Must For class or self-study Reading and Writing Jeremy Harmer Hh. Marshall Cavendish London ¢ Singapore * New YorkThe Just Series The Just series is an integrated series of books that can be used on their own of, when used together, that make up a complete course with a consistent methodological approach. The Just series is designed for individual skills and language development either as part of a classroom-based course or @ self-study programme, The approach is learner-centred, ‘and each unit has clear aims, motivating topics ‘and interesting practice activities. ‘The Just series is for adult intermediate leamers and can be used as general preparation material for exams at this level. The Just series has four titles: Just Listening and Speaking 0 462 00714.6 Just Reading and Writing 0 462 00711 1 Just Grammor0 452 00713 8 Just Vocabulary 482 00712 X © 2006 Marsa Cavendish Ls Fiat pubished 2004 by Marsal Cavendish Lit [Marsal Cavendicn sa member ofthe Times Publishing Group ‘Al rights reserved; po part ths pubetion may be reproduce, stored ins rete! system rareited in any for, o by any means, tectonic, mechani, photocopying recording or otherwise without the pro ten persion a he pushers Marshall Cavendish XT 119 Wardour Svest London WiFOUW Designed b Har MeLeod, Cambridge ustratians by Yore Civstansen, Rod Hunt ard Jenifer Ward Printed and bound ty ines Ott (Sn Be Miatayia Photo acknowledgements 8 All pictures by Ronald Grant Archive; p12 Rex Features; ‘p14 The Argus, Brighton [chard Grange; p21 PRoyalty- Free(Corbis; p22 °S0 Hing-Keuna/Cobis; 923 top °Martin PeterslimageState/Alamy: 923 Topham Ficturepoint; 124 Pitures Colour Library; p26 By permission of Penguin Books; 125 Ronald Grant Archive: p27 Ronald Grant Archive; £28 topfoottom Robert Harding World Imagery/Robert Harding Picture Library LtdjAlamy; p30 Tim Heatherington/Network Photographers; p36 Bettman/Corbs; p36 Rex Features; 137 Corbis; p38 Marshall Cavendish Archive; p38 The Bridgeman ‘Art Library, Forrait of An Boleyn{ 1507-36), Second wife of Henry Vil of England, 1534 by English School (16th centur) Hever Caste td, Kent, UX; p38 The Bridgeman Art Library Portrait of Catherine Howard (e1620-4.1642) Sth Queen of Henry Vil from ‘Memoirs of the Court of Qucen Elizabeth’, ‘published in 1825 (w/e and gouache on paper by Sarah Countess of Essex id. (1838) Private Collection The Stapleton Collection; p38 The Bridgeman Art Library Portrait of Catherine Parr (1512-48) sith wife of Henry Vl (1491-1547) (panel by English School (16th Century, National Portrait Gallery Landon Uk, Roger-Velet, Paris; p38 AKG London/Erc Lessing Jane ‘Seymour {1505-37 p38 AKG London/Erc Lessing Anne of Cleves (1515-57 p3B AKG London Catherine of Aragon (1485-1836); ‘p44 Tophom Picturepoint; 944 Marshall Cavendish Archive; 150 Ronald Grant Archive; p80 Jean Michel Sascuiat, The Horn Players, 1983 €ADAGP, Pats and DACS, London 2002/The Broad Art Foundation; 54 a-f Reeve Photography: pS d 2H, Rogers/Art Directors and Trp; p20 K Khattia/Alamy: B64 Reeve Photography; p66 Paul Almasy/Corbis; po Ronald Grant Archive; p68 By permission of Margaret Johnson! Cambridge University Press p70 By permission of Harper Cllins Publisher; p70 By permission of Penguin Books; p70 By permission of Random House; p70 By permission of Faber and Feber For ther book cover ‘Kitchen’ by Banana Yoshimoto; 170 Little Brown; p74 Lina Amoft: p76 Reeve Photography: 7 Redflerns; p80 Paul Lowe! Penos Pictures: pB1 by kind permission of David Wilde 62002 Delphian Records Lt. Text acknowledgements 14 based on Pane crashes into house, Sally Mail 02/04/01; 18 based on Shopping by John Cree, “Guarian; 124 Backpackrland, based on an article by Jason Burke, Observer Newspapers p25 Extract from The Beach, Alex Garland (Viking, 1896) Alex Garland, 1986; p30 No Home, No ob, No Worries °C) Stone, from The Big Issue 1117 August 1987; 12 The Confession Brian Patten; p23 | Am Completely Different, transiation James Kirkup, original Karoda Saburo; 142How to make those New Year's resolutions tick, Or Pauline Wallin; pa4 Marathon marcage just the tp of the feberg, based ‘Angel of the Bridge "Daly Mail 22/08/01; p62 Neighbour bites dag in fence dispte, Sleremy Harmer, reprinted by permission ‘of Pearson Education Limited; p60 Wired? Not worth i! based ‘on Dumbing Us Down Theodore Rosenak, News Internationalist issue 26, December 1996; p68 Extract from All| want Margaret Johnson; p74 Not just a man's game, based on Something fr the Laies Stephanie Mert, Gbserer Sports Monthly, Apel 2001; 84 Rachel, taken from Trumpet Voluntary, Jeremy Harmer; 26 Is This Love? A Closer Look, based on an article by Bob NarindraContents Unit 1A Check your character B The story of Eugene Onegin C Personal reports Unit 2 A Overalls B Not a very ordinary day C Headlines and newspapers Unit 3 A Supermarkets B Shopping and the Internet C Paragraph construction Unit 4 A Backpacking B The Beach € Text coherence Unit 5 A The von B Poems C Letter writing Unit G A Three women B A dangerous husband C Biography Unit 7 A Resolutions B The best place to get married? € Invitations 10 2 4 16 18 20 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 46 Unit 8 A Graffiti B From graffiti to art fame Making text work Unit 9 A Talking bodies B Surviving an interview C Summarising reports Unit 10 A the case against computers B Loving technology € txt msgng Unit 11 A Who wrote Shakespeare? B All| want C First lines Unit 12 A In the manager's office B The women of Fulham LFC C Using acronyms Unit 13 A the cellist B The story of Vedran Smailovie € Correcting and ordering Unit 14 A Rachel B How do you know it's love? C ‘Small ads’ Answer key 48 50 52 54 56 58 62 aes 2 74 76 78 84 86 88 89Introduction For the student Just Reading and Writing (Intermediate) is part of an integrated series of books designed for you to study on ‘your avn, or together with other students and a teacher. It will help you improve your reading and writing sili in English. We have chosen the texts and tasks carefully to offer an interesting and challenging mix of topies and language styles. We have included contemporary uses of English such as email, the Internet and text messaging This book has a lot of practice exercises to help you with reading and writing, When you see this symbol ( ©=) at the end of an exercise it means that you can refer to the Answer Key at the back of the book and check your answers there Although we encourage the use of dictionaries, our advice isnot to use one until you have done all the exercises in a section. If you use your dictionary too early ‘you may find it more difficult to understand the general meaning of the text. We are confident that this book will help you progress in English and, above al, that you will enjoy using it @O€ For the teacher The Just series is a flexible st of teaching materials thet ‘can be used on their own, or in any combination, or 352 set to form a complete integrated course. The Just series has been wiritten and designed using @ consistent methodological approach that allows the books to be used easily together. Each book inthe series specialises in either language skills or aspects of the English language It can be used either in class or by students working on their own, Just Reading and Writing consists of 14 units, containing a variety of reading texts and exercises on subjects such as music, graffiti information technology, football, tourism and survival. These are designed to give students experience of reading and writing in different styles of English. There is @ comprehensive Answer Key at the back of the book. and where free writing is rea an ‘example answer is given, ur aim has been to provide texts and tasks thet are in themselves stimulating and that could lead to any number of different activities once the exercises in this book have been completed. We are confident that you will find this book a real asset and that you will also want to try the other titles in ‘the series: Just Vocabulary, Just Grammar and Just Listening ond Speaking.oeA Check your character 1 Read the following personality questionnaire and choose an answer for each question. Ath end ofa romantic tlm when the | land the boy finally say they love "each other, do you: a wish you'd gone to fm wit ots of guns and explosions? b eel bored? coy? ‘OL ato ation or raative win in 2 Sports competion. Do you: cap politely but hapoily? bb clap entusiastialy, and encourage ater people todo te same? © jumo up and down, casting as Toucly as you car? ‘5 Fiday evening You've had along and fring week. Do you: Sy at hore an read book? 1 gota show or lm witha end? go toa club witha grup of ends? Sfifigone wants to talk to you about fF prablems while you era watching ‘a TV programme, Do you: a say ‘Not now, I'm walching lleision’? ' continue to waloh teovsion wile they tak? lum ofthe lelevision and fsten atenively? ‘Your brother's frend rings to say that Sees have pla to go out wth another fiend. Do you say How lovely to tear rm you. What a pty I'm just going ou"? 2 try ar fnd out how Tong he's going to slay before asking him over? ite him to your house stant away? TEVA UES OCC eAn WIE LOc Cea VILL Coa Fito citclsas something new you a wearing. Do you ay" don'cee wha you think. ike? bb decide never to wear i again? 1 go ome and change immediately? ‘=Safi¢one asks you to ave them alt if your ca, but they want to go ~ Somewhere different from you, Do you: a say im say, | dot want o go that way? by say ‘Yes, bt wasnt going to go that vay? say ‘Yes of course’, eventhough I's inconvenient? ‘Work, your boss asks you f you “can work atthe weekend t finish an irgent jab. Do you: a ‘eluse polly and say weekend i or my aril by say tim not sure, reed 0 tink about i’? © age immediatly bacase you ato be help? €or fee tke going to work or we schaol because you went toa party Test ight, Do you: a call and say "My nd Is feeing very wel. 'm slaying at home ta look tir tim’? by cal and say you ae i? «go Into work or school and iy your best? Sorfizone fals off thar bieycl in tha eet.n frant of you. Do you: @ cll out ‘Are you OK? bu keen on waking? b nto get help? 1 keep walkng because you have an Important appintment and you don't want to be te?UNIT 1: A 2 Check your answers with the questionnaire key (shown at the bottom of the page). Write the words that describe you. 0 Find the words in the questionnaire with the following meanings. (The first letter of each word is given.) The first answer is done for you. a Someone who is linked to you by marriage or blood is a relative, b If you do something with a lor of energy and passion you do it e. € If you listen, read or watch very carefully, yOu dO it 2.0 ewrnenne d Ifyou say something bad about someone or something you € Something that is not helpful because it wastes your time is i... £ If you do something to the best of your ability you tow... Look again at the questionnaire. Write three more questions about the situations below. Use the ‘questions in the questionnaire as models (give three alternatives, a, b and ¢) for each situation. If you can, find someone else to answer them. | You see o child crying at o bus stop. Do you:ao UNTEe »@B The story of Eugene Onegin 11 Read the story of Eugene Onegin (below) and then put the pictures (a-f) in the right order (1-6). Thee Sees atta (One of the greatest works of Russian literature is the poem Eugene Onegin by Aleksandr Pushkin (1799-1837}, Ever since its publication in 1825 it has remained popular. It was ‘made into an opera by the Russian composer ‘Tchaikovsky and, a few years ago, {nto a film starring the British actor Ralph Fiennes. The story of Eugene Oneyin tells of Madam Larina, a widow, who lives in the country with her two daughters, Olga and Tatiana, Olga is more cheerful and outgoing than her younger sister, who spends her time reading romantic novels, Oia is engnged tothe young landowner, Lensky. One day Lensky brings a friend from the city (St Petersburg) to visit Madam. ‘Larina and her daughters, He is Eugene Onegin, a man who bas decided to be cynical, unemotional and bored by life. Tatiana doesn't realise chis and falls passionately in love with him almost the moment she sees him. She writes a letter to tell him so, pouring out her adolescent heart, sure that he will answer her. But Onegin does not love Tatiana, of course, Atleast he does not love ‘Tove’, and so he tells her not to be so ridiculous, Tatiana is heartbroken, ‘A few days later Madam Larina throws a big party for Tatian’s birthday. People come from all the estates near hers, and there is much dancing and singing. Onegin is there too, but he isin a strange mood and, for his own amusement, he starts flirting with Olga. He jokes with her and dances with her, so that Lensky is First jealous and then absolutely furious. He challenges Onegin to a duel ‘The next morning, early, while the mis stil hangs over the lake near Madam Larina’s hhouse, the to men meet. They both know that fighting each other is stupid, but they can't stop what is about to happen. They take out thelr pistols. Onegin fires fist and lLenshy, his friend, falls to the ground. Onegin has killed him and so he has no choiee butto leave ~ and quickly. He goes to live abroad, away from Russia ‘Three years later he returns to St Petersburg, Enough time has passed, he thinks, for people to have forgotten about Lensky’s death. On his first night back home he goes to a big ball, All of St Petersburg society is there. Onegin sees a beautiful young girl dancing with her elderly husband, Prince Gremin, He can hardly cake his eyes off her and realises, suddenly, that it is Tatiana; he realises, ‘09, that he loves her ~ that he has always loved her. In an ironic twist of fate he now writes her his own letter pouring out his lave for her. She agrees to meet him, and he begs her to leave her husband to ‘4 ‘Tatiana is torn between her feelings for Onegin [whom she still loves) and her duty to Prince Gremin (who is kind to her and to whom, afterall, she is married). She is angry with (Onegin. Why has it taken him so long to realise how he feels about her? If only, ifonly. She tells him he has come too late, that however much she wants to she cen not wall away from sher marriage. This time itis Eugene Onegin who leaves the meeting with 2 broken heart, to wall the streets of St Petersburg in misery. Jn final twist of fate, in 1837, the writer ofthe poem, Pusibkin, was himselF killed in a ‘uel = jas like Lensky, the character in the storya twist of fate ‘can not walk away from challenges someone ta a duel fictional heartbrokeo ina strange mood landowner ‘outgoing passionately UNITI:B 9 Answer the following questions. The first one is done for you. 0 a Who challenges Onegin to a duel? um —heasley... a b Who falls in love with Onegin ¢ Who has a fiancée called Olga? ....... Who has two daughters? cnn e Who kills Lensky? £ Who starred in a film of Eugene Onegin? g Who married Tatiana? h Who asks Tatiana to leave her husband? .. 4 Who writes Letters? oe mnomremnnennnnennnnnennnnns j Who wrote the opera Eugente On0 git? scoccuenunewenenen kk Who wrote the poem Eugene Onegin? .. 1 Who was killed in 1837? Look at the way the words in the box are used in the story of Eugene ‘Onegin and then write them in the sentences. The first one is done for you. a If someone is a ....sidow.. it means her husband has died. b If someone... and passionately how they feel, _~ it means they tell you honestly ¢ If someone ..... oom it means they are asking someone to fight them, perhaps ta the death, d Ifsomeone ae _» something it means they can not abandon it. © TE someone 18 en = it means they feel different from usual and other people notice this, a in love it means they are very much in love, B TF SOMEONE IS neem friendly and enjoy meeting people. . it means they talk a lot, are h If someone is it means someone they love has left them or died and they are very sad. If someone i8 @ eecnennnm land, it means they have some jf Uf someone is enone svssnnene Character it means they do not really exist, bur they are in a story, film or play. k If something is sensible. 