CHAPTER 2 Design Properti of Materials | i OMY Mest FRIELEMS KECUIRIE HUMEKICAL DATA Het Sled, | Su * Yohsi COU MM) ; Sy* Oda (I mtrY, 25% Breve. Bectse %eiawaarion 75%, 17 15 osm. (APR &-13) | 1020 HE? 36% eowaatnw ~6eeATER DuerLiTY 10% HRS % srowsarien ep. Ata) | | Ek Irs ls Ais1 WM OOT 100% Hit Sve Fur Alay STE win oN% | CAkson, Quevenay Iv Ou. , TEMrace Ar toe, (Apr A-13) | YES. Sy * 172 Asi OOTW00 , Sy* 294M @ OOF %00 | | BY wreatTiod 5, 2/504 @ Oorsco, (Ape. A-13) jase Er apse teal (200400) Poe ML CMa Avo ALkey Srees. i WT DEASTY «Vout =, je, Was arse = Crit. \ovtvaXirsdnt Ig | ERE k& I Lips vdeve oF og eoner tir) Vowuere= texan Levan» Glade Doe 3 E reetiee GO 20 © 4909 110 same MUS DBO ME , W404 11S ae? fom? (area-n)- am a BOD ele ota 1 faye e297 by | WE Any LTIAG, UHI tn] s Ye 36.88 haem fsa S646 N Zu MAG WEI Wovrn be cAYSE IT HAS A Lower E, | Sul IS6M 5 yy = Ga; Tis snevan, (PRAM) | 2B pupvor Auimuun wire Saitou Ave mAdwes iva. Wehr rete ro Tt remPee. | sie Sa fy _& oem apa an) | boso Heusi ket tomw'tsi 040 tB/ mw? | bobeTy ISK UK i boti-rs Ysksi Yoxsi 7 | SE sng Hots! Suc* Moks! (arn A-t) ZBL Become %* tsoesis Peviin OG" B50 5 Cont jroo ti Onhtue. To 6th, B85 Psi Pet Pew bluse To Gato y SHEAR Ty © 95 05/ Cape, A-1e. 29% 2000 10 1000 65) (Secrrow 2-10) | 12-44 Graphite fibers. 2-45 S.glass, quantz fibers, tungsten fibers coated with sion carbide. 2-81 2-52 Material Graphite/Epoxy (High Strength) ‘AramidlEpoxy Composite Boron/Epoxy Composite Graphite/Epoxy (Ultra-hi_ mod) Giass/Epoxy Composite Titanium Ti-6Al-4V AISI 5160 CQT 700 Steet Aluminum 7075-16 Aluminum 6061-16 ANSI 1020 HR Steet Material Graphite/Epoxy (Uitrachi_ mod) Boron/Epoxy Composite Graphite/Epoxy (High Strength) ‘AramidlEpoxy Composite AISI 1020 HA Steel AISI 5160 OQT 700 Steel Titanium Ti-6Al-4V Aluminum 6061-76 Aluminum 7075-76 Giass/Epoxy Composite Vm = 1 = Vr= 1.0 - 0.60 = 0.40 See Equation (2-5). Specie strength (in) 486x106 4,00x106 3.60x106 2.76x108 1.87x108 1.00x108 0.929x108 0.822108 0.459x108 0.194x108 ‘Specific modulus (in) 8.28x108 4.00x108 3.45x108 2.20x108 1.06108 1.06x108 1,03x108 1,02%108 0.99x108 0.68x108 See Equations (2-6), (2-7), (2-8), (2-8). 12 Ratio 1 AISI 1020 25.0 20.8 18.5 14.2 9.63 5.15 4.78 4.23 2.36 1.00 Ratio to AISI 1020 7.81 3.77 3.25 2.07 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.622-63 Given: Vs = 0.50; Fibers are high strength carbon-PAN; Matrix is Epoxy 2-65 ‘See Table 2-Ftor data. Vm = 1- Vr= 10 - 0.50 = 0.50 Use Equation (2-5): Suc = Suf V/+ om’ Vm ‘Strain at which fibers would fail: e/ = suf /Er = (B20x 103 psi)(40x106 psi) et = 0.0205 Stress in matrix at this strain: om’ = Em € = (0.56x106 psi)(0,0205) = 11 480 psi ‘Then: sue = (820x 103 psij(0.50) + (11 480 psi)(0.50) = 415x103 psi Modulus of elasticity: Ec = Ef V+ Em vm = (40x108(0.5) + (0.56x108)(0.50) Ec = 20,3x108 psi Specitic welght: “Ye = vf VF + vm Vm = (0.065)(0.50) + (0.047)(0.50) Ye = 0.056 Ibiind Given: Vy = 0.50; Fibers are high modulus carbon; Matrix is Epoxy ‘See Table 2-9 for