‘Sarhad University International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2013 Performance Comparison in terms of energy Efficiency of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Ns2 Electrical Engineering Department NWEP Uni sity of Engines 1g and Technology, Peshawar ,Pakistan ilyas@cecos.edu.pk Engineer Asif Lecturer Electrical Engineering Department CECOS University of IT and Emerging Science, Peshawar Pakistan ‘masif@eecos.edu.pk Engineer Ibrarullal Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering Department CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences Phase 6 Peshawar eampus Pakistan ibran@cecos.cdu.pk ABSTRACT Automatic monitoring and man-less control systems are requirement in many applications that facilitate life in various areas. The systems require a carefully designed system of connected electromechanical devices. Mostly the connected electronic devices are sensors, controllers wit integrated signal processing devices and a wireless interface. The Wireless Sensor Network is often used in far located regions and hard to access terrains. These regions often have less avatiabitiey of man power and resources and requirement of lengthy operational periods. Routing is one of the main tasks in a Wireless Sensor Network. A good routing protocol improves performance of the network significanily. Mainly, better energy utilization efficiency describes a routing protocol performance efficiency. Several protocols exist that perform energy efficient routing. In this paper, classification of energy aware routing protocols is discussed. Total transmitted power is used 10 analyze a routing protocol for energy efficiency. The lesser network energy usage in routing network traffic, more the routing protocol is energy efficient. the total rrausouimed energy 1s calculated by adding transmitted power by all sensor nodes in network. Four (04) different protocols are checked for performance by using various sizes of rneboork.'Nrlsensorsint-2.26 or 'sensorsim’, an extension Of Network Simulator-2 is used to prepare testbeds (sensor networks of various sizes) fo perform virtual experiments (simulations) for analysis. The observations are tabulated in the end, Based on the table observations, the protocols are classified as energy efficient or inefficient. The classification helps to outline a new energy efficient protocol, The new protocol can also be tested for energy ‘efficiency. But frstit should be ns2 supported protocol. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Network Node Energy, nrisensor-sim, network simulator-2, network SUNBAS nergy, Quality of Service (QoS) I, INTRODUCTION To observe, different sensor networks, each with unique configuration are considered in Network Simulator-2. The network is classified either large or small, Based on mobility of ‘sink’ node, each small or large network is further split into wo (02) subtypes. This forms four (04) different type of networks, The large network consists of one hundred eleven (111) or tour hundred (400) sensor nodes, ten (10) plieuwut nodes and one (01) data collection nodes. The small network ‘consists of rwenty (20) sensor nodes, twenty (20) phenomenon ‘nodes and one (01) data collection node. A large network is, again divided into two (02) types that are: large network with, mobility and without mobility. Similarly small network is classified into two (02) types that is; small network with sink node mobility and withoutmobility Ns2 supports three (03) radio propagation models for ‘wireless channel simulation. These are ‘free space mode!’, ‘two-ray ground model’ and ‘shadowing model. In ns-2, the el seripts for simulation uses, 'TwoRayGround — radio- propagstion model With reference to Open System Interconnect (OSI) ‘model, the layered architecture for Wireless Sensor Network, is viewed in five (05) layers. The application layer clarifies the type of application for which the sensor network is working for. At network layer, one of the basic functionality, the ‘routing’ is carried outby a specific routing protocol. Protocols, at Medium Access Control (MAC), provide the basic functionality of wirelessly transmitting information signal across the adhoc network. MAC/802.11 is the only protoc thatis supported by ns-2. There ean be TEEE/802.15 or ZigBee for low-power wireless networks and recommendation of Wireless Herz. This will require addition ofthese protocols at MAC