1 We call it thing happens. - it means it is silly, not _- when a strange, unexpected10 UNITE: C Personal reports 1. Miss Smith, the history teacher, wrote these reports about her students. In spite of his enthusiastic and is friendly vature, Tustin is often for despite mer iactobligene® stl to0 enstional. His romantic ideas often extromely assertive and vo of tus amuse the vest of the class and he gets abate to other members very upset because of their bemmviowt. eae ig obte impatient wits WF ne isa pity beonuse he is intelligent ofass: nd aensynparnotic: +2 their and often shows initiative. chassmates © sy dit fiewkties- Mig Sonn tries his best, at. He does not soem, nd because he is not very decisive The head of the college has asked Miss Smith to write the reports again (see a-c below), but this time to be completely positive. Which student is she writing about in each one? Beene mann iS & decisive and inteRigemt worker, shows considerable initiative and is vergy enthusiastic. Bb nen 18 comsientions, Friendly and pleasnact, and a plensure to have in the class with Us. Cm ——is a happy, sensitive student, obviously sincere, and a loyal classmate. Contributions to lass diseussion From this student are always interesting. ® Look at how the different linking words in the reports are followed by different grammatical patterns.UNIT: C11 Now combine phrases and sentences from Box A with phrases and sentences from Box C using one of the linking words in Box B. Write your answers in the spaces below (one is done for you). A B c He is happy although getting up early. Stephen is very excited ihe has just won the lottery He played a good game in spite of he is not very big. ‘She missed the train she Is not very intelligent. Arran is @ good football player because tis lottery win. Mark is not very popular his hard work. He falled his exam despite his friendly and enthusiastic manner. Sadia passed her exam feeling il because of tHe..is.-happy.ecause. he,hoS,.JUSt,..wan th AMY nner eameees 4 Write two reports about Andrew Tregarron using the appropriate information given in the box below. in the first report you should be honest, and in the second more positive. Follow the patterns you have looked at in Exercises 1-3 above. Report 1 a fast worker makes mistakes not very popular (tries too hard to make friends) ~ obsessed with music ~ Sometimes careless 7 {ries his best to make friends 7 i 7 Eee very creative very musicaloA Overalls 1 Read the newspaper report below and then answer these questions. a What saved someone? b Who was saved? smn ¢ What was he saved from? OVERALLS SAVE ABANDONED SAILOR by Washington correspondent Anthony Dorking A young US marine survived for nearly two days alone in the Arabian Sea, thanks to a pair of regulation overalls, according to the latest press release from the Pentagon. Lt Zachary Mayo, a 20yearold lance corporal in the US Navy, woke up and couldn't get back to sleep. His cabin was too hot and stuffy. He got off his bunk quietly so as not to wake his shipmates, He put his blue overalls over his shorts and T shirt he had been sleeping in, and left the cabin. Zachary Mayo went up onto the deck of the USS America, a huge aircraft carrier. It was two o'clock on a Friday morning, He breathed in the fresh air and looked up at the stars in the clear night sky. And then, without thinking, he leaned out too far and lost his footing. Before he knew it, he was in the water, watching the huge ship disappearing into the night. Nobody had seen hhim fall, and for nearly two days not one of the 4,700 crew realised he had gone. Mayo survived because at training camp two years before, he had been taught how to make ‘Clothes into life jackets. He took off his overalls and tied the arms and legs. Then he waved his ‘life jacket’ over his head and filled it with air so he could stay afloat. He did this many times during his ordeal. After 34 hours, Mayo was sure he would die. He hadn't seen any search planes, and twice he had seen sharks swimming around him. Both nights that he was in the water he was attacked by smaller fish and he was slowly dying of thirst. Finally he fell asleep. When he woke up his overalls were floating away from him. In a fit of madness he tore off his Tshirt and shorts and prepared to die. And then, half an hour later, Just before he lost consciousness, he saw a small doat. A Pakistani fisherman, Abdul Aziz, was out in his boat that day. He couldn't believe his eyes when he saw Mayo's naked body, floating in the Arabian Sea, 100 miles from land. ‘I thought it ‘was a ghost!’ he told reporters. But it was not a ghost. It was Zachary Mayo, and he was alive! But only just. ‘Two marines had been to see Mayo's parents in Osburn, Idaho, USA, to say that he was missing. His parents were desperately hoping for a miracle but they were almost sure that he was dead. They had to wait three days for news of his, incredible rescue.UNIT2:A 13 @ Read the text again and answer the following questions in your own words. a Why did Mayo go onto the deck? d Why did he think he was going to die? b How did he fall into the sea? © Who talked to Lt Mayo's parents, and what happened three days lacer? © Find words or phrases in the text with the following meanings. publicity and/or news given by an official € the surface that you walk on, on a shi Organ isAtiON eee see zee 7 the headquarters of the armed forces in the ‘Fa ship chat planes can land on and take off United States of America: eee een airless, a feeling that itis d a small bed often built above or below another ha fantastic and amazing event: bed, found in ships and in children’s bedrooms: Language in chunks Read the definitions and then complete the following phrases from the text. a to go to sleep again d to behave in a crazy way for a moment He couldn’t get .. Ina fit. iia oe b he didn’t think € to stop being aware of the world WaRHOUE enero just before he lost € to be unable to stand up, suddenly £ to see something you can’t believe [Mayo] lost his . Abdul Aziz couldn't believe...14 UNTT2:B B Not a very ordinary day 1. Read the newspaper article below and then complete the table, Name(s) ‘Occupation(s) People who live in the house: Pilot: My amazing escape hen Helen Monahan got a phone call asking her to pick up a friend’s children from school while collecting her own she grabbed her coat and headed down the road. Tt meant leaving home five minutes earlier than she had intended — but it could also have saved her life. Minutes after she shut the door, a light aircraft crashed on to her empty house. ‘Tam trying not to think what would have happened if I had left home at the normal time,’ said Mrs Monahan. Pilot Donald Campbell also had reason to be thankful. The 52-year-old neurosurgeon walked away from the wreckage with only minor injuries to his face and head. He had been steering the four-seater Piper Seneca towards Shoreham Airport in West Sussex when the twin engines cut out. Ir plunged and clipped a railway bridge, before ploughing, through the roof of the £150,000 three-bedroom house in the town of Shoreham-by-Sea. It toppled into the back garden, which was strewn with children’s toys. Mrs Monahan, 36, said: ‘It looks like something out of a film set. The tail of the plane was up in the air and the nose was in the fish pond.’ Her husband Marcus, a 33-year-old boiler engincer, was at work at the time of the crash, and their children — Harley, six, and five-year-old Norton - were in school. Mr Campbell, who flies all over the country to treat the patients of his private practice, said: ‘I was coming into the airport and both engines cut out. It began to yaw quite sharply to one side. “Icouldn’t land on the railway line because of the electric cable and I saw a gap by the houses and aimed next to them. “‘Iremember a bang. The port wing tip must have hit the roof. It was a bit rough.’ Safety officials were last night examining the plane to try to discover what went wrong,UNIT 2: B15 Is each of the following statements True or False? Write T or F in the brackets. a Mrs Monahan collected two children from school on the [ ] day of the crash. b Nobody was seriously burt in the crash. ¢ The pilot knows why the engines stopped suddenly. d The pilot tried to land on the railway line. ¢ The pilot flies a lot. F There were children’s toys in the garden before the aeroplane landed there. g The first thing that the plane hit was the roof. tl ] J 1 i ] Look at the way the verbs in the box are used in the newspaper report and then write each one next to the correct dictionary definition below. (The first one is done for you.) a to collect someone who is waiting for you: pileup. b to control the direction of a vehicle or aircraft: lip ¢ to fall or move down very quickly and with force: .. cut out. d to get something quickly because you do not have much time: to give medical care to someone: .. 7 eee £ to hit something quickly and lightly: nee plunge & to hit something with great force and then continue moving: steer feet hh to move away from its proper COUSS€: ene yet i to suddenly stop working: Look at this diagram of a Piper Seneca aeroplane. Label it with as many words from the text as you can,16 UNIT2:c eeC Headlines and newspapers ‘1 Match phrases from the two columns below to make newspaper headlines, a Fuel b Hero © Horrified Saved oom e Turbulence ... 2 Look at the headlines you have made and answer the following questions. fies teenager Horrified driver —_sharn-eyed flight atte Saved by nelghhour trom fire Turbutence failure traps counle a Which kinds of word are commonly left out? b Which kinds of words are included? ¢ What happens to the tense of the verbs? & Match the following stories with the headlines from Exercise 1. a aeeeteeieete A teenager flying from Istanbul to New York was absolutely terrified when the plane she was travelling in encountered major turbulence over the Atlantic, “We'd just had our meal when the pilot warned tus about the weather,’ said 16-year-old Gulay Menguec ... bestia A hortified car owner watched as youths attacked his car with bricks and a baseball bat. “Thad just come out of the house, when I saw this gang of youths. They were throwing things at my car and hitting it with a baseball bat ...” feast bitter cetaa See co su How good is your eyesight? Could you see a burning ship from 35,000 feer? That’s just what Julie did and today we say ‘She's a hera!™ Julie was working on a flight between Taipei and Sydney when she looked out of the window dn A courageous villager battled through a burning bungalow to carry his neighbour to safety. Hero Laurence Broderick rescued Jean Buiter after a fire tore through her home in High Street, ‘Waresly, destroying much of the roof. a ‘A frightened couple spent the night in their car in freezing temperatures after they ran out of fuel. “The gauge said we still had half a tank of petrol,’ said Jane Bakewell after their ordeal, ‘but then the car suddenly stopped and I had forgotten to bring my mobile phone with me, so ...”Answer the following questions. © Write headlines to go at the beginning of these newspaper articles. © Using any words from this unit, write a newspaper headline, Then write a short newspaper atticle to go with it. a Who was terrified where, after what? b Who attacked what with what? ¢ Who saw what, from where? d Who was saved from what, by who, where? A worker at Simpsons, the California meat packing company, was locked in a freezer cabinet all night when the door was closed while he was inside. ‘It was so cold I nearly died,’ he said, ‘but I ran around all night and that kept me warm b .. ‘Two people were killed on Thursday when a large lorry crossed over the central section of the M40 motorway and smashed into a car. Police are investigating the incident. Fans of the band Warmheart were disappointed last night when their concert was cancelled. They were given tickets for the next concert tour in June, “We were very sorry,’ said Warmheart's manager, ‘but two of the band members, Ronnie and Chris, were very unwell. They just couldn't play. I nearly sent them to hospital,” d . A brave young girl is running @ special marathon race in Bangkok tomorrow to raise money for cancer research. “My mother had cancer” said Emma. ‘She's better now, but I wanted to do something for people in the future." Emma, who is 15 years old, has been training for two weeks. ‘I'm nervous about the race,’ she said. ‘It’s very long, But I'm going to raise a lor of money from my sponsors.” 7A Supermarkets sathe products you want to sell most drinks ‘the meat and fish counter fruit and vegetables Write in the names of the products where you think they should be. Think about what sort of colours, smells, lighting and noises there might be In the ‘supermarket. Make a note of your ideas below. © smells: » + On the supermarket plan choose the best place for: OoOoood0 0.0 ENTRA) Read the text below. Is your supermarket plan similar to this? Fem stoppets goto ne supermarket with lists, so supermarkets want fo encourage them to buy a lolol everything. How do they do this? ‘© The entrancs[s normally alone side and the ext a the other so Uhal shoppers walk down all he asles before leaving © Fnil and vegetables are normally clase to tie enrance. This makes peopl think they are going ino an open-air marke and makes them feel postive (© Meat and ish couniers are usually placed onthe back wal, Suparmarkels donot wan! la risk putting of Ur customers by taking meal carcasses through the shop, © Some shell spaces are better than others! The middle shelves on the left are considered the best place. Suppliers sometimes ay Supermarkets for the bes! places! © Vacuum-packed meas and fish look clean and bloodless. When you buy your lamb chops you are thinking of ‘onveniance and availilityraher than alam i the field © Stores are usvally decorated in colours thal make people fee heathy and hapoy. All the supermarkes belonging to one ‘ompary have the same colouts fo make people telat home. (© A person blinks an average of 32 times a minute. US research has shown tata certain type of lighting can reduce This to 14 limes @ minute. This can make customers fel sleepy, and they then buy move goods. ‘© Goods placa atthe end of an aisle often sell five times more {an those placed in the mide ofthe aisle, Stores often move goods tal they particulary want lo sei, such as those nearing their sel-by date, to these sites. ‘© Suparmarels ty fo contol smells. Unpleasant aromas, suc a8 those of fish ar akan away by at extractors. Fresh smell, such as baking bread, may be pumped roune the store to create a nice ‘homely’ feel ‘© Most shoppers buy bread, so the bakery counter is situated a far away fom te enrance as possible, Customers wil have to walk pas! hundreds of olher products to reach i (© Drinks are usually located near the esl, Supermarkets hope tal customers will by because they aa ina good mood as hey tnish their shopping experience ‘© Silence makes shoppers fee! uncomfortable. Supermarkets like lo make sure thal there is quite a ot of pleasant background alse, such as music othe hum of freezers © Securily cameras are nol just for catching shoplitrs. Suparmartets also follow a few shappers through the shop So ‘hat they can observe wha routes people lake. Ths information helps them to rearange their products so thal people buy moreUNITa:A 19 Are the following facts True or False ~ T or F - according to the text? Give reasons for your choice. a People go to supermarkets with a clear idea Supermarkets still don’t know what colours of what they are going to buy. relax people, TT Bavcenmnennn poe eet TIF. SSS =o reer b Shoppers like the sight of fresh fruit and £ Sleepy people buy less than people who are vegetables. awake. T/F. See er = © Meat counters are usually near the front ofa —_g. People are influenced by what they can smell. supermarket. Tr cena eer ses h Shoppers like silence. d The goods on the top shelves always sell the best. = TF sneiaste T/F. 7 i: 7 4 Ee « Find words In the text with the following meanings. The first letter of each word is given. passageway between two rows of shelves: 2mm et a © the remains of dead animals: C.voeonwen-m- d ina see-through container with the air removed: = on © to open and shut your eyes very quickly: b, = £ the last day on which you can buy something: . g a continuous sound which is not very loud: b. - hh watch: 0... eit & Language in chunks In the text opposite find at least four examples of the phrase make (someone) fee! (something). Note them down below. Which of these sentences summarise the text best? ‘a Supermarkets try to trick customers into buying products that they don't want. This is bad thing, b Supermarkets try to make shopping pleasant for their customers. This is a good thing.20 TSB eB Shopping and the Internet What Do Online Shoppers Want? The Leading Edge \Whon rea fe cole with Net If, ttcan realy pu things into perspective. In Baltimore, Maryland we heve just got a new shopping mall, end i's huge! The {$250 milion Arundel Mils Mall Is one of the biggest shopping complexes in the United States. ithas a movie theatre with more than twenty screens, there are ‘enormous entertainment areas ~ and more than 7,000 parking epsoes. SUBSCRIBE ee — During Hts opening weekend two weeks ago, the place was @ madhouse, with huge trae queues onthe ex ramps leading tothe mal that extended formes as tene of thousands of cars tried to get ilo too few parking spaces. Police patoled the highways te keep shoppers fom parking upto ten miles away on the sk ofthe road and walking to tha mall ‘and since that opening weekend people haven't just come fo look. They buying, too. They've already spent several milton dolar, and this just the beginning of the Christmas shopping season. And every day there ere stries about it on the TV arin the local paper. its a huge success, Poem OE mee ‘Shopping on the Internet isn'ta success ike that. True i's growing, but very slowly. People stl seem to prefer the real effine experience to buying things from the ‘comfort of thelr own home. ors Te F ‘But why? Why do so many people spend so much money offine while the online sector is sl creeping slong? When I drove by the lines of ears golng to my trendy Peighdorhood mogemal, thought long and hard about his question, Those people siting in thelr care (some for mare than an hour) cleerty were’ therefor Convenience, They were’ there because they expected exceptional customer service, Sure, many of them wore there because his monster was new ard citferent and somathing fo gawic a, but many af thom were spending money. {As | drove by, all! kept asking myself was “When was the last tme anybody got this excited about a new e-commerce site? Is shopping anline somehow fundamentally diferent than shopping offine?