REDOox REACTION Ixidation Number: {tis the charge (real or imaginary) which an atom appears to have when it is in combination. It may be a whole no. or fractional, An element may have different values of oxidation number depending ‘on nature of compound in which it is present, (i) Oxidation number of free elements or atoms is zero. (ii) Oxidation number of allotropes is zero. (iii) Oxidation number of mono-atomic ions is equal to the algebric charge on them. (iv) Oxidation number of alkali metals in their compounds + 1. (v) Oxidation number of alkaline earth metals in their compounds is + 2. (vi) The sum of oxidation number of all the atoms in a molecule should be zero and in an ion equal to its charge. alculation of Individual Oxidation Number It is important to note that to calculate individual oxidation number of the element in its compound one should know the structure of the compound and use the following guide line. Formula Oxidation Number = number of electrons in the valence shell— number of electrons left after bonding. Guide Line It is based on electronegativity of elements. If there is a bond between similar type of atom and each atom has same type of hybridisation than bonded pair electrons are equally shared by cach element. ‘alcualtion of Average Oxidation Number: Find Oxidation Number of Fe in Fe,0, is FeO. Fe,0, O.N. of Fe in FeO is +2; O.N. of Fe in Fe,0, is +3. : +242x(+3) 8 Therefore average O.N. of three Fe atoms =——S"— = +5 + North Delhi: 72, Mall Road, GTB, Nagar, New Delhi - 110009 + South Del delhi - 110016 * Ph.: O11-41415514, 09136597244, Toll Free: 1800-must be same. Law of Chemical equivalence: It states that in any chemical reaction the equivalents ofall the reactants and products 2A+3B—> 4C Equivalents of A = Equivalents of ‘B’ = Equivalents of Equivalents of “A'= Equivalent weight of'A' CC = no, of moles of ‘A’ x n-factor or Equivalents of Oxidation: Addition of oxygen, removal of hydrogen, - positive element, loss of electrons, increase in addition of electro— negative element, removal of electro xidation number (de-clectronation). Reduction: a q Removal of oxygen, addition of hydrogen, removal of ‘electronegative element, addition of electro — +ve element, gain of electrons, decrease in oxid. no. (electronation). Redox Reactions: A reaction in which oxidation & reduction occur simultaneously. \t equivalence point: ‘Meg of oxidising agent = Meg of reducing agent . When we carry out dilution of solution, meq eq, milli mole or mole of substance does not change because they represent amount of substance, however molar concentration may change. GLOSSARY ji glen: The amount of a substance which furnishes or reacts with 1 mol of H’ (acid-base), 1 mol of electrons (redox), or 1 mol of a univalent cation (precipitation and complex formation). eh, The weight in grams of one equivalent of a substance. Equivalence point, The point ina titration where the number of equivalents of titrant is the same as the number of equivalents of analyte. point. The point in a titration where an indicator changes color. Achemical substance which exhibits different colors in the presence of excess analyte or End Indicator titrant. Normality. The number of equivalents of solute per litre of solution. Primary standard.A substance available in a pure form or state of known purity which is used in standardizing a solution. Standardization, The process by which the concentration of a solution is accurately ascertained. Standard solution, Solution whose concentration has been accurately determined. Titrant. The reagent (a standard solution) which is added from a burette to react with the analyte.