level. The implementation of a new protocol in ns2 is required when the protocol does not exist in pool of available atSarhad University Intemational Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Vol. 1, No. 4, April 2013 supported protocols. Section two (3.2) in the same chapter of this document, in detail outlines a procedure to add @ new protocol LL. USE OF NETWORK SIMULATOR (VERSION ‘The use of simulators for evaluation is popular. Followin ‘vo (02) main reasons for its wide acceptability (a) tcan be used to validate complicated algorithmic logic for a network, realtime networks are not cost effective as testbed for experimentation. If compared, simulator softwares, offer nicer platform, (b) Last but not the least, it allows the designers to produce results of their own choice. Following is an example. If an alteration isrequired in anewly implemented protocol. then in realtimeneowork.the entire network hierarchy need not be changed, In simulation, only the ‘cpp’ ocheader'iles need to be changed of the particular protocol 111, OBSERVED PROTOCOLS: In most observed sensor networks with Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynami Source Routing (DSR), Destination Sequeace Distaue Veer (DSDV) routing sharply improves energy efficiency by introducing mobility to sink nodes. See following table for observed protocols for energy efficiency. Optimized Link State Roating (OLSR) protocol is exception wo 1S, ray efficiency in terms of difference of total power consumed by network with and without sink mobility. These are six (06) different networks with four (04) routing protocols a AODV OLS DSH DSN Table displays percentage efficien consumed ene yin terms of total from table for the considered networks. The energy efficieny in percentage is ealeulated usin ‘mathematical relation: 42 Let the following variables be defined first that are used as parameters in the above equation: Percentage Effieciency: Achievable Efficiency by a sensor network with @ particular routing protocol (AODV, DSDV, DSR and OLSR in present case) Power!: Total Transmitted Power (in miliwans) by a sensor network with siak mobility Power?: Total Transmitted Power (in mili watts) by a sensor network withoutsink mobility IV. COMPARISON IN TERMS OF NETWORK. ENERGY UTILIZATION: From the tables, its inferred that a sensor network show very ‘good performance when 10. Tic emailer in size Smaller ein gi Percentage Flecten Ae sices fret ‘Powerd= 10) 2) And at network layer, it uses Adhoe On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. £3) The datacollecting node that isa'sink’ node is mobile, 4) Ns2 simulations verify that AODV works with 56.48 percentmore efficiency in erms of network energy utilization, It is also shown in previously shown table. This is a very significant increase in performance. From the analysis, Optimized Link Stare Routing (OLSR) at network layer as routing protocol is recommended for networks with cmall cize networks. The used ‘small’ size ‘network foranalysis purpose inthis simulation is described as: i) Ithas'NO' sinknode mobility. ii) Ithas total one hundred eleven (111) nades. iii) "NRLOLSR’ routing protocol is used for the purpose, ‘NRL’ in 'NRLOLSR' stands for Naval Research Laboratory, USA. Looking at performance of Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols in sensor networks, the simulation shows that this protocol works similar in all type of sensor nctworks. Last protocol checked for efficiency is the Destination Source Distance Vector (DSDV). With increase inefficiency by 21.26 percent. This is a significant improvement in performance. Following are points worthy to note for a sensor network that works well when DSDV isusedas routing protocol, 1) The sensor network is of ‘smaller’ size, In this thesis, considered total number of nodes in a'smaller' networks forty seven (47), lt) This network has moblle sink nodes)Sathad University International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Vol 1, No. 1, April 2013, FUTURE WORK confidence level. Therefore, itis alsa recommended that more confirmed analysis can be achieved if all the three (03) modes are considered while calculating the dissipated power for finding the performance efficiency in terms of overall network ‘energy utilization. The three (03) modes are; | will suggest communication systems and networks as @ research area, Ithas attracted large number of researchers ‘and