* Wve begun to think It is, especially now that studlas are showing us how and why ‘people use (and con't Use) the Internet to shop. For example one recent report ‘shows that people only start buying on the web when they've been Internet users {or some time, So people in Sweden (who've had the internet for qulte a faw years) ‘buy more than people from France {who haven't hed the Internet for as long}. You rave to feel comfortable before you shop online! Email Marketing The Leading Edge ‘The most cuccessful shopping sites on the Internet are small ~ the ones that only coffer one thing. They're quick, easy to use, don't ask for too much personal Information (something that stops many people from shopping on the Internet), ‘and don't go weong in the middle of a shopping session. I think | now understand ‘what ifs all bout. As my recent megamall experience proved to me, people In the real world are a lot more wiling to put up wit a lot of hassles in order to be Immersed in an experience that may have shapping atts core, but also includes. social and entertainment aspects. Ontine, it's a citferent story. in the end, sites that concentrate on the basics of customer fecus, relevance, support, service, ‘ulfiment, and tunction are the ones that are going to win. not the ons that try to ight the megamali | Eos eo» Read the extract from the website opposite and then circle the best answers. Match these words from the text with thelr definitions. The first, one is done for you. collide convenience creep along efficient perspective season shopping offline site UNIT3:B 21 a The Arundel Mills Mall: a new American online Internet site. a new shopping centre in the United States. a new hospital for people with mental problems. b The article says that Internet shopping sites are most successful when: 1... they try to be like the kind of shopping people do in huge megamall shopping centres. the customers are new Internet users. they are small and efficient and don’t try to be like megamalls. € People who go to the megamall: 1... go because it is convenient and the staff are extremely efficient. go because police patrol the highways. go for an ‘experience’ which includes shopping and entertainment. 2 3 d People from Sweden buy more on the Internet than people from France because: 1... the Internet has been in Sweden longer than it has been in France. the Internet hasn't been in Sweden as long as it has been in France. Swedish Internet sites are very small, é 2 3 a a ‘place’ you visit when you use your computer to connect 10 the Internet: .... b a line of people or things waiting to go somewhere: © a period of the year when a particular thing happen d a place where there is a lot of confusing noise and activity: © short roads thar are used to drive off larger main roads: £ connected to an Internet site: something that is annoying because itis difficult or chaotic: Br £0 DUMP i205 nnn i to look around to make sure things are all right in an area or building: j_ to move somewhere very SlOWLY! nevenenennene kk something which helps you to understand how important or unimportant something is: .. I when something is easy to use and useful for what you need: m when you go shopping in the real world: .... working well - without wasting time or effort:22 UNITS" © Complete the tables below with notes about (a) the megamall, and (b) online shopping sites. a The megamall 1 Name of the mall: 2 Cost: 8 Location: 4 Number of parking spact 5 What's in 6 Longest quoues on the opening weekend: & Online shopping sites 1 People mast likely to shop online: 2 Qualiies of good online sites: 3 What online sites need ff they are going to win:BC 23 Paragraph construction ‘Read the paragraph. What information is given about: s+ Some people? a lor of things? He se the majority of people? monn .. many people? noge © Think about the structure of a paragraph like the one above. It is, often made up of the following types of sentence: a an introductory sentence b an example or explanation sentence ¢ an exception or question sentence d a conclusion What type of sentence (a-d in the list above): 1... closes the paragraph? a 2... contrasts with the introductory sentence? .. 3 .... follows on from the introductory sentence, expanding on the information in it? e-onnnnennnn 4. introduces che subject matter of the paragraph? ee Can you identify the different types of sentence in the paragraph in Exercise 1? Write the letter of the type of sentence in the boxes in the text. & Put the following sentences in order to make a paragraph. a Despite criticism, however, the shops continue to be successful in Europe and the USA, and Anita Roddick goes on working with people all over the world, b It was founded by Anita Roddick, who wanted to sell beauty products which had nor been rested on animals ¢ One of the most popular organisations in Britain is The Body Shop. d Some people do not like her claim that The Body Shop is a better kind of business because it works directly with people in developing countries.eA Backpacking Read the report on ‘Backpackerland’. Which of the following statements best sums it up? a Backpackerland is in Australia. bb Backpackerland is a name for any place where a certain kind of traveller goes. ¢ Backpackerland is the name of a kind of clothing, 4 Backpackerland is a type of cybercafé. Geo Once you've left the airport you find yourself ‘a cheap hostel and sleep badly because i's hot, much hotter than it ‘was when you left home, and you haven't paid enough for an alr- ‘conditioned room. Besides, there's the noise of the busy street and some crazy tourist playing a harmonica all night. On top of that you're jetlagged because you've crossed two time zones at least. All your worst nightmares have come true, but you don't care, because this is an adventure and you aren't at home any more. Inthe moming you feel exhausted but more alive than you have for years. You go out on to the street and have your first cup of coffee. Everywhere there are foreign vehicles, strange aml, diferent colours and people wearing different clothes. As you look up and down the street you see more and more people just like yourself, travellers ~ but they've been here for at least three days. They're much more interesting-looking than you, and seem completely at home as they visit the shops and market stalls, or hury into the cybercafés to see if their mums have sent them an email. Welcome to Backpackeriand. Backpackerland is a new world of possi uit real, You go into it as a third-year economios student from Liverpool, a young lawyer from Seattle, a secretary from Melbourne or a student teacher from Turin. A few dollars later you are a cross between a 19th-century adventurer, a 20th-centary clubber and a 21st-century philosopher reading travel guides and writing poetry by the roadside. Backpackerland has recognised meeting points like Khao San Road in Bangkok, the Kings Cross area of ‘Sydney, and the Colaba Causeway in India, It exists because travel is cheaper than ever before. Each year, more and more young people ‘ross the world from feast to west, from north 4o south, stuffing clothes, notebooks and ‘cameras into their ‘backpacks to experience the clamour of Mexico City, the heat of the Atacama desert or the snowy altitudes of Nepal. Travelling has changed cut of all recognition in the last 80 years, In the old days you waited for months for a letter from your granny and if you ever, did manage to phone home it cost the earth and ‘you couldn't hear each other property. It was only the bravest who risked cutting themselves of ike that. Now you're almost never out of touch. The cybercafé computers in Kathmandu, Phnom Penh and La Paz are as fast as anything youll find in Tokyo, Washington or Berlin, So the moment you get off the plane you can email the friend you had a drink with the day before you left home, When I was last in Thailand | bumped into Colin, the man who'd done the electric wiring in my litle flat in London, Back home he'd always seemed miserable and cold, but now Colin (who had just bbeen exploring in the jungle) was tanned and fit, ‘and he was smiling @ Jot. That's the kind of thing that happens in Backpackeriand. You can be ‘anyone you want to be and lfe is full of surprises. Peter Hedley on th modern way to travel - for some!UNIT 4: A 25 2 Read the text again and answer the following questions. a How old are most backpackers? d Why does Backpackerland exist now? b What occupations do backpackers have? BSE EP eee eee eeee EEE erEee eee eee 7 e How can holidaymakers communicate with © Are they Fich oF poor? pen each other and wich people at home when they are travelling? 7 a Find words or phrases in the text with the following meanings. a a small cheap hotel (paragraph 1):-w-=-—- © places where you can buy things ~ the places cocmeneene af often smaller than a shop, and usually in bb mechanically cooled (paragraph 1): _ the open air (paragraph 2): € tired because you've travelled across the work! f books specially for travellers (paragraph 3): on a plane (paragraph 1): nn g noise and bustle (paragcaph d places with computers which anyone can pay to use (paragraph 2): 7 7 4 How many examples of comparative and superlative adjectives can you find in the text? (You should find six.) A nnn Ss Now write one of these comparative or super sentences. adjectives in the gap in each of the following A PetOl WAS eannenrsnrnnne dancer P've ever seen! d Australia is than Britain, b Swimming makes you f€€l -oo-nemnnnenn € The novel is — than the text than lying in the sun. book. ¢ Juan was the non bull fighter inf Markets are usually sejewnereenenn than Spain. shops. ‘ Language in chunks & Complete each blank with words from the box to make phrases from the text, ‘athome between (XandY) of surprises of touch the earth life is full © out a across .26 UNIT a: B B The Beach ‘+ Read the extract from The Beach that follows. Are the following sentences True or False? Write T or F in the brackets. a The writer was woken up by his alarm clock, b The water pipes made a lot of noise when the writer had a bath, © The conversations of the people who worked in the guesthouse were easy to understand. d The two German girls were just setting off on their travels at five-thirty. ¢ The writer started to feel hungry. £ Breakfast was served below the writer’s room. g The writer saw someone who he had seen in the eating area the night before. hh The writer ordered a banana pancake and a Coca-Cola. i Tewas a sunny day. j A girl offered the writer a pineapple while he listened to a tape. This extract Is from the best-selling novel The Beach by Alex Garland, which tells the story of traveller in Backpackerland who staris his journey in Khao San Road. The Khao San Road woke eury. Al five, muffled car hhoms began sounding of in the street outside, Bangkok's version of the dawn chorus. Then the water pipes under the floor started to rate asthe guesthouse Saf tok their showers. I could heat their ‘conversations, the plaintive sound of That rising above the splashing water. Lying on my bed, listening to the morning noises, the tension of the previous night became unreal and distant. Atough I couldn't understand what the stat were saying to eachother, their chattering and ‘occasional laughter conveyed a sense of normality: they were doing what they did every morning, ther thoughts connected only to routine. I imagined they might be iscussing who would go for kitchen supplies in the ‘market that day or who would be sweeping the halls, ‘Around! fivethiny afew bedroem-door bolts clicked ‘open asthe early-bird travellers emerged and the die- hard party goots from Paipong returned. Two German sirlsclatered up the wooden stairs atthe Far end of my corridor, apparently wesring clogs. realised dat the dreamless sostetes of sleep I'd managed were finished, 0 decide wo have a cigaret, the ane Md denied myself afew hours before. ‘The early moming smoke was 8 tonic. I gazed upwards, an emply matchbox for an ashizay balanced ‘on my stomach, and every puff | blew into the ceiling lifted my spirits a litle higher. Before long my mind turned to dhoughts of food. Iieft my room to see if there was any breakfast tobe hud inthe eating area downstairs ‘There were already a few travellers a the ties, ovily sipping glasses of black coffee. One of them, sill siting on the same chair as yesterday evening was the helpful muterberoin addict. He'd been there all hn, judging (ror his glaze stare. As I sat dewa 1 guve him a itiendly smile and he tilled his headin reply. Thegan studying the menu, a once white sheet of Ad per with such an excessive list of dishes I felt making a choice was heyond my ability. Then 1 was distracted by a delicious smal. A kitchen boy had wandered over with a tay of fruit pancakes. He disributed them toa {group of Americans, cating off good-natured “Argument about train times to Ciang Mal ‘One of them noticed me e ir Food und he pointed a his plate. “Banana pancakes,’ he said, “The business, nodded. “They smell pretty good.” “Taste beter. English” “Un-huh? “Boon here long” Since yesterday even A week,’ he replied, and popped apiece of pancake inhis mouth, looking away ashe di so, I guessed that signalled the end ofthe exchange. The kitchen boy cume over to my tle and stead there, gaing at me expectantly through sleepy eyes. “One banana pancake, please,’ I said, obliged into making a snap decision. “You wan" order one banan’ pancake?” “Please.” *You wan’ order dink? Uh, a Coke, No, a Sprite.” *You wan" one banen* pancake, one Spi." “Please.” Fe stroed back towards the kitchen, anda sudden ‘well of happiness washed over me. The sun was bright fon the road outside. A man was setting up his tll on the pavement, arranging bootleg tapes into rows. Next (o him a small gil sliced pineapples, cuting the tough skin into neat, spiralling designs. Behind her an even smaller gir! used a rag to ep the fos at bay.a bolt chatter clatter dawn chorus die-hard party goers dozily carly-bird travelters expectantly keep the flies at bay ‘muffled Find the following things uNITa:B 27 Look at the way the words and phrases in the box below are used in the text and then write them in the correct gaps in the sentences (you may have to change the form of the verbs). The first one Is done for you. 8 A nm BOlfnnnnnn~ 18 a metal bar that is used to lock a door b If someone seems almost asleep we can say that they are behaving ¢ Iftwo people are talking in a friendly and informal way about nothing terribly serious we can say that they a€ enn 4 People buy fly sprays, nets and plastic fly swats because they want LO nner © People who get up very carly to catch a bus or a plane can be referred £0 5 cnmnnn £ People who stay at parties right through the night can be referred toas a Someone who looks excited because they think something good is going to happen is wai ID aon h We call the sound of birds singing in the very early morning the i When a sound is quiet so that you can’t hear it very well, we can say that the sound i$ ono j When something makes a loud noise when it hits against another surface, we can say that it the text and write them in the table. b two sounds at five-thirty: © a person the writer looked at: d a person who spoke to the writer: fe Write the rest of the conversation between the ‘American and the writer in complete sentences. (The first line is done for you) a three sounds at five o'olock: Arosrican: Theyre banana pancalkes. They're, the, business,28 UNIT >@C€ Text coherence Choose a public holiday in your country. Make notes to show how you would explain it to a foreign visitor. Explain: Boog WhEM IE IB. cn bo. what its for, oon ¢ .». what special customs or events happen on that dy. -e-meme-em~ 4 ... what you yourself usually do on that day. 2 Look at the pictures below. Now put the paragraphs that follow in the correct order. (The first Do you know what the two one is done for you.) festivals are? seers ieee 5 Many national festivals have been celebrated for years, but occasionally new ‘ones come along and old ones gradually disappear. Tiss uniely to happen to Burns’ Night orSt Patrick's Day, however. They ae celebrated by too many people for that. (On Burns Night the guests eat haggis. Haggis is chopped mutton and other ingredients ~ including liver, heart and oats ~ encased in sheep's gut, which is boiled before being served. The haggis is brought into the room to the sound of the bagpipes andthe chef guest ‘addresses’ it reciting Burns’ poem ‘Ode tothe Haggis. After eating, the other guests recite more of Burns’ poems, sing Scottish tunes and drink lot of whisky. “On St atric’ Day there are big parades, and people wear shamrock, In some places they add green colouring tothe beer and even to rivers and streams. People go out and have ‘a good crac” (pronounced ‘crack’ — Irish for good fun. “public holidays and festivals are an important part ofa countrys lif. They give ‘everyone a break from routine and they form part ofthe annual fein that country. Sometimes they celebrate a day ina country’s history (Independence Day), commemorate a special person (Columbus Day), mark te passing of time (New Year's Day) or celebrate a religious festival (Christmas, id, Diwali), $+ Another widely celebrated festival is St Patrick's Day (17 March), which celebrates ‘the lf ofthe th-century sant. St Patrick was Bishop of Ireland, and it is said ‘that he gave Ireland its national symbol when he illustrated his religious teaching \ith the shamrock ~a three-leafed clover. But the festival is now more than anything @ celebration of rishness, whether it takes place in Dublin, Auckland, Melbourne, Montreal or Boston. ‘5 Two particular festival are celebrated far beyond their native land. The fist of these, Burns’ Night on 25 January, marks the birthday ofthe Scottish poet Robert Burns (1759-96) tis celebrated by his countrymen and admires, not ony in Scotland but all over the world, from New York to Sydney, from Toronto to Tokyo.