The pH scale is limited on the low end by the highest concentration (activity) of [H+] in

solution. On a practical level this is something like 20M or pH=-log[H+]=log[20]=-1.3. The

upper end of the pH scale is limited by the lowest concentration (activity) of [H+] in
solution. In aqueous solution the autoionization of water limits this value according to
14=pOH+pH. For example the solubility of sodium hydroxide in water is about 111g/100mL
or about 27M. pOH=-1.4 so pH=15.4. Note that the pH of non-aqueous solutions can exceed
the -1.3–15.4 range I illustrated. On a practical level it is not straightforward to measure a
pH outside the 1-13 range. Certainly a standard pH electrode will not be accurate.