12 DNA & RNA Review WS

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?

a. substitution b. inversion c. insertion d. deletion

mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
Genetic Code:

____ 2. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the
mRNA strand was made?
a. AGACCTGTAGGA b. GAGTTCACGAAG c. CUCAAGUGCUUC d. GAGUUCACGAAG

____ 3. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following is the series of amino acids encoded by the piece of
mRNA shown above?
a. Val—Asp—Pro—His b. Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe c. Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly d. Pro—Glu—Leu—Val

____ 4. Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA in the diagram are
a. GAG—TTC—ACG—AAG. b. GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG. c. CUC—GAA—CGU—CUU. d. CUU
—CGU—GAA—CUC.

____ 5. Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
a. RNA molecule. b. uracil molecule. c. DNA molecule. d. transposon.

____ 6. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a
portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
a. AAGTATC. b. CCTAGCT. c. GGATCGA. d. TTGCATG.

____ 7. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a. 3 b. 12 c. 9 d. 6
____ 8. What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live
harmless bacteria into mice?
a. The harmless bacteria died. b. The mice were unaffected. c. The mice developed pneumonia. d. The
disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria.

____ 9. RNA contains the sugar

a. ribose. b. glucose. c. deoxyribose. d. lactose.

____ 10. Suppose that you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids:
tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the table
below to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide sequence.

mRNA Amino acid

UAU, UAC tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG proline
GAU, GAC aspartic acid
AUU, AUC, AUA isoleucine
UGU, UGC cysteine

a. ATGGGTCTATATACG b. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG c. ATTGGGCTTTAAACA

d. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA

____ 11. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

a. ribose + phosphate group + uracil b. ribose + phosphate group + thymine c. deoxyribose + phosphate
group + uracil d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

____ 12. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

a. each with two new strands. b. each with two original strands. c. one with two new strands and the other
with two original strands. d. each with one new strand and one original strand.

____ 13. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
a. AGCTTG. b. GATCCA. c. GAUCCA. d. TCGAAC.

____ 14. In eukaryotes, DNA

a. is circular. b. is located in the nucleus. c. is located in the ribosomes. d. floats freely in the cytoplasm.

____ 15. Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

a. phosphate b. nitrogenous base c. ribose d. deoxyribose

____ 16. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

a. monosaccharides. b. amino acids. c. fatty acids. d. nucleotides.

____ 17. Gene regulation in eukaryotes

a. usually involves operons. b. includes the action of an operator region. c. is simpler than in prokaryotes.
d. allows for cell specialization.

____ 18. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)
a. codon. b. mutagen. c. exon. d. anticodon.
____ 19. The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are
a. nucleotidases. b. helicases. c. replicases. d. DNA polymerases.

____ 20. DNA is copied during a process called

a. translation. b. replication. c. transcription. d. transformation.

____ 21. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the
a. anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached only. b. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon
on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached. c. codon on the mRNA only. d. anticodon on the mRNA
only.

____ 22. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?
a. Some codons do not specify an amino acid. b. Some codons have the same sequence of nucleotides.
c. The codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine and serves as the “start” codon for protein synthesis.
d. There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids.

____ 23. The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which Frederick Griffith studied, is called
a. genetic transfer. b. recombination. c. transduction. d. transformation.

____ 24. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a(an)
a. inversion. b. translocation. c. chromosomal mutation. d. point mutation.

____ 25. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?

a. transfer RNA only b. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA c. ribosomal RNA and transfer
RNA only d. messenger RNA only

____ 26. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
a. rRNA b. RNA polymerase c. tRNA d. mRNA

____ 27. Which of the following are copied from DNA?

a. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA b. proteins c. mRNA only d. mRNA and tRNA only

____ 28. ATTG : TAAC ::

a. TCGG : AGAT b. CGAA : TGCG c. GTCC : CAGG d. AAAT : TTTG

____ 29. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

a. uracil. b. adenine. c. phosphate groups. d. thymine.