= Who or what is: 1 Robert BUMS? nnensnnnnnnnncnnen a haggis? su the ‘Ode to the Haggis’ 1 St Patrick? a shamrock?. means Se 4 Look at the notes you made for Exercise 1. Use them to write an article based on the plan below. PE Introduce the Cee et 5 factsfopinions from ae Either make # general comment, Gaus aregraphs or makeA The van Read the text below. You will see that some sentences are missing. Where do the following sentences (2-1) go in the text? (The first one is done for you.) a Since I started living in my van, I've had feelings 1 haven’t experienced since I was a child, m4. bb was trying to decide what to do when I saw the advertisement: ‘Converted ambulance for sale, £1,600". ¢ Now I begin to appreciate what the travellers have been telling us all these years. d One problem I've had is what to do about power for my computer. ... ¢ Parking can be most difficult, f Ac first I was nervous. No home. No job. No worries. j | When he lost his flat, writer Cd Stone decided to ‘go on the road’. How will he cope with life in the slow lane? | did't wake up one rioming and say to myself, ‘think go and lve in van. it was mare aceldentl than that. First of ll ost my flat and then, atthe same time, | discovered | needed a new engine for my car. Thal meant that | would have to spend £1,000 to get ths car back on the road. | suddenly found that | needed, fst, ‘somewhere to Ive and, second, something to travel around in. So | ang the number inthe ao and atanged to go and ei It was love a fst sight! | made my decisan straight aka. Two days laler Iwas the proud owner ofa two-live Ford Transit converted into a campervan, [Z} I wasn't sue could hand it. Where would | park? How would | wast? What would I do inthe evenings? I'm the sot of person who needs people around, bul you crt give ina van. And how would | cope anyway wit ean the road? But | needn't have worred. Well, not much, Is @ lot easier than thought (7150 far ve slept in several car parks and ay-bys, one or ‘wo festival sites and — once or twice — just by the roadside. | havent ye found the perfec place. I spend a lot of time poring over maps fr ideal sts. | ask around among the travelers. And Ive mo dubs lind sit, an optimist ~ all my tite ve always believed | havea plac inthe world [7 suppose it's just the axcitement of weking up inthe ‘morning, and, forthe fist ew seconds, not knowing where you are. Than you look out of tre window, and some new sight greets = you: some tes you've never seen bela, or some beaultul soenery that males your heart leap. Living in a fat in the city 1 missed al that a wriler. To start with | stayed on campsites that had electricity whenever | wanted ta work, But it cost money and | cauldn'l concentrate because everyone else was on holiday ‘and playing games right outside my windows. And then | found the solution: solar panels. That meant | could stay anywitere, Now I'm not only @ travelling writer, 'm ecologically sound too. [Living in a van is cheap. No rent. No obligations. And on ‘top of that there's the sense of freedom and the happiness that my new lifestyle has given me, Freedom can be addictive. | love ‘being able to go where I want, when | want. I's wonderful to feel thal he whole world is your home, No wonder so many people ‘are leaving their houses and going on the road.UNITS: A 31 2 Answer the following questions. a What is CJ Stone's job? .. b Where does he live? ... © What does he think of it? = Read the text again and complete the following sentences. a CJ Stone decided to live as he does because ....._ d Cj Stone loves his new life because .... 'b GJ Stone worried about his decision because. e CJ Stone solved his computer problems by ... © CJ Stone has parked in many places, such as... f The advantages of living ‘on the road” ate... ©. Explain the difference between: a... an accident and something that is accidental. Ao. .octident..is...saonething..oad. that. happens .when._you. dant. expact is cn cactidentl..is,.ednen..Scaaething. happeas..that is..oat...planaed.... b ...a park and a car park, Language in chunks Look at these phrases from the text. Use them in the gaps. ‘sense of freedom cope with have na doubt [thot] make a decision spend a lot of time [doing something] 8 Tant ennennnnennes COMpUterS. I just don't understand them. Bb He. nnmenmnmune Weiting stories on his computer. He never seems to stop! I'm not sure whether to buy a camper van, but I’m going to nn SOON, d Walking in the countryside gives M€ sions He wants to marry her. He cvs she’s the one for him.32 UNITS: B oe B Poems 1. Read the following poem, ‘The Confession’. What is the correct order of the three verses. Write the numbers 1-3 in the brackets. ‘The Confession by Brian Patten ‘When he showed her the photograph again, she said, | 1 dewas a July afternoon. The day was hot and my body hummed. Twas bored and in search of an adventure ‘That seemed beyond you. [ ] ‘Yes, I remember taking it. Twas incredibly young then. You handed me the camera ‘And telling me over and over how to use it You posed, smiling stiffly. You were so pompous, so blind to everything, [1 ‘Yet how can | forget that day? ‘Look closer at the photograph. See there in the background, In the corner behind you The other boy, grinning so openly.’ Check the answer key. Did you get the order right?clothes clomsily inside nothing patiently poor ‘smirks wearing UNITS: B33 Make sure you know the meaning of the words in the box below and then use them to complete the poem. I Am Completely Different by Karoda Saburo Lam completely different. Though I am (2) uu the same tie as yesterday, am as (b) as yesterday, ‘as good for (c) .......... as yesterday, today Tam completely different. Though Tam wearing the same (4) emmy am as drunk as yesterday, living as (¢) .mun-m as yesterday, nevertheless today Tam completely different. Ah- T (f) smnnennene Close my eyes on all the grins and (8) mmm ‘on all the twisted smiles and horse laughs ~ and glimpse then (bh) mveawnon Me, one beautiful white butterfly fluttering towards tomorrow. Check the correct answers in the key. Tick the correct column for each of the questions below. ‘The Confession’ +1 Am Completely Different’ talks about an incident in the past? ...18 more optimistic than pessimistic? Which poem: @. ... talks about clothes? b ... has three people in it? dd... is written by a poet talking about imself or herself? e 4... 1s about a long-kept secret? g_... talks about two people smiling very differently? h ... do you like best?34 UNITS: © eC Letter writing 4 Study the letter below and make notes about the following questions. a Where is Brenda writing from? .... b How did she and Mariel get there? ¢ How did she feel when she first arrived? How does she feel now? d What differences are there between Brenda’s and Mariel’s characters?... € What is Brenda's job? What is Matiel’s?ec-renennnnnnnnenn £ Who is David? eeeonnnn g How formal is the letter? How do you kQOW? on s-neennnn Flat 3 156 Contemary Rond Mraebai India ‘sth Sune Dear Rosemary, Le just veesived your Letter - thanks. Tt wns nice to hear from you Viell, we've been here for three weeks nfrendy. x still can't believe it. But things hove definitely improved since the bus left us at the roadside on that First dag. For a minute T wanted to turn round and go hone again. You Know me, Zin a grent pessimist. But Mariel aluaps thinks everything is going to be fine. Sen less than o dey she hod found usa fat and here we are. he Found myself a job giving private conversation elasses. Not guite what in used to, but it's still teaching and my students are Lovely. Maviok hasn't got a Job apts but she's wade contact with various people in the Film industry here and nopes she'll got work scom. So the big news is, we've made our decision, We've daoided to stn. This is our home. Please give my fove +o David and the Kids. wey not come and visit us soon? Lots of Love, Brendats UNITS: C35 Would you use the following in letters which are Formal (F) or Informal (I) of Neutral (neither formal nor informal) (N)? Circle the cortect choice for each. a Hi Rosemary Dear Mrs Forrest ¢ Dear James d Dear Ms Forrest € Dear Sir or Madam F With best wishes g Lots of love ee) h Yours sincerely i. Yours faithfully j Love ke Thanks for your letter 1 Thank you very much for your letrer. 1m Please give my love to David and the kids. ZAZAZAAAAzAZzAzAzwrwA? mo mt fn [look forward to hearing from you. You are going to write a letter. Make notes on the following, 2 Choose somewhere in the world you like the sound of. Imagine that you are now living there, enn b How did you get there? — © What kind of job do you normally do? Have you found something similar in your new place? 4 Where are you living in your new country? What kind of a place is ine € What English-speaking friend or relative (real or imaginary) could YOU WEIEE £0? son Now, using your notes, write a letter to your English-speaking friend or relative, Use the language from Brenda's letter to help you.eA Three women 3 Read about these famous women. Copy and complete the table on page 87 for each one. FAMOUS faaWns oo ! Mary Reed, one of the most famous female pirates in history, wos bom in London in 4690. Her father died when she was young ‘and Mary's mother * raised her os « boy. Only mele children could inherit money so Mary was disquised os © boy so that she would inherit her grandmother's money. ‘When Mary was 13 she joined o ship, still dressed as o man. A few yeors loter she joined the British ormy (as @ man) and was sent to fight the French in Holland. There she fell in love with ‘one of her Fellow soldiers ~ and had to reveal her secret, much to everyone's surprise! ‘When her husband died, Mory put on men's dothes again and joined a ship going to the West indies. But the ship was captured by English pirates, led by Jack Rackham ond Anne Bonney. Mary decided to become o member of the pirate crew. She fell in love agein, this time ‘with o soldier they had captured, ond wos married. But their honeymoon was short because Mary and her fellow pirates, Jack ond Anne, were taken prisoner near Jomoica and were sentenced to death. Mary was soved from death because she was pregnant, but she died in prison in 4720. Cristine Sénchez wos one of the only femele bullfighters, or ‘motadors', of modem times, She was forced to stop Fighting bulls becouse of criticism — many people thought | thot bullfighting wos only for men, ‘Women in Spain hove Fought bulls since the 48th century, but o law in 4908 banned them on the grounds of ‘decency tnd public morality’. The ban was lifted briefly in the 1930s when Spain became a republic, but was put bock again by the dictotor Francisco Franco. The ban was lifted agoin after Franco's deoth in 1976 ~ but even then most women only fought on horseback. Cristina fought on foot. Cristina was bom in Modtid, Spain, in 4972. She storted her bullfighting career in South America when she was only 20, She attracted a lot of attention ond soon become a matador back in Spain. However, Cristina was frequently criticised by male bulifighters. A lot of people believed that women in the ring were unludy. ‘Women should be in the kitchen, backing up ‘men. It's unnatural for them to fight,’ said Jesulin de Ubrique, a typicol critic Many mole bullfighters refused to appear with her. Cristina Sanchez retired in 1999 becouse she was fed up with the ottitude of the other matadors and some of the public. But, almost certainly, she won't be the last femole matador.UNITE: A 37 Calamity Jone was a heroine of the American Wild they settled in the town of Deadwood, ‘West, famous for her bravery. A film wos made Dakota. The same yeor, Wild Bill wos about her in 1953, starring Doris Do. shot in the back of the head while Calemity Jane's real name wos Martha Jane playing cords in @ saloon bar. Cannory and she was bom in 1852 in Missouri, Colomity Jone left Deadwood, For USA. Her porents were farmers. As c young girl she a time she raised cattle ond kept en could ride a horse and shoot « gun as wall as any inn, Then she moved to California, ‘man. In the 1870s, dressed as a mon, she fought and later to El Paso, Texos, where with the army against the Native Americans. During she married Clinton Burke. They had «© fierce battle, the captain was shot and fell from a daughter, but the marriage was not. his horse. She lifted him on to her own horse and —_a success. Calomity Jane never had saved him, When he recoveres, the captain said, ‘I much money and died @ poor woman in name you Calamity Jone, the heroine of the ploins.’ 