l 2
Reduction Partial
Temperature fy,i,θ Fi
factor area
θi [°C] [kN/cm²] [kN]
ky,i [-] Ai [cm²]
⎛ 1 ⎞
The horizontal equilibrium gives : ∑ i ⎜ tgβ pl
F = ⎜ ⋅ z 2
+ 47,4 ⋅ z pl ⎟
⎟ ⋅ 0,85 ⋅ fc
⎝ ⎠
The negative moment resistance of the composite slab, for a rib width of 207mm is given by :
∑M i = 118,7 kNcm
M −
=
∑ Mi =
1,187
= 5,734 kNm / m
fi,Rd
rib width 0,207
Verification of the composite slab
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 26
Efi,d = Gk + ψ1,1 Qk,1 pfi,d = 1,0 * (0,085 + 2,03 + 1,5) + 0,6 * 4 = 6,02 kN/m²
For a slab width equal to 1m, the bearing capacity may be deduced from the sagging and
hogging moment by the following relation :
2M−fi,Rd + 4M+fi,Rd
p fi,Rd =
l2
2
l2
⋅ M −
fi,Rd ++2M +
fi,Rd
2
− M(−
fi,Rd
2
)
2 ⋅ 5,734 + 4 ⋅ 8,5 2
p fi,Rd = + ⋅ (5 ,734 + 2 ⋅ 8,5 )2
− 5 ,734 2
32 32
pfi,Rd = 9,98 kN/m² > pfi,d = 6,02 kN/m²
1 2 3 4 5 6
6m 6m 6m 6m 6m
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Bracing system
A
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
14 m
S1 S1
7m
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 31
Data
l=3
m
5 0) S355
l=3
m 4 m (IPE4
L=1
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 32
Concrete : hc = 120 mm h1
beff = 3000 mm h2
C25/30 l2
fc = 25 N/mm²
l1 l3
High density
IPE450
spray
(vermiculite)
Loads
Permanents loads:
Steel decking : gt,k = 0,085 kN/m²
Concrete : gb,k = 2,03 kN/m²
Permanent load : gc,k = 1,5 kN/m²
Self weight of the profile : Ga,k = 0,776 kN/ml
Variable load:
Variable load : qk = 4,0 kN/m²
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 35
l=3
m
5 0) S355
l=3 E4
m 4 m (IP
L=1
Ffi,d = 1,25 ⋅ [( gk,1 + ψ 2,1 ⋅ qk,1 ) ⋅ l ] + G a,k = 1,25 ⋅ [(3,62 + 0,6 ⋅ 4 ) ⋅ 3] + 0,776 = 23,332 kN/m
Calculated moment:
Ffi,d ⋅ L2
23,332 ⋅ 14 2
Mfi,Ed = = = 571,6 kNm 571,6
8 8 η fi,t = = 0,537
1065,3
MRd = 1065,3 kNm (see Calculation Note)
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 36
Critical temperature method Table 3.2: Reduction factors kθ for stress-strain relationships
of structural steel at elevated temperatures.
Determination of the critical T°
For R60 η fi,t = fay,θ cr / fay Steel
Temperature kE,θ kp,θ ky,θ ku,θ
θa[°C]
fay,θ cr
= 0,537 20 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,25
fay
100 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,25
θcr = 578°C
200 0,90 0,807 1,00 1,25
Resistance 300 0,80 0,613 1,00 1,25
% of the nominal value 400 0,70 0,420 1,00
⎡⎛ λ p /d p ⎞⎛ A p,i ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
Δθ a,t = ⎢⎜⎜ ⎟⎜
⎟⎜ V
⎟⎜ ⎟ (
⎟⎝ 1 + w/3 ⎠ tθ − θ a,t )Δt ⎥ − e [(
w/10
− 1 Δθ t ) ]
⎢⎣⎝ c a ρ a ⎠⎝ i ⎠ ⎥⎦
with :
Ca specific heat of the steel ; varying according to the steel temperature [J/(kg.K)] (§3.3.1(4))
ρa density of the steel [kg/m3] (§ 3.4(1))
λp thermal conductivity of the fire protection material [W/m°K]
dp thickness of the fire protection material [m]
Ap,i is the area of the inner surface of the fire protection material per unit length of the part i of the steel
member [m²/m]
Vi volume of the part i of the steel cross section per unit length [m3/m]
Ap,i /Vi section factor of the part i of the insulated steel cross-section [m-1]
Δt time interval (less than 5sec) [s]
⎛ c pρp ⎞ ⎛ A p,i ⎞
w = ⎜⎜ ⎟d p ⎜
⎟ ⎜ V
⎟
⎟ where cp specific heat of the fire protection material [J/kg°K]
