INTRODUTION

Process theories
Process theories of motivation concentrate on the process by which individuals are motivated, and the strength of that
motivation. In other words, the key question is: ‘how are people motivated?’
It is argued that individuals are motivated differently, and the strength of their motivation depends on a variety of factors, such
as:
 needs
 personality
 perceptions about whether more effort will result in achieving goals
 the rewards
 expectations about whether the rewards for achieving the goals will actually meet the individual’s needs.
Rewards and perceptions of rewards are usually a key factor in process theory.
Examples of process theory include:
 Vroom’s expectancy model
 Handy’s motivational calculus.