RSTP and MSTP: Marvin Rambhadjan

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Per VLAN Spanning Tree

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
RSTP and MSTP
Marvin Rambhadjan
UvA
February 25, 2010
Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Overview

IEEE 802.1w 1998

Underlying protocol MSTP
I Similarities with STP

I Calculate the same spanning tree topology with the same
configuration
I Differences with STP

I Faster conversion times
I Different port states and new port roles
I Different definition topology change
I BPDUs used for Hello mechamism

RSTP Port States and Roles

I Port States
Forwarding MAC Learning
Forwarding traffic
Learning MAC Learning
No forwarding traffic
Disabled No MAC learning
No forwarding traffic
I Port Roles
Root Port Port to higher segments (to the Root Bridge)
Designated Port Port to lower segments
Alternate Port Backup Root Port
Backup Port Backup Designated Port
Disabled Port Not participating in RSTP

Port Roles

Definition Topology Change
I STP
I A Forwarding or Listening state port that transits to Blocking (lost
connection)
I A port that transits in Forwarding state, while the switch already has
a Designated port (new connection)
I RSTP
I Non-Edge port that transits in Forwarding (new connection)

Rapid transit to Forwarding
I Edge Ports
I End stations
I Not part of spanning tree process
I Point to Point
I Connection between switches
I Proposal and Agreement mechanism

Proposal and Agreement Mechanism
If a designated port wants to transits into a non-discarding state, the

upstream switch will do the following in order to agree with the
downstream switch.
1. Upstream Bridge sends proposal on Designated Port
2. Downstream Bridge receives proposal
I If it agrees on port role, it starts synchronization.
I If it not agree on the proposal, it will send is own proposal
3. Downstream Bridge blocks all non-edge Designated Ports and send
Agreement to upstream bridge
4. Synchronization is needed to make sure there are no loops in the
topology when when the upstream bridge unblocks its Designated
Port

Proposal and Agreement
www.cisco.com

Proposal and Agreement
www.cisco.com

Proposal Agreement
www.cisco.com

Proposal Agreement
www.cisco.com

Proposal Agreement
www.cisco.com

Topology Changes
TC Detection
I Start TC While timer (2x Hello-Time) on all Non-Edge designated
and root ports
I Flush all MAC addresses on these ports
I Sends BPDUs with TC bit set, while TC While timer has not expired
TC Propagation
I Flush all MAC addresses on all ports except receiving port
I Start TC While timer and sends BPDUs with TC bit set on all
Designated and Root ports
I TCN not longer used

I Many different variants

I Proprietary
I For both STP and RSTP
I Load Balancing
I Create independent spanning tree instances

Single Spanning Tree
I Not all connections are used

I 10 Root Bridges
I 10 BPDU’s
I 10 Spanning Tree calculations
IEEE 802.1s 2003

Built on RSTP
I MSTP vs (R)STP
I Use all links
I MSTP vs PVST
I Minimize overhead
I Introduction Regions
I Two-Level Hierarchy
I Multiple independent Spanning Tree Instances

MSTP Terminology
I CIST Common Internal Spanning Tree

I Topology of all switches in all regions
I CST Common Spanning Tree

I Topology of all “pseudo bridges”
I IST (MSTI0) Internal Spanning Tree

I Spanning Tree within a region
I Can communicate with other regions
I Root Bridge election first based on External Path Cost
I MSTIn Multiple Spanning Tree Instance n

I Spanning Tree within a region
I Cannot communicate with other regions

MSTP parameters
I MSTP Region parameters

I VLAN-to-instance mapping
I Configuration Name
I Configuration Revision
I Root Priority per MSTI

I Path cost per MSTI
I Port Priority per MSTI

Example IST

Example MSTIs

MSTP Multi Region
I Every region becomes a “pseudo-bridge”

I Topology of “pseudo-bridges” is called CST
I CST has no idea of internal MSTP regions
Hierarchy
I First Layer
I Common Internal Spanning Tree (CIST)
I Collection of Internal Spanning Tree (IST)
I Second Layer
I Internal Spanning Tree (IST)
I Multiple Spanning Tree Instance(s) (MSTI)

Example MSTP Multi Region Topology

Example MSTP Multi Region Root Ports

Example MSTP Multi Region Designated Ports

Example MSTP Multi Region CIST

Example MSTP “Pseudo-Bridges CST

Example MSTP Within a Region

Example MSTP Within a Region

Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Octet BPDU Content
1-2 Protocol Identifier Spanning Tree Protocol 0x0000
3 Protocol Version Identifier Multiple Spanning Tree 3
4 BPDU Type Rapid/Multiple Spanning Tree (0x02)
5 CIST Flags
6 - 13 CIST Root Identifier
14 - 17 CIST External Path Cost
18 - 25 CIST Regional Root Iden-
tifier
26 - 27 CIST Port Identifier
28 - 29 Message Age
30 - 31 Max Age
32 - 33 Hello Time
34 - 35 Forward Delay
36 Version 1 Length 0
37 - 38 Version 3 Length Number of octets in MSTP extension
64 octets MSTP Extension & 16 octets
per MSTI
39 - 102 MSTP Extension
Bridge Protocol Data Unit
Octet MSTP Extension Content

39 MST Config ID Format Selector 0
40 -71 MST Config Name
72 - 73 MST Revision
74 - 89 MST Config Digest
90 - 93 CIST Internal Path Cost
94 - 101 CIST Bridge Identifier
102 CIST Remaining Hops
MSTIDn MSTI Instances
Octet MSTID instance number Content
1 MSTI Flags
2-9 MSTI Regional Root Identifier
10 - 13 MSTI Internal Root Path Cost
14 MSTI Bridge Priority
15 MSTI Port Priority
16 MSTI Remaining Hops

Flags
Bits Description
1 Topology Change Acknowledgement
1 Agreement
1 Forwarding
1 Learning
2 Port Role
1 Proposal
1 Topology Change

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Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Per VLAN Spanning Tree

RSTP and MSTP

February 25, 2010

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

Per VLAN Spanning Tree

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

IEEE 802.1w 1998

I Similarities with STP

I Differences with STP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

RSTP Port States and Roles

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Definition Topology Change

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Rapid transit to Forwarding

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Proposal and Agreement Mechanism

If a designated port wants to transits into a non-discarding state, the

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Proposal and Agreement

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Proposal and Agreement

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Per VLAN Spanning Tree

I Many different variants

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Single Spanning Tree

I Not all connections are used

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Per VLAN Spanning Tree

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

IEEE 802.1s 2003

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

I CIST Common Internal Spanning Tree

I CST Common Spanning Tree

I IST (MSTI0) Internal Spanning Tree

I MSTIn Multiple Spanning Tree Instance n

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

I MSTP Region parameters

I Root Priority per MSTI

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

MSTP Multi Region

I Every region becomes a “pseudo-bridge”

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Example MSTP Multi Region Topology

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Example MSTP Multi Region Root Ports

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Example MSTP Multi Region Designated Ports

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP

Example MSTP Multi Region CIST

Marvin Rambhadjan RSTP and MSTP