⎝ c aρa ⎠ ⎝ i ⎠ ρp density of the fire protection material [kg/m3]
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 38
Steel temperature
Am/V
after 60’
[m-1]
[°C]
1200
1000
Steel temperature [°C]
800
Protected IPE450
600
θcr = 578°C
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
time [min]
t = 88min
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 40
ky,θ
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
θ [°C]
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 41
The steel profile is subjected to a tensile force T which could be calculated by the following way
fay,θ 1⋅ b⋅ e f + fay,θ w ⋅ h w ⋅ e w + fay,θ 2 ⋅ b⋅ e f
T= = 2334,096 kN
γ M,fi,a
The location of the tensile force (with regard to the bottom flange) is given by the following equation :
⎛ b ⋅ e 2f ⎞ ⎛ h ⎞ ⎛ e ⎞
fay,θ1 ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟ + fay,θw (h w ⋅ e w )⎜ e f + w ⎟ + fay,θ2 (b ⋅ e f )⎜ h − f ⎟
2 ⎟ 2 ⎠ 2⎠
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝
yT = = 222,6 mm
T ⋅ γ M,fi,a
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 42
T ≤ N ⋅ Pfi,Rd with N is the number of connectors in the critical length of the beam
Pfi,Rd is the design shear resistance of one connector in fire
situation
'
Pfi,Rd,1 = 0,8 ⋅ k u,θ ⋅ PRd,1
Pfi,Rd = min
'
Pfi,Rd,2 = k c,θ ⋅ PRd,2
f c ⋅ E cm 25 ⋅ 30500
and P '
Rd,2 = 0,29 ⋅ α ⋅ d ⋅ 2
= 0,29 ⋅ 1,0 ⋅ 19 2 ⋅ = 91kN
γ M,fi,v 1,0
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 43
0.6
0.4
0.2
192 384
0 θ [°C]
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
F hu
fc,20°C / γ M,fi,c
hd hc=heff
hcr
fay,θ2 / γ M,fi,a
yF
fay,θw / γ M,fi,a
T
Location of the force F :
yT
fay,θ1 / γ M,fi,a y F ≈ h+ hc − (hu / 2) = 52 cm
Mfi,Ed 571,6
Mfi,Rd = T⋅ (y F − y T ) = 692,4 kNm Verification : = = 0,83 < 1
Mfi,Rd 692,4
fay,θ
Vpl,fi,Rd = A v ⋅
3 ⋅ γ M,fi,a
292,5 p⋅l
Vpl,fi,Rd = 5090 ⋅ = 859,5 kN > Vfi,Ed = = 163,33 kN OK
3 ⋅ 1,0 2
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 47
7.00
6.00
5.00
R30
Thickness (mm) 4.00 R60
R90
3.00 R120
2.00
1.00
0.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
A/V (m‐1)
Verification of the composite beam
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 48
IPE450
4φ16
Structure grid of the composite building
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 49
Composite columns
S2
1 2 3 4 5 6
6m 6m 6m 6m 6m
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Bracing system
A
Bracing system
Bracing system
7m
14 m
S1 S1
7m
C
Bracing system
S2
S1 - S1
Verification of the composite column
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 50
Summary of data
Partially encased composite column
Height = 3,40 m
Geometrical characteristics and material properties
Profile : HEA 260
h = 250 mm Z
b = 260 mm
ew u2
ew = 7,5 mm
ef
ef = 12,5 mm
Aa = 8680 mm²
fy = 460 N/mm² Y
h
P
IPE4
5
pp=0 0
,776
q1
kN/ m
50
IPE4 776kN/m
0, 4m
3.4 m pp= L=1
HE260A
pp=0,682kN/m
Inertia
⎡ π ⋅ d 4 π ⋅ d2 ⎛b ⎞
2
⎤
Rebars : Is,z = 4⋅⎢ + ⎜ − u 2⎟ ⎥ = 1324,6 cm 4
⎢⎣ 64 4 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎡ π ⋅ d 4 π ⋅ d2 ⎛ h ⎞ ⎤
2
h.b3
Concrete : Ic,z = − Iz − Is,z = 31730 cm 4
12
b . h3
Ic,y = − Iy − Is,y = 22080 cm 4
12
Verification of the composite column
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 53
