name Ahswer ke ‘NA structure and Replication Aim #'s 37 & 38 1, Base your answer to the following question on the structure and location of a cellular component represented in the diagram below. Call Nucleus Polymer What does this polymer in the diagram most likely contain? A) ATP ‘@) DNA ©) enzymes D) lipids 2. A portion of a molecule is shown in the diagram 4, Base your answer to the following question on the below. diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents molecules involved in protein ASG synthesis, TF SHUSaSe Molecule 1 Nn Uy lal lFllcllaflalcl NAM A T jolecu RANE Al Which statement best describes the main function of Molecule 2 fttfallallalfal bt ll alte this type of molecule? ‘A) It isa structural part of the cell wall. B) It stores energy for metabolic processes. CODH determines what traits may be inherited. Molecule 3 Be-9A D) It transports materials across the cell membrane. Teen co ete es tne 3, The digram below represents an incomplete section | 3 on ; ofa DNA molecule, The boxes represent unidentified centriole meieus bases ©) cell wall ) lysosome 5. Which molecule has the shape of a double-stranded Ale «& helix? = Ff A) RNA(B)DNA ©) ADP D) ATP 6. Chromosomes can be described as When the boxes are filled in, what will the total A) large molecules that have only one function number of bases represented by the letter 4 (both B) folded chains of bonded glucose molecules inside and outside the boxes) be? C) reproductive cells composed of molecular bases A)I_B)2 Cy D) 4 Ory led strands of genetic materialDNA Structure and Replication 7. The diagram below represents a structure found in mast cells. The section labeled A in the diagram is most likely a A) protein composed of folded chains of base subunits B)_biological catalyst ©) part of a gene for a particular trait D) chromosome undergoing a mutation 8. The diagram below represents a section of a molecule that carries genetic information, A a ei H Efi < Hi The pattern of numbers represents @ sequence of paired bases ) the order of proteins in a gene C) folds of an amino acid D) positions of gene mutations 9. Ina portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T, Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene? A) A-C-G-T-A-A. B) A-C-G-U-U-A ODA-G-C-T-T-A D) U-G-C-A-A-U 10. A DNA nucleotide may contain A) deoxyribose, cytosine, and a lipid leoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group ©) ribose, uracil, and a polypeptide D) ribose, adenine, and thymine 11. What do the letters 4, G, C, and T represent in nucleotides? A) phosphate groups B) deoxyribose sugars nitrogenous bases ribose sugars 12, Which molecule is correctly paired with its building blocks? A) cellulose — polypeptides (38) DNA — nucleotides ') protein — monosaccharides D) fat— disaccharides 13. If 15% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, ‘what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C? Asfo A) 15% (B) 35% © 10% D) 85% 42-70% & 14, The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed below. A~adenine C-cytosine G— guanine T-thymine Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication? A) Guanine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine (@asenine pairs with thymine, Cytosine pairs with guanine ©) Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs with adenine D) Cytosine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine, 15, Which is the sugar component of a DNA nucleotide? C) glucose D) phosphate 16. The coded information of a DNA molecule is determined by the A) sequence of amino acids B) number of ribose units sequence of the nitrogenous bases D) sequence of the sugar-phosphate unitsDNA Structure and Replication 17. The parts of a DNA nucleotide are indicated in the chart below by letters 4, B, and C, An X indicates which chemical elements are present in each part, 20. Base your answer to the following question on the “help-wanted advertisements" below and on your knowledge of biology. DNA ‘curacy and Speed vital for this job in [Nucleotide Elements the field of translation. Applicants Parts (clolui[niP sobA | must demonstrate skills in A xTx X transporting end pesitioning amino ‘acids. Selary commensurate with a [x{x|x experience. co [x[x]x{x Executive Postion available, Must be able both to maintain genetic continuity through replication and Which diagram best represents a DNA nucleotide, 4B} 10 control cellular activity by A) D) B iy 18. Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of A) ATP molecules —_B) amino acids ©) sugars Dy ases 19. A characteristic ofa DNA molecule that is not characteristic of a protein molecule is that the DNA molecule @en replicate itself B) can be very large ) is found in cytoplasm D) is composed of subunits tion of enzyme production. Limited number of openings. All benefits, Which "applicant" would qualify for job B? (abna B) messenger RNA ©) transferRNA —-D) ADP Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the diagram below of a DNA molecule and on your knowledge of biology. Jaro VY STRAND X 21. Structure 3 represents a BY phosphate C) ribose sugar 22. The base sequence of strand X is B) A-C-G-T D) G-C-T-A B) deoxyribose sugar D) baseDNA Structure and Replication 4 23. The diagram below shows some of the steps in protein synthesis? Transfer to site ot protein synthesis. Unwinding! of DNA. Femina SIONS The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a A) carbohydrate. ((B) gene ©) ribosome y chromosome 24, The function of the coded instructions contained in the body cells of an organism is to ‘A) form a variety of gametes that will pass on hereditary information Ms the synthesis of proteins necessary for proper cell function C) synthesize different kinds of amino acids in a specific sequence D) produce the inorganic molecules needed for normal cell growth 25. Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, a chromosome a nucleus _Chromesdrme— fai, _ yen —“Name__//)SIVCH- Lie RNA and Protein Synthesis Aim #39 1. Which chemical components may be parts of a molecule of transfe¢RNA? (Cad ribose, phosphate group, uracil base B) deoxyribose, phosphate group, guanine base ©) glucose, amino group, thymine base D) maltose, carboxyl group, uracil base 2. A sequence of three nitragenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule is known as a CA) codon ©) polypeptide 3. Which statement best describes messenger RNA? B) gene D) nucleotide A) It transfers polypeptides to the nucleus. B) Itis chemically more complex than DNA. ©) Ithas one oxygen atom less than DNA. It is composed of a single strand of nucleotides. 4, Two types of RNA molecules are A) uracil and adenine B) messenger RNA and transfer RNA ©) cytosine and thymine D) transfer RNA and translocation RNA 5. Which nucleic acid carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? A) DNA, only (2B) Messenger RNA, only ©) Transfer RNA, only D) DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA 6. Which statement indicates one difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans? A) The gene for insulin is replicated in vacuoles, while the gene for testosterone is replicated in mitochondria. ‘The gene for insulin has a different sequence of ‘molecular bases than the gene for testosterone. ) The gene for insulin is turned on in liver cells, but the gene for testosterone is not. D) The gene for insulin is a sequence of five different molecular bases while the gene for testosterone is a sequence of only four different molecular bases. 7. The diagram below represents a portion of an organic molecule. This molecule controls cellular activity by directing the synthesis of minerals ‘D) proteins 8. DNA is able to control cellular activities most directly by regulating the process of A) carbohydrates ©) fats A) meiotic division (®)protein synthesis ©) active transport D) selective breeding 9. Base your answer to the following question on the chart below and on your knowledge of biology. ‘Messenger RNA (mRNA) Codes for Selected Amino Acids Amino Acid | (mRNA Code Leucine C-0-A Agginine C=G-A Phenylalanine U=U-U Valine G-U-U Lysine A-AWA Which amino acid will be carried to a ribosome by a transfer RNA molecule containing the triplet code A-A-A? you A) valine B) lysine ©) leucine nylalanineRNA and Protein Synthesis 10Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism? DNA base sequence B) [BNAbase sequence] i : om 9 DNA base sequence | D) DNA base sequence T Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the diagram below which represents a bioc! process that occurs in a cell and on your knowledge of biology protein AKA poiypephle— prbessrml 11. A change in the region labeled ¥ from U-C-G to U-G-C would most likely cause (a)the synthesis of a different polypeptide B) polyploidy the formation of recombinant DNA D) crossing-over 12. The organelle labeled Z represents a (a) Hibosome B) Golgibody —_C) mitochondrion D) nucleusRNA and Protein Synthesis 13. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology The diagram represents a step in protein synthesis RNA POLYMERASE DNA STRAND I DNA STRAND RNA Ifa sequence of nitrogenous bases on DNA strand I is C-C-T-A, the corresponding sequence on RNA yiill be A) A-T-C-G-G-A-T (_B)/A-U-C-G-G-A-U ©) T-A-G-C-C-T-A_D) U-T-C-G-G-U-T 14, Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents molecules involved in protein synthesis, FSM ASMA SSI Molecule 1 UU lalfFlfolfallalfol PAI lcl lal Molecule 2 = Coll ciara wall a = a Where do the chemical reactions that are coded for by molecule 2 take place? ot A) in the vacuole B) on the plasma membrane ) in the lysosome D))at ribosomes 15. Which statement best expresses the relationship between the three structures represented below? Pantofa protein molecule Part of a DNA molecule A) DNA is produced from protein absorbed by the cell. B) Protein is composed of DNA that is produced in the cell. CDNA controls the production of protein in the cell. D) Cells make DNA by digesting protein.RNA and Protein Synthesis 16, Base your answer to the following question on the chart below and on your knowledge of biology. Universal Genetic Code Chart zn Messenger RNA and the Amino Acids for Which They Code é x @ ay A ucu AU ei uGU u v als ucc sen | UAC uecf % |e wun} tev | YA VAAL cop uaa } stor |A uus ves ue ues} tap |& cw cou caw Lge) cou u ove coe cas cae c c eno | $42 y con (DD | om pom 1 foo pane fa} io) cus cca CAG Ge a aw ay m4 py | 980) ogg [Y AUC > ILE ACC AAC AGC c A THA ia + AUR en han san 3 ctor A} us an |G 4 ua } BEES | aco aa ww ecu oy ee | 6 u cue eco GAC esc c mn Aw y IS) cu )| eca oY ay | 208 oo la suc Gos GAG a ll in the missing mRNA bases and the amino acid sequence that corresponds to the DNA base sequence below. we DNA Cac of Samm = VG CAC CLG ACUName tisnter Ke J Mutations and Gene Expression Aim #'s 40 & 41 1, At warm temperatures, a certain bread mold can often be seen growing on bread as a dark-colored mass. The same bread mold growing on bread in a cooler environment is red in color. Which statement most accurately describes why this change in the color of the bread mold occurs? jene expression can be modified by interactions with the environment. B) Every organism has a different set of coded instructions, C) The DNA was altered in response to an environmental condition. D) There is no replication of genetic material in the cooler environment. 2. The cells that make up leaves on a tree are genetically identical, yet the leaves often have different shapes and sizes, as shown in the diagram below. Leaves of White Oak (Quercus alba) +¥¥ Top leaves Bottom leaves. ‘Which statement best explains this difference in leaf pearance? Cay Gee ‘Gunlighi)causing the genes in their cells to be owt Sepressed differently. B) The genes in the cells of leaves at the top of the tree are destroyed by sunlight, causing the leaves to stop growing C) The leaves near the bottom of the tree have more genes related to leaf size, causing them to grow larger D) The genes in the cells of leaves near the bottom of the tree increase in number, causing them to ‘grow even larger. yr x 3. When $. marcescens, a backer refrigerator, it produc 2a col However, ifthe bacterium is grwn (om temperature, the colonies best explanation for this situation is that n, is grown ina A) reftigeration changes the structure of genes, B) room temperature stimulates the synthesis of a red pigment ) temperature has an effect on the expression of genes D) only temperature is responsible for the expression of a trait 4. Which example illustrates the modification of a phenotype by an environmental factor? A) A homozygous gray squirrel is the same color as a heterozygous gray squirrel. B) Pink-flowering four-o'clocks that were allowed to self-pollinate produced offspring with red, pink, and white flowers, ((o)seeiings ‘germinated inf darkness ave white, but i ‘most of these seedlings turn green when placed elt) D) A person heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia has a higher-than-normal resistance to malaria. 5. The enzyme pepsin is produced in the cells of the stomach but ot in the cells of the small intestine. The small intestine produces a different enzyme, trypsin, ie Teason that the stomach and small intestine produce different enzymes is that the gene that codes for pepsin is A) in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of the small intestine expressed in the stomach but not expressed in ‘the small intestine C) mutated in the small intestine D) digested by the trypsin in the small intestine 6. A characteristic of mutations is that they usually A) are caused only by the events of mitosis, do not occur at random result in different genetic sequences D) occur to meet the needs of a speciesMutations and Gene Expression 7. In the early 1900s, experiments were conducted on two caterpillar species. The members of the two species were each divided into two groups. One group of each species was placed under red light, while the other group of each species was kept in