| OTST EXERCISE I Single Answer Type KMn0, reacts with oxalic acid according to the equation : 2Mn0O, +5C,0; +16H* -» 2Mn** +10CO, +8H,0 Here 20 mL of 0.1 M KMnO, is equivalent to ~ (a) 20 mL of 0.5 MH,C,0, (b) 50 mL of 0.5 MH,C,0, (0) 50 mL of 0.1 MH,C,0, (4) 20 mL of 0.1 MH,C,0, Excess of KI reacts with CuSO, solution and then Na,S,O, solution is added to it. Which of the statement is incorrect for this reaction — (a) Na,$,0, is oxidized (6) Cul, is formed (c) Cu], is formed (d) Evolved I, is reduced . Calculate the number of moles of KMinO, which will react with 180 gm H,C,O, according to given reaction KMnO, + H,C,0, —> 2CO, + Mn** (a) 4/5 (b) 2/5 (1s (43 1. Calculate the mass of K,Cr,0, required to produced 254 gm 1, from KI solution. Given K,Cr,0, + 2KI—> 20r* +1, (a) 49g (6) 98g (98g @49¢ 5. Calcualte volume of 0.05 M KMnO, which will react with 50 ml of 0.1 M H,S in acidic medium (HS — S80,) (a) 60 ml (b) 6 ml (c) 12 ml (d) 120 ml . Calculate mass of Fe,0, if't reacts completely with 25 ml of 0.3 M K,Cr,0,. (@i44g (b) 10.44 g (©) 104.4g @144¢ ]. Calculate the concentration of H,0, soluiton of 20 ml of HO, solution reacts completely with 10 ml of 2M KMnO, in acidic medium. (a) 1.25M (b)5M (c)2.5M (d)25M ; Calculate the moles of KCI required to produced 10 mol Cl, by the reaction with KCIO,. (a) 1.66 mole (b) 13.33 mole (0) 0.66 mole (@) 16.66 mole ) Calculate the moles of KMnO, required for complete oxidation of 1.25 mol Cu,S. Cu,S —> Cu’? +80, (a) 1 mole (b) 3 mole (c)2 mole (@) 5 mole 10. Calculate volume strength of H,O, ofits 11.2 ml requires 30 ml of 0.5 M K,Cr,0,. (a) 35 (b) 55 (©)25 (45 ul 50 ml KMnO, is mixed completely with excess KI. The 1, liberated required 250 ml of 0.1 M Na,S,0, soluiton, calculate molarity of KmnO, solution. (a) 0.2 (6)03 ()0.1 (0.5 110009 + South Dethi: 28-B/7, Jia Sarai, Ne fouz Kh i i enee eee Tee Redox Reaction ‘The oxidation number of oxygen in O,PtF, is : (a0 (+12 (+ @-12 Consider the following reaction : 5H,0, +xCI0, +20H” > xCI'+y0, +6H,0 The reaction is balanced if — (a)x=5,y=2 (b)x=2,y=5 (© x=4,y=10 @)x=5,y=5 Which of the following can act as both reducing agent and oxidising agent (a) SO, (b) KMn0, (©H,0, @HS EXERCISE II Numerical Answer Type The Eq. weight of Na,HPO, when it reacts with excess of HCI is A metallic oxide contains 60% of the metal. The Eq. weight of the metal is The number of gm of anhydrous Na,CO, present in 250 ml of 0.25 N solution is, ml of 0.1 M H,SO, is required to neutralize 50 ml of 0.2 M NaOH solution. Value of n-factor of H,CO, in presence of NaOH if product is NaHiCO,. The oxidation state of oxygen atom in potassium super oxide is.... It requires 40 ml of 1 M Ce* to titrate 20 ml of 1 M Sn?* to Sn**. What is the oxidation state of the cerium in the product. In the standarization of Na,S,O, using K,Cr,0, by iodometry what is the equivalent of Na,S,0; and K,Cr,0,. Calculate the number of c.c. of potassium dichromate solution containing 4.9 g per litre of the salt, required to oxidize 0.5 g of iron dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid. (K = 39, Cr = 52, 0 = 16, Fe=56) A solution of KMn0,/H* containing 3 gm/L is used to titrate HO, solution containing 2 envL. What volume of KMnO, will be required to react with 20 mL of H, O, solution. Also find the volume strength of H,O,. A 1.0 g sample of H,O, solution containing x % H,O, by mass requires x cm? of a KMn0, som for complete oxidation under acidic conditions. Calculate the normality of KMnO, ), solution. Calculate the number of millimoles of K,Cr,0, which will completely react with 50 ml 0.1 MKI soluiton. Calculate volume of 0.4 M KMnO, required to react with following mixture in acidic medium. KHC,O, (1 mol) + H,C,0, (2 mol) Certain amount of KIO, was mixed with excess KI solutic 2 : 02M Na,$,0, solution, calculate mols of KIO, mixed, Seah wes terion with 50h A volume of 10.0 ml of 1 M SeO, reacted with exactly 20 ml of2 M CrSO,. In the reaction, Cr2* was oxidized to Cr**. To what oxidation state was selenium converted by the reaction. ; A Road, GTB. Nagar, Newea s il Potassium acid oxalate K, C0, "3H,C,0,:4H,0 canbe oxidized by MnO, in inacid eg oy the volume of 0.1M KMn0, reacting in acid solution with 5. 