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C
Islamic Law — Divorve — Ta’liq — Desertion and failure to provide
maintenance for continuous four months — Whether ta’liq violated — Whether
established — Whether justifies divorce — Islamic Family Law (State of Pulau
Pinang) Enactment 1996, s 45
D
The plaintiff and defendant was husband and wife who had solemnised their
marriage on 24 December 2009. The plaintiff ’s complaint against the
defendant was for the violation of ta’liq prescribed in the marriage certificate
and uttered by the defendant on 24 December 2009 namely, that the
E defendant had deserted the plaintiff for more than four months since July 2010
and had continued since the filing of this application on 28 September 2011.
Further, during the aforesaid period, the defendant had failed to provide her
with maintenance. This is considered as a complaint to the Syarie judge. The
defendant had neither filed any defence nor appeared before this court without
F any valid reasons and thus, the case was heard ex parte. The issues before this
court was as follows: (a) whether the parties were lawfully married; (b) if so,
whether the ta’liq was uttered by the defendant; (c) if established, whether there
had been violation of the ta’liq and complaint lodged with the Syarie judge.
G Held:
(1) Upon considering the plaintiff ’s evidence which was verified by two
witnesses who were also her parents and the documentary evidence, this
court is satisfied that the parties were legally married on 24 December
H 2009, the said marriage was accordingly registered and a marriage
certificate issued. Hence, the requirement of s 45 of the Islamic Family
Law (State of Pulau Pinang) Enactment 1996 (‘Enactment’) for this
court to grant a divorce was established (see para 9(a)).
(2) Based on the ta’liq in the marriage certificate, the court established that
I the said ta’liq was uttered by the defendant on 24 December 2009.
Further, the ta’liq had been violated when the defendant deserted the
plaintiff for more than four months since July 2010 and had continued
till to date and thus, the application considered as a complaint to the
Syarie judge (see para 9 (c)).
2 Shariah Law Reports [2015] 4 ShLR
(3) Failure of the defendant to file a defence and further, his refusal to attend A
the proceeding without any valid reasons is considered qarinah to
support the plaintiff ’s claim. Based on the facts of this case, all the
elements of ta’liq had been established. As the case was heard ex parte and
to avoid any doubt, the plaintiff was asked to take the oath of istidzhar
(sumpah al-istidzhar) pursuant to s 121(2) of the Enactment and B
thereupon this court affirmed that the defendant had deserted the
plaintiff for more than four months and also failed to provide her with
maintenance during the aforesaid period. In light of the above, the
plaintiff ’s claim is established pursuant to ss 72 and 73(1) of the Syariah
Court Evidence (State of Pulau Pinang) Enactment (see paras 11–13). C
F Legislation referred to
Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Pulau Pinang) 1996 ss 4,
45, 48, 50(1), 72, 73(1), (2), 121(2)
Enakmen Tatacara Mahkamah Syariah (Negeri Pulau Pinang) 1996 ss 4
Enakmen Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah(Negeri Pulau Pinang) 1996 ss 4
G
Books referred to
Mughni al-Muhtaj, Juzu 4, p 407
Al-Akhyar
Al-Sharkawi Ala Tahrir
H I’anat At-Talibin, Juzu 4, p 22
Al-Fiqh Al-Islami Wa Adillatuh, Juzu 9, pp 6972
I PENGHAKIMAN RINGKAS
[1] Kes didengar dan diputuskan di bawah s 50(1) dan (2) EUUKI setelah
mahkamah berpuas hati ianya telah memenuhi kehendak ss 4 dan ss 45
EUUKI (Bidang kuasa). Kes ini juga telah dibenarkan dibicarakan secara
4 Shariah Law Reports [2015] 4 ShLR
sebelah pihak sahaja setelah mahkamah turut berpuas hati bahawa defendan A
telah gagal hadir setelah penyampaian saman disempurnakan secara gantian
pada 31 Mei 2012 mengikut kehendak s 48 ETTM setelah penyampaian
kendiri menurut s 41 gagal disempurnakan berdasarkan afidavit yang
diikrarkan pada 2 November 2011. Dalam meneruskan prosiding secara
sebelah pihak ini mahkamah merujuk kepada kitab Mughni al-Muhtaj, juzu’ B
ke-4, ms 407 antara lain ada menyebut:
Penghakiman keatas yang ghaib itu adalah diharuskan jika ada bagi yang mendakwa
dapat mengemukakan keterangan dan dakwaan itu keatas yang ghaib itu boleh
disangkal atau boleh dibantah, jika berkata yang kena dakwa mengakui tidak boleh C
dengannya baiyinah, tetapi jika diitlakkan maka yang asalnya baiyinah itu boleh
didengar dan tidak perlu hakim melihat orang yang membela yang ghaib atau
mengingkari dakwaan itu dan wajib bagi hakim memerintahkan sumpah
[2] Dari sudut syarak terdapat beberapa nas yang jelas tentang keharusan D
bertaklik sebagaimana berikut:
Hadis Rasulullah SAW iaitu:
Maksudnya:
Orang Islam terikat kepada syarat-syarat mereka yang mana berlaku banyak E
perkara itu (membuat syarat) di zaman Nabi S.A.W dan zaman sahabatnya
termasuklah berkenaan dengan talak ta’liq ini seperti mana yang diriwayatkan
oleh Imam Bukhari, Abdullah bin Umar berkata:‘telah membuat syarat ta’liq
oleh seorang lelaki akan isterinya jika sekiranya ia keluar. Berkata Ibn Umar’:
sekiranya perempuan itu keluar maka jatuhlah talak dan jika tidak keluar maka
F
tidak ada apa-apa
A syarat dan tidak dibenarkan menarikbalik sebelum kejadian perkara itu dan
perceraian itu akan terjadi apabila apa yang disyaratkan itu terjadi
[6] Dari segi hukum syarak, ta’liq diharuskan sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam
kitab I’anah al-Talibin, juzu’ 4, ms 22 yang berbunyi:
B
Maksudnya:
Harus berta’liq dengan talaq
A [13] Setelah sumpah dilafazkan maka tiada lagi keraguan di sisi mahkamah
untuk mensabitkan bahawa D telah meninggalkan dan gagal menunaikan
nafkah terhadap D melebihi empat bulan hijriah. Berdasarkan keterangan yang
ada ini juga mahkamah berpuas hati bahawa P telah berjaya membuktikan
dakwaannya selaras dengan kehendak ss 72, 73(1) dan (2) EKS.
B
[14] Berasaskan alasan-alasan di atas, maka diperintahkan:
(a) bahawa mahkamah mensabitkan tuntutan perceraian ta’liq antara
Norhafizah bt Abdul Razak dengan Mohd Shahrezuan bin Mohd
C Shahaharel mulai hari ini 10 Januari 2013;
(b) bahawa mulai hari ini tertalaklah Norhafizah bt Abdul Razak dengan
Mohd Shahrezuan bin Mohd Shahaharel dengan talaq satu;
(c) bahawa pembubaran perkahwinan ini didaftarkan di Pejabat Agama
D Daerah Timur Laut; dan
(d) bahawa surat perakuan nikah bil 76819 bil 786/TL/B12 tahun 2009
yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Agama Islam Negeri Pulau Pinang
dibatalkan.
E Order accordingly.