1903. She was buried in Deadwood next to In 1876 Colamity J Wild Bill Hickock and 2 Who was: Name sn Dates (bcthldeath): a... captured by English pirates? e-em b Nationality: Sree 7 Cee eal criticised by male bullfighters? about hes: SERS eee Cee ie Main events in her life: © known for her bravery? num ¢ Important people in 4... disguised as a boy? .. Des ie € «.. buried next to Wild Bill Hickock?.. £ Hovwhy her career oe ended: 5 e { ... shot in a saloon bar? .. Language in chunks ‘Complete the sentences using phrases from the box. (You might have to change the tense of some verbs.) much to my surprise on foot on horseback the ban was lifted fall in love with settle in a My great-grandiather was a village carpenter. His family was very poor. As a boy he had to go to school... b He © My great-grandfather wanted to live in the capital city, but in those days you were not allowed to move away from your own village. However, juse after my great-grandparents got married. newer My Breat-grandmother when he saw her at a dance. In the end they sune-m-w the capital city. They rode there on m-nu € Twrote an essay about my great-grandfather for a competition at school. Twon first prize for it,38 UNITE: B eB A dangerous husband ‘1 Read the Information about Henry Vill, Put his wives in chronological ‘order, that is to say, the order in which they were his wives. The following rhyme, which British school children learn, may help you. Divorced, beheaded, died Divorced, beheaded, survived Do not marry this man! ‘Being married to Englan's King Henry Vil was Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536) a dangerous business. It could easily cost you Daughter of Ferdinand V of Castle ‘your He! (Spah), She marrad Arthur, slast son of Henry Vil of England, but when he Hanry Vil (1491-1847) is one of the most dled she marred fis brother Henry VI famous characters n English history, As 2. She had one daughtor (Mary) who lator young man he was handsome and extremely became queen of England before her athlete, and accorcing to contemporary hal-sster Eleabath, However Catherine accounts, everyone thought he was extremely had no sans so Henry dvorcad het to attractive, He was a bilant horseman, and a superb marry Anne Boleyn, a woman he'd shot witha bow and arrow. He was expert at an early fallen n love wit, version of the game of tenis, and was also an accomplished ‘musician, The famous tune ‘Greensleeves’ Is sad to nave been Catherine Howard (1521~42) \wtten by him, though there Is ro proof of ths, Catherine Howard was the nice ofthe ‘The one thing Henry was not very good at was having sons. Duke of fVortolk, one of the most He married six diferent women to try and produce @ male helt important men Inthe country atte the ‘to the throne, but his only son from al these marages dled king, She Wes maria to Henry in \when he was just 14 years old, However his twa daughters 1540, lust after his disastrous marriage both becama queans of England, soit he had only ved long to Anne of Cleves. But les than two enough, he might nt have been so worred. In alphabetical years later Catherine was accused of order, Heary's six wives wore as flows, loving someone else and was executed ‘Anne Boleyn (1507-36) Catherine Parr (1512-48) Henry fel in love with her when he was stl marrad to his fst Henry's last wife was the one, people wife, Caterina of Aragon, Catherine had falad to gle him a said, who could best contol the old son, soe divorced her to marry Anne. Anne had @ caughter king. She was sweet and ind, and called Elizabeth (who later became Queen Elizabeth |) but no Henry, who was by now il and fa, loved son, When Henry got tied of her thay found a reason to hr in his own way. Catherine wes stil ‘ocuse her of crimes against the king. She was found gully ave when Henry died. She remarried and executed by having her head cutoff but ied in chibirth a yer ater. Anne of Cleves (1515-57) Jane Seymour (1509-37) ‘tar Jane Seymour's death Henry was extremely unhappy. But Henry fel in love with Jane Seymour an artis brought him back a portralt of Anne of Cleves. She while he Was stl mariad to Anne seemed very good-looking, and marriage to her was good Boleyn. As soon as Arne had been poltics. But when Honry saw her he thought she was ualy and! executed he mariod Jane and in 1837, never kad her. Thay were married for less than a year before a year later, she produced a son, Edward Henry divorced her. Vi, but ied herself 12 days later. On the sath of Henry, Edward became king at ‘the age of nine, but ded five years laterUNIT6:B 39 Look at the way the following words and phrases are used in the text and then write them in the gaps in the sentences. pe a Aboy who will become king after the present king dies is his ‘athletic ee of information that shows beyond doubt that something is true is called .. 7 control ied in childbirth ¢ Historians talk about things written at the same time as they ‘disastrous happened 28 ono a - “yood polis d If you want someone to do exactly what you tell them and only pasar what you tell them you Will try t0 cc0m-werwrwnnewene HEE, eee € My brother's daughter is my eee caalehgn Soe £ When someone can hit a target every time (with a gun or a bow “poof and arrow) we call them & co jo-een et superb shot g When a woman dies at the same time as her baby is born we say Bese EEE eee eee eee h When somebody is very good and experienced at something they are called i When someone is very good at physical sports we often call them j When someone makes a decision that will help chem or their country we can say that itis k When something is a complete failure we call it . 1 A man who regularly rides a horse is called a ... ©_Complete the following table with the information required. Any three things Henry was good at: 2 Ree reer pee b The names of Henry's chien in order of birth: 1 2 a 3 © Write the names of Henry’s children in the Bl oto ee ecoec cee eee 7 order that they were king or queen: 2 3 The name of the wife who lived the longest: ‘8 The name of the wite who had a son: Peer f The name of the wite who Henry thought was ugly: g The name of the wife married to Henry's brother:400 UNIT SDE C Biography Imagine you are going to interview someone. Write questions in English to find out the following biographical information. Name cone See Eee oe Date and place of birth: nc0neenneeene eee ¢ Background (nationality, where chey have lived, education):NIT EI C 41 2 Complete one of the following tasks. a Use your questions to interview someone who speaks English. Make a note of their answers. b Make notes about yourself or about someone you know in answer to the questions. You can write your notes in the following table. a Nami b_ Date and place of birth: ¢ Background (nationality, where they have lived, education): Important events in their lt Most recent important event: 1 How they would desoribe themselves: @ Interests: h Future important events or hopes: © Use your notes to write three short paragraphs. You can follow this plan, introduce the person, their” background, and early events, Describe the person and their interests, Talk about the most recent events: in their life and discuss what the future holds for them.eA Resolutions Look at the exer: 's on page 43 and then read this text. How to make those New Year's resolutions stick by Dr Pauline Wallin Every year on 1 and 2 January, mitions of us make New Year's resolutions. We'll say ‘we are going to quit smoking or that well jin 2 gym. Well go on a diet or promise ‘ourselves thal from now on we're going to spend more time on housework or tat we're going to cut down on all the chocolate we eat. But by 2 February, most of these resolutions will be no more than a distant memory and we'll be behaving just the same as we were when the last year ended. One reason why people abandon all thelr promises and resolutions is that it's easy to say we're going to do something (or not going to do something) but much harder to {go on and on doing it (or not doing it) - especialy if itis dificult or uncomfortable for us. OK, everyone may need a bit ofa rest from all the eating and crinking over Christmas and the New Year, but a few weeks later our appetites have returned and we start to feel deprived. That's when we are most at risk - especially if he results of cur dieting or not smoking are not immediately visible, But don't despa! If you're thinking of making New Year's resolulions, fst be sure you're ready forthe challenge, and then raad on for tips on how to increase your chances of success. 1 Examine your motivation for change, At the end of along nigh, ater a large me, you say, ‘That's it, I'm going on a diet tomorrow,’ but the chances are you won't feel the same in 24 hours. However, F you are realist and accept thet change will be iffcut, you will tay motivated for ionger. 2 Set realistic goals. Habits and behaviours that are changed gradualy have a creator chance of success than those that are changed eo drastically tht your mind and body just can't cope. 3 Focus on the programme rather than the goal, you decide to control your eating, your goal forthe day is not o lose a specific numberof pounds, but to stick to. your programme. Such focus on your behaviour wil help you fee in contral ef your ita, You wil gain satstzction from making sensible choles several times throughout the day. 4 Be posttve about your physical symptoms. When you give up smoking you'l fol strange. See that as @ good sion of your body geting rid ofthe drug, not as something unpleasant. 5 Stick to your decisions. Yesterday you said, 'I'm going to the gym at eight o'clock tomorrow moming.' But now i's quarter past seven inthe morning and yeu dent foal ice geting up. Tough! You'l never elickto those resolutions it you don't keep trying when it's difficult. 8 Nobody's perect! You'll probably mess up trom time to time. But you mustn't give in just because of that. Say to yourself, ‘I'm going on with this — today, tomorrow andthe next cay. Im not a quiter” 7 If you're waiting for a more convenient time to begin to change your behaviour, that change won't happen. I's almost never convenient to change Ingrained habits, So it you'e going todo it start ight now. And then things wil gt beter sooner!UNIT7: A 43 ‘1 Read the information on the «MEW YEAR'S EVE is 31st December. Many people go to parties or stay right about what happens at —_up and watch the New Year celebrations on television. It is common for New Year in the UK. Is itthe people to make New Year's resolutions — promises to behave better in ‘same as New Year in your the following year (e.g. to stop eating so much chocolate, to take up ‘country? exercise etc). New Year's Day is Ist January. It is always @ public holiday. Most people stay at home, recovering from the evening before. » ‘Why do you think people find it difficult to stick to New Year's resolutions (to keep the _ promises they made)? Make notes about what advice you ‘would give someone about —~ - o— how to (a) stop doing something bad or (b) start doing something better. een Read the website text by Dr Pauline Wallin, opposite. Does she agree with you? 4 Read the text again and find: .» five resolutions that people sometimes make. ... three reasons why sticking to resolutions is difficult, woe wee Language in chunks © Complete the following sentences with these phrases from the text. onadiet adistant memory ot risk can't cope in control of goin satisifoction feel like nobody's perfect “What's the matter? You lool worried.’ ‘I've got too much work just now. I just a b ‘Do you remember your tenth birthday clearly?” ‘No, it’s just. "What's the matter?” ‘I don’t feel .. my life, Everything is going wrong,” ‘I dida’e do very well in my maths exam!” ‘Oh, never mind, “Are you saying I'm overweight? "No! You don’t need to go ..... “Are you staying in tonight?* "Yes, I don't -.....u-meneenn Going to Shelly's party.” “You really think I can climb that mountain?’ *Yes I do, and you'll also you reach the top.’ when h ‘We've hardly sold any tickets for our show. ‘I know. It’. svvwevnm Of being cancelled.”44 UNIT 7: B eB The best place to get married? ‘@ Read the article, and i i thon the corectnamesunaer Marathon marriage just the tip the pictures below. of the iceberg When Angelo Stratford agreed to morry Nigel Jones, they decided to do it in style. They're just one of the many couples who choose an ut-of- the-ordinary experience for the most important day in theit ives. Nigel Jones, 48, and his 34-year-old wife Angela had been together for six years before they became husband and wife in 2001, They ran hand in hand for 25 miles of the 2001 London marathon before stopping at a statue called Cleopatra's Needle, where family and friends cheered as they were ‘married. After the ceremony they ran the last mile of the race waving @ bbanner that said “Just Married! Later they had a wedding reception at a hotel in Greenwich ‘Angela met Nigel at @ running elub — and thought of the marathon wedding. ' just thought it was the perfeet way to get married; she seid. But she only agreed to become Nigel's wife when he could run as fast as she could. I said oniy a man who ean catch me will be able to marry me: she said. He ran and ran, and eventually got to my level, and we started doing races together. | wasn’t interested in anyone who dida't want to race" ‘The bride wore a knee-length cream wedding dress with veil and cream gloves. Her husband-to-be wore shorts, a jacket and a pretend shirt and tie. Bishop Jonathan Blake who conducted the wedding ceremony said, ' have married people underwater, over the Internet, on boats and aeroplanes. | think it is wonderful that people ean be free to express themselves, choose a service and an interesting setting that has more meaning for them. But | can’t imagine getting married after running 25 miles! But if you don't fancy running a marathon to get married, you could always decide to go abroad for that special day and travel companies are now doing their best to persuade young couples to do just that. ‘With the average cost of a wedlding in the UK being about £12,000; according to Sasha Pliotnoy, a designer who specialises in marriage ceremonies, ‘quite 2 few people are beginning to realise that i's alot cheaper to fy off with just a few special friends and family to some exotic location and get married on 2 beautiful island or in some ather romantic setting: ‘There 'sno limit to the number and type of locations on offer. Award- winning tour operator Kuoni, for example, advertises 24 different packages. Its most popular one is the Triton Hotel in Sri Lenka, Thomson Cruises| suggests @ wedding on board ship ~ and you don't even have to travel far for the honeymoon. Sandals Luxury Resorts offer all sorts of wedding packages in the Caribbean, and My Travel Group offers anything from an Austrian chapel to the Australian outback. OF course if you don't want to go abroad, you could always get married in hot air balloon, on an ice-skating rink, up @ mountain, or in a tree. They ve al been done. None of this impresses Ronald and Daisy Crabtree who got married on the same day as Nigel and Angela's interrupted marathon wedding, ‘We got married in church; Roger said, "because that's the tradition. Daisy wore @ traditional wedding dress and | wore a moring coat and a top hat. That's how people have always got married and it seemed the right thing for us too, We had a lovely day, something we will always remember!o According to the text, who: UNIT7:B 45 completed a race after they were married? .., met in 1995? b ... encourages people to get married ona boat? g ... offers weddings in Austria? ¢ ... got married after the man answered a h... wants people to get married in Sri Lanka? challenge successfully? d weddings? e€ ... knows the price of weddings? i... will always remember their wedding? has been an official at many strange j_.. wore a traditional wedding dress? Look at the way the phrases in the box are used in the text and then use them to fil the gaps in these sentences. exotic location got to my level rand ia hand insiyie ‘UL OF the ordinary romantic seiting the tip of an eebero wedding package weeding reception a A location that makes people think of love or feel lovi sometimes described as a. b A phrase to describe a small part of a much bigger situation is ¢ An all-inclusive programme you pay for when you book your ‘wedding through a travel agent can be called a d An unusual, interesting and often foreign place can be referred to 85 BM e When he reached the same standard as me he g Ifyou do something in a way that people admire and/or which costs a lot of money you could say that you are doing it h The party after two people are married is called a i When two people hold each other's hand we say they are460 UNIT 7: se C Invitations 1 Look at the following invitations (1-4) and then answer the questions, paonssomrsesseemsseemesncenmemomsat: ¥ a Mr and Mrs Gurney 1 dave great pleasure in inviting you to the wedding oftheir daughter i Katherine eo ‘ Gerald McWhitney : “At St Georges Daith Chur a Cliffird Charabers \ On April? : AIL am 4A and afterwards at 13 Rambsborongh Drive, Srafard-upon-Avon, a Warwickshire CV37 2JE a a RSVP Becumnnenemnmrmeemrez 3 | es bay { 2] 9, ig] Saturday August 7 | @ | From: 7.30 om onwards | B | AL 121 Lion Drive, Peckham 1B} j-Be Tel: 020 7654 3729 | | mall: gtaschki@richmondeom ° From Jed -To: Maureen Ce: acer Subject: great party ‘Any chance you can come to my party next Saturdey, starting at abaut 7.30? Everyone's going ta be there. It would be great if you could come too :-) Bring e battle and something to est. And don't worry, Shiona can come toa If she wants. CUnext Saturday? Jed STW do you have Matt's email addrass? | want to ask him too (If that’s OK?). SI a Which is the most formal? ... b Which is the most casual? ...... Steere ae2 Read the invitations again and answer the following questions, Imagine that you are planning a party to celebrate an event such as the end of a course, New Year's Eve, or an important birthday. You have unlimited money for your party. UNIT7:C 47 a What information has to go on any invitation? © What does the invitee have to do in each case? Is it always the same thing? a Decide: ** where the party should be, © when it should start and €nd, eomeenenene © what music there should be. rmnrwnnsmnnnnnen ‘what food and drink you want. nnn + what will make your party special ~ one that people will remembet. b Write an invitation for the party you have decided to hold. Base it (on one of the examples (1-4) in Exercise 1.eA Graffiti ‘+ Read the text and then think about these questions. a What is graffiti? sits b What is most people's attitude to it? The Newcastle Two ‘few years ago, two teenagers were prosecuted in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north of