____ 30. Chargaff’s rules, the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA
a. the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. b. the amount of adenine equals the amount of
thymine. c. the amount of guanine equals the amount of thymine. d. Both a and b

____ 31. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of

a. purines in DNA is much greater than the percentage of pyrimidines. b. cytosine molecules in DNA is
much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules. c. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the
percentage of guanine molecules. d. pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines.

____ 32. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed

a. inside the nucleus. b. that is identical to part of a single strand of DNA. c. that is complementary to both
strands of DNA. d. that is double-stranded.
____ 33.

Refer to the illustration above. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)
a. nucleotide. b. pyrimidine. c. polysaccharide. d. amino acid.

____ 34. The primary function of DNA is to

a. control chemical processes within cells. b. store and transmit genetic information. c. make proteins.
d. prevent mutations.

____ 35. A nucleotide consists of

a. a sugar, an amino acid, and starch. b. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. c. a sugar, a
protein, and adenine. d. a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

____ 36. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine b. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine c. deoxyribose,
phosphate groups, and guanine d. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine

____ 37. What happens during the process of translation?

a. Copies of DNA molecules are made. b. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce
proteins. c. Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA. d. Messenger RNA is made from DNA.

____ 38. What is produced during transcription?

a. RNA molecules b. RNA polymerase c. proteins d. DNA molecules

____ 39. Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by

a. carbohydrates. b. DNA. c. proteins. d. RNA.

____ 40. How many main types of RNA are there?

a. hundreds b. 1 c. 3 d. thousands

____ 41. The function of tRNA is to

a. synthesize mRNA. b. synthesize DNA. c. transfer amino acids to ribosomes. d. form ribosomes.

____ 42. A promoter is a

a. binding site for DNA polymerase. b. binding site for RNA polymerase. c. start signal for transcription.
d. stop signal for transcription.

____ 43. The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the
 a. phosphate group. b. sugar. c. nitrogenous base. d. None of the above; DNA is not named after part of
the molecule.

____ 44. Purines and pyrimidines are

a. bases found in amino acids. b. molecules that can replace phosphate groups from defective DNA.
c. names of specific types of DNA molecules. d. bases found in nucleotides.

____ 45. Which of the following is not found in DNA?

a. adenine b. cytosine c. uracil d. None of the above

____ 46. During transcription,

a. proteins are synthesized. b. DNA is replicated. c. RNA is produced. d. translation occurs.

____ 47. During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a
growing protein chain when
a. the ribosomal RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codon. b. the transfer RNA anticodon
is paired up with the messenger RNA codon. c. a “stop” codon is encountered. d. the protein chain sends a
signal through the nerve cells to the brain.

Short Answer

48. If the percentage of guanine in the DNA of a certain species decreased by 5 percent over time, what would
you expect to have happened to the percentage of adenine in that DNA?

49. What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?

Figure 12–2

50. According to Figure 12–2, what codons specify the amino acid arginine?
 51. During DNA replication, what two processes must occur before the two strands of a DNA molecule can
separate?

Other

52. Match the letter on the diagram to the term below. Each letter is used once. (4pts)

____Okazaki fragment ____leading strand ____lagging strand ____replication fork

Essay

53. Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.

54. The DNA molecule is described as a double helix. Explain this expression and describe the general structure
of a DNA molecule. Also describe the bonding in a DNA molecule. Write your answer in the space below.

55. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

Problem
 Figure 12–2

56. For the following sequence, fill in the mRNA sequence, the tRNA anticodons, and the amino acid
sequences that have been left blank. If several sequences might work choose any one. (3pts)

DNA: G G C T AT AT C C T G C G C T AT AC G C T A

mRNA:

tRNA:

AA:

57. For each of the three DNA sequences below, write the sequence of the complentary strand of DNA that results
after replication.