data. Vm = 1- Vr= 10 - 0.50 = 0.50 Use Equation (2.5): suc = suf Vi+ om! Vm ‘Strain at which fibers would fail: et = suf JEr = (325x 103 psiy/(100x108 psi) ef = 0.00325 Stress in matrix at this strain: om’ = Em € = (0.58x106 psi)(0.00325) = 1820 psi Then: suc = (825x 103 psi)(0.50) + (1820 psi)(0.50) = 163x103 psi Modulus of elasticity: Ee = Er Ve + Em vm = (100x108)(0.5) + (0.56x106)(0.50) Ee = 50.3x108 psi Specitic wolght: “ve = WF Vr + vm vm = (0.078)(0.50) + (0.047)(0.50) Ye = 0.0625 Ibvin3 Given: V¢ = 0.50; Fibers are aramid; Matrix is Epoxy See Table 2-4for data. Vm = 1- Vi= 10 - 0.50 = 0.50 Use Equation (2-5): Suc = suf VF + om! Vm Strain at which fibers would fail: ef = Sut /Ef = (600x 103 psiji(19x106 psi) et = 0.0263 Stress in matrix at this strain: om' = Em € = (0.56x108 psi)(0.0263) = 14 740 psi ‘Then: suc = (500x 103 psi)(0.50) + (14 740 psi)(0.50) = 257x103 psi Modulus of elasticity: Ec = Er VF + Em Vm = (19%108)(0.5) + (0.56x108)(0.50) Ec = 9.78x108 psi Specitic weight: yo = w VF + ym vm = (0.052)(0.50) + (0.047)(0.50) Ye = 0.0495 Ib/in3 13Solutions to Problems 2-66 to 2-67: Some data approximated from Figure P2-66, Most accurate vaiues are for Ultimate strength (b.)and % elongation (f). Elastic limit (4) estimated between proportional limit (c.) and yield strength (s.) Modulus of elasticity (¢.) computed from (A stress / 4 strain). Data are approximated Materials found from Appendixes A-13 through A-17 matching s,, s,, % Elongation, and E 286 a. b. ° 4 e t. 9 hn 1 268 270 272 5)= 73 ksi - Offset 247 54= 83 ksi 5) 60 kst Su = 67 ksi E = 10.0x10° psi 14% Elongation Ductile ‘Aluminum 7075-18 5)= 62 ksi Offset 249 55275 ksi 5) = 50 ksi Sy) 58 ksi E= 16.7x10" psi 15% Elongation Ductite Copper Alloy (©5400 Bronze-hard No s,- Britle 2m 5,2 55 ksi $= 50 ksi Sy 53 ksi E = 20.0x10* psi 0.5% Elongation Britle Cast tron ASTM A48 Grade 60 $= 35 ksi Yield point 273 Sy 57 ksi 5)= 30 ks! 85 27 ksi E= 26x10" psi 21% Elongation Ductile Structural Stee! ASTM A36 4 a. 5173 ksi Yield point ‘Sy ™ 187 ksi 5 = 162 ksi Sq= 188 ksi E = 29.0x10" psi 15% Elongation Ductile Stee! AIS! 4140 OQT 800 8,= 49 ksi - Yield point ‘Sy = 65 ksi 5) = 48 ksi Sq = 48 ksi E=26.5x10" psi 36% Elongation Ductilo Steel AISI 1020 CD b. ° a. 8 © 9 h 1 y= 53 ksi - Offset 8,2 50 ksi 5p= 31 ksi Su 42 ksi E=12.0x10° psi 5.0% Elongation Borderline Brittle/Ductile Zine Cast ZA-12, Fenpag ge a 52 19ksi- Offset b, S240 ksi ©. 5,2 14ksi d. sy= 17 st 8x10" psi f. 5% Elongation 9. Borderline Britle/Ductile h. Magnesium 1. ASTM AZ83A-TB274 2-76 Seaeee =semneane 5, = 155 ksi- Offset 5y= 170 ksi 5) = 142 ksi Sa® 149 ksi E= 16.5x10° psi 8% Etongation Ductile Titanium AMV 5,= 80 ksi- Offset 8) = 80 ksi E = 26x10" pst 15% Elongation AIS! 430 full hard 205 247 15 = 40 ksi - Offset . $y = 45 ksi 5)= 30 ksi Sy = 35 ksi E = 10.0x10° psi 17% Elongation Ductile Aluminum 6081-78 3.8) 80 ksi - Offset . Sy 95 ksi $y 55 ksi Su = 68 ksi E = 26x10° psi 2.0% Elongation |. Brittle, but does yield 1. Malleable Iron ASTM A220 Grade 80002