England. They were sent toa young offenders! institution for three months. According to the police, they had caused £30,000 worth of damage to public property. Simon Sunderland ‘Simon Sunderland was sent to prison last week for five years, one of the most serious punishments ever given toa graffiti artist. At his teal in Sheffield the judge said, ‘ifthe people of this area could see the Photographic evidence of the damage you have caused they would probably be very shocked. The message from this courts clear. Ifyou set out to target and spray the buildings ofthe people of South Yorkshire, you will go to prison for long time.” Sunderland's career started after he asked Barnsley Council to provide walls for grafiti artists. The council refused and so he started spraying any buildings he could find using the tags ‘isto’ or ist’. He worked at night in his favourite colours of red, black and silver, His paintings appeared on hundreds, possibly thousands, of sites. It cost the local council £500,000 a year to clean up the buildings he had painted on. (On one occasion, Sunderland sprayed a bus that had broken down. On another, a man saw him at work and went up to him to complain, Sunderland tumed round and sprayed the man! In a magazine article recently he said, ‘I look for walls wherever Igo. It gives me a buzz. It feels like people know you!” ‘Things came to an end when a policeman saw him spraying a ‘motorway bridge. When the police went to his house they discovered hundreds of spray-paint cans and maps of the areas he worked in When the police catch graffiti artists for the first time they usually give them a small fine or a caution, but for second, third or fourth DN ee o crs offences the penoities oO Leos Anessa pacitttt Pen get more Sener ‘graffiti artists be sent to prison? sd Moen emcaegm ae catty atte oa 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 ,Answer the following questions. a What is a tag b Who are the Newcastle Two?.. ¢ Who was sent to prison for five years?. d Who refused to give graffiti artists walls to paint on?... e Which tags did Simon Sunderland use? 0 ‘The first letter of each answer is provided for you. a the way people write their name, usually on a cheque or at the end of a letter: s to make or design something new for the first time: punishments for breaking a law or rule: P. Write a paragraph in answer to one of the follo a Graffiti ~ is it street art or street shame? b Was the judge right to send Simon Sunderland to prison? Language in chunks UNIT B:A 49 £ Who spent £500,000 a year, and why? Who complained to Simon Sunderland and what happened? 7 hh Who saw Simon Sunderland painting a motorway bridge?.. Find words or phrases in the text with the following meanings. actions that are against the law: °. : © accused officially: Poonennm~ £ places: s.. g to produce a stream of paint from a can: Use expressions from the box below to complete the story of Bill Adams, which follows. ‘according to the police on one occasion {90 to prison for a long time things came to an end went up to him it jes me a buzz it soon became dear Next week, +8-year-old Bill Adams goes on trial for robbery. (a).. she is one of the busiest criminals in the country. Bill likes to rob buildings when people are in them. *(b) totake things when people are in the next room," he told police investigators. (€) .. sou he went into a house where a party was going on. A party guest (8) one sone and talked to him for five minutes, but Bill managed to get away from him. However, (e) when someone saw him climbing through a window. The police arrived and arrested him, When they went to his parents’ house they found hundreds of stolen items. 0 that Bill was no ordinary thief. ‘The police hope that Adams will (g) f but Bill remains optimistic. i'm young,’ he said, ‘’m sure they'll give me a second chance.’50 UNITS: B oB From graffiti to art fame An extraordinary li David Bowie and Jefrey Wright as Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat Jean-Michel Basquiat Untitled (Skull), 1981 acrylic and mised media on canvas 81x G9 4 he Band Edt Broad collin Photograph © Douglas M, Parker Scudio ‘The Braad Art Foundation How a New York graffiti artist became the darling of the art world, but did not live to tell the tale Jean-Michel Basquiat, who was born in New York in 1960, was the son of a Haitian father and a Puerto Rican mother. As a child he liked drawing pictures, and because they were good his mother encouraged his interest. At the age of 18 Basquiat left home and quit school just before he was due to graduate. He had nowhere special to live, Sometimes he would sleep in a ‘cardboard box in Thompkins Square Park, Sometimes he would stay with friends. He played in a band, and started doing graffiti, tagging walls and subway cars with the signature ‘SAMO! But he also painted ~ a curious ure of words and images, of western art and the traditions of Haiti, Puerto Rico and Aifica. it seemed to many that he was searching for some kind of identity. Basquiat’s paintings were first shovin in a joint exhibition in 1980, and immediately people started to get interested ~ very interested. Soon he was surrounded by agents, gallery owners, journalists and many other people who were desperate to make him famous and make money out of him, His fame spread like wildfire and everyone was talking about him. There were exhibitions of his work all over ‘America, He dated the (not yet famous) pop star Madonna and became a great friend of Andy Warhol, one of the giants of the New York art scene. In 1986 he went to the Ivory Coast in Africa. In 1988 he had simultaneous exhibitions in Paris and New York. But that was the year when it all came to an end. Jean-Michel died of a drug overdase at the age of 27. Basquiat is still remembered today, not just because he was the first black artist to have real success in the white world of art, but also because he was @ fascinating, beautiful man. One writer wrote of him as 2 ‘radiant child: John ‘Seed, who worked as his assistant when he was at the height of his powers, says that he was ‘completely original: He remembers the first day he met him. Even though he was successful Jean-Michel lived in a room with only two pieces of furniture: a bed and a television. There were books and paintings al over the Floor. He remembers too how Basquiat turned up late at his first big exhibition, listening to his personal stereo. He was not comfortable with large crowds, yet ‘many people loved him as one of the most creative and kind people they had ever met. One fellow artist who knew and worked with Jean-Michel was Julian Schnabel. Nearly ten years after his friend's death he made a film called, simply, Basquiat, a celebration of an extraordinary life. It stars Jeffrey Wright as Jean-Michel, David Bowie as Andy Warhol and Courtney Love as a Medonna-like character. There are other rales for well-known actors such as Dennis Hopper One scene shows Basquiat behaving as Schnabel wants to remember him. Jean-Michel is in 2 restaurant with a girlfriend. Suddenly he pours syrup all over the table, spreads it with a paper napkin, and then, with his fork, draws a perfect portrait of the gir! sitting ‘opposite him. Then he smiles and he is happy.UNITS: 8 51 3 Read the text opposite and then complete this table. The first answer is done for you. Name: | Gean—Mihel Basquiat Dates (of birth/death): Place of birth: Parents’ nationalities: Occupations mentioned (3): Places where exhibitions were held: Name of the film about the main character: Actors in the film: & Read through the text a He was born in New York. again, Now note down the names that go with each of these descriptions. bb Iwas the place where Basquiat slept in a cardboard box, He used the tag ‘SAMO’. ..... She had an affair with Basquiat. He was a famous friend of Basquiat. ee He lived for 27 years. we He was Basquiat’s assistant, onscreen He was an artist who worked with Basquiat, He made a film about Basquiat. 0 Look at the way the following. nscnunnnnnnttninenn ‘words and phrases are used in the text and then write them in Sree the correct gaps (a-h). You may Photograph ete. is a thick, sweet ligui _--» is another word for a picture, have to change some of the —_¢ If someone doesn’t really know who they are but wants to know, hla they may Well Be @ A The cellist ‘1. Read the text below and then answer the questions that follow it. ‘There was only one chair on the stage of the concert hall in northern England. There was no piano, no music stand and no conductor. Just that solitary chair. The atmosphere in the hail was tense. People were nervous and excited. Everyone in the audience of 600 people knew that they were going to hear a very special kind of music. Finally it was time to start. Yo-Yo Ma, one of the world’s most famous cellists, came on to the stage, bowed to the audience andl sat down quietly on the chair. He made himself comfortable, thought for some minutes until there was complete silence, and then he started to play music that was at first empty and dangerous, but that soon became loud and painful, like the worst thing you've ever heard. It was almost unbearable but then, finally, it faded away to nothing. Yo-Yo Ma did not move. He stayed with his head bowed over his instrument. Everyone in the hall held their breath. For what seemed like hours, nobody moved. It was as if they had all experienced something terrible and dark. But then Yo-Yo Ma stood up. He put down his cello. He stretched out his hand to someone in the audience, asking them to come and join him. An electric shock ran through the audience when they realised what was going to happen. Aman got up from his seat and walked towards the stage. He was dressed in dirty motorcycle leathers, but Ma did not seem to mind. He rushed down from the stage, and when the two men met they flung their arms around each other in an emotional embrace. The audience went crazy; suddenly everyone was cheering and shouting, when they've just heard great music. But this was more than music. a Who played at the CONC? eae ene 7 b How many people were in the audience? ¢ What was the music HIk€? eee ase d How did the audience react as the music finished? enon What happened next? oe £ How did the audience react then?_.... 7 aUNIT 2 Complete the table below us 1g words from the text. a b s. Words about musical Adjectives describing Adjectives desert instruments, musical furniture, how people feel: something bad: and musi Tick the words you know. Use your dictionary to look up the words you do not know. Language in chunks Explain the meaning of the phrases in italics, which are taken from the text. a He made himself comfortable. .. b There was complete silence. c Everyone held their breath. .. d They fllaig their arms around each other. . € The audience west C102), seowernnn Use the phrases from Exercise 3 to answer the following questions. You may have to change the tense of the verbs and some other words. a What do you do when you swim underwater?. = Spee ete b What do you do at the start of a long rail journey? oe asbisbestsceenstceees ¢ What might you hear in the middle of the Arctic or Antarctic? ..u-unenm Be What would you and your best friend do if you met after not seeing each other for a long time? ¢ What would you do at the end of a concert by your favourite musician? © Think about the following questions. a Why does the text say ‘this was more than music’. 'b What do you think is the connection between the music, Yo-Yo Ma and the man dressed in motorcycle leathers? By reading texts 1-3 in the next section (Section B) you will find out the answers.80 UNITIa: B B The story of Vedran Smailovic (Before working on this section, make sure you have read the text in the previous section (Sectiow A).) % Read Text 1 and then answer the questions. In the early 1990s, there was a terrible war in Yugoslavia, Many people died, both soldiers and civilians. The city of Sarajevo was for many months one of che most dangerous places in the world. Ie was constantly under attack and its civilian inhabitants had to live no electricity and litle water. Only 3 few shops stayed open to sell food. On 27 May 1992, one of the shops, a bakery, opened in the afternoon and a long line of men, women and children queued to buy fresh bread, But it was not to be, At four o'clock a mortar shell exploded in the street and 22 innacent people were killed. ‘A man called Vedran Smailovic lived near the scene of this terrible tragedy. He was 35 at the time, and when he heard the news he decided to do something about it. ” Read Text 2 and then answer the questions. TEXT 2 Before che war, Vedran Smailovic had been a cellist with the Sarajevo Opera When he heard abour an explosion that 3 had killed men, womea and children in a bread queue in Sarajevo, he decided to do something about it. And so he did what he did hese. He played his cell. For the next 22 days at exactly four o'clock in the afternoon he pur on his concert clothes, took his cello and a plastic chair into the empty sereets and played a piece of music by che composer Albinoni — his Adagio in G Minor, one of the saddest pieces of music ever. Around him there was fighsing and deaeh. Shells fell and bullets flew while be played, bue he was never hure, With the world collapsing around him he played for compassion and peace, ro ease the pain of loss and to preserve the dignity of the human race. a Why was there a queue of people in the street on 27 May 19922, b What happened at four o’clock?.... © How many people died?.. d When exactly did they die? eeenannnu e Who were they a What was Vedran Smailovic's job before the b What did Vedran Smailovic decide to do when he heard the news and how did he do it? ¢ What piece of music did he play? d Why did he play his cello?... aes0 Read Text 3 and then answer the questions. TEXT 3 David Wilde, an English composer, read a story in his newspaper that moved him deeply. It was about @ man called ‘Vedran Smailovic, who played his cello in the street in the middle of a war to honour the dead. His courage was extraordinary because he sat in the street and played while shells and bullets flew around him. David Wilde was so inspired by the story that he wrote a special piece for solo cello, which he called ‘The Cellist of Sarajevo. It was performed by the cellist Yo-Yo Ma at the Manchester cello festival in April 1994, Incredibly, Vedran Smailovic had survived the war and was in the audience that night to hear it, When Yo-Yo Ma finished playing, the two men embraced in front of a cheering audience. Based on the information in UNIT 13: B Bt a Who is David Wilde?, b What did he read about? © What did he de then? d Where was The Cellist of Sarajevo performed? € Who played it? £ Who was in the audience? the text in Section A and in ‘Texts 1-3 above, answer these questions. What words would you choose ‘rom the following lists to describe Vedran Smailovic's action? What other words could you use? a What was the piece of music in the concert called?. b Who wrote it? z © Why did he write 102 etn What had Vedran Smailovic done and why?....... * beautiful © brave © dramatic © gentle foolish + isresponsible useless * crazy82 UNIT Ta: eC Correcting and ordering 1 Read the following corrected piece of homework by an elementary student, and then complete the ‘correction symbols’ chart with the correct symbols. Mast IF ony foarte thing. | hike ey euch if, | haut, learned the. piano when | was yong but nad | don"t Ct] ploy very enuth at all iy sister pay in a rot. band. She is very teaon| heady otal cwust, tha | don’t Ite. tt at all buause | aon better (My fiend polar I kay al use thas Lt of tft s about tt — and he also lias @ lot cay sister! CORRECTION SYMBOLS ‘Symbol _Meaning Ja2a-style enusic, i _The word order is wrong. 2 Write a correct version of the student's composition in Exercise 1.UNIT 13: C83 B Look at the following statement. All children should learn a musical instrument at school. Do you agree with it? 4 Read the following opinions. What do you think? Write A (= Agree) or D (= Disagree) in the brackets. a Music can be enjoyed all your life. b Children take pride in progress. € Children develop intellectually if they learn an instrument, Instruments are expensive to buy ot hire. ¢ Not everyone likes music. £ There's nothing special about music. g Other subjects (e.g. maths, science) are more important. hi Playing in music groups is good for cooperation. i. Practising a musical instrument is good for self-discipline. j_ Instrumental playing helps mind and body coordination. k Some children are bored by music. 