the dark. When the caterpillars developed into butterflies, their wings showed extreme color differences. Exposure to red light resulted in intensely colored wings, while those kept in the dark had paler wing colors. The color differences were most likely due to A) mutations in the color-producing genes B) the caterpillars in the red light producing more DNA gene expression being affected by the environment ) the caterpillars in the dark evolving less than those in the light 8. The information in the graph below was obtained from fruit flies that were all homozygous recessive for shriveled wings. What is the best interpretation of the observed results? Length of Wing (mm) S885 8 21 25 29 33 37 Temperature (°C) A) Higher temperatures always produce longer _ wings. B) The environment affects gene expression. Lower temperatures produce larger wings. D) Environmental change always produces recessive genes. 9. One disadvantage of a genetic mutation in a human skin cell is that it \may result in the production of a defective protein B) may alter the sequence of simp] insulin molecules ©) can lead to a lower mutation rate in the off-spring of the human D) can alter the rate of all the metabolic processes in the human ‘agars in 10A strand of DNA in a skin cell contains the bases: A-T-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A After the cell is exposed to ultraviolet light, the strand contains the bases: ACT-G-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A Which statement describes the result of this exposure? @» new base has been inserted B) A base has been deleted. ©) One base has been substituted for another. D) There have been no changes in the bases. 11. A mutation occurs in a cell. Which sequence best represents the correct order of the events involved for this mutation to affect the traits expressed by this 11? (. change in the sequence of DNA bases —> joining amino acids in sequence appearance of characteristic B) joining amino acids in sequence + a change in the sequence of DNA bases appearance of characteristic C) appearance of characteristic > joining amino acids in sequence —+ a change in the sequence of DNA bases D) a change in the sequence of DNA bases > appearance of characteristic -+ joining amino acids in sequenceMutations and Gene Expression 12, Molecule 1 represents a segment of hereditary information, and molecule 2 represents the portion of a molecule that is determined by information, from molecule 1 TASS SAA Age Molecule 1 An E fi lalla al lal al F141 FF fal fa Dur lato] Molecule 2 Piorern ‘What will most likely happen if there is a change in the first three subunits on the upper strand of molecule 1? A) The remaining subunits in molecule 1 will also change. ‘A portion of molecule 2 may be different. ©) Molecule 1 will split apart, triggering an immune response. D) Molecule 2 may form two strands rather than one. 13, An alteration of genetic information is shown below. AGTACOG-AT + A-G-T-G-AT J This type of alteration of the genetic information is an example of deletion B) insertion substitution) recombination 14. The diagram below represents a segment of a gene on two chromosomes. Normalgene | A|T|A]clo[T Mutated gene/ A | T(\@ |)c|c]T The change in the gene sequence is an example of A) an insertion B) a deletion asubstitution ——_D) a replicationMutations and Gene Expression 15. The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a gene, The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequence Replication Atco catctt At ~ ATCGCATCTTAT a) 6789 (Js 10 11 1213 This alterations is most likely the result of A) a substitution at base 2 2B).2 deletion of base 2 C) an insertion of base 3 1D) aUeletion of base 4 Base your answers to questions 16 through 18 on the table below, which represents the DNA codes for several amino acids. ‘Amino Acid DNA Code Sequence Cysteine Cacwerace Tryptophan ACC Valine CAA or CAC or CAG or CAT CProine > GGA or G66 o(G66)orGar ) ‘Asparagine TTA orTTG Methionine TAC 16. The original DNA sequence undergoes the following change: TACACACAAA\ 6605 ~TACACACAAACGGST) State one reason this mutation produces no change in the action of the final molecule that will be synthesized from this code. AGG and GT voth cod fo proline 17. The DNA sequence undergoes the following change: TAQACACAAACGGGG > TACKCECAAACGGGG How would the sequence of amino acids be changed as a result of this mutation? c ysteine 3-1 wpe phar 18. A certain DNA strand has the base sequence: [TAQACACAA|ACGGGG. In the space provided below, write the sequence of amino acids synthesized from this code if it is read from left to right. Methuonive ~Cysteine- Valine Custer nse rm (110