h = 250 mm
h and b > 300 mm NO
b = 260 mm
u1 = 52mm
u1 and u2 > 50 mm YES
u2 = 60mm
As 2463
> 4% = 4,4% YES
Ac + As 538,6 + 2463
lθ ≤ 13,5b = 13,5 . 0,26 = 3,51m lθz = lθy = 0,7 . 3,4 = 2,38 m YES
1% ≤ A s /( A c + A s ) ≤ 6% 24,63/(538,6+24,63)=4,4% YES
Method applicable
lfi=0,7L
Verification of the composite column
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 55
(EI) fi,f,z = 210000 ⋅ 0,083 ⋅ (12,5 ⋅ 2 60 3 )/6 = 640,4 kN.m 2 0 300 600 900 1200
Temperature [°C]
Verification of the composite column
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 56
Plastic resistance : [ ]
N fi,pl,Rd,w = e w (h − 2e f − 2h w,fi )f ay,w,t /γ M,fi,a
Effective stiffness : [ ]
(EI) fi,w,z = E a,w (h − 2e f − 2h w,fi )e 3w /12
(EI) fi,w,z = (210000 (250 − 2 ⋅ 12,5 − 2 ⋅ 32,4 )7,5 )/12 = 1,18 kN.m
3 2
Verification of the composite column
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 57
Concrete
Reduced thickness of concrete : bc,fi bc,fi
Standard fire
bc,fi [mm]
resistance
R30 4,0
R60 15,0
R90 0,5(Am/V)+22,5
bc,fi
R120 2,0(Am/V)+24,0
kc,θ
θc,t = 356°C kc,θ=0,79 1
0.79 0.8
30 ⋅ 0,79 0
E c,sec,θ = = 2746,4 MPa
8,68 ⋅ 10 −3 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
356 θ [°C]
Plastic resistance :
Nfi,pl,Rd,c = 0,86{(h − 2e f − 2b c,fi )(b − e w − 2b c,fi ) − A s } fc,θ /γ M,fi,c
Effective stiffness :
[{ ( ) } ]
(EI) fi,c,z = E c,sec,θ (h − 2e f − 2b c,fi )(b − 2b c,fi ) 3 − e 3w /12 − Is,z
Reinforcing bars
Reduction factor for yield strength : ky,t u2
Standard fire u [mm]
resistance 40 45 50 55 60
R30 1 1 1 1 1
R60 0,789 0,883 0,9763 1 1
R90 0,314 0,434 0,572 0,696 0,822
R120 0,170 0,223 0,288 0,367 0,436
u1
Reduction factor for Young modulus : kE,t
(EI) fi,eff,z = ϕ f,θ (EI) fi,f,z + ϕ w,θ (EI) fi,w,z + ϕc,θ (EI) fi,c,z + ϕ s,θ (EI) fi,s,z
Standard fire
φf,θ φw,θ φc,θ φs,θ
resistance
R30 1,0 1,0 0,8 1,0
R60 0,9 1,0 0,8 0,9
R90 0,8 1,0 0,8 0,8
R120 1,0 1,0 0,8 1,0
(EI) fi,eff,z = 0,9 ⋅ 640,4 + 1,0 ⋅ 1,18 + 0,8 ⋅ 509,5 + 0,9 ⋅ 1881,4 = 2678,4 kN. m 2
Verification of the composite column
Workshop ‘Structural Fire Design of Buildings according to the Eurocodes’ – Brussels, 27-28 November 2012 61
π 2 ⋅ 2678,4
Nfi,cr,z = = 4667 kN
2,38 2
Slenderness ratio :
Nfi,pl,R 2748
λθ = = = 0,767 c c urve → χ z = 0,683
Nfi,cr,z 4667
Nfi,Rd,z = χ z ⋅ Nfi,pl,Rd
(EI) fi,eff,y = ϕ f,θ (EI) fi,f,y + ϕ w,θ (EI) fi,w,y + ϕc,θ (EI) fi,c,y + ϕ s,θ (EI) fi,s,y = 4097,1kN. m 2
π 2 ⋅ (EI) fi,eff,y
Euler buckling load Nfi,cr,y = 2
= 7138,8 kN
l θy
Nfi,pl,R
Slenderness ratio λθ = = 0,62
Nfi,cr,y
hc = 280
Tabulated data
c HEB160
c
4φ12
hc Standard Fire Resistance
us
bc = 280
us
bc
R30 R60 R90 R120 R180 R240
Minimum dimensions hc and bc [mm] 150 180 220 300 350 400
1.1 minimum concrete cover of steel section c [mm] 40 50 50 75 75 75
1.2 minimum axis distance of reinforcing bars us [mm] 20* 30 30 40 50 50
1.3
or
2.1 Minimum dimensions hc and bc [mm] - 200 250 350 400 -
2.2 minimum concrete cover of steel section c [mm] - 40 40 50 60 -
2.3 minimum axis distance of reinforcing bars us [mm] - 20* 20* 30 40 -
Table 4.4: Minimum cross-sectional dimensions, minimum concrete cover of the steel section and minimum axis
distance of the reinforcing bars, of composite columns made of totally encased steel sections.