1 Some children have no musical talent. Now list the opinions (a-I) in the correct columns below. al instrument Against leaning a music instrument & Uso some of the opinions trom Exercise 4 to write one paragraph of riot more than four sentences, either in favour of or against the statement in Exercise 3 above.eA Rachel 7 Read the text. It comas from a book called Trumpet Voluntary. Do you think the book is: a... am instruction book for trumpet players? b ... a story of romantic love? ¢ ... a study of one of the most famous pieces of 17th century music? Tliked Rachel. She was quiet and gentle. She had light brown hair and pretty brown eyes sel in a round, pleasant fuce. When she smiled she looked like a happy child and you easy to tall to. ‘That night we sal and talled about what we hoped for in the future. I tole her Twanted to make enough money as a musician to have a nice house, travel abit, ha kind of thing. ‘She tole’ me that her dreams were much the same. She wanted children one day: she suid, bul for that shed need to find the right.man. “Wall its no good lookking at me: I said, asa joke. ‘Tiknow that, you fool she said, Jaughing al me. "You east see anybody anyway: Not while ‘Malgosia isin the wos” U blushed. “Maybe I replied. I dit like talleing about i ‘Can I say something?” Rachel asked. nervously. ‘Tdepends what itis’ Ireplied. Around us people were talking and laughing 2s the night ‘got darker I saw the lights of a party boat travelling along the river in front of us. st that, well, I know Malgosia is beautiful. ' mean really beautiful. T wish Twas Dbeautifllike that, And I do like her. But shes crazy about Tibor, and anyone whe crazy about Tibor, wel... She stopped and looked at me, wondering bow I would react. ‘Well what?" I answered. I understood what she was saying, I think, but I didnt like anyone criticising Malgosia, “Oh, now youire cross with me, Rachel worried. Sorry. Sorry: But is just a pity to see ‘you and het: Shes not right for you. Youre wasting your time, wasting your life on her and youre not getting anything back. I doesnt look good. Thats what I think.’ ‘Well; 1 snapped baek, without thinking, ‘I dont care what you think, OK? Me and Malgoxia, well, were ... I wanted a word that meant more than ‘friend! bul I couldsit, {think of the right one - ‘Were special, all right? So its none of your business. Just keep ‘out of my affairs, OK?" Rachel had gone red and Thad gone too far. My only excuse is that 1 was very eonfised then, and stil very young But I suppose, if Tam honest, that wosnt it. It wos beeuuse Rachel had said something that T didn’t want to hear because i was the truth. Now think that if only Thad Uistened to her then if only Thad understood what she was trying to tell me.I might not have made the decisions that I did and myy life might have turned out very differently, Scere NetsUNIT 1 85, Find words or phrases in the text with the following meanings. The first letter is given for each. a a stupid person: f. e saying bad things about someone: b to go red from embarrassme 2D cnenmnenen fF AnBEYE Co in love with someone: C..uu & tO Say something suddenly because you are f tananinsanians aot CT d to say/do something because of what someone else has said/done: © Read the text again. What do you know about the following people? the narrators omen cvemennneee € Tibor ae Bb Rachels en pve dM LgOSIS ecenenens - 4 out looking back at the text, rewrite the following with the correct punctuation, a can I say something Rachel asked nervously b Tknow that you fool she said laughing ar me € well whar T answered Language in chunks © Complete these phrases from the text and explain what they mean. a She was very easy . b She's not ... © You're wasting .. d I don’t care what .. € Ir’s none of £ Keep out of .. Lhd gOME oennnsnnnan Which two phrases are used © The narrator says, ‘if only | had listened to her then ... my life might have turned out very differently.” What do you think he means? What do you think happened to him?86 UNITI4: 8 ee B How do you know it's love? + Read the following statements, Tick the first column if you agree with them. Being attracted to someone isn't the same as being in love with them. b Ie difficult to say whether ‘this is love’. ¢ Some people think they are in love, but actually they just don’t want to be alone. d There are many different kinds of love. € When you love someone you feel as if they are with you even when you are apart. someone you want to be with them. § When you love someone you want to share everything with them. hh You can’t love someone unless you love yourseli. i You know whether or not you are in love. Now read the text below. In what order do the points occur in the text? Write in the numbers in the second column above. The first one has been done for you. cea ls This Love? A Closer Look advion by Bob Navin ne othe most common questions we get asked at Lovingyau.com is How do you know fis teaky love?" Well, as you can imagine, tis also happens io be one ofthe most cfcult questions to answer! Love is such a strange, wordertl thing that nobody really understands what Ris yet Another problems thal tete ate so many diferent kinds of ove: he love you fea for 2 end, a famiy member, a spor or even & et. Love is such a arazy emation that there is absokitly no way love brary thal can definitively answer how you know when its love .. but Lam going to ge ty "Non, in order ta ind out you love sorneone, the basic place to slat would be lo ask samanet yourself, do you want to be with them. lithe answer to that question fs no, then i really can't be love, When you love someone, you want to be with them. Not just be with them, bul share ‘dating guide everything with them. You have @ great day at work and want fo rush home and tell them every ‘wondertul thing thet hes happened, You fee! excited at the praspact of ust baing In thelr company; slain Just being close to them Isnt enough, you want to be & part of ther, a part of their le forever, You saerione can't stand the though’ of being away from them but, when you are, you sil fel that bond that tis ‘you together wherever you go. You can almost feel what they are feeling, You feet tke, with a ite ok bit of efor, you can see what they are seeing and think what they are thinking. Thal, fo me, is love. obstavs [Now on the other side cl the spectrum, thare are lols of emotions thal people contuse vith love. One of the most common is attraction. There isa diference between being attracted to calli shon someone and wanting o spend the rest of your life wih someone, ‘Some paogle fall int the trap of thinking they love gomaone jus! because they ere afraid to be alone. They have become dependent on the other person for so much that they don know how to make it on their oxn, or because they would much rather be with someone than no one. “This leads tothe old cliché that in order to love anolher person, you must first lain to love yourself Well, wa'va all heard that before, but what does i realy mean? It maans that you have to be confident in your own ability and your own judgement. You realy have to lke yourself and know whal you have o offer another person, There Is no way thal you can love another person if you are so naurcte that you do anything they ask and agree with everything they say — justin case they won't tke you any more if you don't behave tke that. Basicaly, the question of whether or nol you are in ove with somaone Is pretty covious: you either are or you arent... and, deep down, you know the answer. You just have to trust yourself ta recognise icliché ‘common complicate dependent on fall into the trap pretty obvious harmony judgement neurotic 0 UNIT 14: 87 Look at the way the words and phrases in the box are used in the text on page 86, and then write them in the correct gaps below. a People are in when they are peaceful and agree with each other. b Someone who worries all the time is often called € We often use the phrase is clear and simple, to describe something that dd When we expect something to happen we say that there is a a of it happening. ce When someone makes a ‘what they think about it. FA is phrase that is repeated so often that we don’t think about its meaning, such as ‘blind as a bat’ or ‘raining buckets’ on something they decide When something is normal and ordinary we can say that itis h When two people something they experience it together. i When we +» things we make them less clear and simple. j When you always need the support of another person you are them. k When someone offers you something for nothing, it’s easy to swe Of believing them. ee Is each of the following statements True or False? Write T or F in the brackets. ‘a Bob Narindea suggests that many people don’t know whether [ ] what they are feeling is really love. b He thinks that the love for a pet is the same as the love fora [ ] friend. He says that people who are in love want to tell the person [_] they're in love with about everything that has happened to them. 4 He thinks that people who are in love can read each other's [_] minds. He suggests that you have to love others in order to beable [J to love yourself. £ He suggests that loving yourself means that you can make [J your own strong opinions. g He warns chat agreeing with anything the other person says [ ] is a sign of being too dependent on that person, h He is sure how to answer the question ‘Is this love?” {1 i Ithink Bob Narindra gives good advice! [J88 UNITI4: © C ‘Small ads’ &. ‘Duty manager Selary €60. ‘per Week Experienced person needed for busy setfservice ‘estauralit in Gratten Centre, “Applicant must be good with people and be responsible for ‘good hygiene standards, Slay | weeks daytime only, Call Steve br inteiview (01> @ Female teacher, 40-somett loves classical music, theatre, art, seeks honest, gentle, sensitive, capable and amusing man for marriage. Box 328 G) TELESALES person required for fast-growing company. Experience preferred. Salary, hours negotiable. 1 Look at the newspaper advertisements (often called ‘small ads’) Which one is looking for: a... someone to talk on the telephone all day? b ... x wife/girlfriend? € ... someone to work with cars? 4... 8 husband/boyfriend? € ... someone to work with food? Write the matching number in the brackets for each. Match the words in the box with their meanings (i). a friendly and polites ae epplicant “hygiene good with people mechanic king, cycling etc. : negotiable d something that can be changed or agreed through discussion: © someone who asks someone for a job: the outdoor life WAIN £ someone who fixes cars: g the money that is paid every MODth r-wenn bh would like to meetin _ i the amount of money offered for a job: Complete the following sentences using words from the advertisements. pressssnaes Mary on 01229 .. b _- negotiable. © S0-something Man eee neneee happy, artistic woman, d Cook . ow for new restaurant. ¢ Experience —nwnenoue but not essential £ The successful nn —. will earn a lot of money. g The applicant must aaeuu with people.ANSWER KEY c1 a rolative enthusiastically tey your best Aa Example answers 1 Do you i ashe child whar the problem is. «tell the child to be quiet. De you ok 8 ignore the problem. bb smile a the couple and say thar you underscand, go over and tall them to be quiet. 3 Do you: a say ‘Ie’s my grandfather's book, 1 don’t really want to fend bb lend it to your friend © say no. 2 Lensky Tatiana Lensky Madam Larina Onegin Ralph Fiennes Prince Gremin Onegin ‘Tatiana and Onegin j. Tchaikovsky Pushkin Pushkin i k 1 8 Widow ie pours our their heart ‘challenges someone to a duel can not wall away from ina strange mood £ passionately g curgoing Bi hearcbroken i landowner j. Betional kk diculous Ta cwist of fare b Sally John Justin ca He is happy because he has just won the lotrery. Arran is a good football player although he is noc very big. Stephen is very excited because he has just won the lottery. Stephen is very excited because of his lonery win. He played a good game in spite ofidespite feeling il ‘She missed the trainin spite of ‘despite gerting up early, He's happy because of his lotery ‘Mark isnot very popular despitefin spite of his friendly and enthusiastic Fle filed his exam despiteln spite of his hacd work Sadia passed her exam although she is noc very intelligent ca Exomple answers Report I: Andrew makes a fot of sakes because he works too fast. Although he eis his best co make Friends, te not very popular besause he tres too hard. He seems to be obsessed with music and he is sometimes careless. Report 2: Andrew isa fast worker who tres his best xo make friends Hel very eeave, He's lo very UNIT 2 A b 1 Some overalls. Le Zachary Mayo. From the sea/from drowning. a2 Example answers b 4 Because he was hor and he coulda sleep. He leaned too far over the side. He fille them with air and used them as a ‘fe jacker. Hee hada’t seen anyone for 34 hours and he'd seen shacks. Two marines talked to Mayo’s parents, Thee days acer they hheaed about his escape. As press release bb the Pentagon € stuffy bunk © deck F aircraft carrier g ordeal h micacle Aa back to sleep. bb thinking © footing of madacss F his eyes BI People who live in the house: Helen Monahan (———!, Marcus Monahan (boiler engineer), Harley Monahan (———}, Norton Monahan ( Pilot: Donald Campbell, (neurosurgeon) b d f dip ig plough chrough Bh yow i curour 8 a engine il wing wing tip Fuel gauge failure traps couple Hero pulls neighbour from fire Horrified driver sees attack Saved by shaep-eyed flighe attendant © Turbulence terrifies eenager90 ANSWER KEY c2 2 Articles (the, a) prepositions (in, fon), auxiliacy verbs (is, are, have ec) bb Verbs, nouns, adjectives: dramatic ‘words - the main events of the story ‘The verbs are often writen in che present simple tense. 3 ‘Turbulence terrifies teenager Horrified driver sees attack Saved by sharp-eyed flight arcendant Hero pulls neighbour from fire Fuel gauge failure traps couple 4 Gulay Mengug was terrified on a flight from Istanbul to New York by turbulence. b Youths attacked a car with bricks ‘and a baseball bat. € Ar hostess Julie saw a burning ship from an ae‘oplane. 4. Jean Buiter was saved from a fire by her neighbour Laurence Broderick at her home. © Jane Bakewell had forgotten her ‘mobile phone so she and her husband had to spend the night in their cas cs Example answers a Worker nearly dies in reezeciExercise saves locked-in worker bb Lorry smash kills 2/2 dead in motorway accident € Warmheart concert cancelled/liness stops Warmbeart concert Teenager runs marathon for cancer research/15-yearold Emma runs for charity UNIT 3 Ag aE The cext says “few shoppers go with lists’, Le. they haven's thought too carefully about what they want, bb The text says ‘this makes chem «feel positive’ © E The text says they are normally ‘placed on the back wall. dF The text says the middie shelves are considered the best. fF They must know. The text says that all supermarkets from one ‘company choose the same colours. £ E The ext sye that when people feel sleepy they buy more goods, kT. The cext says that fresh smells ‘create a nice homely” fel’. h F The text says that silence makes people feel uncomforrable, agen Aa bb open-air © careases 4 vacuum packed © blink € selkby dave background noise B observe AS Possible answers This makes people think they are going into an open-air market. ‘i makes them feel positive,» 5 eolours that make people fel iralthy and happy, « cv the same colouts 19 make people Eel at home, “This ean make customers feel Stet fakes shoppers el lence makes shoppers ‘uncomfortable AG “There is some eruth in both ofthese szutements but ais neater the meaning ofthe text than be Bt ‘queue dd madhouse © exit ramps f online hassle Bi collide i patrol creep slong Ie put things into perspective 1 convenience m shopping offline 1 efficient Ba a1 Arundel Mills Mall 2 $250 million 3 Baltimore, Maryland 4 7000 5 Shops, a movie theatre with 20 screens and an entertainment complex 6 Queues "for miles? b 1 Beople who have alveady used the Internet a lor 2 Small, only offering one thing, ‘quick, easy to use, don’e ask for personal information a: go wrong 3 Customer focus, relevance, support, service, fulfilment b d B2 b ct 2 "They think hae he Internet has chaiged he way people shop. b Iris ‘este to buy them on the inert, They would sil rather go toa shop 4 Computers have had an impact on the way they shop, 2 REREAD Bene Al “The correct answer i A2 ‘2 They are usually in their late teens oc early twenties b They are student, secretaries, young lawyers, electri © They are neither poor nor rch they don’t have too much money but they usually have enough eo travel cheaply 4 Backpackerland exists because travelling is cheaper than ever before By email, 3 hostel airconditioned ievlagged ceyberealés marker stalls travel guides clamotr bravest 4 hotter the worse more alive more interesting-looking cheaper bravest the worst ore alive bravest hotter ‘more inteesting-looking cheaper mean ee queue rE eeeAS between (X and Y} completely ac home cost the earth life is fall of surprises ‘out of touch doxily chattering keep the flies at bay cearly-bird travellers die-hard party goers expectantly dawn chorus muffled i clatrers 83 a car hors, water pipes, Thai conversation bb bolts clicking open, the German girls’ clogs ¢ a traveller who'd been in the same place the night before one of a group of Americans fe American They're banana pancakes. They'se the business. Writer: They smell pretty good, American: They taste better. Are you English? Writer: Yes. American: Have you been here Tong? “Writer: I've been here since yesterday evening, What about you? ‘American: I've been here for 2 week, gh mada ‘A Scottish poet. ‘Traditional Scortish sausage made ‘of chopped meat and oats, boiled in a sheep's gut. ‘A poem by Robert Burns. ‘The Bishop of Ireland in the Sth ‘century and a saint. A three-leafed clover, Good fun. UNITS. b d f A b A He's a writer. Ina camper van. He thinks ies wonderful 3 Example answers A A he lost his la, he needed a new engine for his car and suddenly he found a van, which resolved both problems. he wasn't sure he could handle it Iparcing, washing, loneliness, life ‘on the road, power for the computer far paths, lay-bys, festival sites, by the roadside. it’s great aot knowing where you are, seeing new sights, beauiful scenery. using solar power theze's no rent, no obligations, @ sente of feedom and happiness; the Whole world is your home. 4 ‘An accident is something bad shat inappens when you don't expect i accidental i when something hrappens that is nor planned. A pack is a large are of grass (often in a vows) fr relaxations a car park isa special place for people to leave their ears. Asie is a special place for someting (2 lactory, town, festival te); a sight is something you see. ‘A road sign is something that gives formation about speed limits, reetions etc; the roadside is the ares at the side ofa road, ‘An optimist is someone who thinks that everything willbe fine; pessimist is someone who thinks everything that can go wrong will go wrong ‘campsite is an area where people ‘an put tents oF mobile homes a tamper yan isa van that has Been adapted for people to live in 5 cope with spends a lt of time rake a decision a sense of freedom has no doubt (that) ANSWER KEY 91 BI The verses are currently inthe order 2, 1,3. B2 ‘wearing Poor nothing cloties clumsily patiently smirks inside 3 ‘Lam completely diferent “The confession ‘The confession Tam completely different Tam eompleaely different The confession “The confession (You decide!) 