DNA molecule #1: TACCGGATGCCAGATCAAATC

DNA molecule #2: TACGGGGGCGTAACCACAACT

 DNA molecule #3: TACCTGTTAAGCTACAAAATT
12 DNA & RNA Review WS
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 307

OBJ: 12.4.1 STA: B.11-12.C | B.9-10.C
2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-4.1
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-4.4
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-4.5
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-4.1
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-3.3
STA: LS.4
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 302
OBJ: 12.3.4
8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 288
OBJ: 12.1.1 STA: B.11-12.C
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 300
OBJ: 12.3.1 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 10-4.1
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
11. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 291
OBJ: 12.1.2 STA: B.11-12.C
12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 299
OBJ: 12.2.2 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 299
OBJ: 12.2.2 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 295
OBJ: 12.2.1 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.2
STA: LS.6
16. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.1
STA: LS.27
17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 311
OBJ: 12.5.3
18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-4.4
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-3.2
STA: LS.4
20. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 297
OBJ: 12.2.2 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 304 | p. 305
OBJ: 12.3.5
22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 303
OBJ: 12.3.4
23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-1.1
STA: LS.27
24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 307
OBJ: 12.4.1 STA: B.11-12.C | B.9-10.C
25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 300 | p. 301
OBJ: 12.3.2 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 306
OBJ: 12.3.6
27. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 301
OBJ: 12.3.2
28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-2.4
STA: LS.6
29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 300
OBJ: 12.3.1 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
30. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.4
STA: LS.6
31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 294
OBJ: 12.1.2 STA: B.11-12.C
32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 301
OBJ: 12.3.3
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.2
STA: LS.6
34. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-2.4
STA: LS.6
35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.2
STA: LS.6
36. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 300
OBJ: 12.3.1 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
37. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 304
OBJ: 12.3.5
38. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 301
OBJ: 12.3.3
39. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 289
OBJ: 12.1.1 STA: B.11-12.C
40. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 300
OBJ: 12.3.2 STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-4.5
STA: LS.3 | LS.5
42. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 309
OBJ: 12.5.1 STA: B.11-12.C | B.9-10.C
43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.2
STA: LS.6
44. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.2
STA: LS.6
45. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-2.2
STA: LS.6
46. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-4.3
 STA: LS.3 | LS.5
47. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 10-4.5
STA: LS.3 | LS.5

SHORT ANSWER

48. ANS:
The percentage of adenine would have increased by about 5 percent.

PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: p. 294 OBJ: 12.1.2

STA: B.11-12.C
49. ANS:
A ribose molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide.

PTS: 1 DIF: B REF: p. 300 OBJ: 12.3.1

STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C
50. ANS:
AGG, AGA, CGA, CGC, CGU, and CGG specify arginine.

PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 303 OBJ: 12.3.4

51. ANS:
The hydrogen bonds between the base pairs must be broken, and the molecule must unwind.

PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 299 OBJ: 12.2.2

STA: B.9-10.C | B.11-12.C

OTHER

52. ANS:
b c d a

PTS: 1

ESSAY

53. ANS:
Messenger RNA carries copies of instructions for assembling proteins from DNA to the ribosomes.
Ribosomal RNA is a component of the ribosomes. Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes for
assembly into proteins.

PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 301 OBJ: 12.3.2

54. ANS:
DNA molecules are composed of two complementary strands of nucleotides arranged in a structure
resembling a spiral staircase. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of
four possible bases. The nucleotides are connected to each other by covalent bonds between the sugar of one
nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. The double helix arrangement is maintained by the
formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
 PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 10-2.3 STA: LS.6
55. ANS:
A DNA molecule has the shape of a double helix, or that of a twisted ladder. Each strand of the helix is a
chain of nucleotides. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases of
the nucleotides on opposite strands. The nitrogenous bases form hydrogen bonds with one another in pairs.
Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine, and guanine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

PTS: 1 DIF: A REF: p. 291 | p. 292 | p. 294

OBJ: 12.1.2 STA: B.11-12.C

PROBLEM

56. ANS:
DNA: G G C T AT AT C C T G C G C T AT AC G C T A

mRNA: ccg aua uag gac gcg aua ugc gau

tRNA: ggc uau auc cug cgc uau acg cua

AA:

PTS: 1
57. ANS:
ATGGCCTACGGTCTAGTTTAG

ATGCCCCCGCATTGGTGTTGA

ATGGACAATTCGATGTTTTAA

PTS: 1