08 gm of the acid oxal Metallic tin in the presence of HCI is oxidized by K,Cr,0, to stannic chloride, SnCl,. Wh: of deci-normal dichromate solution would be reduced by 11.9 gm of ti. [Sn = 119] Calculate volume of 0.4M KMn0, required to react with following in acidic medium. KHC,O, (I mol) + H,C,0, (2 mol) Calculate volume of 0.4 M NaOH required to react with following mixture. KHC,0, (1 mol) + H,C,0, (2 mol) Calculate volume of 0.2 M KMnO, required to react with following mixture in acidic medium. KHC,O, (128 gm) + H,C,O, (180 gm) Calculate the millimoles of Br, produced when 10 ml of 0.1 M BrO, reacts with excess of Br . at volur EXERCISE Il Previous Years Questions For the redox reaction MnO, + C,0,°+H* — Mn* + CO, +H,0 The correct coefficient of the reactants for the balanced reaction are : Mn0,- ee” H @ 2 5 16 ) 16 5 2 © 5 16 2 i V2 16 5 Among the following find the number of elements showing only one non-zero oxidation state O, Cl EN, P, Sn, TL, Na, Ti. What is the difference in the oxidation numbers of the two types of sulphur atoms in Na,S,0,? 2.68 x 10° moles of a solution containing an ion A”* require 1.61 x 10 moles of MnO,- for th oxidation of A"* to AO,” in acidic medium. What is the value of n ? Ina reaction, Na,S,O, is converted to Na,S,O,. The equivalent weight of 'Na,S,0, for this reactior is (mol. wt. of Na,S,0, = M). (a)M (b) M/4 (c) M2 (M3 From the following statements regarding H,O, choose the incorrect statement. (a) It can act only as an oxidising agent —_(b) It decomposed on exposure to light (c) It has to be stored in plastic or wax lined glass bottles in dark (d) It has to be kept away from dust Consider a titration of potassium dichromate solution with acdified Mohr’s salt solution usin; dipher ae as indicator. The number of moles of Mohr’s salt required per mole of dichromate i (a) (4 5 1800-200-4940 HebLs « 0. Inthe standardisation of Na,S,O, using K,Cr,0, by iodometry, the equivalent weight of K,Cr,O, is (a) (molecular weight) / 2 (b) (molecular weight) / 6 (c) (molecular weight) / 3 (d) same as molecular weight ‘The reaction, 3C1O-(aq) > ClO, (aq) + 2CF(aq) is an example of (a) oxidation reaction (b) reduction reaction (c) disproportionation reaction (d) decomposition reaction An aqueous solution of 6.3 g oxalic acid dihydrate is made up to 250 mL. The volume of O.1N NaOH required to completely neutralise 10 mL. of this solution is (a) 40 mL (b) 20 mL (c) 10 mL (@)4mL Among the following the species in which the oxidation number of an element is +6 (a) Mn0,- (b) Cr(CN) ()NiFe- (@) Cr0,Cl, The oxidation number of sulphur in S,, SF, HyS respectively are (0) 0,+1and—2 (b) +2, Hand—2 (©) 0, Hand+2 —(d) -2, +1 and -2 ‘The number of moles of KMn0, that will be needed to react completely with one mole of ferrous oxalate in acidic medium is 2 3 4 @§ ws % @1 ‘The number of moles of KMnO, that will be needed to react with one mole of sulphite ion in acidic solution is @ ws os @! ‘The volume strength of 1.5 NH,0, is (a)48 (b) 8.4 (©)3.0 (d) 8.0 The oxidation number of phosphorus in Ba(H,PO,), is +3 (b) +2 (+ (d)-1 The equivalent weight of MnSO, is half of its molecular weight, when it converts to (a) Mn,O, (b) Mn0,, (c) Mn0,- (@) Mn0,- For the reaction, I + CIO, + H,SO, > Cr + HSO,- + I, the correct statement(s) in the balanced equation is/are (a) stoichiometric coefficient of HSO,- is 6 (b) iodide is oxidised (c) sulphur is reduced (d) H,0 is one of the products GTB. Na Delhi - 110009 + South Dethi: 28-B/7, Jia Ph. O11-41415514, 09136597244, Toll Free: 180-200-4940 jep IIT, Hauz Khas, New www.chemacademy.in| CTE ANSWER KEY EXERCISE I Le 2b 3.8 4.b 5.4 6.b Te 8.4 9.6 10.4 ILe 12.¢ 13.b i4.¢ EXERCISE - i 1. M2 Be 1 3. Selb ec 0) 52a 6 2 MM ay +3 8. ae. 9. 89.286 10. 24.78 mL, ‘0.658 V" i. 0.58 12. 5/6 191,35) 14, $x10? i 0 16. 160ml "7.4L est 19, 125L 0. 6L 48 EXERCISE til La 22. 3.5 4n=42 5.0 6a 14 8.b 9.¢ 10.4 Id ha 13.6 Ida 15.b 16.¢ 17.6 18. a,b