1 Flat 3, 156 Centenary Road, Mumbai, India. By bus. [At First she was nervous, pessimisticy tings have improved Eince chen, so she's fine, though she sul ean belive it 4. Brenda's a pessimist. Maries an ‘optimist. ce Brenda's a teacher. M films. f David is probably Rosemary's tusand ; “Althongh the layout is quite Formal, © he lee el every informal and friendly, with expressions lke You know me’, ‘So the big news is we've made our decison’, and igning off with “lore. works in Bg ceccem seanceo nent gS92 ANSWER KEY UNIT 5 At Mary Read a 1690-1720 b Bricsh € She was disguised as» hoy so that she coul inherit her grandmother's money. She fought and lived as a ran, 4. She fought in the British army. She thastied a soldier. She was eapeured by pirates. She foughe a8 a pirate. She had a baby in prison. «Jack Rackham 8¢ Anne Bonney, Pirates; two soldiers 1 She was imprisoned bur not executed because she had 2 baby. Cristina Sanchez a 1972 — B Spanish © She fought as 2 matador, usualy a male occupation, She started bullfighting in South America in 1992 She was crcicised, She retired in 1999 She was fed up with erticism, s0 she retired, Calamity Jane a 1852-1903 b American € She foughe like a mar: (often dressed 28 a man) and was famous for her bravery. 4 She foughe with the US army ia the 1870s. She saved a eapetin who fell from his horse. She mee Wild Bill Hickock and went ro live with him in Deadywood. She ran a canch and an inn, She mareied and had a slaughter © The captain who called her “Calamity Jane’; Wild Bil lickack; Giincoa Bike (her husband) She tied to raise cate and then ran an ian bue she was not suceessfl Az 2 Mary Read b Cristina Sinchea € Calamity Jane 4 Mary Reid © Calamity’ Jane {Wid Bill Hiekock A3 2 on foot bb Fallin love with © the ban was lifted 4. setied in, on horseback Mach to my surprise Bt 1 Catherine of Aragon 2 Anne Boleyn 3 Jane Seymour d f 8 c Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Pare ‘male heir proof ‘contemporary accounts control superb shor tied in childbirth sceomplished athletic good polities disastrous horseman Sport, horse riding, archery, tennis, 1 Mary 2 Elizabech 3 Edward 4 Edwaed 2 Mary 3 Elizabeth Catherine of Aragon Jane Seymour ‘Anne of Cleves Catherine of Aragon 1 Example answers b ‘Whae’s your name? ‘When were you born, and where were you born? Where are you from? Where do you live? Have you lived anywhere else? Where were you educated? What have been some of the important events in your life so far? ‘What's the most important thing that has happened to you recently? How would you describe yourself? Was are your ines) ‘What do you hope for in the furure? ss UNIT 7 A pr sean cee 4 guittmoking join gym, goon a et, spend more time on housework, cut down on chocolate it's easier to say ic chan do it, our appetites return and we start to feel deprived, the results are not immediately visible 5 can’t cope a distant memory in control af | nobody's perfect ona die fee! like tain satisfaction at risk 1 Angela Jones Nigel Jones Ronald Crabtree Daisy Crabrree 2 ‘Angela and Niget ‘Thompson Cruises Angela Bishop Jonathan Blake Sasha Pliomov sel and Angela My Travel Group ‘The tour operator, Kuoni Roger and Dai ‘romantic setting the tip of an iceberg wedding package exotic location ot to my lev gut of the ordinary wedding reception hand in hand DOME neck eee ence mance 1 Mr and Mrs Gurney’s invitation to the wedding of their daughter ‘The e-mail invitation from Jed. 1 Old (Mr and Mrs Gurney must be old enough to have # grown- tap daughter) 2 Young (Rosie is probably in her lace reensiearly ewenties; the party is ata clubs she ures language lke ‘the coolest pacty in ov’, which suggests she is a fairly young person 3 Young (Carol, Gira, Sasha and Miguel probably share « house, so they might be lace ‘owentieslearly thirties). 4 Young (Jed is probably in his ‘early twenties (or late tens); he uses text message language (e.g. CU, BTW), which is more common for that age grap.) c2 who's sending it; what kind of an event; rime, dave and place of the event bb‘... have great pleasure in inviting you to... ‘Come and celebrate ».' *... would like to invite you's “Any chance you can come to my party ply (RSVP); bring a bottle; et us know if you can comes bring a borele and something co eat 1 smile 3 by the wayUNIT 8 AL 2 Paintings oF tags on the side of buildings, bridges, buses and trains, b The eext suggests that mast people don’ like it and that geafish artists are usually punished. a2 2 A graffi artist's signature. 'b Two teenagers who were prosecured in Neweastle for causing £30,000 dlamage to public buildings. Graffiti arist Simon Sundecland. 4 Barnsley Council © ‘Fisto" ar Fist F The local council spent £500,000 a year cleaning up graffi sg Aman who saw him painting ‘complained ro him. Sunderland Spray-painted the mon. h A policeman AB signature i invent © penalties offences © proseested f sites 5 spray-paint A 6 a f 5 ‘According to the police Tegives mea buzz (On one occasion went up to him things came to an end Iesoon became clear 8 go 10 prison for a long time B1 Jean-Michel Basquiat 1960~1988 New York Haitian father, Puerto Rican mother Played in a band, doing graffi, paincing, All over America, Paris and New York Basquiat Jeffrey Weight, David Bows Love B2 a Jean-Michel Basquiat b Thompkins Square Park Jean-Michel Basquiat d Madonna Andy Warhol £ Jean-Michel Basquiat John Seed 'h Jalian Schnabel i Julian Schnabel B3 a Sycup b Image searching for some kind of identity quit school Courtney c u A ce pe neancepmoange encourage your interest simultaneous at the height oftheir powers 1 “The dog chased the rabbit. Ms Jesperson owns the rabbit. ‘Me Jesperson bit the dog, ‘Mrs Ramsey rook down the fence. Harmony is Mr Jesperson's wife. Mrs Ramsey and Mr Jesperson are neighbours. 2 “The present simple ‘The headline misses out articles, auxiliaries and prepositions. 1 The first paragraph, cells the whole story briefly as an introduction. 2 The second paragraph explains the firs parts ofthe story in more detail 3 The next paragraph completes the story. 4 The final paragraph concludes the arte by ooking coche They ate perconal pronouns. ‘The underlined wards refer back to wusly mentioned nounslnames, fg. his = Mr Jesperson, her = Mrs Carol Ramse their = William Jesperson and Carol Ramsey. INIT S 2 ‘crossing your arms scratching your head sheugging your shoulders smiling waving tapping your foot 3 intimacy ‘universal fidgeting, strangers subconsciously protect yourself 4 Because they are happy. Because they are surprisedinterested Because they are uncertain or Because they don't know something co dant care Because they are relaxed or bored, ‘or want to protect themselves. “To say hello or goodbye. “To show they are puzzled. ANSWER KEY 93 AS face-to-face - without seeing the people we're talking to fut of place - appropriate telling the truth = lying AG ‘telling the truth face-to-face cout of place Baad? eee interviewer unconsciously relax tuncrossed sit forward teagerlenthusiastic g lower hh the same j. decisive appropriate T carol C1 a A bank robbery. b Three. c2 “The raid took place at about 1.30pm, nor 12.30 as in the bb The man withthe gun had long grey haig, nor short dace haie as in the wieness stacement. The second man was wearing & blue Tshiet, nota black ane as in the witness statement. c3 Example answer Policeman: What id you see? ‘Wimess: Well [saw v0 men runn away from a house. Policeman: Were they carrying anything? Witness: Yes. One of them was carrying a backpack, which seemed pretty fll. The other ane had rwo pictures with him. They"d obviously ust taken them fom the house94 ANSWER KEY Policeman: Can you describe th sn? a''place’ on the Internet that you © UNIT 11 istry ewer tage BSUS once * See ws Pet Sar ES 0 Ss Stereo Ro Policeman: Anything else? B3 ¢ Many films have been made about: ‘Witness: Yes. A window of the house 3 55 minutes ‘William Shakespeare and his plays. was broken. b On the train d Apparently William Shakespeare ca © 1 Laptop computer wasn’t educated cnough for such a house. I could see a broken window in 4 Homework ‘Oxford used the name ‘William: UNIT 10 be seeing you fe paragraph S pawant to 1 John Field was Shakespeare's sesh 3 pele blab Scra 5 oe and he published books. By the time c2 F b William Shakespeare. ‘out of date 1b Clown's café? Stratford and one at Bilton. fothing wrong with that Oh please. Just once. down the drain 1 ‘Margaret Johnson Alex Faye ‘Tomorrow? See you aboue eight? OK. See you then. RO oR @ MER meen oh Ee Ren eR OE Ona e 4 8 ‘ 5 7 No dan € Brad Coortenay | z Whee! @ Ralph Blackman 7 en © Brad Courtenay T OK. Just once, i F a a2 E aie ba F au es t Pan a6 ? aa e3 Pe fi : . 7b i “ig ame a it technically complex oF bir | Intecnet service provider ios eT ‘a small computer that you can né aT | carry with you eF technically simple feie apt UNIT 12 At ‘The correct answer is € A2 a 4 1 2 3 3 Paul. Football. 1 He mises training sessions 2 Hes unfivout of shape, 3 He's our at parces al the time ‘They are brothers. 4 awkward stratch hardly training sessions fashionable ger up 0 sadiara aCe see enti roomed bis back Revenue at eee read hi hough 1 Fulham LEC Stowmarkee Chantelle White Permi Jhoot Perm’ fhooti Rachel Yankey “Two teenagers at Rachel's wainiog Glinton Joseph Armiddleaged man 4 lamp professional role model look up 9 enthusiastic eee re ees f 8 i k 8 » d © enone b 4 c blokes ref side coordinator ypical inspiring 3 it is the only fully professional women’s side in Brit she says she loves ita lucky to be playing it there were no women footballer role models they were sending text messages they weren't laughing 1 i she's really Pain tells you whether you need £0 see a doctor. Like ice, a bag of frozen peas ean help to stop the swelling, You can wrap the bag of frozen peas in a rowel. reat is bad because it inereases the swelling. A bandage helps to stop bleeding and reduce the swelling ‘You have to raise your leg above hip level within 24 hours. 3 ‘scuba laser NATO UNESCO vat UNIT 13 A b d pai) 1 ‘Yo-Yo Ms, the cells. 600, empty, dangerous, loud, painful — almost unbearable ‘They held their breath ~ complete silence. ‘Yo-Yo Ma beckoned to someone in the audience, went down to meet him and they embraced. ‘They started cheering and shouting, 2 ‘music stand conductor cellist piano excited emotional dangerous painful ‘unbearable terrible dark ANSWER KEY 95, A3 ‘2 moved about on the chair until he fele comfortable. not a single sound ¢ stopped breathing for a while embraced wildly applauded and cheered wildly AA a You hold your breath. b You make yourself comfortable. © Complete silence. You'd fling your arms around each other You might go crazy. B1 ‘2 They were waiting to buy bread. 'b A mortar shell exploded in the street. At four o'clock. They were innocent people ~ men, women and children F Vedran Smailovic was a 35-year-old man who lived nearby. B2 a He was cellist with the Sarajevo bb He decided ro do something about it, He played his cello inthe strext « Aibinan?s Adagio in G. 4 He played for compassion and peate, fo case the pain of loss, and fo preserve the dignity of dhe human race No, be was never hurt 33 4 He isan English composer B He read about a man who played his cllo inthe street to honout the dead, He wrote a special piece of music called The Celist of Sarajevo, 4 At the Manchester cello festival, © YoYo Ma. f Vedran Smailovic B4 a The Cellist of Sarajevo, ’ David Wilde © ‘Because he had read about Vedran Smailove. He had played his cello in che streets order co honour the dead, e. Vedcan Smailovic. ct grvem,96 ANSWER KEY c2 Example answer ‘Music is my favourite ehing. 1 Hike it very much. [earned the piaaa when ‘was young bus now I don't play very much at all My sister plays in 2 rock band. She is very keen on heavy metal music, though I don't like ic ar all beeause I prefer jaze-style music. ‘My friend Peter likes heavy mecal ‘music too. He has a lot of information about it~ and he also likes my sister a lost ca For (in favour of) learning 2 musical instrument: a by ¢, hy sj Against learning a musical instruments dee fehl cs Example answers In favour Children should learn a masical instrument at school because music ccan be enjoyed all your life. Bue it’s ‘more than that. Children develop intellectually when they leara an instrument and they take pride in theie progress. Playing music helps mind 1nd body coordination, and playing in ‘music groups is good far cooperation, Against ‘Alchough music hes some advantages, don't think all children should learn 2 snusical instrument at school. Some children are bored by music, and not all of them have musical talent. There is nothing special abour music; other subjects such as maths and science are more important. Not only that, bat musical instruments are expensive to hay. UNIT 14 Al The correct answer is b, Az foo! bush crazy about criticising snap 3 ‘He likes Rachel. He is a musician and wants a nice house and to travel. He is crazy about someone called! Malgosia, and says tha he didn't listen to Rachel properly. She is quiet and gentle, hse light brown hair and pretty brown eyes set in a pleasant face, and is easy to tall to, She likes the harraror a lot, probably. Bishas-eselatat ee © He is someone Malgosta isc c about, but Rachel doesn't like him. a 4 She is'really beautiful. She is crazy b about Tibor, but is probably norin ¢ love with te narrator - who thinks d she is more than his friend e Aa ¢ 2 ‘Can I say something?" Rachel a asked, nervously. b b ‘Tknow thet, you fool,’ she sai € d £ 8 h the outdoor life laughing at me, negotiable ‘Well, what?" I answered, applicant mech AS 4... to talk to (there was no problem hhaving a conversation with hee} salary WIM bb .. for you (that’s nor the girl you rate of pay should be with) ©. your time (nothing is going to hhappen however long you goon, c3 a Calling, b however hard you try) « d f g Salary/Rates of pay WLTM needed preferred applicant bbe good with 4... you think (your opinion is noe important to me) your business (I don't want you {0 have opinions about my events in my life) my affairs (don'e get involved with my private life) & «too far (Thad said too ‘much/spoken too strongly) Phrases d and Fare used ageressively. B b © pretty obvious prospect © judgement E cliché 8 common b share complicate dependent on fall into the trap 4 T F Tr T E E 7 F (You decidet)