it is still worthy to be adapted, Specifically, the wireless adhoc networks have brought Transmitting many improvements 10 the current technological tends i) Receiving [10] Routing protocols are center of any communication if) Sieep network wired or wireless. Ifthe suggested improvements are in form of a new routing protocol. then it needs a validation REFERENCES system Network Simulator2, new version3, opnet and similar other simulators are good validation systems. For such validations, network simulator-2 power needs to be expanded. It can be dione by aiding its existing pool of supported protocols. Trying theiiee cuylope se. scripting skillsin + as wellasPythonalong with OTCL will [3] G. Di Care, F Ducatelle, and L. M, Gambarde surely help to explore plenty of undiscovered algorithms thet Atiethge Aa este Gee pote ate Be Sees ceepis Ses ce fo ie rein Se routing in mobile ad hoc networks. In Pro-ceedings of Recommendation-1: Network Simulator 2 sensorsim utility Eisbpetit Tiansnctloas ap Teleceanninieations (7D ic very suitable to survey existing protocale for Wireless [if Spent tictue' on melt Orgatictaon la ptabe dtee [1] Dynamic souree routing fom wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, [2] Optimized tink state routing protocol ols from wi Sensor Networks. With more than one type of activity ‘working, Istituto Dalle Molle sullIntelli-genza Antciale (chemicals, Carbon Dioxide is used in this case forall (QDSIA) Galleria 2 CH-6928 Manno-Lugano sensor networks) with realtime environments the above Switzerland, 2008. mentioned analysis can be confimed, Please see articles and [5] Engineer Ilyas. Performance comaprison of energy aware routing protocals in wireless sensor networks, 2012. [6] Imad Jawhar, Zouheir Trabelsi, and Jameela Al-Jaroodi. Towards more reli-able source routing in wireless networks. In Proceedings of International Confer-ence on Networking, Architecture, and Storage on Date of Conference: 20-22 July 2011, College of Information Teclisuology United Arab ss University AD Ain UAE. June 2008. [7] Harish Kumar. Simulation analysis of optimized link state routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. In Proceed ings of the Emerging Trends in Net-works and Computer Communications (ETNCC) 2011 International Confer- pages 192-194, UIET Panjab Uni-versity Chandigarh, April 2011. [7] M.Dhivya, Ashok Kumar Pomuru, and M,Sundarambal Energy efficient raut-ing protocol for wireless sensor net- ‘works. In Proceedings of Process Automation Controland conline website link, refrenced by number [9] The phenomenon can be sound of vehicles, seismic activity ‘and similar others. Itis recommended to try the various sensor networks for deferent phenomenon. It can be done using'elscript.This seript is used to configure a sensor network envizonment{101 Recommendation-2: Ja this attempt, si cover real time experimentation. One factor forth ‘time’ It consumes more time to deplay a re network as testbed. Its very interesting to try the analy real time and therefore, highly recommended. Scientists and researchers, involved in enhancing agriculture products immensely take advantage of sensing deviees. Using these devices they dltails in the early chapters (chapter-1) of my MSc thesis (that is implementation of a new routing protocol in real time wireless censornetwork) Recommendation-3: Without suggesting inclusion of new Cony (PAC) 2011 International Conference network. simulator research in area of pages 1-5, Department Electrical and Electronics wireless networks, hybrid networks involving satellite and Engineering Anna Univer-sity of Technology Coimbatore local area networks, the attempt is not Complete.Ns? Coim-batore 641047, July 2011. compatible ns3 can persuade newcomers as well as expert [8] Osawa T. Inagaki T, and Ishihara S. Im-plementation of developers in this area to encourage new trends hicrarchicsl gaf.Jun2008, Recommendation-4: Its important to mention that sensor [2] _Ton_Downard, Simulating Sensor Networks in Ns- networks performance in terms of enen ‘Navy Ressienl lorry o hecked sins anlvypqwer diss Overlook Ave Washington DC, 20375-5337. march 2003 is accomplishe (19) Zhaoand Leonidas Guibas. Wireless Sensor BLO ee Nenworks. An Information Processing Approach The eeu Si an Eat eae aie a Morgan Kaufinann Series in Networking. Series Edition include ts will be more confirmed with increased David Clark MIL efficiency is SUUIBAS 43